How to make a morphological analysis of a verb? Parsing the verb became.

Schoolchildren and students of philological faculties are required to perform morphological analysis of various parts of speech. Among them, the verb is usually considered the most difficult to analyze, since it has many grammatical categories that are quite difficult to define. To make a morphological analysis of a verb correctly, it is important to know exactly all the requirements for it, follow the algorithm, and take into account all the features of each grammatical category. The analysis itself must be performed carefully, pay attention to any point, and do not forget about the general rules of analysis. It is morphological analysis that becomes an excellent way to regularly and effectively repeat the grammatical categories of a verb, helps in practice to determine the properties of a verb, not to confuse categories and to correctly determine them using specific examples.

1. First you will need to indicate the indefinite form of the verb, the infinitive. To do this, you need to put the word in a form that answers the question what do? or what to do? Please note: the question must match your verb. If the verb “reads” is in front of you, you need to ask a question what to do? (what is he doing? - is reading), but not what to do? That is, the infinitive for the verb reads is to read, not to read. Do not confuse verbs of different aspect, since aspect is a constant feature of the verb. It is retained when you specify the infinitive.
   
2. Often pupils and students forget to write down the general grammatical meaning of a word as a part of speech. Don't skip this point. Here you just need to indicate the already learned general meaning of the verb - action. It is the same for all units.
   
3. The next category is verb reflexivity. At school, many are accustomed to the fact that determining recurrence is very simple: just look at a word and find out whether it has a formal indicator of recurrence. It is the postfix –sya, or –sya. For example: I’m in a hurry, laughs. In fact, this category needs to be treated more carefully, and the word needs to be analyzed deeper and more carefully. Remember a few important points.
   • Only an intransitive verb can be reflexive. It is better to first determine its transitivity, and only after that analyze its recurrence. However, in analyzes it is customary to first indicate recurrence. Therefore, it is better to do a morphological analysis of the verb first on a draft, and then rewrite it in the given order.
     
   • The postfix -sya or -sya is a mandatory sign of recurrence.
     
   • Do not confuse non-reflexive verbs with postfixes -sya or -sya with reflexive ones. Verbs that have these formal indicators (postfixes) are not reflexive, but refer to verbs that have an impersonal meaning or indicate the intensity of the action. For example: I don't think so, knock. These verbs are non-reflexive.
     
4. Precisely determine the transitivity of the verb. It is customary to find out the transitivity of a verb in a simple way. All you have to do is create a phrase with a verb in such a way that the dependent word is in the accusative case. Write down the phrase. Notice if there is a preposition in it. The absence of a preposition is a formal indicator of the transitivity of a verb.

   The transitive verb should indicate in your phrase an action aimed at the subject. The object itself changes and appears as a result of action. Remember: it is important for you to find out the potential of a word, choose the right phrase, and not just see if there is a preposition in the existing context.
   

5. The grammatical category of aspect most often does not cause difficulties during morphological analysis.
   • The imperfect form denotes an action that has not yet been completed, is in process and development. It is not yet finished, which gives the species its name. Please note that the aspect in this case does not depend on tense: imperfective verbs are used in all three tenses. For example: he performs work, he will fulfill job, he carried out work. The past tense does not give us an idea of ​​the completion of the action, its result: perhaps the person did the work, but did not complete it.
     
   • The perfect form signals the completion of the action. The action was stopped, it reached its limit. Perfective verbs are often formed from imperfect ones using prefixes: read - read.
     
   • An easy way to find out the type of a verb is to ask a question about it. Perfective verbs answer the question “what to do?”, and imperfect verbs answer the question “what to do?”.
     
   • An important point: perfective verbs are not used in the present tense.
     
6. Verb conjugation is a very difficult grammatical category to define. You will need knowledge of exceptions, verb endings that relate to a specific conjugation. It is best to learn the endings well, as well as several verbs related to the second conjugation.
   • When the personal ending of a verb is stressed, you can determine the conjugation from it. It is best to put the verb in the third person plural form.
     
   • The endings of verbs of the first conjugation: -у (-yu), -ut (-yut), -eat, -et, -eat, -ete.
     
   • The endings of verbs of the second conjugation: -im, -it, -ish, -ite, -at (-yat), -u (-yu).
     
   • If the personal ending of the verb is unstressed, determine the conjugation using the infinitive.
     
   • Verbs of the first conjugation - all verbs with an unstressed personal ending, as well as the words lay, shave.
     
   • Verbs of the second conjugation are all verbs that have an unstressed personal ending, with an infinitive ending in -it, as well as several exception words: hear, breathe, hold, drive, offend, endure, hate, look, twirl, see, depend.
     
   • There are also differently conjugated verbs in the Russian language: to run, to want. There are verbs that are inflected with special endings. For example, create, give.
     
7. The next category in which you need to be well versed in order to morphologically parse a verb correctly is the category of mood. There are three known forms of mood: subjunctive (conditional), imperative, indicative. Most often you will see verbs in the indicative mood, but you need to be able to identify any mood.
   • A verb in the indicative mood has forms of tense, person, number, and also gender if it is used in the past tense. Verbs in the indicative mood denote actions that will happen, are happening, or have happened at some point.
     
   • Verbs in the imperative mood encourage action, express a request, order or recommendation. In this mood, verbs can only change by number.
     
   • A desirable or possible action is indicated by verbs in the conditional mood. These verbs vary in number and gender, but do not have tense forms.
     
8. The category of tense exists only for verbs in the indicative mood; in other cases it does not need to be defined. Please pay attention to some nuances:
   • Perfective verbs do not have a present tense.
     
   • The complex form of the future tense is formed by imperfective verbs. For example: I will watch.
     
   When identifying inconstant features, do not forget that not all of them may be present in your verb. Remember the features of grammatical categories so as not to waste time establishing any sign.
   

1. Write the word out of context - exactly as it is used there. This is the word form of your verb.
   
2. Find out the infinitive form of the verb. Write down the resulting infinitive.
   
3. Indicate the general grammatical meaning of the verb - action.
   
4. Determine in order all the unchangeable grammatical categories of the verb:
   • repayment;
     
   • transitivity;
     
   • view;
     
   • conjugation.
     
5. Determine the modifiable grammatical categories of the verb:
   • mood;
     
   • time;
     
   • number;
     
   • face;
     
   • genus.
     
   It is advisable to use the traditional formulation: the verb is used in the form.
   
6. Find out the syntactic role of the verb in a sentence. Most often, verbs are predicates. Write out the sentence and underline the verb in it in accordance with its syntactic function. Write down which part of the sentence it is.
   

Verb parsing plan

Verb parsing examples

If you like to ride, you also like to carry sleds(proverb).

Do you love

1. What are you doing?
2. N. f. - be in love. Morphological characteristics:
   1) imperfect appearance;
   2) non-refundable;
   3) transitional;
   4) II conjugation.
   
   2) present tense;
   3) singular;
   4) 2nd person.

Ride

1. Verb; denotes action; answers the question what to do?
2. N. f. - ride. Morphological characteristics:
   A) Constant morphological characteristics:
   1) imperfect appearance;
   2) returnable;
   3) intransitive;
   4) I conjugation.
   B) Variable morphological characteristics. Used in the infinitive form (unchangeable form).
3. In a sentence it is part of a compound verb predicate.

Love

1. Verb; denotes action; answers the question what are you doing?
2. N. f. - be in love. Morphological characteristics:
   A) Constant morphological characteristics:
   1) imperfect appearance;
   2) non-refundable;
   3) transitional;
   4) II conjugation.
   B) Variable morphological characteristics. Used in the form:
   1) imperative mood;
   2) singular;
   3) 2nd person.
3. In a sentence it is part of a compound verb predicate.

Plowing has begun(Prishvin).

Started

1. Verb; denotes action; answers the question what did you do?
2. N. f. - start. Morphological characteristics:
   A) Constant morphological characteristics:
   1) perfect form;
   2) returnable;
   3) intransitive;
   4) I conjugation.
   B) Variable morphological characteristics. Used in the form:
   1) indicative mood;
   2) past tense;
   3) singular;
   4) feminine.
3. It is a predicate in a sentence.

A verb is a changing part of speech that has constant and unstable characteristics. When performing morphological analysis, it is necessary to take into account the form in which the verb is located: if you have an infinitive, then it does not have unstable features, since it does not change. You also need to remember that some curriculums consider participles and gerunds to be forms of the verb, although in most school textbooks these are independent parts of speech.

On the site you can use the morphological analysis of the verb online.

Verb morphological analysis plan

To carry out the analysis, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of the verb:

• meaning (action of an object);
• question (what (to) do?);
• original form (always infinitive);
• constant features: conjugation, aspect, transitivity;
• non-constant features: mood (always present), tense (in the indicative mood), person (in the indicative mood, except for the past tense), number (always present), gender (with the past tense);
• role in the sentence (personal forms - predicate, infinitive - any member of the sentence).

Sample morphological analysis of a verb

1. Part of speech and its meaning.
2. Original form
3. Constant features (conjugation, aspect, transitivity)
4. Inconstant signs (mood; if present: tense, person, number, gender)
5. Role in sentence

Examples of morphological analysis of a verb

Virtue, youth and naivety! If they you'll lose, then it’s irrevocable! (E.M. Remarque, “Black Obelisk”).

1. You will lose (what will you do?) – verb. Indicates an action.
2. The initial form is to lose.
3. Fast. features: 2nd conjugation, perfective aspect, transitive.
4. Non-post. signs: indicative mood, future tense, 2nd person, singular.
5. (What will you do?) You will lose. In a sentence it functions as a predicate.

"Margarita rushed curtain to the side and sat sideways on the windowsill, clasping her knee with her hands” (M. A. Bulgakov, “The Master and Margarita”).

1. Pulled (what did she do?) – verb. Indicates an action.
2. The initial form is to jerk.
3. Inconstant features: indicative mood, past tense, singular, feminine.
4. (What did you do?) rushed. Predicate.

"We came in drink just a cup of tea" (E.M. Remarque, "Black Obelisk").

1. Drink (what to do?) – verb. Indicates an action.
2. The initial form is to drink.
3. Constant features: 1 conjugation, perfective aspect, transitive.
4. Non-permanent signs: absent, because verb in the infinitive form.
5. We came in (for what purpose? why?) to have a cup of tea. Circumstance.

Verb. The teacher will show the example for the children for the first time, and later they will be able to easily carry it out themselves. In order to correctly complete this task, you need to know what features the verb has, the characteristics it has, its role in various types of sentences.

Where to begin?

In order to correctly analyze a verb, you need to know its difference from other parts of speech. It adds dynamism to speech, makes it “move”, creating various images. Without him it would have been very difficult for us. Try to talk about the events of one day without using verbs. Difficult? Without a doubt. After all, it is the verb that gives expressiveness and movement to our story. Of course, we can try to make do with only nouns, but apart from naming the events that took place during the day, we will not be able to say anything.

When you take on the morphological analysis of which we will write later, first learn to determine its initial form. Otherwise it is called an infinitive. For example, let’s find out what it is like for the verb “run away”. To do this, we ask a question to this form - what are they doing? Now we can easily define the infinitive by asking “what to do?” Run away. This is its initial form. Thus, we conclude that the infinitive is determined by the following questions: “what to do?” or “what should I do?”

Conjugation

Let's continue to figure out how to do morphological analysis of a verb. To do this, remember that each part of speech has its own special characteristics. Those that never change are called constant. These include conjugation (1 and 2), aspect (perfect and imperfect), as well as transitivity. Let's look at them in more detail.

Conjugation, which is a change in verbs by number (singular or plural) and person (there are three of them), is easy to determine. (of the verb in this case) presupposes the ability to distinguish the first conjugation from the second.

Usually they start with an explanation about the second conjugation. Note that most often it is defined by an indefinite form. The rule is that verbs of the second conjugation end in "it". There are, of course, exceptions here: this list is eleven words long. The first includes all the others: “eat”, “ot”, “at” and others. But not with “it.” There are only two exceptions in this group: shaving and laying.

In percussive forms they look at personal endings. If this is 1 reference, then -et (-eat, -ete, etc.) in the singular, -ut(yut) in the plural. In the second it is different: in the singular there will be -it, and in the plural -at(yat).

Transitivity

The following constant sign will tell you how to proceed with the morphological analysis of the verb. There are verbs that are both transitive and non-transitive. It is not always easy to determine which of them a word belongs to. Here the rule is the following: look at the phrase. If a verb is used without a preposition, and even with a noun that will be in the accusative case, then it is transitive.

Examples: crossing the road, ironing trousers. In both examples there is no preposition and noun. are in Vin. case. Not to be confused with the example of “put in hand”. Here the preposition indicates a lack of transitivity.

It is worth remembering words with the suffix “sya” (so-called reflexive verbs). They are never transitional.

View

This is the next feature that does not change for verbs. There are also two of them.

The imperfective form is different both in meaning and grammatically. It is determined by the question “what to do?” Such verbs are characterized by the incompleteness of the action. For example, running, walking, gluing - they all denote a process. It is unknown whether it will be completed, since it is still ongoing.

Based on the definition, the perfect form includes verbs denoting a completed process. Run, Go, Glue - thanks to prefixes, these words now have a completed action.

Knowing these features, we figured out how to make a morphological analysis of a verb based on its constant features. Now let's move on to others.

Inclination as a fickle sign

The verb is a special group in the Russian language. It has many signs, both constant and those that can change. The morphological analysis of which will be given a little later will be supplemented with another distinctive feature. In addition to number (singular and plural), person (1, 2 and 3) and tense, it has a mood.

• Indicative.

The most common and numerous group. It includes words that do not differ in any special features. Can be used in all tenses and numbers: flying, arriving, found.

• Imperative.

When we ask someone for something, we often use verbs of this mood: come, draw, tell. That is, we command, which literally means an order. If we are addressing a group of people or an older person, then we will ask politely, addressing you: do it, think, wake up. So we simply add the plural suffix "those".

• Conditional.

It is easy to distinguish him from others thanks to the inseparable particle “would”: he would have remained silent, he would have published, he would have studied. This mood requires some condition, that’s why it’s called that.

Plan

Knowing about all the features, we can create for ourselves a sample of the morphological analysis of the verb.

1. Indefinite (also called initial) form.

2. Constant signs (those that do not change under any conditions):

• conjugation (by ending or infinitive);
• transitivity.

3. Non-permanent signs (can change the word):

• mood (we define tense for the indicative, the others do not have it);
• number;
• gender (we define it only in the past tense);
• face.

4. verbs in this sentence.

Using this plan, you can safely make a morphological analysis of the verb. Example: Petya was in a hurry to go to class.

1) Start form: hurry.

2) 1 spr, nesov. kind, intransitive.

3) Indicative, singular, masculine, third person.

4) In a sentence it serves as the main member, the predicate.

1. Independent parts of speech:

• nouns (see morphological norms of nouns);
• Verbs:
• • participles;
  • participles;
• adjectives;
• numerals;
• pronouns;
• adverbs;

2. Functional parts of speech:

• prepositions;
• unions;
• particles;

3. Interjections.

The following do not fall into any of the classifications (according to the morphological system) of the Russian language:

• the words yes and no, if they act as an independent sentence.
• introductory words: so, by the way, total, as a separate sentence, as well as a number of other words.

Morphological analysis of a noun

• initial form in the nominative case, singular (with the exception of nouns used only in the plural: scissors, etc.);
• proper or common noun;
• animate or inanimate;
• gender (m,f, avg.);
• number (singular, plural);
• declination;
• case;
• syntactic role in a sentence.

Plan for morphological analysis of a noun

"The baby drinks milk."

Baby (answers the question who?) – noun;

• initial form - baby;
• constant morphological features: animate, common noun, concrete, masculine, 1st declension;
• inconsistent morphological features: nominative case, singular;
• when parsing a sentence, it plays the role of subject.

Morphological analysis of the word “milk” (answers the question of whom? What?).

• initial form – milk;
• constant morphological characteristics of the word: neuter, inanimate, real, common noun, II declension;
• variable morphological features: accusative case, singular;
• direct object in the sentence.

Here is another example of how to make a morphological analysis of a noun, based on a literary source:

"Two ladies ran up to Luzhin and helped him get up. He began to knock the dust off his coat with his palm. (example from: “Luzhin’s Defense”, Vladimir Nabokov)."

Ladies (who?) - noun;

• initial form - queen;
• constant morphological features: common noun, animate, concrete, feminine, first declension;
• fickle morphological characteristics of the noun: singular, genitive case;
• syntactic role: part of the subject.

Luzhin (to whom?) - noun;

• initial form - Luzhin;
• faithful morphological characteristics of the word: proper name, animate, concrete, masculine, mixed declension;
• inconsistent morphological features of the noun: singular, dative case;

Palm (with what?) - noun;

• initial shape - palm;
• constant morphological features: feminine, inanimate, common noun, concrete, I declension;
• inconsistent morpho. signs: singular, instrumental case;
• syntactic role in context: addition.

Dust (what?) - noun;

• initial form - dust;
• main morphological features: common noun, material, feminine, singular, animate not characterized, III declension (noun with zero ending);
• fickle morphological characteristics of the word: accusative case;
• syntactic role: addition.

(c) Coat (Why?) - noun;

• the initial form is a coat;
• constant correct morphological characteristics of the word: inanimate, common noun, specific, neuter, indeclinable;
• morphological features are inconsistent: the number cannot be determined from the context, genitive case;
• syntactic role as a member of a sentence: addition.

Morphological analysis of the adjective

An adjective is a significant part of speech. Answers the questions Which? Which? Which? Which? and characterizes the characteristics or qualities of an object. Table of morphological features of the adjective name:

• initial form in the nominative case, singular, masculine;
• constant morphological features of adjectives:
• • rank according to the value:
  • • - quality (warm, silent);
    • - relative (yesterday, reading);
    • - possessive (hare, mother);
  • degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this feature is constant);
  • full/short form (for quality ones, for which this sign is constant);
• inconsistent morphological features of the adjective:
• • qualitative adjectives vary according to the degree of comparison (in comparative degrees the simple form, in superlative degrees - complex): beautiful - more beautiful - the most beautiful;
  • full or short form (qualitative adjectives only);
  • gender marker (singular only);
  • number (agrees with the noun);
  • case (agrees with the noun);
• syntactic role in a sentence: an adjective can be a definition or part of a compound nominal predicate.

Plan for morphological analysis of the adjective

Example sentence:

The full moon rose over the city.

Full (what?) – adjective;

• initial form – full;
• constant morphological features of the adjective: qualitative, full form;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics: in a positive (zero) degree of comparison, feminine (consistent with the noun), nominative case;
• according to syntactic analysis - a minor member of the sentence, serves as a definition.

Here is another whole literary passage and morphological analysis of the adjective, with examples:

The girl was beautiful: slender, thin, blue eyes, like two amazing sapphires, looking into your soul.

Beautiful (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - beautiful (in this meaning);
• constant morphological norms: qualitative, brief;
• inconstant signs: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine;

Slender (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - slender;
• constant morphological characteristics: qualitative, complete;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: full, positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative case;
• syntactic role in a sentence: part of the predicate.

Thin (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - thin;
• morphological constant characteristics: qualitative, complete;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the adjective: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative case;
• syntactic role: part of the predicate.

Blue (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - blue;
• table of constant morphological features of the adjective name: qualitative;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics: full, positive degree of comparison, plural, nominative case;
• syntactic role: definition.

Amazing (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - amazing;
• constant characteristics of morphology: relative, expressive;
• inconsistent morphological features: plural, genitive case;
• syntactic role in a sentence: part of the circumstance.

Morphological features of the verb

According to the morphology of the Russian language, a verb is an independent part of speech. It can denote an action (to walk), a property (to limp), an attitude (to be equal), a state (to rejoice), a sign (to turn white, to show off) of an object. Verbs answer the question what to do? what to do? what is he doing? what did you do? or what will it do? Different groups of verbal word forms have heterogeneous morphological characteristics and grammatical features.

Morphological forms of verbs:

• the initial form of the verb is the infinitive. It is also called the indefinite or unchangeable form of the verb. There are no variable morphological features;
• conjugated (personal and impersonal) forms;
• inconjugated forms: participles and participles.

Morphological analysis of the verb

• initial form - infinitive;
• constant morphological features of the verb:
• • transitivity:
  • • transitive (used with accusative case nouns without a preposition);
    • intransitive (not used with a noun in the accusative case without a preposition);
  • repayment:
  • • returnable (there is -sya, -sya);
    • irrevocable (no -sya, -sya);
  • • imperfect (what to do?);
    • perfect (what to do?);
  • conjugation:
  • • I conjugation (do-eat, do-e, do-eat, do-e, do-ut/ut);
    • II conjugation (sto-ish, sto-it, sto-im, sto-ite, sto-yat/at);
    • mixed verbs (want, run);
• inconsistent morphological features of the verb:
• • mood:
  • • indicative: what did you do? What did you do? what is he doing? what will he do?;
    • conditional: what would you do? what would you do?;
    • imperative: do!;
  • time (in the indicative mood: past/present/future);
  • person (in the present/future tense, indicative and imperative: 1st person: I/we, 2nd person: you/you, 3rd person: he/they);
  • gender (past tense, singular, indicative and conditional);
  • number;
• syntactic role in a sentence. The infinitive can be any part of the sentence:
• • predicate: To be a holiday today;
  • subject: Learning is always useful;
  • addition: All the guests asked her to dance;
  • definition: He had an irresistible desire to eat;
  • circumstance: I went out for a walk.

Morphological analysis of verb example

To understand the scheme, let’s conduct a written analysis of the morphology of the verb using the example of a sentence:

God somehow sent a piece of cheese to the crow... (fable, I. Krylov)

Sent (what did you do?) - part of speech verb;

• initial form - send;
• constant morphological features: perfective aspect, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: indicative mood, past tense, masculine, singular;

The following online example of morphological analysis of a verb in a sentence:

What silence, listen.

Listen (what do you do?) - verb;

• initial form - listen;
• morphological constant features: perfective aspect, intransitive, reflexive, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Plan for morphological analysis of verbs online for free, based on an example from a whole paragraph:

He needs to be warned.

No need, let him know next time how to break the rules.

What are the rules?

Wait, I'll tell you later. Has entered! (“Golden Calf”, I. Ilf)

Caution (what to do?) - verb;

• initial form - warn;
• morphological features of the verb are constant: perfective, transitive, irrevocative, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphology of part of speech: infinitive;
• syntactic function in a sentence: part of the predicate.

Let him know (what is he doing?) - verb part of speech;

• initial form - know;
• inconsistent verb morphology: imperative, singular, 3rd person;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Violate (what to do?) - the word is a verb;

• initial form - violate;
• constant morphological features: imperfect form, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• inconstant features of the verb: infinitive (initial form);
• syntactic role in context: part of the predicate.

Wait (what will you do?) - part of speech verb;

• initial form - wait;
• constant morphological features: perfective aspect, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Entered (what did you do?) - verb;

• initial form - enter;
• constant morphological features: perfective aspect, irreversible, intransitive, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: past tense, indicative mood, singular, masculine;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.