Izyaslav 1 Yaroslavovich foreign and domestic policy. Prince Izyaslav Yaroslavich
IZYASLAVIYAROSLAVICH
1054-1068, 1069-1073
Izyaslav Yaroslavovich
Izyaslav's reign
Predecessor - Yaroslav the Wise
Heir - Svyatoslav II
Religion - Orthodoxy
Birth - 1025
Death - 1078 Kievan Rus
Rod - Rurikovich
It is known that Izyaslav was married to Gertrude, daughter of the Polish king Mieszko II Lambert
Sons
- Yaropolk - Prince of Volyn and Turov, it is also known that Gertrude calls Yaropolk in her prayer book (the so-called Gertrude's code) his "only son". According to the assumption of A.V. Nazarenko, the Vsevolodkovichs, the rulers of the Goroden principality, descend from him.
Perhaps another unknown woman, perhaps Izyaslav's wife, was the mother of his two more famous sons:
- Svyatopolk (Svyatopolk II) Izyaslavich (-) - Prince of Polotsk (-), Novgorod (-), Turov (1088-), Grand Duke of Kiev (1093-1113), and his descendants in the XII-XIII centuries continued to reign in the ancestral Turov.
- Mstislav - Prince of Novgorod (-).
Daughter
- Eupraxia Izyaslavna, wife of Mieszko Boleslavich, Polish prince (married)
Izyaslav I Yaroslavich (1054-1068,1069-1073,1077-1078)
Father - Grand Duke of Kiev Yaroslav I Vladimirovich (Izyaslav is his eldest son).
Mother - Yaroslav's wife, Swedish princess Ingigerda (baptized Irina).
Izyaslav I Yaroslavich was born in 1024. He received the Great reign of Kiev according to his father’s will immediately after his death in 1054. Then, in accordance with the will of his father, he divided the lands with his brothers: Svyatoslav II Yaroslavich, Prince of Chernigov, who received Tmutarakan, Ryazan, Mur and the lands of the Vyatichi; Vsevolod I Yaroslavich, Prince of Pereyaslavl, who received Rostov, Suzdal, Beloozero and the Volga region, and Igor Yaroslavich, who received Vladimir.
The first ten years of Izyaslav's reign can be called relatively calm, at least they were not overshadowed by any internal strife.
Relations with external neighbors were somewhat worse. Izyaslav went on a campaign against the Latvians and Golds; both trips were successful.
In 1061, the Cumans, steppe nomads who appeared on the southeastern borders of Rus' and ousted the Pechenegs from these places back in 1055, first attacked the territories that belonged to Kievan Rus and defeated the army of Vsevolod I Yaroslavich, Prince of Pereyaslav, brother of Izyaslav. From that time on, raids were repeated constantly, bringing devastation to Rus'.
Izyaslav entered into negotiations with the rebellious prince Vseslav: swearing that he would not cause him any harm, he invited him to his tent. And as has already happened in Russian history, as soon as Vseslav entered Izyaslav’s tent, he and his two sons were immediately captured and sent to a Kyiv prison.
In 1068, during another Polovtsian raid, the army of Izyaslav and his brothers was defeated on the banks of the Alta River. Grand Duke Izyaslav with the remnants of the army returned to Kyiv. His warriors took their defeat seriously: they wanted to fight and demanded that the prince provide them with weapons and horses. Izyaslav was outraged and offended. As a result, he refused to give anything away. The refusal sparked a riot. First of all, the rebels freed Prince Vseslav of Polotsk from prison and proclaimed him “their sovereign.” Izyaslav was forced to flee Kyiv.
Prince Izyaslav went to Poland, where he was well received, since Poland at that time was ruled by King Boleslav II of Poland, the son of Princess Maria, daughter of Grand Duke Vladimir and, therefore, a close relative of Izyaslav.
In 1069, Izyaslav, together with Boleslav II and the Polish army, returned to Rus'. They reached Belgorod unhindered and only then Vseslav came out with troops from Kyiv to meet them. But he did not want to fight, perhaps fearing the superior forces of the enemy or not hoping for the loyalty of the Kievites.
Therefore, one fine night he took off and went to his home in Polotsk, leaving his army to the mercy of fate. The people of Kiev also had no choice but to return back to Kyiv.
Naturally, they (the Kievites) feared the wrath of the legitimate prince, whom they drove out of the city in the most disrespectful manner, and even more they feared the Poles, who already had the opportunity to rule in Kiev back in the time of Yaroslav; father Izyaslav. Therefore, the people of Kiev turned to Izyaslav’s brothers Svyatoslav and Vsevolod for intercession, saying that they would admit their guilt before the Grand Duke and would be glad to see him again in Kiev, but only if he came with a “small squad.” Svyatoslav and Vsevolod acted as intermediaries, and as a result, Izyaslav reigned again in Kyiv.
First of all, Izyaslav hastened to take revenge on Vseslav and took Polotsk by storm. Vseslav, in turn, tried to capture Novgorod, but failed. This senseless war continued for some time with varying success, and Izyaslav’s sons also took an active part in it. As a result, Vseslav managed to regain Polotsk.
At this very time (1071), when the Grand Duke of Kiev was busy with revenge, the Polovtsians, without any obstacle, plundered the villages located along the banks of the Desna.
N.M. Karamzin wrote that “the union of the Yaroslavichs seemed inextricable.” (Karamzin N.M. Decree. Op. T. 2 P. 46.) But this friendship did not last long. Svyatoslav, Prince of Chernigov, apparently was tired of being content with little. In any case, he proved to Vsevolod that their elder brother Izyaslav was conspiring against them with Vseslav of Polotsk behind their backs. These explanations seemed sufficient to Vsevolod, and he united with Svyatoslav against Izyaslav.
In 1073, frightened by this, Izyaslav again fled to Poland.
This time Boleslav II was in no hurry to help him. Izyaslav went further to the German Emperor Henry IV in Mainz. Henry, it seems, was happy to help and even sent an ambassador to Kyiv demanding the return of the throne to the rightful prince and threatening to start a war otherwise. But, on the one hand, Svyatoslav, who seized power in Kiev, gave such gifts to the ambassador and the emperor himself that both were completely delighted, and on the other hand, Henry simply had no real opportunity to send an army to Rus': it was too far, and even his own The German sovereign had enough of his own problems. Izyaslav, however, did not stop there and asked for intercession from the Pope himself, and in return he was ready to accept the Latin faith and even the temporal power of the pope. Pope Gregory VII, famous for his power-hungry ambitions, was very interested and wrote a formal letter to the Polish king Boleslaw II with a request, or rather an order, to support Izyaslav.
But Izyaslav did not need the patronage of the Pope: in 1076, his brother Svyatoslav died, who actually kicked him out of Kyiv. Izyaslav with a small number of Poles (according to the chronicler, there were several thousand of them) returned to Rus'. He met his surviving brother Vsevolod in Volhynia in 1077. Vsevolod proposed to make peace, which was done.
So Izyaslav returned to Kyiv, and his brother Vsevolod became the Prince of Chernigov. But Izyaslav’s reign this time was short-lived.
The internecine turmoil continued: the next generation of princes, Izyaslav’s nephews, did not want to wait until the older generation simply grew old and died, and they also sought power.
In 1078, Prince Oleg Svyatoslavich, the son of Svyatoslav P Yaroslavich, together with Boris Vyacheslavich, hired the Polovtsians, crossed the borders of the Chernigov principality and defeated Vsevolod's troops. Vsevolod fled to Kyiv to Izyaslav. Izyaslav hastened to come to the aid of his brother, equipped troops and went to Chernigov. The battle took place under the walls of Chernigov. Grand Duke Izyaslav died in it.
Izyaslav made an addition to "Russian Truth", a collection of civil laws introduced by his father Yaroslav. This addition is called "Izyaslav's Truth". In accordance with it, the death penalty was abolished in Rus'.
During the reign of Izyaslav, the famous Kiev-Pechersk Monastery was founded, which is still in operation today.
The chronicler Nestor wrote that Izyaslav had a “pleasant face and majestic figure, no less adorned with a quiet disposition, loved the truth, hated crookedness.”
To this N.M. Karamzin noted that “Izyaslav was as cowardly as he was soft-hearted: he wanted the throne and did not know how to firmly sit on it.”
Izyaslav was the eldest son of Yaroslav I Vladimirovich, Grand Duke of Kyiv, and the Swedish princess Ingigerda, named Irina after baptism. Izyaslav was born in 1024. After the death of his father in 1054, he became the heir to the Principality of Kyiv and at the same time divided the lands between his brothers Svyatoslav II, Vsevolod I and Igor, according to the will of his father. The first years of Izyaslav's reign were not particularly tense, although he did undertake several campaigns against external enemies. And within Rus' there were no internecine wars for ten years.
Izyaslav's struggle for power
Beginning in 1067, the idyll ended. The Troubles were initiated by the Polotsk prince Vseslav, who believed that by law and by kinship he had the right to reign in Kyiv, since he was the great-grandson of the Grand Duke of Kyiv Vladimir. Vseslav provocatively attacked Novgorod, took it and plundered it, although Novgorod was in the legal possession of Izyaslav.
Izyaslav called his brothers for help, and together they went to war against Vseslav. The brothers won the battle with him on the Neman, but Vseslav managed to escape. Izyaslav offered to negotiate with him, inviting him to his tent. But as soon as the delegation (Vseslav and his two sons) appeared in the tent, they were immediately arrested and sent to prison.
Conflict between Izyaslav and his squad. Escape to Poland
In the next Polovtsian raid (1068), Izyaslav and his brothers were defeated on the river. Alte. Izyaslav led the remnants of the army back to Kyiv. But his warriors, having a hard time experiencing the defeat, in a very rude manner began to demand horses and weapons from the prince in order to go to war again. Outraged by the impudent tone of the ultimatum, Izyaslav refused to comply with the demands of his squad. This provoked a rebellion in its ranks, as a result of which the rebels rescued Vseslav from prison and even declared him their sovereign. Izyaslav had to quickly leave Kyiv. In Poland, where he went, he was received well, because the king there was Boleslav II, a relative of Izyaslav.
Return of Izyaslav to Rus'
Izyaslav, in alliance with Boleslav and his army, returned to his homeland (1069). Vseslav allowed them to reach Belgorod unhindered, and then with his army he went to meet them. But he did not start a battle, either fearing the superior forces of the Polish army, or doubting the loyalty of the Kievites. He simply abandoned his squad and returned to his Polotsk, and the Kievans abandoned by the “sovereign” were forced to return to their home in Kyiv. Through the mediation of Izyaslav's brothers - Svyatoslav and Vsevolod - they admitted their guilt and asked the Grand Duke to return to reign in Kyiv. So Izyaslav regained his power in the capital.
Izyaslav's revenge. New escape
Wanting to take revenge on Vseslav, Izyaslav captured Polotsk (1071). Vseslav responded by attempting to take Novgorod, but to no avail. As a result of several clashes, Vseslav still managed to regain Polotsk. While the Russian princes were sorting out their relationship, the Polovtsians were destroying villages along the banks of the Desna. The Chernigov prince Svyatoslav convinced Vsevolod that their brother Izyaslav had gone over to the side of Vseslav of Polotsk and was preparing a conspiracy against the brothers. Vsevolod and Svyatoslav eventually united against Izyaslav.
Izyaslav again fled to Poland (1073). But Boleslav was in no hurry to help this time. Then Izyaslav turned to Emperor Henry IV (Germany). He made an attempt to help. He sent his messenger to Kyiv with an ultimatum: if you don’t return power to the rightful prince, we will start a war with you. Svyatoslav, who was sitting in Kyiv, went to bribe the ambassador and Emperor Henry. Having received generous gifts, Henry did not send his troops to Rus'. Izyaslav then turned to the Pope for intercession. But the petition of Pope Gregory the Seventh was not needed.
Again in Kyiv
In 1076, Izyaslav’s brother Svyatoslav, who had once overthrown him from the Kyiv throne, died. Izyaslav returned to Kyiv, and in 1077 he made peace with his brother Vsevolod, concluding peace with him. But peace in the country did not last long. Izyaslav’s nephews, who also sought power, became involved in the internecine wars. The year 1078 brought the following events: book. Oleg Svyatoslavovich and Boris Vyacheslavovich hired the Polovtsians, came to Chernigov and defeated Vsevolod’s troops. Vsevolod fled to Izyaslav in Kyiv. He immediately headed to Chernigov. The battle took place near the city walls. Prince Izyaslav died in this battle.
Izyaslav's trace in history
As a statesman, Izyaslav supplemented the Russian Pravda, a collection of civil laws introduced by his father Yaroslav. These additions are called “Izyaslav’s Truth,” according to which the death penalty was prohibited in Rus'. The founding of the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery, which is still famous today, is also the merit of Izyaslav.
Izyaslav I Yaroslavovich
Grand Duke of Kyiv.
Years of life: 1024-1078
Reign: 1054-1078
Father - Grand Duke. Mother - Swedish Princess Ingigerda (baptized Irina).
Izyaslav(baptized Demetrius) was born in 1024. During his father’s life he owned Turov land. After his death in 1054, according to his will, he received the Great Principality of Kiev. By the will of his father, he divided the lands between his brothers: Prince of Chernigov Svyatoslav II Yaroslavovich Tmutarakan, Ryazan, Murom, the lands of the Vyatichi; Prince of Pereyaslavl Vsevolod I Yaroslavovich Rostov, Suzdal, Beloozero, Volga region; Igor Yaroslavovich Vladimir.
Board of Izyaslav Yaroslavovich
The people of Kiev did not like Izyaslav. In 1068, when the Polovtsians began to plunder Southern Rus', they turned to him with a request to give them weapons. Izyaslav refused. The indignant Kievans freed Prince Vseslav from prison and proclaimed them their prince. Izyaslav was forced to flee to Poland. In 1069 he regained the grand-ducal table. 
In 1073, the younger brothers Svyatoslav and Vsevolod entered into a conspiracy against Izyaslav. Svyatoslav captured Kyiv, and Izyaslav again fled to Poland, from where he was expelled by the Polish authorities, who entered into an alliance with Svyatoslav and Vsevolod. Izyaslav went to Germany for help from Emperor Henry IV, but was refused.
Prince Izyaslav Yaroslavovich
In December 1076, the sudden death of Svyatoslav Yaroslavovich put an end to Izyaslav’s wanderings and he regained the reign of Kiev. Having made peace with his brother, Vsevolod retired to Chernigov (1077).
In 1078, their nephews rebelled against their uncles: Oleg Svyatoslavovich, who laid claim to the Chernigov table, and Boris Vyacheslavovich, an outcast prince. A new internecine war has begun. The Yaroslavovich coalition won, but by the end of the battle Izyaslav was wounded in the shoulder by a spear and died (October 3, 1078). Oleg fled, Boris was killed. This battle on Nezhatina Niva and the death of Izyaslav are mentioned in the Tale of Igor’s Campaign.
Izyaslav founded the Dimitrovsky Monastery in Kyiv and allocated land for the Kiev Pechersky Monastery.
According to the descriptions of the chronicler Nestor, Izyaslav looked like: “Izyaslav was a husband with a handsome face and great stature, a gentle disposition, he hated liars, and loved the truth. There was no cunning in him, but he was straightforward, and did not return evil for evil.”
It is also known that he was married to Gertrude, daughter of the Polish king Mieszko II.
Buried Izyaslav Yaroslavovich in the Hagia Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv.
- (1024 78) Grand Duke of Kiev (1054 68, 1069 73, 1077 78). Expelled from Kyiv (by the uprising of 1068 and by his brothers in 1073); regained power with the help of foreign troops. Participated in the compilation of Russian Pravda (Pravda Yaroslavichs) ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (in baptism Demetrius) led. book Kyiv, son of Yaroslav Vladimirovich, b. in 1024, killed on October 3, 1079. According to his father’s behest, Izyaslav, as the eldest, was supposed to be for his younger brothers instead of his father; he received the Kiev table and Novgorod, in which... ... Large biographical encyclopedia
- (1024 1078), Grand Duke of Kiev (1054 68, 1069 73, 1077 78). Son of Yaroslav the Wise. Expelled from Kyiv by rebel townspeople (1068) and brothers (1073); regained power with the help of foreign troops. Participated in the compilation of Russian Truth... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
- (1024 10/3/1078) Prince of Turov, from 1054 Grand Duke of Kiev, eldest son of Yaroslav the Wise. I. Ya. is one of the three compilers of the Yaroslavich Truth. As a result of a popular uprising in Kyiv, he was overthrown (1068) and fled to Poland. At 1069 s... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- (1024 1078) Prince of Turov, led from 1054. book Kyiv, eldest son of Yaroslav the Wise. As a result, people rebellion was overthrown (1068); More than once I turned to Germany for help. Emperor, Polish to the king and to the Pope, in 1077 he again captured Kiev... Soviet historical encyclopedia
Izyaslav Yaroslavich- (1024 78) led. Prince of Kyiv, Art. son of Yaroslav the Wise. One of the three compilers of the Yaroslavich Pravda. Until 1054 he reigned in Turov. According to his father's line, Kyiv received seniority over his brothers (1054). In the first years of Ivan's reign, the alliance with his brothers was maintained. But … Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary
Izyaslav Yaroslavich- IZYASLAV YAROSLAVICH (102478), Grand Duke of Kiev in 105468, 106973, 107778. Son of Yaroslav the Wise. Expelled from Kyiv by the rebel townspeople (1068) and br. Svyatoslav and Vsevolod (1073). Participated in the compilation of the Russian... ... Biographical Dictionary
The request "Izyaslav Yaroslavich" is redirected here; see also other meanings. Izyaslav Yaroslavich (baptized Dimitri, born: 1024, Novgorod † October 3, 1078, Nezhatina Niva, near Chernigov) Grand Duke of Kiev in 1054 1068, 1069 1073 and from 1077 ... Wikipedia
Izyaslav Yaroslavich (died in February 1196) son of Yaroslav Izyaslavich, great-grandson of Mstislav the Great. He died in February 1196 and was buried in the Kyiv Church of St. Theodore. When writing this article, material from the Encyclopedic Dictionary was used... ... Wikipedia
Izyaslav Yaroslavich is the son of Yaroslav Vladimirovich, Prince of Novgorod. Sent by his father in 1197 to reign in Velikiye Luki, he died the following year... Biographical Dictionary
Books
- History of the Russian State in 12 volumes (DVDmp3), Karamzin Nikolai Mikhailovich. The publication contains the famous “History of the Russian State”, written by an outstanding Russian poet, prose writer and historian, a member of the Russian Academy (1818), an honorary member of the St. Petersburg...
Prince Izyaslav
To the extent that a person overcomes fear, he is a person.
T. Carlyle
After the death of Yaroslav the Wise in 1054, the Kiev and Novgorod thrones went to his eldest son Izyaslav. The remaining areas were distributed among the four brothers. Thus, Svyatoslav received the lands of Chernigov, Murom and Tmutarakan under his control. Vsevolod ruled in Pereyaslav, as well as all the Volga lands. Vyacheslav got the Smolensk lands, and Igor ruled Vladimir-Volynsky. In Polotsk, Vseslav, the son of Izyaslav, the elder brother of Yaroslav the Wise, ruled, who became the culprit of a new internecine war in Kievan Rus.
New internecine war
The reason for the new internecine war was the confusion of the system of succession to the throne. Prince Izyaslav inherited the throne according to the Byzantine system that came to Rus', according to which only a direct relative (son after father, etc.) could inherit the throne, bypassing all others. Prince Izyaslav was the eldest son of Yaroslav, and, according to the Byzantine system of inheritance that came to Rus', he was the only heir to the Kyiv throne. The inheritance system of ancient Rus' was direct inheritance to the elders in the clan, when the inheritance was received not by the son, but by the elder brother. This is exactly what Vseslav took advantage of and declared that he had more rights to the Kiev throne than anyone else.
Vseslav organized a campaign to seize power. His goal fell on Novgorod. The united army of the Yaroslavichs, which included Prince Izyaslav Yaroslavovich, Svyatoslav and Vsevolod, defeated Vseslav’s army. After the battle, Izyaslav invited Vseslav to his tent for negotiations. During the negotiations, Vseslav was arrested. The prisoner was sent to Kyiv and put in prison. Vseslav did not stay there long. In 1067, Prince Izyaslav was defeated in a battle with the Polovtsians. The defeat was difficult. The Kiev people demanded from their sovereign that he distribute weapons to the people and go with them on a new campaign against the Polovtsians. The ruler of Kyiv refused this. The townspeople perceived this as cowardice and cowardice. As a result, an uprising broke out in Kyiv, as a result of which the city residents freed Vseslav and declared him their prince.
Restoring power
Izyaslav was then forced to flee the capital. He fled to Poland, where he asked for help from the Polish king Boleslav 2nd. The Polish monarch, who always showed a desire to influence Kievan Rus, not only allocated an army to Izyaslav, but also personally led it. The Polish army was very powerful. Vseslav gathered a Russian army and advanced to meet the enemy, but seeing a huge number of Polish soldiers, he fled, leaving his squad. So Boleslav the Second and Izyaslav approached Kyiv. The townspeople were in no hurry to open the city gates and were preparing for battle with the enemy. They may have been ready to admit the fact that Prince Izyaslav Yaroslavovich was the legitimate ruler of Kyiv, but the sight of the Polish army did not allow them to do this. The atrocities committed in Kyiv by the father of the current king of Poland, Boleslav the First, as well as Svyatopolk the Accursed, were fresh in the memory of many. Hoping to avoid bloodshed, the people of Kiev went to the princes Svyatoslav and Vsevolod, who were called to Kyiv to protect the city. Brotherly feelings were strong. The princes, not wanting to quarrel with their elder brother, went to negotiate with him. After these negotiations, Izyaslav agreed to enter Kyiv and become its ruler.
Prince Izyaslav Yaroslavovich, after restoring his power, decided to punish the invader Vsevolod and went against him. He captured Polotsk and installed his son as ruler there. Several times after this the city of Polotsk passed from the hands of Izyaslav to the hands of Vseslav and vice versa, until In 1077, near the city of Chernigov, Prince Izyaslav Yaroslavovich was not killed in one of the internecine wars, leaving behind three sons: Svyatopolk, Mstislav and Yaropolk.
