Fipi exam in history demo version. Purpose of KIM Unified State Examination

Codifier is a list of works, skills, knowledge and definitions necessary to successfully pass the final exam in literature. This guide for teachers and students is published annually by FIPI, so that we can narrow down our searches and focus on the information that will definitely be useful at hour X. This list contains the main elements that make up literary criticism, that is, the necessary terms and information from the history of science. They are needed to conduct a competent and in-depth analysis of books. It is the skill of analysis that is tested in tasks 16 and 17, where the student must give extended answers to questions, reason and give arguments from what he has read.

What do you need to read to pass the exam? The list of works for the Unified State Exam in 2018 is also attached to the codifier. It turns out that not all the books that are taken at school will be needed for the final test. Only a few (and not the most difficult) of them made it onto the list. Therefore, the preparation stage dedicated to “re-reading” will not take long, given the fact that the bulk of the necessary literature has been completed quite recently and has not yet had time to be forgotten. Thus, a graduate needs a codifier to save time and direct his efforts in the right direction. Use it as a fundamental and generally accepted guide to self-study.

It is worth noting that the books chosen for the exam are not the most difficult ones. For example, the universally disliked Doctor Zhivago is found in variants extremely rarely, since its study in the codifier of works is called “review”, that is, there will not be a full-scale test of knowledge of the content of this novel. In addition, in some cases, you can choose a novel. For example, from Bulgakov’s prose, a student may prefer either “The Master and Margarita” or “The White Guard”. You don't have to read both novels, just choose the simpler one. Thus, the list of books for the Unified State Exam in Literature is very useful information for those who want to minimize the time spent on preparation.

Poems from the codifier

The program does not include many poems, which also makes the preparation process easier. All these poems are connected thematically. Therefore, systematic reading of them guarantees the absence of problems with task 16, where you need to select similar works by analogy and tell what they have in common with the one given in the question. Of course, you don’t need to learn them by heart, but you can make thematic selections of poetic works for yourself and write down your impressions of each of them.

1. V.A. Zhukovsky: “Sea”, Ballad “Svetlana”
2. A.S. Pushkin. Pushkin's lyrics: “Village”, “Prisoner”, “In the depths of the Siberian ores...”, “Poet”, “To Chaadaev”, “Song of the prophetic Oleg”, “To the sea”, “Nanny”, “K***” (“I remember a wonderful moment...”), “October 19” (“The forest drops its crimson attire...”), “Prophet”, “Winter Road”, “Anchar”, “On the hills of Georgia lies the darkness of the night...”, “I loved you: love still, perhaps...", "Winter Morning", "Demons", "Conversation of a Bookseller with a Poet", "Cloud", "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands...", "The daylight has gone out...", "Desert Sower of Freedom ...”, “Imitations of the Koran” (IX. “And the tired traveler grumbled at God ...”), “Elegy”, (“The fading fun of crazy years ...”), “... I visited again...”. Poem "The Bronze Horseman".
3. M.Yu. Lermontov: “No, I’m not Byron, I’m different...”, “Clouds”, “Beggar”, “From under a mysterious, cold half-mask...”, “Sail”, “Death of a Poet”, “Borodino”, “When the yellowing one worries Niva...", "Duma", "Poet" ("My dagger shines with a golden finish..."), "Three Palms", "Prayer" ("In a difficult moment of life..."), "Both boring and sad", "No, It’s not you that I love so passionately...", "Motherland", "Dream" ("In the midday heat in the valley of Dagestan..."), "Prophet", "How often, surrounded by a motley crowd...", "Valerik", "I go out alone on the road…". Poem "Song about... merchant Kalashnikov." Poem "Mtsyri".
4. ON THE. Nekrasov: “Troika”, “I don’t like your irony...”, “Railroad”, “On the Road”, “Yesterday, at about six o’clock...”, “You and I are stupid people...”, “The Poet and the Citizen”, “Elegy” (“Let changing fashion tell us…”), “O Muse! I’m at the door of the coffin...” Poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”
5. A.A. Fet: “The dawn says goodbye to the earth...”, “With one push, drive away a living boat...”, “Evening”, “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch...”, “This morning, this joy...”, “Whisper, timid breathing ...", "The night was shining. The garden was full of moonlight. They were lying...", "It was still a May night."
6. A.A. Block: “Stranger”, “Russia”, “Night, street, lantern, pharmacy...”, “In a restaurant”, “The river spreads out. Flows, lazily sad...” (from the cycle “On the Kulikovo Field”), “On the Railway”, “I Enter Dark Temples...”, “Factory”, “Rus”, “About Valor, About Deeds, About Glory...” , “Oh, I want to live crazy…”. Poem "Twelve"
7. V.V. Mayakovsky: “Could you?”, “Listen!”, “Violin and a little nervously”, “Lilichka!”, “Anniversary”, “Getting to sit up”, “Here!”, “Good attitude towards horses”, “An extraordinary adventure , who was with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha”, “Giveaway sale”, “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”. Poem "Cloud in Pants"
8. S.A. Yesenin: “Go you, Rus', my dear!..”, “Don’t wander, don’t crush in the crimson bushes...”, “Now we are leaving little by little...”, “Letter to the mother,” “The feather grass is sleeping. Dear plain...", "You are my Shagane, Shagane...", "I do not regret, I do not call, I do not cry...", "Soviet Rus'", "The road was thinking about the red evening...", "The hewn horns began to sing...", "Rus" , “Pushkin”, “I am walking through the valley. On the back of the head is a cap...", "A low house with blue shutters..."
9. M.I. Tsvetaeva: “To my poems, written so early...”, “Poems to Blok” (“Your name is a bird in the hand...”), “Who is created from stone, who is created from clay...”, “Longing for the homeland! A long time ago...", "Books in red binding", "To Grandmother", "Seven hills - like seven bells!.." (from the series "Poems about Moscow")
10. O.E. Mandelstam: “Notre Dame”, “Insomnia. Homer. Tight sails...", "For the explosive valor of the coming centuries...", "I returned to my city, familiar to tears..."
11. A.A. Akhmatova: “Song of the last meeting”, “Clenched my hands under a dark veil...”, “I don’t need anything
    odic army...", "I had a voice. He called comfortingly...", "Native Land", "Tear-stained autumn, like a widow...", "Seaside Sonnet", "Before spring there are days like this...", "I am not with those who abandoned the earth...", "Poems about St. Petersburg ", "Courage". Poem "Requiem".
12. B.L. Pasternak: “February. Get some ink and cry!..”, “Definition of poetry”, “I want to achieve everything...”, “Hamlet”, “Winter Night” (“It’s chalk, it’s chalk all over the earth...”), “There will be no one in the house... “,” “It’s snowing,” “About these poems,” “Loving others is a heavy cross...”, “Pines,” “Hoarfrost,” “July.”
13. Poems by at least three authors of your choice: B.A. Akhmadulina, I.A. Brodsky, A.A. Voznesensky, V.S. Vysotsky, E.A. Evtushenko, N.A. Zabolotsky, Yu.P. Kuznetsov, L.N. Martynov, B.Sh. Okudzhava, N.M. Rubtsov, D.S. Samoilov, B.A. Slutsky, V.N. Sokolov, V.A. Soloukhin, A.A. Tarkovsky.
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The Unified State Examination in history is necessary for students who plan to continue their studies in, and have already chosen for themselves the field of jurisprudence and law, sociology, art history, cultural studies, design or architecture. Despite the popularity of this subject among graduates, passing history is quite difficult - simply cramming historical dates and memorizing the names of famous personalities will not help you in this discipline.

To successfully pass the exam, students must operate with historical facts, express their opinions in a reasoned manner, and understand the causes and consequences of events. Your assessment largely depends on how well you know the structure of CMMs and innovations in the latest type of tickets, so let's take a closer look at this issue.

When passing the Unified State Exam in history, stupid memorization of facts will not help you!

Demo version of the Unified State Exam-2018

Unified State Exam dates in history

The final dates on which the Unified State Exam will be held will become known only in January 2018. Until this moment, specialists from Rosobrnadzor will have to agree on the Unified State Examination schedule for all subjects that are selected for examination control. However, today it is possible to outline the approximate periods allocated for the final examination in history in 2018:

• On March 22, 2018, the early stage of the examination starts, which will last until mid-April. Strictly regulated categories of graduates can take part in early Unified State Examinations - for example, children who graduated from a general education institution a year or two ago, underachieving students from previous years, as well as graduates of evening schools. Guys who do not intend to go to university this year, but plan to first serve in the university, can sign up for the early exam. Schoolchildren who change their place of residence, leaving Russia for personal reasons or to study at a foreign university, can register for the early history test. The exception also includes schoolchildren who will be absent from the Unified State Examination on the main dates for valid reasons. Among such reasons, the Ministry of Education includes participation in sports, cultural or scientific events, as well as treatment or rehabilitation in medical institutions;
• The main examination period will begin on May 28, 2018. Testing in all subjects will last until the beginning of June;
• from September 4, 2018, the schedule will include days allocated for additional exams.

Statistics for passing the Unified State Exam in history

Static displays confirm that the story is very popular among eleventh graders. However, the complexity of this exam has led to a reduction in the number of graduates taking it. In 2017, 110 thousand schoolchildren took the exam (21% of all students), which is 49 thousand less than in 2016.

The success rate of passing the Unified State Exam in this subject has increased significantly - only 8.7% of students did not overcome the minimum threshold of 32 points, which is almost two times less than last year’s indicators (15.9%). Only 96 guys managed to get the highest score. On average, this exam was passed with 46.7-48.2 points in 2016-2017, which corresponds to the school level of three.

Innovations in the Unified State Examination in History

So far, no fundamental changes have been observed in the structure and content of historical CIMs. Of course, graduates of 2018 are interested in the question of whether history will be included in the list of mandatory exams for obtaining a certificate. Rumors that this particular Unified State Exam could be added to the list of mandatory exams have been circulating since 2014. Officials representing the Ministry of Education and Science disseminated information last year that the introduction of the third compulsory exam should be expected in 2018.

Most specialists from the relevant commissions considered that history is the best choice in this regard, because modern students’ knowledge of the history of their country is frankly poor. However, graduates of the 2017/2918 academic year can breathe a sigh of relief. According to Olga Vasilyeva, head of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, history will indeed become the third compulsory Unified State Exam, but this will happen only in 2020.

Regulations for the Unified State Exam in History

235 minutes are allotted for working with the examination paper. The actions of students are strictly regulated, and a list of permitted and prohibited items is approved. You cannot use any additional materials during history - before students are allowed into the classroom, they will have to empty their pockets of foreign objects, which include not only crib sheets, but also smartphones, cameras, headphones, tablets, smart watches and any other equipment, which will be immediately detected by the metal detector frame.

Examinees are prohibited from changing seats, talking with neighbors, turning their heads in the hope of peeking at the answer, or leaving the classroom without the permission of a special member of the supervisory committee. A representative of the organizing committee must accompany schoolchildren to the first aid station or toilet room. Any action prohibited by the regulations will result in the graduate being removed from the classroom and his test being cancelled.

What is included in the history ticket?

KIMs cover the content of the school course on the history of Russia from ancient times to the present day. In addition, the tickets include activities from world history covering wars, diplomatic aspects, cultural milestones and economic relationships between countries. A distinctive feature of this Unified State Exam is a huge range of tasks that test knowledge of facts and dates, as well as identifying the extent to which students have analytical and information and communication skills. To successfully pass the Unified State Exam, schoolchildren must:

• carry out systematization of historical facts;
• establish relationships of cause-and-effect and structural nature;
• apply in practice skills in working with texts, tables, illustrations and maps;
• argue your opinion using historical facts.

KIMs in history are structurally represented by 25 tasks, divided into two parts:

• part 1 – 19 tasks in which students must choose and write down the correct answers, based on the proposed list; arrange these elements in a certain sequence; match or briefly record the answer as a specific term, date, or name. In total, for this part of the work you can get 31 primary points (56.4% of all points for the ticket);
• Part 2 – 6 tasks requiring a detailed answer. Tasks of this type allow us to identify and evaluate the complex skills and knowledge of students. So, in tasks No. 20-22 you need to provide a historical source, extracting and analyzing the information received. In tasks 23 to 25 you will have to study historical processes and phenomena, demonstrate the techniques of cause-and-effect, structural-functional, temporal and spatial analysis, in tasks 23 and 24 - analyze the specified historical situation, and in task 25 - write a short essay on historical topic, choosing one of three periods in the history of Russia. In total, for this part of the work you can get 24 primary points (43.6% of all points for the ticket).

The maximum initial score for the entire work is 55.

The work can be completed within 235 minutes. Experts from FIPI recommend distributing time as follows:

• Allow from 3 to 7 minutes for each task from part 1;
• to complete the tasks from part 2 (not counting the essay) it will take from 5 to 20 minutes;
• for task number 25 (essay) – from 40 to 80 minutes.

Assessing the Unified State Examination in History

Starting from last year, the points that an eleventh-grader received for the Unified State Exam have an impact on the certificate. The maximum score that can be obtained for this exam is 100. If we translate the scoring into the school knowledge assessment system, the picture looks something like this:

• if a student scores 0-31 points, then he does not know the subject and receives a “D”;
• 32-49 points are identical to the mark “three”;
• 50-67 points scored for the test allow you to receive a grade of “four”;
• 68 points and above are considered “excellent”.

Students who want to enroll in higher education must obtain a minimum score of 32 on the test, but this is far from a guarantee of admission. To pass on a budget, most universities require that history be passed with at least 70 points. If we are talking about prestigious educational institutions, then in this case the student is required to have a certificate with 87 points or higher.

How to prepare for the exam?

Preparing for the Unified State Exam in history is not just cramming dates and names that appear in the school course. This subject involves a significant creative component, so that every event that happened in the history of Russia or the world is worth not only memorizing, but also comprehending its causes and consequences.

However, you shouldn’t neglect the structural component of the ticket either - if you take too long to figure out how the ticket is built and how to enter answers to tasks, you will lose valuable time. To practice filling out KIMs and understand what wording and historical milestones you will encounter in the 2018 exam, work through the demo version of the ticket (see links at the beginning of the article).

Naturally, there is no need to memorize the demo version - the real ticket will differ significantly from the examples both in content and content, although in general the tasks are quite similar. In addition, when during the exam you receive a ticket that is at least roughly familiar to you, you will not be nervous and worry that you will not understand it and will mess up something when completing tasks.

Essay requirements

Preparation for task No. 25 plays a huge role. Experts from FIPI advise students to familiarize themselves with the topics of essays from previous years, and then prepare a short text on each of them. Follow the scheme developed by the methodologists so as not to miss any of the structural parts of the essay:

• introduction– in this part it is necessary to outline the framework of the selected historical period;
• main part– here you will have to describe several phenomena or events that became significant for the specified period of time. In this part, the student must mention two historical figures who played important roles in the events described and reveal their influence on this historical period. Next, you need to analyze the cause-and-effect relationships between events and the consequences to which they led;
• conclusions– the part in which you need to give a general assessment of the selected period.

The commission will evaluate the essay based on the following criteria:

• correctness of the specified events (2 points);
• correct choice of historical figures and competent definition of their role (2 points);
• accuracy of the causes and consequences of certain historical events (3 points);
• correct assessment of the influence of this historical period on the future fate of Russia (1 point);

“History is not a teacher, but an edifier, a mentor of life; it doesn’t teach anything, but only punishes for not knowing the lessons,” believed the great Russian historian V.O. Klyuchevsky. Let's not make mistakes, but start learning the 2018 Unified State Exam lessons by studying the new demo version of the exam.

The Unified State Examination in history has become more difficult!

In August 2018, FIPI published new guidelines for preparing graduates for the Unified State Exam. Among the many subjects whose basic documents have undergone major changes, a new approach is now needed in preparation for history. Moreover, these are the changes that significantly complicate the exam itself, which is already quite specific!

The Unified State Examination results in history for 2018 remained at the same level. This year More than 750,000 thousand schoolchildren throughout the Russian Federation took the Unified State Exam. 650,000 thousand people are graduates of this year.

This year the number of canceled jobs has decreased significantly. For the entire period of the Unified State Exam from exams about 400 people were removed, more than half of them tried to use a mobile phone.

The average score in 2018 is 60 points. Passed the exam 130000 thousand people, 1.5% more than in 2017. 260 people scored the maximum number of points, and 9% were unable to pass the exam.

And here is our experience in preparing graduates for the Unified State Exam 2018:

Demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history

So, the codifier - the list of topics tested on the Unified State Examination has not changed, since the old standards for graduates of 2018 remain in force, as well as demo version— the structure and level of complexity, the types of tasks offered, have changed in many ways. Let's pay attention to demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history!

What are the main changes in the Unified State Exam 2019 in history?

In fact, there are no changes in the quality level of the tasks. Nothing has changed in Part 1. A small revision of the assessment criterion for task 21 (to the source text).

Unlike the OGE materials (for grade 9), no test part. More precisely. she is not in the usual form in which we are used to seeing her! You cannot choose one correct answer from the four proposed. Now you need to clearly know the sequence of events, the term, and, most importantly, not only know the main historical sources on the history of the country, but also be able to interpret them, tie them to events and draw conclusions! Here's an example of how it started.

Everything is simple, if you know what happened in 1240, and you know the rules for converting years to centuries (you add one to the first two digits of a four-digit number and you get the desired century), then answer 3.

Battle of the Neva 1242(12 +1) = XIII century

Now things have become more complicated. Here's the first question 2018 demos:

Question 1 of the demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history

The question is not only about knowledge of dates, but rather about the ability to compare entire eras chronologically. So, if you don’t know the exact date:

Then you can “link” this date to history and remember that these events are directly related to the creation and approval of the ideological concept

Theory "Moscow - the Third Rome".

That is, even not knowing the exact events of world history should not confuse you. Although, we note that this becomes a necessary competency!

As we will see, continuing our analysis of the 2019 demo version, there are more work assignments, with the block of assignments with maps and illustrative material (complicated, as a rule, for a graduate) remaining the same volume. And especially since 2017, the written part 2 has become more complicated. Thus, instead of the task that has become familiar to everyone, a HISTORICAL ESSAY has been introduced, about which we will discuss separately

Let's start analyzing the demo!

Now let's go through the tasks in order, some of which we already encountered in the old demo version of 2016, and some either changed the numbering or a completely new task.

The task is a little more complicated (6 options to choose from instead of the previous 5), but in this content it should not pose a threat. If you don’t know these key dates, then why go to the Unified State Examination in History at all?

To make it easier to remember even such dates, you can turn on associative memory, remember literary works, paintings that tell about the event.

Answer: 2643.

The third question is similar, but here it is not the correspondence of a set of phenomena, but a general series. The knowledge of terms characterizing the phenomena of one of the periods of the country's history (in this case, the 19th century) and the ability to isolate a term that falls out of the general series are tested.

THE TASK HAS CHANGED! And it’s complicated, you need to give 2 answers!

Question 3 of the demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history

Free farmers, ministries, Decembrists, military settlements characterize the period of reign of Alexander I and Nicholas I (1801-1855). Justices of the peace- the result of the judicial reform of Alexander II (1855-1881). And here June 3rd coup- the event of 1907 that completed the First Russian Revolution (1905-1907).

Answer: 46.

The change in the electoral system in the Third State Duma in favor of the government is one of the results of the dissolution of the Second Duma without its consent (which actually violated the Basic Laws of the Russian Empire of 1906), and therefore coup. The Octobrists are the political party “Union of October 17th”, key participants in the events associated with the first stage of Russian parliamentarism at the beginning of the twentieth century (1906-1917).

So, if you know that Tsar Ivan IV divided during the years of the oprichnina (1665-1672) into the oprichnina proper and ZEMSHCHINA, you will write this term, if not... Alas! Answer: ZEMSHCHINA. More details

This task is more difficult than the compliance task No. 2, here you not only need knowledge of the facts (that, for example, in line with the policy of “Enlightened absolutism” of Catherine the Great, there was the convening of the Statutory Commission of 1767).

P.S. There was NO battle at the Dubosekovo crossing!!! A typical fragment of propaganda and history of the country as its component!

Certificate-report of the Chief Military Prosecutor N. Afanasyev “About 28 Panfilovites”

Another matching question, this time between historical figures and the events in which they took part.

Question 9 of the demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history

Selection method: in the Battle of the Ice in 1242, Saint Alexander Nevsky defeated the Teutons, the commander in the Livonian War was a friend, and then enemy of Ivan the Terrible, Andrei Kurbsky.

The cavalry of Peter I in the Battle of Poltava in 1709 was commanded by his comrade-in-arms Menshikov, and the Soviet commander Mikhail Frunze defeated the troops of Baron Wrangel in the Crimea in 1820 during the final phase of the Civil War (1918-1922). The question does not seem difficult, although it is also slightly complicated by one more extra answer option.

Answer: 4356.

This is a typical question on the ability to analyze a source. The logic of reasoning could be as follows: 1) This is the period of the USSR. 2) Only the leaders of the country, N.S., left behind memories (memoirs). Khrushchev. 3) “I criticized Stalin...” Let us remember the 20th Party Congress in 1956. 4) For verification. Indeed, from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev held the post of both the leader of the party (First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee) and the head of government and state (Chairman of the Council of Ministers), as the text says.

The main thing when working with texts is to highlight semantic markers! Read more about the principles of working with texts on the Unified State Exam in History

11 THE TASK HAS CHANGED in the content part! And it’s more complicated, it requires quite deep knowledge of GENERAL HISTORY (Third Crusade, how do you like it?)!

Here's what happened in 2016:

And here's what happened:

Question 11 of the demo version of the Unified State Exam 2018 in history

Here you need to pay attention to the Unified State Exam codifier in history, which, along with the topics necessary to prepare for the exam, contains a list of events and processes in world history that can be tested on the Unified State Exam. And, often, they are not directly related to the history of Russia.

Codifier of the Unified State Examination in History 2019. List of verifiable events in World History

And, of course, you need not only to know the dates, according to Russian history, first of all, but also, thinking, to make associations: Monomakh went to Crusade of 1111? Yes! This means that around this time there were Crusades in Europe. Simultaneously with the abolition of serfdom in Russia in 1861, the Civil War was going on in the United States, and Lincoln abolished slavery!

In my opinion, the greatest events in the world at the present time are, on the one hand, the American slave movement, which began with the death of Brown, and, on the other hand, the slave movement in Russia.

About the Reformation, sorry, I won’t talk about it now

Question 11 of the demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history. ANSWER

A more complex question of analyzing a source requires not only the ability to work with it, but also to rely on known facts that are not directly indicated in the source. As we can see, the historical context accompanying this telegram is the Kornilov rebellion (August) of 1917.

So, it is clear that events are already taking place in the situation of revolutionary upheavals in 1917, option 1 is not correct. The month of August, the Provisional Government is still in power, and not the Bolshevik Council of People's Commissars of the Council of People's Commissars) - the result of their achievements of the October Revolution. Option 2 is not correct. But it wouldn’t have existed if Kornilov had been luckier. His plans to suppress the revolution failed. Option 5 is also incorrect.

Question 13 of the demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history.

So, first of all, when analyzing the map, we pay attention to what we see: their names, Russian campaigns in the territory of a single Russian state... We conclude that on the map we see the first stage of the history of Russia, and the events associated with it!

And, accordingly, arrows on the map indicating military campaigns, and with significant activity? Let us immediately recall the name of the most active ancient Russian prince in foreign policy and aggressive campaigns? Whom did the people of Kiev reproach:

“Why, prince, don’t you want to rule us?”

6) The Kiev prince Oleg made a campaign, indicated in the legend of the diagram by the number “2”. Well, the right option, we look carefully, and we see the standard campaign for ancient Russian princes to Constantinople along the path “from the Varangians to the Greeks.” This is what we are talking about. The right option.

Answer: 146.

A new assignment that is devoted to understanding the trends and facts of cultural development. The “Culture” block also becomes more complicated in this way.

Knowing the dates will help you here:

1185 - the estimated date of the campaign described in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” (XII century)

And facts:

1965 - winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature “for the artistic strength and integrity of the epic about the Don Cossacks at a turning point for Russia”)

Assignment to work with illustrative material.

Question 18 of the demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history

You need to know that Mikhail Tukhachevsky is a hero of the First World War and the Civil War. Was destroyed at the peak of Stalin's repressions in 1937(1 fits), having been accused of plotting against the Soviet children's best friend. And also, naturally, the years of reign of our state leaders: Nicholas II ruled from 1894 to 1917, 1893 (2 does not fit!!!), N.S. Khrushchev was in power from 1956 to 1964. (5 is suitable).

Answer: 15.

And the final question of part 1. It is logically connected with what is standing in front of it, we should not forget this!

Question 19 of the demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history

As we already understood, answer 1 is NOT CORRECT, Tukhachevsky did not live during the Second World War. Also, the first railway in Russia was built in 1837, long before Tukhachevsky was born. 2 NOT CORRECT.

But Tukhachevsky saw Russian parliamentarism (the activities of the first Dumas of 1906-1917) and the creation of the USSR in 1922. Options 34 are CORRECT.

Answer: 34.

With this we will finish the analysis of test part 1 of the demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history. Answers to complex written assignments are in the appendices to the demo version, one of them by us when studying the first introductory topic of the history of the country about A about

Let us remind you that you can complete tasks and discuss them

“History is not a teacher, but an edifier, a mentor of life; it doesn’t teach anything, but only punishes for not knowing the lessons,” believed the great Russian historian V.O. Klyuchevsky. Let's not make mistakes, but start learning the 2018 Unified State Exam lessons by studying the new demo version of the exam.

The Unified State Examination in history has become more difficult!

In August 2018, FIPI published new guidelines for preparing graduates for the Unified State Exam. Among the many subjects whose basic documents have undergone major changes, a new approach is now needed in preparation for history. Moreover, these are the changes that significantly complicate the exam itself, which is already quite specific!

The Unified State Examination results in history for 2018 remained at the same level. This year More than 750,000 thousand schoolchildren throughout the Russian Federation took the Unified State Exam. 650,000 thousand people are graduates of this year.

This year the number of canceled jobs has decreased significantly. For the entire period of the Unified State Exam from exams about 400 people were removed, more than half of them tried to use a mobile phone.

The average score in 2018 is 60 points. Passed the exam 130000 thousand people, 1.5% more than in 2017. 260 people scored the maximum number of points, and 9% were unable to pass the exam.

And here is our experience in preparing graduates for the Unified State Exam 2018:

Demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history

So, the codifier - the list of topics tested on the Unified State Examination has not changed, since the old standards for graduates of 2018 remain in force, as well as demo version— the structure and level of complexity, the types of tasks offered, have changed in many ways. Let's pay attention to demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history!

What are the main changes in the Unified State Exam 2019 in history?

In fact, there are no changes in the quality level of the tasks. Nothing has changed in Part 1. A small revision of the assessment criterion for task 21 (to the source text).

Unlike the OGE materials (for grade 9), no test part. More precisely. she is not in the usual form in which we are used to seeing her! You cannot choose one correct answer from the four proposed. Now you need to clearly know the sequence of events, the term, and, most importantly, not only know the main historical sources on the history of the country, but also be able to interpret them, tie them to events and draw conclusions! Here's an example of how it started.

Everything is simple, if you know what happened in 1240, and you know the rules for converting years to centuries (you add one to the first two digits of a four-digit number and you get the desired century), then answer 3.

Battle of the Neva 1242(12 +1) = XIII century

Now things have become more complicated. Here's the first question 2018 demos:

Question 1 of the demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history

The question is not only about knowledge of dates, but rather about the ability to compare entire eras chronologically. So, if you don’t know the exact date:

Then you can “link” this date to history and remember that these events are directly related to the creation and approval of the ideological concept

Theory "Moscow - the Third Rome".

That is, even not knowing the exact events of world history should not confuse you. Although, we note that this becomes a necessary competency!

As we will see, continuing our analysis of the 2019 demo version, there are more work assignments, with the block of assignments with maps and illustrative material (complicated, as a rule, for a graduate) remaining the same volume. And especially since 2017, the written part 2 has become more complicated. Thus, instead of the task that has become familiar to everyone, a HISTORICAL ESSAY has been introduced, about which we will discuss separately

Let's start analyzing the demo!

Now let's go through the tasks in order, some of which we already encountered in the old demo version of 2016, and some either changed the numbering or a completely new task.

The task is a little more complicated (6 options to choose from instead of the previous 5), but in this content it should not pose a threat. If you don’t know these key dates, then why go to the Unified State Examination in History at all?

To make it easier to remember even such dates, you can turn on associative memory, remember literary works, paintings that tell about the event.

Answer: 2643.

The third question is similar, but here it is not the correspondence of a set of phenomena, but a general series. The knowledge of terms characterizing the phenomena of one of the periods of the country's history (in this case, the 19th century) and the ability to isolate a term that falls out of the general series are tested.

THE TASK HAS CHANGED! And it’s complicated, you need to give 2 answers!

Question 3 of the demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history

Free farmers, ministries, Decembrists, military settlements characterize the period of reign of Alexander I and Nicholas I (1801-1855). Justices of the peace- the result of the judicial reform of Alexander II (1855-1881). And here June 3rd coup- the event of 1907 that completed the First Russian Revolution (1905-1907).

Answer: 46.

The change in the electoral system in the Third State Duma in favor of the government is one of the results of the dissolution of the Second Duma without its consent (which actually violated the Basic Laws of the Russian Empire of 1906), and therefore coup. The Octobrists are the political party “Union of October 17th”, key participants in the events associated with the first stage of Russian parliamentarism at the beginning of the twentieth century (1906-1917).

So, if you know that Tsar Ivan IV divided during the years of the oprichnina (1665-1672) into the oprichnina proper and ZEMSHCHINA, you will write this term, if not... Alas! Answer: ZEMSHCHINA. More details

This task is more difficult than the compliance task No. 2, here you not only need knowledge of the facts (that, for example, in line with the policy of “Enlightened absolutism” of Catherine the Great, there was the convening of the Statutory Commission of 1767).

P.S. There was NO battle at the Dubosekovo crossing!!! A typical fragment of propaganda and history of the country as its component!

Certificate-report of the Chief Military Prosecutor N. Afanasyev “About 28 Panfilovites”

Another matching question, this time between historical figures and the events in which they took part.

Question 9 of the demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history

Selection method: in the Battle of the Ice in 1242, Saint Alexander Nevsky defeated the Teutons, the commander in the Livonian War was a friend, and then enemy of Ivan the Terrible, Andrei Kurbsky.

The cavalry of Peter I in the Battle of Poltava in 1709 was commanded by his comrade-in-arms Menshikov, and the Soviet commander Mikhail Frunze defeated the troops of Baron Wrangel in the Crimea in 1820 during the final phase of the Civil War (1918-1922). The question does not seem difficult, although it is also slightly complicated by one more extra answer option.

Answer: 4356.

This is a typical question on the ability to analyze a source. The logic of reasoning could be as follows: 1) This is the period of the USSR. 2) Only the leaders of the country, N.S., left behind memories (memoirs). Khrushchev. 3) “I criticized Stalin...” Let us remember the 20th Party Congress in 1956. 4) For verification. Indeed, from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev held the post of both the leader of the party (First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee) and the head of government and state (Chairman of the Council of Ministers), as the text says.

The main thing when working with texts is to highlight semantic markers! Read more about the principles of working with texts on the Unified State Exam in History

11 THE TASK HAS CHANGED in the content part! And it’s more complicated, it requires quite deep knowledge of GENERAL HISTORY (Third Crusade, how do you like it?)!

Here's what happened in 2016:

And here's what happened:

Question 11 of the demo version of the Unified State Exam 2018 in history

Here you need to pay attention to the Unified State Exam codifier in history, which, along with the topics necessary to prepare for the exam, contains a list of events and processes in world history that can be tested on the Unified State Exam. And, often, they are not directly related to the history of Russia.

Codifier of the Unified State Examination in History 2019. List of verifiable events in World History

And, of course, you need not only to know the dates, according to Russian history, first of all, but also, thinking, to make associations: Monomakh went to Crusade of 1111? Yes! This means that around this time there were Crusades in Europe. Simultaneously with the abolition of serfdom in Russia in 1861, the Civil War was going on in the United States, and Lincoln abolished slavery!

In my opinion, the greatest events in the world at the present time are, on the one hand, the American slave movement, which began with the death of Brown, and, on the other hand, the slave movement in Russia.

About the Reformation, sorry, I won’t talk about it now

Question 11 of the demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history. ANSWER

A more complex question of analyzing a source requires not only the ability to work with it, but also to rely on known facts that are not directly indicated in the source. As we can see, the historical context accompanying this telegram is the Kornilov rebellion (August) of 1917.

So, it is clear that events are already taking place in the situation of revolutionary upheavals in 1917, option 1 is not correct. The month of August, the Provisional Government is still in power, and not the Bolshevik Council of People's Commissars of the Council of People's Commissars) - the result of their achievements of the October Revolution. Option 2 is not correct. But it wouldn’t have existed if Kornilov had been luckier. His plans to suppress the revolution failed. Option 5 is also incorrect.

Question 13 of the demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history.

So, first of all, when analyzing the map, we pay attention to what we see: their names, Russian campaigns in the territory of a single Russian state... We conclude that on the map we see the first stage of the history of Russia, and the events associated with it!

And, accordingly, arrows on the map indicating military campaigns, and with significant activity? Let us immediately recall the name of the most active ancient Russian prince in foreign policy and aggressive campaigns? Whom did the people of Kiev reproach:

“Why, prince, don’t you want to rule us?”

6) The Kiev prince Oleg made a campaign, indicated in the legend of the diagram by the number “2”. Well, the right option, we look carefully, and we see the standard campaign for ancient Russian princes to Constantinople along the path “from the Varangians to the Greeks.” This is what we are talking about. The right option.

Answer: 146.

A new assignment that is devoted to understanding the trends and facts of cultural development. The “Culture” block also becomes more complicated in this way.

Knowing the dates will help you here:

1185 - the estimated date of the campaign described in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” (XII century)

And facts:

1965 - winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature “for the artistic strength and integrity of the epic about the Don Cossacks at a turning point for Russia”)

Assignment to work with illustrative material.

Question 18 of the demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history

You need to know that Mikhail Tukhachevsky is a hero of the First World War and the Civil War. Was destroyed at the peak of Stalin's repressions in 1937(1 fits), having been accused of plotting against the Soviet children's best friend. And also, naturally, the years of reign of our state leaders: Nicholas II ruled from 1894 to 1917, 1893 (2 does not fit!!!), N.S. Khrushchev was in power from 1956 to 1964. (5 is suitable).

Answer: 15.

And the final question of part 1. It is logically connected with what is standing in front of it, we should not forget this!

Question 19 of the demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history

As we already understood, answer 1 is NOT CORRECT, Tukhachevsky did not live during the Second World War. Also, the first railway in Russia was built in 1837, long before Tukhachevsky was born. 2 NOT CORRECT.

But Tukhachevsky saw Russian parliamentarism (the activities of the first Dumas of 1906-1917) and the creation of the USSR in 1922. Options 34 are CORRECT.

Answer: 34.

With this we will finish the analysis of test part 1 of the demo version of the Unified State Exam 2019 in history. Answers to complex written assignments are in the appendices to the demo version, one of them by us when studying the first introductory topic of the history of the country about A about

Let us remind you that you can complete tasks and discuss them

Answer: 321
Explanation:
1) Crimean War - 1853 - 1856. The war began under Emperor Nicholas I, and it was his son, Alexander II, who had to end it.
2) Reform of Patriarch Nikon - 1650s. The reform led to a split in the Russian Orthodox Church - those who rejected it began to be called Old Believers.
3) Fall of the Byzantine Empire - 1453. The Ottoman Turks captured the capital of Byzantium, Constantinople.

Task 2.

Answer: 2643
Explanation:
A) The first chronicle mention of Moscow was under the Rostov-Suzdal prince Yuri Dolgoruky. If we are talking about a separate Rostov-Suzdal principality, then this event dates back to the period of political fragmentation in Rus'. The classic date for the beginning of fragmentation is 1132, the death of the son of Vladimir Monomakh, Mstislav the Great. And Vasily III, who ruled in the first third of the 16th century, put an end to the unification of Russian lands. This period includes only one date - 1147.
B) The Cuban missile crisis is one of the important events of the Cold War, which began after the end of World War II. We also remember that this crisis erupted under Khrushchev (1953 – 1964). This means that only 1962 is suitable from the list.
C) The Battle of Borodino is a battle of the Patriotic War of 1812. The year is determined automatically.
D) The Copper Riot - along with the Salt Riot, the uprising of Stepan Razin, the Solovetsky seat, gave the 17th century the name “rebellious”. Only 1662 dates back to this century.

Let us note the events that occurred in the remaining years: in 988, Prince Vladimir converted to Christianity according to the Orthodox model, and in 1939, the USSR signed a non-aggression pact with Germany, sent troops into Poland, and clashed with Japan at Khalkhin Gol in Mongolia.

Task 3.

Answer: 46
Explanation:
1) Free cultivators - peasants whom landowners could release for ransom, according to the decree of Alexander I of 1803.
2) Ministries - with them Alexander I replaced Peter’s colleges in 1802.
3) Decembrists - representatives of the nobility who decided to prevent the accession of Emperor Nicholas I after the death of Alexander I. Their uprising took place on December 14, 1825.
4) The Third June Coup - On June 3, 1907, Nicholas II dissolved the Second State Duma, since there were too many opposition left forces in it. The dissolution of the Duma was accompanied by the adoption of new electoral laws, thanks to which forces hostile to the tsar could not penetrate into the new convocation. This coup d'etat meant the end of the revolution of 1905 - 1907.
5) Magistrates - this position in Russian legal proceedings appeared after the judicial reform of 1864 by Alexander II. At the same time, jurors, the principle of competition between the prosecutor and the lawyer (attorney), the principle of openness and equality appeared. The position of justices of the peace was abolished during the counter-reforms of Alexander III.
6) Octobrists are members of the liberal party “Union of October 17th”. It was on this day in 1905 that Nicholas II signed the “Manifesto on Improving the State Order,” thanks to which elections and the State Duma appeared in Russia. The Octobrists warmly welcomed these changes, so they named the party after the manifesto. Other liberals of that time - the party of Constitutional Democrats (Cadets) - believed that the Manifesto was good, but it was not enough, the country needed a Constitution. The Octobrists can in no way be associated with the October Revolution of 1917 (October Revolution).

Task 4.

Answer: zemshchina
Explanation:
Oprichnina refers not only to a special period in the reign of Ivan IV (1565 - 1672), but also to the best territories of the country, confiscated from the boyars and being the personal property of the tsar during this period. All other lands in the country constituted the zemshchina - they had their own administration and army.

Task 5.

Answer: 5314
Explanation:
A) We call Rus' the Old Russian state from the unification of Novgorod and Kyiv by Prince Oleg until the beginning of political fragmentation - i.e. period from 882 to 1132 This period includes the reign in Kiev of Yaroslav the Wise, his sons and grandson, Vladimir Monomakh, who formed uniform laws for all of Rus' (“Yaroslav’s Truth”, “Yaroslavich’s Truth” and “Vladimir Monomakh’s Charter”) under the general name “Russian Truth”.
B) The elected council are the closest associates of Tsar Ivan IV, on whose advice he relied in the first part of his reign (1549 – 1560). One of the first transformations of the Elected Rada was the holding in 1549 of the first Zemsky Sobor - an estate-representative advisory body of power, i.e. consisting of representatives of all classes (boyars, clergy, etc.), except the peasantry. In addition, the Elected Rada adopted a new Code of Law (1550), carried out military, administrative, and church reforms.
C) The concept of “enlightened absolutism” is associated with the name of Empress Catherine the Great (1762 – 1796). The absolute power of the monarch was based on the ideas of the Enlightenment - about humanism, the highest value of man and his life. Catherine corresponded with many figures of the French Enlightenment - Voltaire, Diderot, d'Alembert. Catherine formulated her views in the “Order of the Statutory Commission.” She convened the laid down commission to create new legislation in the spirit of “enlightened absolutism.” The commission included more than 500 people, incl. from state peasants, Cossacks, national minorities.
D) The first revolutionary transformations of the Bolsheviks were possible only after they organized the October Revolution of 1917, also known as the October Revolution. Since March 1917 (after the February revolutionary events) there was a dual power in Russia: after the abdication of Nicholas II from the throne, power was shared by the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies. The October Revolution ended the situation of dual power in Russia, eliminating the Provisional Government and giving all power to the Soviets, where by that time the Bolsheviks ruled. The Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets, held immediately after the October revolution, adopted the first decrees - “On Peace”, “On Land” and “On Power”. They are considered to be the first transformations of the Bolsheviks.

Let's discuss the remaining options.
Ivan III (1462 - 1505) adopted the Code of Laws in 1497. This document marked the beginning of the enslavement of peasants, establishing the rule for peasants to transfer to another landowner once a year - a week before and a week after St. George's Day (November 26).
We have already spoken about when the Provisional Government was created.

Task 6.

Answer: 3625
Explanation:
A) This fragment is an excerpt from documents of the Congress of Vienna (1814 – 1815). The Congress brought together representatives of all European countries that fought against Napoleon, who by that time had been defeated. As a result of the Napoleonic wars, European countries concluded the Treaty of Paris mentioned in the passage. According to the decisions of the Congress of Vienna, pre-war borders in Europe were largely restored, and Russia received the Duchy of Warsaw (this duchy was created by Napoleon in 1807 from part of the former lands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth). The new territory entered with autonomy and was called the Kingdom of Poland. In 1815, Alexander I even granted the Poles a Constitution, but in 1831 they rebelled against Russian rule. Characteristics 3 and 6 belong to this source.
B) This excerpt is taken from the Peace of Nystad, which ended the Northern War (1700 - 1721). This war was waged by Peter I against Sweden and its king Charles XII, who died before its completion. In the document, Sweden is referred to in the ancient manner as the Kingdom of Sveia. The territories listed in the passage - Livonia, Estland, Ingermanland - are located on the coast of the Baltic Sea and approximately correspond to the territories of modern Latvia, Estonia and partly the Leningrad region of Russia. Characteristics 2 and 5 are suitable for this source.

Let us comment on the “extra” characteristics. Three important documents related to the history of Russia were signed in Berlin. This is the Berlin Treaty of 1878, in which the provisions of the Peace of San Stefano were revised after the end of the Russian-Turkish War of 1877 - 1878. The second document is the act of unconditional surrender of Germany, signed on the night of May 8-9, 1945 in the Berlin suburb of Karlshorst. The third is the decisions of the Potsdam Conference, held in the suburbs of Berlin, Potsdam, July 17 - August 2, 1945.
A.L. Ordin-Nashchokin lived in the 17th century. and was the right hand of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the head of the Ambassadorial Prikaz. His achievements include the signing of the Truce of Andrusovo in 1667 with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: under this agreement, Left Bank Ukraine was reunited with Russia.

Task 7.

Answer: 246
Explanation:
1) Private ownership of land was prohibited by law; only short-term lease of land was allowed.
2) Cost accounting (economic accounting) is self-financing, self-sufficiency and self-government of an enterprise. Those. self-financing involves the closure of unprofitable, non-profit-making enterprises. This is very similar to the functioning of enterprises in market conditions, partial concessions to which were provided for by the NEP.
3) Denationalization involves the transfer of nationalized enterprises back into private hands. Such a return during the NEP period was provided for small and medium-sized enterprises - workshops, studios, etc., but not for large-scale industry.
4) During the NEP, stock exchanges and banks reopened, which briefly revived market mechanisms.
5) The state monopoly on foreign trade was very dear to the Soviet leadership, so even for the sake of NEP it was not abolished. Its abolition began in 1987, and it finally disappeared only after the collapse of the USSR in 1991.
6) Concessions under the NEP are investments by foreign entrepreneurs in Soviet state-owned enterprises. Lenin viewed the concession as a small concession to the market: he saw it as a lease of part of an enterprise by foreign capitalists while maintaining state ownership of the means of production.

Task 8.

Answer: 453
Explanation:
A) The first conference of the countries participating in the anti-Hitler coalition was Tehran (November - December 1943). Its main decision is considered to be an agreement on the opening of a second front by the United States and Great Britain in Western Europe. The next conference took place in February-March 1945 in Yalta. And the last meeting of the allies took place after the end of the Great Patriotic War in the suburbs of Berlin, Potsdam - we talked about this when analyzing task 6.
B) Night ramming is a technique in air combat in which one plane shoots down another in the dark. One of the first to perform such a maneuver was pilot V.V. Talalikhin. Mentioned in the answer options by N.F. Gastello became famous for his fiery ram - he shot down an enemy plane with an already damaged and burning car.
C) The largest tank battle during the Battle of Kursk took place near the village of Prokhorovka on July 12, 1943 - more than 1,200 tanks took part in it. But at the Dubosekovo crossing near Volokolamsk, Moscow region, in 1941, soldiers of the rifle division under the command of I.V. fought. Panfilova. In Soviet times, there was a widely circulated story about 28 Panfilov heroes who allegedly held enemy tanks for 4 hours. In 2015, historians proved that this story was a journalistic fabrication.

Task 9.

Answer: 4356
Explanation:
A) The Battle of the Ice, or the Battle of Lake Peipsi, took place on April 5, 1242 between the troops of the Livonian Order and detachments of Novgorodians led by Prince Alexander Nevsky. They had to fight the Germans for Izborsk and Pskov they had conquered. And Alexander Yaroslavich received his nickname two years earlier for the battle on the Neva River with Swedish soldiers.
B) In the Livonian War (1558 - 1583), which was waged by Ivan IV for access to the Baltic Sea, one of the leading commanders was Prince Andrei Kurbsky. True, in 1564 Kurbsky betrayed Ivan the Terrible and went over to the side of the main enemy of Russia - the Grand Duke of Lithuania Sigismund II Augustus.
C) The Battle of Poltava in 1709 is one of the key land battles of the Northern War (1700 – 1721), which was fought by Peter I. The troops at that time were commanded by one of Peter’s closest associates A.D. Menshikov.
D) During the Civil War, one of the representatives of the white movement P.N. Wrangel managed to gain a foothold in Crimea for a long time and even carry out some reforms there. It was possible to defeat it only by the forces of M.V. Frunze by November 1920. This event is considered the end of the main stage of the Civil War.

Let's consider the remaining figures: A.A. Brusilov - commander of the Southwestern Front, who made the Brusilov breakthrough in May - September 1916: a successful operation to seize territories in Galicia. In May 1917, Brusilov became the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army for several months. Andrei Bogolyubsky - son of Yuri Dolgoruky, Grand Duke of Vladimir (1157 - 1174), who captured and ravaged Kyiv in 1169.

Task 10.

Answer: Khrushchev
Explanation:
The phrase “...I criticized Stalin...” immediately makes us understand that this is happening after his reign. The surname Bulganin is strongly associated with the rise to power of Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev. And Khrushchev himself is the only Soviet leader who held the position not of General, but of First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee.

Task 11.

Answer: 862951
Explanation:
A) The abolition of serfdom occurred during the peasant reform of Alexander II in 1861.
B) Vladimir Monomakh became the prince of Kiev in 1113, and the Third Crusade took place in 1189 - 1192, i.e. in the 12th century
C) Vasily III annexed the Pskov land to the Moscow principality in 1510, i.e. in the 16th century
D) In ​​the 16th century. Martin Luther issued 95 theses criticizing the Catholic Church, which marked the beginning of the Reformation and the spread of a new branch of Christianity - Protestantism. This performance took place in 1517.
D) During the reign of Catherine II in 1783, the Crimean Khanate became part of the Russian Empire.
E) The US Constitution is the oldest in the world, it was adopted a few years after the American colonies gained independence from Great Britain in 1787.

Let's look at the remaining elements: the civil war in England is a long process, consisting of several large stages, which took place in the 17th century; The Hundred Years' War between England and France lasted 116 years and ended in 1453.

Task 12.

Answer: 346
Explanation:
1) The Kornilov rebellion, which is discussed in the passage, occurred in August 1917 - between the February and October revolutionary events.
2) SNK - the Council of People's Commissars appeared only after the October Revolution of 1917. The passage talks about the Provisional Government chaired by A.F. Kerensky.
3) The phrase “And then Russia will have to conclude a shameful separate peace, the consequences of which would be terrible for Russia” indicates that the author is a supporter of continuing the war.
4) The phrase “...General Kornilov, without pursuing any personal ambitious plans and relying on the clearly expressed consciousness of the entire healthy part of society and the army, which demanded the speedy creation of a strong government to save the Motherland,<…>considered necessary more decisive measures that would ensure the establishment of order in the country” indicates the author’s positive attitude towards the actions of L.G. Kornilov.
5) Speech by L.G. Kornilov was largely directed against the Bolsheviks coming to power, so he definitely did not have their support.
6) Kornilov was unable to receive the support of the Chairman of the Provisional Government A.F. Kerensky, and failed to independently implement the planned “decisive measures” - militarization, banning revolutionary organizations, and introducing the death penalty. His rebellion failed.

Task 13.

Answer: tenth
Explanation:
The map shows the campaigns of Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich (see explanation for task 14), who inherited the throne in 945 and ruled until 972, i.e. in the 10th century.

Task 14.

Answer: Svyatoslav
Explanation:
All designated campaigns begin in Kyiv: to the north - to the lands of the Vyatichi, to the northeast - to Volga Bulgaria, to the southeast - to the Khazar Kaganate and further to Tmutarakan, to the south - to Danube Bulgaria against Byzantium. Such a large number of campaigns in different directions were carried out by Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich, who was famous for his belligerence and passion for conquest.

Task 15.

Answer: 146
Explanation:
1) Next to the number “5” on the map there is a union of Ilmen Slovenes. Their name is associated with Lake Ilmen located nearby. Novgorod stands on the Volkhov River, which flows from this lake.
2) Przemysl was conquered by Svyatoslav’s son, Vladimir, in 981.
3) The number “6” on the map indicates the capital of Byzantium, the city of Constantinople (Constantinople). There, according to the chronicle, Vladimir’s grandmother, Princess Olga, was baptized. Vladimir himself was baptized in Korsun, in Crimea.
4) The capital of the Drevlyans, Iskorosten, is indicated on the map. Iskorosten gained fame after it was burned in 945 by Princess Olga in revenge for the murder of her husband, Prince Igor.
5) The number “4” on the map indicates Itil, the capital of the Khazar Kaganate. The capital of Volga Bulgaria - Bulgar - is also located on the Volga, but to the north.
6) According to the Tale of Bygone Years, Prince Oleg made a sea voyage to Byzantium, indicated on the diagram by the number “2” in 907. According to the chronicle, Oleg came to Constantinople with 2000 ships. The result was a profitable trade agreement between Rus' and Byzantium.

B) “Domostroy” - a guide to arranging everyday life and family life, with religious and other instructions, was created by Archpriest Sylvester in the 16th century. based on earlier collections of rules of conduct. It is believed that he summarized this information for the young Tsar Ivan IV.
C) V. Surikov’s painting “Boyaryna Morozova” tells the story of the church schism caused by the reforms of Patriarch Nikon in the 17th century. The Old Believers who did not accept the reforms, in particular, recognized making the sign of the cross not with three, but only with two fingers. It is this gesture that the noblewoman Morozova demonstrates in the painting.
D) M. Sholokhov wrote the epic novel “Quiet Don” from 1925 to 1932. It tells about the life of the Don Cossacks during the First World War, the revolutionary events of 1917, and the Civil War. Sholokhov received the Nobel Prize in Literature for this novel, although only in 1965.

2) The year of birth of M.N. indicated on the stamp. Tukhachevsky - 1893. The reign of Nicholas II lasted from 1894 to 1917. This means that Tukhachevsky was born during the reign of Alexander III.
3) In June 1919, during the Civil War, M.N. Tukhachevsky became famous for the Birsk operation, carried out near Ufa. Thanks to her, the path to the Southern Urals was opened for the Red Army. The First World War for Russia ended on March 3, 1918 with the signing of the Brest Peace Treaty, which was much earlier than the Bir operation.
4) The Great Patriotic War began on June 22, 1941, i.e. Tukhachevsky did not live until about 4 years before it began and could not have been a participant.
5) The year of issue of the stamp is indicated on it - 1963 N.S. Khrushchev ruled the Soviet Union until 1964 and the stamp was issued during this time.

Task 18.

Answer: 34
Explanation:
1) Coin “Victory over Nazi Germany. XX years" is dedicated to the victory in the Great Patriotic War, which ended on May 9, 1945, i.e. after the death of Tukhachevsky.
2) The coin “170 years of Russian Railways” is dedicated to the opening of the country’s first railway in 1836 - St. Petersburg - Tsarskoe Selo - Pavlovsk. This was long before Tukhachevsky was born.
3) The coin “100th anniversary of parliamentarism in Russia” is dedicated to the beginning of the work of the First State Duma in April 1906 - this event is included in the years of Tukhachevsky’s life.
4) Coin “Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 60 years" is dedicated to the signing of the union treaty of December 30, 1922, according to which the RSFSR, the Transcaucasian SFSR, the Byelorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR united into the Soviet Union. This event occurred during Tukhachevsky’s lifetime.