Levels of professional education: features, conditions for admission. What is the difference between secondary vocational education and technical education Level of secondary education

Secondary vocational education in Russia

Educational institutions of secondary vocational education

In Soviet times, secondary vocational education could be obtained in technical schools, as well as schools (for example, medical school).

In post-Soviet times, some technical schools were renamed colleges. Currently, secondary vocational education can be obtained in technical schools and colleges. The differences in terms are defined in the Model Regulations on an educational institution of secondary vocational education (secondary specialized educational institution):

7. The following types of secondary specialized educational institutions are established:
a) technical school - a secondary specialized educational institution that implements basic professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of basic training;
b) college - a secondary specialized educational institution that implements basic professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of basic training and programs of secondary vocational education of advanced training.

The list of specialties of secondary vocational education was approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated April 12, 2005 No. 112 (as amended on May 18, 2006). From January 1, 2010. When applying for admission to basic professional educational programs of secondary vocational education, implemented in accordance with federal state educational standards, the list of specialties of secondary vocational education approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated September 28, 2009 No. 355 is used.

Features of secondary vocational education in comparison with primary vocational education

NGO institutions (Primary vocational education) and secondary vocational education combine and implement two-stage training in primary and secondary vocational education programs. In accordance with the standard Regulations on an educational institution of secondary vocational education, the educational institution is also called the term secondary school (Secondary special educational institution).

Secondary vocational education is aimed at training mid-level specialists, satisfying the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education on the basis of basic general, secondary (complete) general or primary vocational education.
Citizens who have primary vocational education in the relevant profile receive secondary vocational education under abbreviated programs.
Secondary vocational education can be obtained in educational institutions of secondary vocational education (secondary specialized educational institutions) or at the first stage of educational institutions of higher vocational education.
An educational institution of secondary vocational education may implement educational programs of primary vocational education if it has an appropriate license.

Notes

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See what “Secondary vocational education” is in other dictionaries:

SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION- aims to train mid-level specialists, meet the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education on the basis of basic general, secondary (complete) general or primary vocational education. Citizens who have... Dictionary of career guidance and psychological support

Secondary vocational education- 1. Secondary vocational education is aimed at training mid-level specialists, satisfying the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education on the basis of basic general, secondary (complete) general or primary... ... Official terminology

Secondary vocational education- specialized secondary education, a level of education acquired, as a rule, on the basis of complete or incomplete general secondary or primary vocational education in secondary vocational educational institutions. S.p.o. has the purpose... ... Pedagogical terminological dictionary

SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION- specialized secondary education, a level of education acquired, as a rule, on the basis of complete or incomplete general secondary education in the relevant profession. uch. establishments. Provides the individual with the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for independent... ... Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia

Secondary vocational education- education on the basis of basic general, secondary (complete) general or primary vocational education, carried out in secondary specialized educational institutions or other educational institutions of secondary vocational... ...

SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION- the process of training mid-level specialists, meeting the individual’s needs for deepening and expanding education on the basis of basic general, secondary (complete) general or primary vocational education; is a part… … Professional education. Dictionary

Education, which is carried out by an appropriately licensed educational institution of secondary vocational education according to the basic professional educational program that provides training for mid-level specialists... ... Glossary of terms on general and social pedagogy

Advanced secondary vocational education- Secondary vocational education of an advanced level is education that is carried out by an appropriately licensed educational institution of secondary vocational education in the main professional educational... Dictionary of legal concepts

SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF FINANCE AND CREDIT- in order to train specialists with secondary vocational education in the field of finance and credit, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation introduced on June 17, 1997 the state standard for specialists with secondary education in specialties: 060100 -... ... Financial and credit encyclopedic dictionary

Books

Electrical engineering changes Workshop textbook Secondary vocational education Khrustaleva Z. Knorus, Khrustaleva Z.. For each laboratory work, brief theoretical information, structural diagrams of the devices used and their connection diagrams, the procedure for performing the work, test questions for ...

The structure of secondary vocational education today plays a vital role in the preparation of highly qualified workers.

The need for specialist practitioners is increasing every day. At the same time, with the development of the economy and production, the requirements for their professionalism and level of qualifications regularly increase.

The shortage of personnel increases interest in secondary vocational education specialists. Positions that were previously considered unprestigious are now increasingly in demand on the labor market. The issue of personnel training in these areas is becoming relevant. In this regard, specialized educational institutions engaged in training mid-level personnel (colleges) still occupy a strong place in the Russian education system.

State institutions of secondary vocational education currently provide training in 280 different specialties. With the development and modification of production, this list is regularly growing and replenished.

Types of colleges

Secondary vocational education can be implemented at two levels. There are initial and advanced levels.

Today in the Russian Federation there are two types of educational institutions engaged in training specialists in the field of second-level vocational education:

technical school - the main type where students have the opportunity to receive secondary vocational basic education;
college is an institution of an advanced level where advanced programs are taught (can be a subordinate department of a university or institute or an independent structure).

Primary vocational education, in turn, can be obtained at lyceums and vocational schools (vocational schools). These educational institutions have different educational backgrounds.

A vocational lyceum differs from a college in a higher level of student training.

Upon graduation from an educational institution with in-depth teaching, the graduate is awarded the qualification of “specialist”; students of lyceums and colleges are awarded the qualification of “entry-level specialist”.

Entry-level secondary vocational education

Secondary vocational institutions in the field of initial training include specialized lyceums and schools.

The number of institutions with basic training in our country today is about 4 thousand. More than 1.5 million teenagers visit them.

Citizens who have received vocational primary education have the right to continue their educational career in higher-level secondary schools under shortened programs.

Also, if necessary, students can obtain a certificate of general secondary education. To do this, you must pass a state exam, on the basis of which a corresponding document is issued.

Graduates who have received an entry-level secondary vocational education have the right to continue their educational career in technical schools, colleges, and higher educational institutions.

Advanced secondary vocational education

Those wishing to receive an advanced secondary education must choose for admission not a lyceum, not a vocational school, but a college or technical school.

In Russia there are more than 2.5 thousand colleges with advanced study, which are attended by about 2.3 million students.

Secondary specialized educational institutions receive an increased level through the introduction of additional programs into educational standards:

professional practice;
in-depth study of individual subjects and disciplines;
obtaining an additional specialty in parallel with the main one.

Education at advanced colleges is as close as possible to university education. Students here have a larger number of classroom hours than in primary education institutions, take exams and tests, write coursework and dissertations.

For example, students who choose a construction college, along with university graduates of the same field, must submit and defend qualifying diploma projects related to specialized topics. The only difference is the lower requirements for college students. Therefore, advanced secondary educational institutions can be considered the lowest level of higher professional education.

Often colleges are a structural unit of a university and are under the authority of this educational institution. Students planning to continue their studies at institutions of higher education should pay attention to this fact. Having a diploma from such a college, graduates have the right to receive specialized education at the university under shortened programs. This is a great advantage, as it makes it possible to shorten the period of study at a university, as well as combine work and study.

Admission conditions

Individuals who have received basic general or secondary general education can enter colleges. This point is one of the main requirements.

Applicants to primary vocational education institutions are exempt from taking mandatory entrance exams. To enroll, you must submit the following documents:

original document on school education (grades 9 or 11);
4 photos (3 x 4);
medical certificate;
copies of passport and birth certificate;
application addressed to the director for enrollment.

In some cases, upon admission to certain specialties of secondary vocational education, if necessary, at the discretion of the educational institution, an interview with the candidate is conducted. The applicant may be asked to take written and knowledge tests in school subjects. Similar requirements may be presented if the number of people wishing to study in a given specialty exceeds the number of budget places. In such a situation, the competition is based on the average score of the certificate and the results of the tests passed.

Admission to higher-level secondary vocational education institutions is carried out on a competitive basis based on entrance exams.

One of the main requirements for colleges is the availability of a license. Therefore, before submitting documents to either a government or commercial institution, you should make sure that the institution has the appropriate document with a current validity period.

Students who need housing during their studies are provided with a dormitory.

Outside of competition, the following categories of citizens are enrolled in colleges:

orphans and children left without parental care;
disabled children;
persons of other categories whose preferential admission is provided by the state.

With the development of modern information technologies, the process of submitting documents to secondary vocational educational institutions is modified and simplified. Many institutions actively use Internet technologies to accept applications. Application forms are posted on the official website of the educational institution.

This method is convenient for both the applicant and the members of the admissions committee. In order to apply, you must fill out a form on the educational institution’s website. The decision to participate in the competition is made remotely. The applicant submits the original documents after receiving a positive decision. Until this moment, his personal presence is not necessary.

Forms and duration of training

Secondary vocational education can be obtained in the following forms of training:

full-time;
part-time (evening);
correspondence

The period for obtaining primary vocational education is from two to three years on the basis of nine grades and from one to two years after eleven grades. The timing directly depends on the educational institution and the chosen specialty.

The duration of receiving secondary advanced vocational education is also determined by the level of training of students. For those admitted after ninth grade, it ranges from three to four years. Based on eleven classes - from two to three years.

Deadlines for submitting documents

Educational institutions have the right to set their own deadlines for accepting documents. Typically, the commission begins work in June, after the end of final exams (but no later than the 20th), and accepts applications until the end of August (but no later than the 26th).

It should be borne in mind that the application deadlines for full-time and part-time, budget and contract forms of education may vary.

Educational standards

As a rule, standards for secondary vocational education consist of two parts. The first is a federal program approved by the Ministry of Education. This document may be modified every year. General standards and requirements adopted in relation to colleges are required to be followed by all institutions in the field of secondary vocational education.

The second is a program approved at the regional level. Therefore, individuals studying in the same type of educational institutions may study different subjects and have different numbers of classroom hours.

Advanced secondary vocational education programs allow for the acquisition of additional specialties on a budgetary or paid basis.

Upon completion of training, students are required to pass. After successful completion, graduates are awarded a qualification. In case of a negative result, the student receives a certificate of completion of the course of study at this institution, indicating the duration and number of classroom hours.

Persons who did not pass the final certification have the right to take it the following year.

Financing

Students receiving secondary vocational education have the right to study at an educational institution for free.

Graduates of institutions who have received an entry-level diploma and decide to continue their educational career at colleges or technical schools may also qualify for government funding.

Receiving a second education at a college of the same level is only paid.

In addition, lyceums and vocational schools in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other Russian cities offer the opportunity for contract training on a commercial basis.

Students studying on a budget receive a scholarship in the prescribed manner.

Specialties of secondary vocational education

For those who decide to receive a humanitarian or technical education, the specialties, the list of which is approved for educational institutions by the Ministry of Education, provide an opportunity to master a worthy profession.

Secondary vocational educational institutions provide training in the following sectors:

agriculture and fisheries;
medicine and healthcare;
fuel and energy sector;
production of food, beverages and tobacco products;
manufacturing of textile products;
production of leather goods and footwear;
woodworking;
pulp and paper production;
publishing and printing production, production of printed materials;
production of petroleum products, gas and nuclear industries;
chemical production;
production of electrical equipment and optical equipment;
machine production;
production of rubber and plastic products;
metallurgy;
transport production;
furniture manufacturing;
jewelry;
production of musical instruments;
production of sporting goods;
processing of recyclable materials;
other production;
hotel and restaurant services;
trade (wholesale and retail);
logistics;
construction;
educational and pedagogical activities;
medicine and healthcare;
financial activities;
Social sciencies;
real estate;
natural Sciences;
humanitarian sciences;
Culture and art;
economics and Management;
Information Security;
service;
land management and geodesy;
geology and minerals;
aviation, rocket and space technology;
marine technology;
radio engineering;
automation and control;
Informatics and Computer Science;
timber processing;
environmental protection and life safety.

The specialization of educational institutions is often associated with regional characteristics, the specifics of the economy and production in a particular region. In order to train qualified personnel, career guidance is carried out at educational institutions.

Vocational school, technical school or college - what to choose?

The choice of educational institution directly depends on your plans.

If, after graduating from an educational institution, you want to become a university student, a college with training in this specialty is most suitable (for example, for subsequent admission to a construction university, you should choose a construction college; to subsequently master the profession of a doctor, a medical college, and so on).

You will receive a highly qualified working specialty at a specialized technical school.

Advanced secondary schools also train middle-level intellectual workers - accountants, primary and secondary school teachers, auditors, as well as specialists in many other areas.

If you want to get a specialty in a short time, the best choice would be secondary vocational education at the initial level.

The concepts of secondary vocational education and technical education are often confused. However, this is not the same thing. The concept of secondary vocational education is associated with the type of educational institution and the type of education that it provides. And technical education is a type of a number of specialties that can be obtained at a secondary vocational or higher educational institution.

Secondary vocational education

When, after finishing 9 or a school student, he decides to enter a school, technical school, or college, he chooses an institution of secondary vocational education. Such educational institutions prepare qualified employees and mid-level workers. Among the schools and colleges one can name educational institutions of various fields: medical, music, automotive, maritime, artistic, pedagogical, legal, catering establishments and many others.

There are a lot of areas for training mid-level personnel: humanitarian, technical, natural science, and social. The duration of study in different institutions of secondary vocational education is also different. Some programs are designed for three academic years, some for four. The fact from which grade the students come is also important. In the same college, students can then study a four-year program, and after the 11th grade, a two-year program.

After graduating from a secondary vocational institution, its students receive a profession and can begin to work or go on to study further - to a higher educational institution.

Technical education

Technical education is one of the forms of education associated with obtaining a technical specialty. This form of education helps prepare engineers, workers, craftsmen, technicians for industry, the automotive industry, construction, transport, forestry and agriculture.

In the process of obtaining a profession, technical students study many disciplines related to the understanding of physical, mathematical, chemical processes occurring in materials and machines, with complex calculations, calculations and drawings when reproducing mechanisms. They need all this knowledge for further practical use of materials, machines, devices and automated control systems.

You can receive technical education in a number of educational institutions.