Sailing battleship 12 apostles. Russian sailing warship "Twelve Apostles" (12 apostles)

Journal of the Twelve Apostles– assemble a model of a magnificent battleship, the pride of the Russian fleet. Publishing house DeAgostini(DeAgostini).

Every issue collection Twelve Apostles includes a magazine and a set of parts to build a model ship. You will receive everything, including hull parts, sails, decorative elements, and cannons.
In the magazine you will find detailed step-by-step instructions for assembling the model, and interesting information about military fleets - from the beginning of the use of sails to the present. Find out more about the history of Russian and world navigation and shipbuilding, the participation of the fleet in various wars, battles in which ships under the St. Andrew's flag took part.

Model ship Twelve Apostles

With the Twelve Apostles collection you can build a magnificent model of a battleship that was the pride of the Russian fleet! Even if you have not yet had experience creating ship models, thanks to the detailed illustrated instructions in the magazine, you can build model of the Twelve Apostles it won't be difficult.

Magazine

In each issue of the collection you will find a fascinating 20-page magazine. Get acquainted with the history of the sailing fleet, the formation and development of the regular Russian fleet, and the exploits of sailors who fought under the St. Andrew's flag.

Every issue magazine Twelve Apostles is divided into two parts.

Historical part

You will learn how the development of military fleets proceeded from antiquity to the era of steam, when sails finally lost their importance on warships. Particular attention will be paid to the Russian fleet, the history of its creation, long voyages and fierce battles, great victories and tragic failures.

The battleship Twelve Apostles was built shortly before the start of the Crimean War, and naturally, the terrible events of 1853-1856 had a direct impact on its fate. Therefore, the events of that time will be described in particular detail. Many other interesting topics will not be left unattended, such as the history of naval weapons, disasters at sea, myths and legends associated with the sea and ships.

You can learn a lot of interesting things from the sections devoted to the sails of the 20th and 21st centuries, sailing decoy ships that fought with submarines, the last sailing raid that went hunting for merchant ships during the First World War, and even sailing torpedo bombers.

You will discover the amazing world of maritime history from a time when people were not afraid to challenge the elements and enemies, going to sea on very small ships, many of which are smaller in size than modern boats.

Part Two - Assembly Guide

This section will guide you step by step to build an excellent model of the 12 Apostles battleship. Carefully crafted step-by-step instructions will turn assembly into an exciting process, and useful tips will help you avoid mistakes.

The first issue also contains advice for beginning modelers, recommendations on the correct and rational organization of the workplace, selection of tools and consumables.

History of navies
Maritime Museum
Assembly Guide
Recommendations for modelers

Release schedule

No. 1 – Parts for assembly, glue, sandpaper holder, DVD – 01/18/2013
No. 2 – Parts for assembly, tweezers, file – 02/08/2013
No. 3 – Parts for assembly – 02/15/2013
No. 4 – Parts for assembly – 02/22/2013
No. 5 – parts for assembly – 03/01/2013

How many issues

Total planned 120 issues.

Promotional video

Forum

The ship “The Twelve Apostles” is brilliantly depicted and glorified forever in the works of the Russian marine painter Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky. His feat in the defense of Sevastopol in 1855 will never be forgotten. It was in this battle that it was sunk. After the war (this happened in 1861), the authorities tried to raise the ship. It didn’t work out - it had to be blown up.

Ship "Twelve Apostles" model

The construction of the battleship was carried out in St. Petersburg - at the Nikolaev shipyards. The ship was launched with “great fanfare” in 1841. Six years before this significant event, Russian Emperor Nicholas I personally approved the construction of 3 similar ships, the first of which was the Twelve Apostles. The other two - "Paris" and "Grand Duke Konstantin" - became part of the Black Sea Fleet in 1849 and 1852, respectively.

"Paris"

The construction of the heroic sailing ship took place with the direct participation of the legendary Russian admiral Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev, commander of the Black Sea Fleet and the great navigator who first discovered Antarctica. The great naval commander gave instructions to the shipbuilders at all stages of the construction of the ship. He personally supervised the selection of timber for the manufacture of the body. The highest quality building materials were selected. Technologies are the most advanced. As a result, the vessel's service life was significantly extended. From reliable documentary sources it is clear that even after 10 years, the combat sailing ship was in excellent technical condition. According to the standards of that time, the service life of similar watercraft was no more than 8 years.

The ship's design was developed by Oliver Lang. This happened in 1833. Its essence lay in the peculiarities of the construction of the keel, which was double-rowed:

The top row is connected with an overlay with horizontal locks.
The bottom row is connected with vertical tenon locks.

The highest quality oak trees were used to make the keel. Below it was a false keel, specially weakened in contact with the main keel, which made it possible to protect the ship in case of a strong impact. The ship was also equipped with a state-of-the-art bilge fastening system. For the first time, an elliptical stern was used on a sailing ship.

The Twelve Apostles was a three-masted sailing ship with a displacement of 4,790 tons. The ship's crew numbered 1000 people. They included 12 officers and 65 non-commissioned officers. The speed corresponded to the combat missions of the sea vessel - 12 knots (translated into the metric system - 22.2 km. hour). The total area of the sails was about 4.0 thousand square meters. The length of the ship along the deck, where the military artillery is located, is 64.4 m. The width is 18.1 m. It was calculated based on the section of the ship’s hull - the midship frame.

In the mid-19th century, the term "120 gun ship" existed. They were called battleships of the 1st rank. The Twelve Apostles was equipped with 130 military guns. Moreover, 28 of them were new bomb guns for that time (initially there were 32 units on the ship) - 68-pounders. They were installed on the lower deck, intended for guns. It also housed 4 long-barreled guns. The guns on a combat sailing ship could fire not only bombs, but also cannonballs. In addition, the ship also had 92 smoothbore cannons - carronades. A similar model of a weapon was borrowed from the British, who invented it at the end of the 18th century. They settled down.

As already mentioned, the new battleship had very powerful artillery. On its gon-deck (lower gun deck) there were 28 of the best guns in service with the Russian Navy - 68-pound bomb guns, complemented by two pairs of long 36-pound guns, in the bow and stern.
On the midship deck (middle gun deck) there are 34 short 36-pounder guns; the same number of guns of the same caliber were placed on the opera deck (the upper cannon deck), but, unlike the midship deck, there were cannon carronades there. Another twenty-four 24-pounder cannon-carronades were located on the upper deck - the quarterdeck and forecastle.
Already in its first campaign - in 1842 - the "Twelve Apostles" under the command of Kornilov became an exemplary ship. Vladimir Alekseevich was a champion of the strictest discipline, but made every effort to ensure not only adequate, but also varied nutrition for sailors, arrangement of their life, and prevention of diseases. For example, he demanded that watchmen always be warmly dressed at night. Great importance was attached to cleanliness: this not only made it possible to keep the ship in perfect condition, but also served as the prevention of many diseases.
The requirements for command personnel were no less strict. Knowing perfectly all the intricacies of the service, Kornilov did not allow deviations from the rules, laxity, or the desire to shift his responsibilities to his subordinates. Not everyone liked this; it was especially difficult for officers who arrived from the Baltic Fleet. Many - both former Baltic and “indigenous” Black Sea residents - tried to avoid serving with such a commander, but Kornilov’s exactingness had the best effect on the combat effectiveness of the ship and the training of the crew. If we add to this the emphatically attentive attitude of M.P. Lazarev to his beloved brainchild, then we can understand the enthusiastic review of His Serene Highness Prince Menshikov - a man with a “wicked tongue”, prone to mocking and derogatory characteristics and very stingy with praise. He wrote to the emperor: “... I must say that the serviceability and cleanliness of this squadron exceeded all my expectations, especially the brilliant condition in which the ship “Twelve Apostles” is located (captain of the first rank Kornilov), the cleanliness of the weapons, the excellent finishing of all the details, the speed of the command in cannon training and in ship work." Indeed, the sails were set with remarkable speed, and the heaviest 68-pound guns achieved an amazing rate of fire for that time: a shot in two minutes.
In 1845, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich was sailing on the Twelve Apostles, who was completely delighted with his stay on such a perfect and beautiful ship. The Grand Duke also appreciated the training of the team, the precision of their service, and the captain’s ability to organize exercises. Konstantin Nikolaevich even recommended universally using the methods of training artillery servants developed by Kornilov. Emperor Nicholas I, who arrived in Sevastopol to conduct the highest review of the fleet, was also pleased. He also said that such a ship would be an honor to any fleet in the world, and expressed special gratitude to Lazarev for the excellent preparation and excellent condition of the Black Sea Fleet. Mikhail Petrovich, in a letter to one of his friends, proudly reported that the sovereign’s gratitude brought him great joy. But in the same letter, the highly experienced admiral complained about the state of the Baltic Fleet, since much of what surprised the emperor was considered the norm for the Black Sea residents... Kornilov soon received a promotion in rank, became the chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet, and the new commander of the “Twelve Apostles” was appointed captain-lieutenant V. A. Ergomyshev.

Tactical and technical characteristics of the ship "Twelve Apostles"
Displacement, t:
complete........................................................ .................... 4789.98
empty ship................................................... .. 3848.40
Length between perpendiculars, feet-inches, (m) 211-2 (64.36)
Width at load line, feet—inches, (m):
without lining. 57-10 (17.68)
with sheathing...... 59-6(18.14)
Depth of the interior from the keel to the top edge of the bimea gon-decks, feet-inches, (m)... . 27-6 (8.38)
Length on deck, feet—inches, (m) 208-9 (68.63)
Keel length, ft-inches, (m) 193-9 (59.06)
Deepening at full load, ft-inches, (m):
akhtergitevnem 25-9 (7.85)
stem 24-6 (7.47)
Sail area, m2................................................... ........................ about 4000
Travel speed, knots................................................... ........................ 12
Weapons:
68-pounder bomb guns, 28 (originally 32)
long 36-pound guns... 4 (placed instead of 68-pound bomb guns)
short 36-pounder guns 34
36-pound cannon-carronades 34
24 pound gun carronades 24
Crew, people…………………………………………….. up to 1000 (including 12 officers)

He continued training the team in Kornilov traditions, not allowing any concessions, and also trying to take care of his subordinates.
In 1848, a clear and sharp deterioration in relations with Turkey began. In the fall of the following year, Lazarev received a secret order from St. Petersburg to develop a project for a landing operation on the Bosphorus, with the involvement of numerous army forces. The admiral, who had experience in organizing landings, was able to prepare a detailed, carefully thought out and completely feasible plan. According to it, it was planned to transfer an amphibious corps of 30,000 people to the Turkish shores; 55 ships of various classes should be used for transportation. A special role was given to steamships and the most powerful battleships - the 120-gun ships "Twelve Apostles" and "Three Saints".
According to modern historians, such an operation was quite feasible. Taking into account the not very successful actions of the Turkish troops in previous campaigns (against rebellious Egypt), as well as knowing that their training and combat effectiveness were not the highest during the Crimean War, such a point of view should be considered justified. G. A. Grebenshchikova directly points out that Lazarev “... believed that the breakthrough by Russian troops and navy into the Bosphorus with the aim of capturing the strait was not only justified, but also quite real from the point of view of the threat emanating from Turkey and the situation existing at that time balance of forces." But at that time, for various reasons, it was decided to abandon the landing operation, and when a few years later the war with Turkey did begin, the Russian fleet already had to reckon with the threat of the appearance of Anglo-French squadrons in the Black Sea, which had not only quantitative, but and qualitative superiority due to the presence of screw ships in their composition.
In 1849, command of the “Twelve Apostles” was taken by an experienced officer, one of the future heroes of the Crimean War, captain 1st rank Alexander Ivanovich Panfilov.
He had to seriously engage in personnel training, since young, insufficiently trained replenishment appeared on the ship instead of many old-time non-commissioned officers and sailors.
In 1850, the “Twelve Apostles” was visited again by Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich, who not only dined on the flagship ship with all the officers and admirals, but also went to sea on it for exercises. As before, the titled guest was completely delighted with what he saw.
That year, Admiral Lazarev was awarded the highest order of the Russian Empire - St. Andrew the First-Called.
Meanwhile, Mikhail Petrovich's health noticeably deteriorated. The first signs of the disease appeared in him back in 1843, but the valiant sailor did not want to pay due attention to them. But at the beginning of 1851 he finally fell ill and, with the permission of the emperor, went abroad for treatment. Alas, the medicine of that time was absolutely powerless against the disease, which even in the 21st century. They don’t always know how to treat... On April 11, 1851, Admiral Lazarev died in Vienna from stomach cancer; buried the outstanding admiral in the Sevastopol Vladimir Cathedral.
The severance of relations with Turkey occurred two years later - in May 1853. The Black Sea Fleet continued to pay great attention to combat training. At the summer exercises, the Twelve Apostles, despite its rather decent, by Russian standards, service life, was again able to demonstrate its excellent seamanship. During the ship race, she distinguished herself by her speed, combined with excellent maneuverability for such a large sailing ship, and was also recognized as easy to control. The team skillfully coped with various exercises (launching rowing ships, setting and cleaning sails), the gunners fired quickly and accurately. One of the elements of the summer exercises was the practice of a breakthrough to the Sevastopol raid carried out in early August by a squadron under the command of Vice Admiral Kornilov, who held the flag on his favorite ship, the Twelve Apostles.
Meanwhile, the threat of war grew. At the end of August, the governor in the Caucasus, M. S. Vorontsov, turned to the emperor with a request to strengthen the troops in Transcaucasia. Nicholas I made the corresponding decision very quickly, and already in early September the Black Sea Fleet was entrusted with the responsibility of transferring the 13th Infantry Division (16,393 people) with two artillery batteries, a convoy, horses and a 30-day supply of food to the Caucasus from Sevastopol. Kornilov was in charge of preparing the transportation of troops by order of Menshikov, who determined the composition of the forces: 12 battleships, two frigates, two corvettes, seven steamships, 11 transports. Vice Admiral P. S. Nakhimov was to command the entire “armada”.
The landing of troops (at that time they said embarcation) began on September 14, and three days later the squadron was at sea. Nakhimov raised the flag on the ship "Grand Duke Konstantin", and on the "Twelve Apostles" there was a junior flagship, who had already received the rank of rear admiral A.I. Panfilov. The ship, commanded by Captain 2nd Rank A. X. Vinck, took on board 1,466 soldiers and officers of the Bialystok Regiment, who were safely landed in Anakria on September 24. But probably, due to overload, a leak opened on the ship, and upon returning to Sevastopol it had to undergo repairs. The work was completed only in February of the following year, so the battleship did not participate in the autumn campaigns and the famous Battle of Sinop.
After the appearance of large forces of the English and French fleets in the Black Sea, the Russian command decided to abandon the squadron’s departure to meet the enemy and concentrate all efforts on defending Sevastopol. Some of the artillery was removed from the “Twelve Apostles” and transferred to ground fortifications; one of the batteries even received the name Twelve Apostles. The sailors also left for land. In December 1854, a floating hospital was set up on the battleship, and on the night of February 13-14, 1855, by order of Nakhimov, it was sunk between the Nikolaevskaya and Mikhailovskaya batteries. When work began on clearing the fairway after the war, it turned out that it was not possible to raise the hull of the battleship, which had sunk deep into the silt. In 1861 it had to be blown up.

Journal of the Twelve Apostles publishing houses DeAgostini(DeAgostini) - assemble an amazing model of the sailing ship Twelve Apostles, the pride of the Russian fleet in the 19th century.

Each issue of the Twelve Apostles collection, in addition to interesting educational information, contains detailed instructions for assembling the model and a set of necessary elements.

The Twelve Apostles Release Schedule

Twelve Apostles No. 1 – 01/18/2013
Parts for assembly (the bow of the keel, supports for the elements of the bow - 2 pcs., linings for strengthening the bow part - 2 pcs., bow frame, elements for forming the contours of the bow of the hull - 2 pcs., the lower part of the second frame, branches of the second frame - 2 pcs., 24-pound gun parts), glue, sandpaper holder, DVD disc

Twelve Apostles No. 2 – 02/15/2013
Parts for assembly: (third and fourth frames, branches of the third frame - 2 pcs., branches of the fourth frame - 2 pcs.), tweezers, file

Twelve Apostles No. 3 – 02.22.2013
Parts for assembly: (the first part of the central keel, the lower part of the fifth frame, elements for strengthening the keel joints - 2 pcs., anchor parts, brown thread 0.15 * 1000 mm, brown thread 1.5 * 1000 mm (?))

Twelve Apostles No. 4 – 03/01/2013
Parts for assembly: (the second half of the central part of the keel, the lower part of the sixth frame, the branches of the fifth frame - 2 pcs., the branches of the sixth frame - 2 pcs., elements for reinforcing the keel joints - 2 pcs.)

Twelve Apostles No. 5 – 03/08/2013
Parts for assembly: (aft part of the keel, part for forming the steps of the main mast, lower part of the seventh frame, parts of the working stand - 2 pcs., elements for reinforcing the keel joints - 2 pcs.)

Twelve Apostles No. 6 – 03/15/2013
Parts for assembly: (toptimbers of the seventh frame - 2 pcs., toptimbers of the eighth frame - 2 pcs., eighth frame - 1 pc., parts of the bow of the lower gun deck - 2 pcs.)

Twelve Apostles No. 7 – 03/28/2013
Parts for assembly: (parts of the ninth frame, parts of the working stand - 2 pcs., parts of the mars - 4 pcs.)

Twelve Apostles No. 8 – 03/29/2013
Parts for assembly: (parts of the tenth and eleventh frames, parts of the Mars.)

Twelve Apostles No. 9 – 04/09/2013
Parts for assembly: (parts of the twelfth and thirteenth frames, parts of the 24-pound carronade gun.)

Twelve Apostles No. 10 – 04/12/2013
Parts for assembly: (parts of the fourteenth and fifteenth frames, parts of the lower deck.)

Twelve Apostles No. 11 – 04/19/2013
Parts for assembly: (parts of the sixteenth and seventeenth frames, parts of the steering wheel.)

Twelve Apostles No. 12 – 04/26/2013
Parts for assembly: (parts of the eighteenth and nineteenth frames, parts of the contours of the bow end.)

Twelve Apostles No. 13 – 05/03/2013
Parts for assembly: (parts of the lower gun deck, parts of the contours of the aft end.)

Twelve Apostles No. 14 – 05/10/2013
Parts for assembly: (parts of the stern end, parts of the 24-pound carronade gun.)
Twelve Apostles No. 15 – 05/17/2013
Twelve Apostles No. 16 – 05/24/2013
Twelve Apostles No. 17 – 05/31/2013
Twelve Apostles No. 18 – 06/07/2013
Twelve Apostles No. 19 – 06/14/2013
Twelve Apostles No. 20 – 06/21/2013
Twelve Apostles No. 21 – 06/28/2013
Twelve Apostles No. 22 – 07/05/2013
Twelve Apostles No. 23 – 07/12/2013
Twelve Apostles No. 24 – 07/19/2013
Twelve Apostles No. 25 – 07.26.2013
Twelve Apostles No. 26 – 08/02/2013
Twelve Apostles No. 27 – 08/09/2013
Twelve Apostles No. 28 – 08/16/2013
Twelve Apostles No. 29 – 08/23/2013
Twelve Apostles No. 30 – 08/30/2013
Twelve Apostles No. 31 – 09/06/2013

Total planned 120 issues

Masterpieces of domestic shipbuilding

Collection of the Twelve Apostles invites the reader to assemble an exact scaled-down copy of a linear sailing ship from the time of Nicholas I, which was the pride of the Russian fleet. Even if you do not have the skills or practical experience in assembling similar models, thanks to the detailed illustrated instructions in the magazine, assembling a model of this ship will not be difficult at all.

Meticulous Detailing - Due to the exceptional detailing of all elements, the reader will be able to recreate the appearance of this magnificent vessel in great detail.

Full compliance with the original - all details and parts of the ship are made on a scale of 1:100.

An accurate reflection of the historical era - decorative elements reliably reproduce the ceremonial decoration of the sailboat.

Absolute correspondence of sails, rigging and spars - all elements of the ship's equipment are made with amazing precision.

The combination of metal and wood - the special chic of the model is given by the guns turned from metal and the stern made from special ship's wood.

Journal of the Twelve Apostles

Each issue of the collection is accompanied by a 20-page magazine that will introduce the reader to the main milestones of the domestic lot, the history of its development and the exploits of the sailors who fearlessly fought under the St. Andrew's banner. The magazine consists of two parts.

Historical part This part tells about the development of military fleets, from ancient times until the advent of steam traction, when the sail finally gave way to technical progress in its position on military ships. The history of the Russian fleet, its victories and defeats, occupies a special place here. The reader will learn a lot of interesting information from the sections that are separately devoted to the sails of the 20th and 21st centuries. The reader will discover the fascinating world of maritime history.
Assembly manual - the second part of the magazine The Twelve Apostles by DeAgostini In this section, readers will get acquainted with detailed instructions for assembling the ship model. Detailed illustrations will turn the assembly process into an exciting experience, and practical tips will help you avoid mistakes. The first issue contains advice for beginning modelers and recommendations on arranging a workplace, choosing tools, fixtures and consumables.

History of navies
Maritime Museum
Assembly Guide
Recommendations for modelers

The sailing ship "Twelve Apostles" is the largest Russian sailing ship. It was laid down at the Nikolaev shipyard in 1838, and launched and accepted into the fleet in July 1841. Construction took place under the supervision of the commander of the Black Sea Fleet, M.P. Lazarev. , and S.I. Chernyavsky supervised all construction robots. , who, at one time, went through an excellent school at the British Portsmouth Admiralty. He also determined the materials from which the ship would be built, as a result of which, even after 10 years, the ship looked excellent, despite the fact that the life ceiling of other ships was calculated at eight years.

« Twelve Apostles"refers to 120-gun ships of rank I, but in fact there were 130 guns on board. Here it is worth paying attention to a very important point: from this arsenal, 36 guns were 68-pound bomb guns, which were located on the ship’s gondeck (lower battery deck). They fired explosive shells and caused incredible damage to the hulls of wooden ships. Subsequently, it was they who became fatal in the fate of the entire world sailing fleet.

Captain Kornilov, the first captain of the “Twelve Apostles,” described him with the following words: “So good that it’s hard to do better.” The interior of the ship was not inferior to its superior strength. The officers compared it to the luxury of imperial ships: the captain's and admiral's cabins were decorated with mahogany, the wardroom had a beautiful marble fireplace, and the officers' cabins had fans that were used as air purifiers. The bow of the ship was decorated with a gilded double-headed eagle.

Before the start of the Crimean War, while in Sevastopol, the captain of the ship was given an order to transfer one and a half thousand soldiers to the Caucasus. After completing the task, due to overloads, a leak arose on the sailing ship, which prevented it from taking part in the Battle of Sinop on November 18, 1853. But two other ships took part in it, which were improved models of the “Twelve Apostles” - the ships “Paris” and “Grand Duke Constantine”. On February 13, 1855, the sailing ship "Twelve Apostles", along with its Black Sea brothers, was sunk at the entrance to the bay of Sevastopol, preventing the enemies from getting there.

Technical characteristics of the battleship "Twelve Apostles":

Displacement 4790 tons
Length 64.7 meters
Width 18.1 meters
Sail area 4000 square meters with foils and 2900 without them
Crew 1000 people
Arsenal: 130 guns
Maximum speed 12 knots