Nikita Khrushchev biography. "The Great Leap" by Nikita Khrushchev

Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev Date of birth: 1960 Date of death: February 22, 2007 Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich (1960 2007) journalist of the Moscow News newspaper, grandson ... Wikipedia

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Khrushchev's Shoe A widely circulated story is that on October 12, 1960, during a meeting of the 15th UN General Assembly, the First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Nikita Khrushchev began to knock on the table with his shoe. Contents 1 History 2 ... Wikipedia

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Khrushchev Russian noble family Khrushchev, Alexander Petrovich general, hero of the Crimean War. Khrushchev, Leonid Nikitovich, son of N.S. Khrushchev, military pilot, died. Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee from 1953 to 1964, Chairman of the Council ... Wikipedia

Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev was born on April 3 (15), 1894, in the village of Kalinovka, in the Kursk province, into a miner’s family.

In the summer he helped his family by working as a shepherd. In winter I studied at school. In 1908, he became an apprentice to a mechanic at the E.T. Bosse machine-building and iron foundry plant. In 1912 he began working as a mechanic at a mine. For this reason, in 1914 he was not taken to the front.

In 1918 he joined the Bolsheviks and took direct part in the Civil War. After 2 years he graduated from the army party school and participated in military events in Georgia.

In 1922 he became a student at the workers' department of the Dontechnikum in Yuzovka. In the summer of 1925 he became the party leader of the Petrovo-Maryinsky district of the Stalin district.

At the head of the USSR

Khrushchev took the initiative to remove and subsequently arrest L.P. Beria.

At the 20th Congress of the CPSU, he exposed the cult of personality of J.V. Stalin.

In October 1957, he took the initiative to remove Marshal G.K. Zhukov from the Presidium of the Central Committee and relieve him of the duties of the Ministry of Defense.

March 27, 1958 He was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union. At the 22nd Congress of the CPSU he came up with the idea of ​​a new party program. She was accepted.

Foreign policy

Studying the short biography of Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev , you should know that he was a prominent player on the foreign policy scene. He has repeatedly taken the initiative for simultaneous disarmament with the United States and an end to nuclear weapons testing.

In 1955 he visited Geneva and met with D. D. Eisenhower. From September 15 to 27, he visited the United States and spoke at the UN General Assembly. His bright, emotional speech went down in world history.

On June 4, 1961, Khrushchev met with D. Kennedy. This was the first and only meeting between the two leaders.

Reforms within the country

During Khrushchev's reign, the state economy turned sharply towards the consumer. In 1957, the USSR found itself in a state of default. Most citizens lost their savings.

In 1958, Khrushchev took the initiative against private farming. Since 1959, people living in the villages have been prohibited from keeping livestock. The personal livestock of collective farm residents was bought by the state.

Against the backdrop of mass slaughter of livestock, the situation of the peasantry worsened. In 1962, the “corn campaign” began. 37,000,000 hectares were sown, but only 7,000,000 hectares managed to mature.

Under Khrushchev, a course was set for the development of virgin lands and the rehabilitation of victims of Stalin's repressions. The principle of “permanence of personnel” was gradually implemented.

The heads of the union republics received more independence.

In 1961, the first manned space flight took place. In the same year, the Berlin Wall was erected.

Death

After being removed from power, N.S. Khrushchev lived in retirement for some time. He passed away on September 11, 1971. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Personal life

Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev was married 3 times. With my first wife , E.I. Pisareva, he lived in marriage for 6 years, until her death from typhus in 1920.

Khrushchev's great-granddaughter, Nina, now lives in the USA.

Other biography options

• In 1959, during the American National Exhibition, Khrushchev tried Pepsi-Cola for the first time, unwittingly becoming the advertising face of this brand, since the next day all publications in the world published this photo.
• Khrushchev’s famous phrase about “Kuzka’s mother” was translated verbatim. In the English version it sounded like “Mother of Kuzma,” which acquired a new, ominous connotation.

Name: Nikita Khrushchev

Age: 77 years old

Place of Birth: With. Kalinovka, Kursk province

A place of death: Moscow

Activity: statesman, first secretary of the CPSU Central Committee

Family status: was married

Nikita Khrushchev - biography

The well-known historical figure of Soviet times, Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, was the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. Reformer of many failed ideas. He was well remembered by everyone for his extraordinary character.

Nikita Khrushchev's childhood

Nikita was born in the poor Kursk province. The family was a miner and was not famous for its wealth, so the boy had to grow up early, helping his parents. No matter how poor Nikita’s parents lived, they decided that their son should study. And the boy attended a parochial school. He worked only in the summer, and then only as a shepherd.

Growing up Khrushchev

Later he got a job in a coal mine, became a member of the Bolshevik Party, and participated in the Civil War. Nikita Khrushchev very quickly made his way up the career ladder: he joined the Communist Party. Two years later, he was appointed head (policy) of one of the Donbass mines. Khrushchev decides to study and entered an industrial technical school. He does not give up his party work and soon becomes the party secretary at his technical school. At the congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), the young man meets Lazar Kaganovich, who liked Khrushchev’s assertiveness.

The rise and political career of Khrushchev

Nikita Sergeevich, thanks to the patronage of Kaganovich, receives a post in the Central Committee of the Communist Party in Ukraine. Education was needed, and Nikita Khrushchev entered the Industrial Academy in the capital. And in this educational institution, the future leader found a job to his liking: again politics and party activities. The authorities noticed this and appointed him to the post of second secretary of the City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Moscow. And a little later he replaced Kaganovich and became the head of the Moscow party organization.

New appointments of Nikita Sergeevich

The authorities in Ukraine needed Khrushchev; he was given great powers, appointing him First Secretary of the Ukrainian Republic. Khrushchev is remembered for the fact that at the end of the thirties he expelled about 120 thousand people from Ukraine, the so-called “enemies of the party.” The years of the Great Patriotic War showed that the Ukrainian leader was a partisan, rising to the rank of lieutenant general, and several defeats on the territory of Ukraine lie on his conscience. But there are no details about this in his biography. Immediately after the war, Nikita Sergeevich continued to lead the republic; in 1949 he was taken to Moscow.

Everyone knows what saddened the Soviet people in 1953. The country was in mourning because Stalin died. Lavrentiy Beria was supposed to replace the leader of the Soviet Union. But Khrushchev, together with those who were in power, made Beria an enemy of the people, shooting him for espionage. Nikita Sergeevich was elected first secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. While Khrushchev ruled the country, there were breakthroughs and failures in the Soviet Union's economy.

Reformer Nikita Khrushchev

There were also good moments in the reign of Nikita Sergeevich, which among the people and in the history of the country were called the “thaw”: the release of political prisoners repressed by Stalin began from the dungeons, freedom of speech began to appear, the Soviet Union began to open up to Western countries. During the leadership of Khrushchev, Soviet citizens had the opportunity to move into their own newly built apartments. The first space satellite and the first human cosmonaut to fly into space were under Nikita Sergeevich, he also contributed to the development of television and cinema.

Nikita Khrushchev - biography of personal life

Khrushchev was married twice and had five children. The first wife was Efrosinya Pisareva. They lived together for six years and raised their son Leonid and daughter Julia as long as Euphrosyne was alive. In her twenties she contracted typhus and died. Some sources talk about Nikita Sergeevich’s brief cohabitation with Nadezhda Gorskaya.

Soviet statesman. First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee from 1953 to 1964, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1958 to 1964. Chairman of the Bureau of the CPSU Central Committee for the RSFSR from 1956 to 1964. Hero of the Soviet Union, three times Hero of Socialist Labor. Being the first secretary of the Moscow city committee and regional committee of the All-Union Communist Party, he was an ex officio member of the troika of the NKVD of the USSR in the Moscow region.

Date and place of birth: April 15, 1894, Kalinovka, Dmitrievsky district, Kursk province, Russian Empire.

Biography and activities

Born on April 17, 1894 in the village of Kalinovka, now Dmitrievsky district, Kursk region, in a working-class family.

He received his primary education at a parochial school. Since 1908, he worked as a mechanic, a boiler cleaner, was a member of trade unions, and participated in workers’ strikes. In the winter he attended school and learned to read and write, and in the summer he worked as a shepherd.

In 1908, at the age of 14, having moved with his family to the Uspensky mine near Yuzovka, Khrushchev became an apprentice mechanic at the E. T. Bosse Machine-Building and Iron Foundry Plant, from 1912 he worked as a mechanic at the mine and, as a miner, was not taken to the front in 1914 year.

After the February Revolution of 1917, he was elected to the Rutchenkovsky Council of Workers' Deputies, during the days of the Kornilov rebellion he became a member of the local Military Revolutionary Committee, and in December - chairman of the trade union of metalworkers in the mining industry.

During the Civil War he fought on the side of the Bolsheviks. In 1918 he joined the Communist Party.

In 1922, he entered the workers' faculty of the Dontechnikum, where he became the party secretary of the technical school, and in July 1925 he was appointed party leader of the Petrovo-Maryinsky district of the Stalin province.

In 1929, Nikita Sergeevich entered the Industrial Academy in Moscow, where he was elected secretary of the party committee.

In 1935-1938, Khrushchev was the first secretary of the Moscow and Moscow City Party Committees - MK and MGK VKP.

In January 1938, he was appointed first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. In the same year he became a candidate, and in 1939 - a member of the Politburo.

During the Great Patriotic War, Khrushchev was a member of the military councils of the Main Command of the troops of the South-Western direction, South-Western, Stalingrad, South-Eastern, Southern, Voronezh, 1st Ukrainian fronts; led work on organizing the partisan movement in Ukraine.

In October 1942, an order signed by Stalin was issued abolishing the dual command system and transferring commissars from command personnel to advisers. Khrushchev was in the front command echelon behind Mamayev Kurgan, then at the tractor factory.

In 1943, Khrushchev was awarded the military rank of “lieutenant general.”

In 1944-1947 - Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (since 1946 - Council of Ministers) of the Ukrainian SSR. In December 1947, Khrushchev again headed the Communist Party of Ukraine, becoming the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine; He held this post until he moved to Moscow in December 1949.

On the last day of Stalin’s life, March 5, 1953, at the Joint Meeting of the Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee, the Council of Ministers and the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces, chaired by Khrushchev, it was recognized as necessary that he concentrate on work in the Party Central Committee.

Khrushchev was the leading initiator and organizer of the removal from all posts and arrest of Lavrentiy Beria in June 1953.

In March 1958, Khrushchev took the post of Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. He was elected as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st-6th convocations.

On October 14, 1964, the Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee, organized in the absence of N. S. Khrushchev, who was on vacation in Pitsunda, relieved him of his post as First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee “for health reasons.” The next day, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Khrushchev was relieved of his post as head of the Soviet government.

Leonid Brezhnev, who replaced Nikita Khrushchev as First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, according to the statements of the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine (1963-1972) Pyotr Efimovich Shelest, suggested that the Chairman of the KGB of the USSR V. E. Semichastny physically get rid of Khrushchev.

After this, N.S. Khrushchev retired. I recorded multi-volume memoirs on a tape recorder. He condemned their publication abroad.

Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev died of a heart attack on September 11, 1971, at the age of 78. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

X Ruschevka

Houses built by Khrushchev (colloquially “Khrushchevka”) are Soviet standard series of residential buildings, massively built in the USSR from the late 1950s to the early 1980s. The name is associated with N.S. Khrushchev, during whose tenure as head of the USSR most of these houses were built. Refers to functionalist architecture. Most Khrushchev buildings were built as temporary housing. However, subsequently, due to the insufficient volume of housing construction, the period of their use was constantly increasing.

At the very beginning of the 1950s, in large industrial centers of the USSR (Moscow, Sverdlovsk, Kuzbass), entire blocks of four-story capital buildings were built, the structures of which were pre-fabricated at the factory.

A large-scale transition to new, progressive solutions in the field of construction began with the Resolution of the CPSU Central Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers of August 19, 1954.

The first Khrushchev-era apartment buildings were built in a short time in 1956–1958 around the village of Cheryomushki near Moscow (between modern Grimau, Shvernik, Dmitry Ulyanov streets and 60th Anniversary of October Avenue); The sixteen experimental four-story houses had mostly four entrances and were arranged according to a carefully thought-out plan by landscaping specialists and landscape architects.

On July 31, 1957, the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a resolution “On the development of housing construction in the USSR,” which laid the foundation for new housing construction.

The construction of Khrushchev-era apartment buildings lasted from 1957 to 1985. The first revision of the Khrushchev projects was carried out in 1963-64. The construction of new modifications began after Khrushchev’s resignation in the second half of the 1960s, so such houses are classified as early Brezhnev buildings. In improved modifications, separate bathrooms and isolated rooms in two-room apartments appeared, the number of multi-room apartments increased, and high-rise buildings with an elevator and garbage chute appeared.

The abandonment of the construction of Khrushchev-era apartment buildings in favor of more comfortable housing began in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

About 290 million m2 were built in Russia. the total area of ​​Khrushchev-era buildings, which is about 10 percent of the country’s total housing stock

“THE GREAT LEAP” BY NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV

In 1930, as a student at the Industrial Academy named after I.V. Stalin in Moscow, he is elected (that’s what it means to “have a language” - L.B.) secretary of the party committee of the Industrial Academy. Soon Khrushchev learned that his 29-year-old classmate Nadezhda Alliluyeva, although she did not advertise it, was - who would have thought? - the “first red lady” of the Soviet state, the wife of Comrade Stalin himself, who was already 22 years older than his wife.

Realizing that this is a unique chance for his career, Khrushchev uses the “energy and determination” noticed in him by senior political officer Strashnenko, as well as his ability to “fully understand the situation” and sets a course for rapprochement with Nadezhda Sergeevna, in whom he now sees him “golden key”, that magical “Open Sesame” that will lead him to the Corridors of the Supreme Power. And he was not mistaken in his calculations! He managed to get Nadezhda Alliluyeva to put in a good word for him (and maybe more than one) with the leader.

And from this moment Khrushchev’s rapid rise to political Olympus began. Since January 1931, Khrushchev was secretary of the Baumansky and then Krasnopresnensky district party committees of Moscow. And already in his “Personal File” a new piece of paper appears - “Special remark of the certification commission,” where our “round C student” is translated as “raised in party work to the highest group of political personnel.”

Professor of the Industrial Academy named after I.V. Stalin, Alexander Solovyov wrote in his diary in January 1931: “I and some others are surprised by Khrushchev’s rapid leap. I studied very poorly at the Industrial Academy. Now the second secretary, together with Kaganovich. But surprisingly close-minded and a big sycophant.”

The founders of “mass repressions”

One of the main instigators of “mass repressions” in the USSR, which after the notorious report at the 20th Congress will be referred to as “Stalinist repressions,” was Nikita Khrushchev himself. Back in January 1936, he stated in one of his speeches: “Only 308 people were arrested; for our Moscow organization this is not enough.” In his speech at the February-March (1937) Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, he said: “Sometimes a man sits, enemies swarm around him, almost climb on his feet, but he doesn’t notice and puffs up, supposedly in my apparatus there are no strangers. This is from deafness, political blindness, from an idiotic disease - carelessness.”

He is echoed by one of the first rehabilitated “victims” of political repression - Robert Eikhe, since 1929 the first secretary of the Siberian and West Siberian regional committees and the Novosibirsk city committee of the CPSU (b), a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee. It was he who said: “We discovered many pests in Western Siberia. We uncovered the sabotage earlier than in other regions.”

By the way, it was precisely this excessive zeal, the massive scale of unfounded arrests, the encouragement of denunciation and falsification of criminal cases locally that was blamed on them, which is especially evident in the example of the same Trotskyist double-dealer Pavel Postyshev, who dissolved 30 district committees in the Kuibyshev region, whose members were declared enemies of the people and were repressed only because they did not see the image of a fascist swastika on the covers of student notebooks in the ornament! How could Postyshev not be repressed, despite all his past achievements?

In a word, our “hero”, the then “new nominee” Nikita Khrushchev, who with great joy took Kosior’s place in Ukraine and a place in the Stalinist Politburo, was the winner. Already in June 1938, that is, exactly six months after the appointment of Khrushchev, one of the delegates to the Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine, the future head of the Sovinformburo, Colonel General A. Shcherbakov, noted: “The real merciless defeat of the enemies of the people in Ukraine began after the Central Committee sent Comrade Khrushchev to lead the Bolsheviks of Ukraine. Now the working people of Ukraine can be sure that the destruction of the agents of the Polish lords and German barons will be completed.”

N.S. KHRUSHCHEV AND ARCHITECTURE

The Stalinist style and the Khrushchev style remained from Soviet times. There is no Leninist style, no Brezhnevian style, no Gorbachevian style. Only Stalin and Khrushchev left behind a visible image of the country of their time, the image of a Soviet city.

The five-story building can be included in the Guinness Book of Records as the project with the largest number of copies. There are several million copies of these standard five-story buildings. They are located all over Russia, they were exported to China, to Vietnam: entire areas there were built up with such buildings. Almost the same five-story buildings exist in all major cities of the world. This project was invented in France in 1958 by engineer Lagutenko, and the first series of five-story buildings was called K-7.

Without an elevator, with a shared bathroom - small and cheap housing for the general population. The principle itself was simple: the building was manufactured at a factory using a conveyor belt method and assembled on site from parts, which is why there were so many copies. After purchasing the French project, it was remade to suit Soviet realities and, based on the basic one, about fifteen series of different five-story buildings were developed - with garbage chutes, balconies, and the like. On state farms and small towns, three- and four-story houses were built according to the same designs, simply without completing one or two floors.

In the early 60s, nine-story buildings also appeared. Actually, during Khrushchev’s time, only these two types of houses were built, with the exception, of course, of houses based on individual projects, including residential ones. Perhaps the last mass development throughout the Soviet Union took place during the time of Khrushchev. The main buildings are Khrushchev-esque: right down to bus stops, markets, cinemas. In small provincial towns it is clearly visible that the last time civilization came there was with Khrushchev. Many supporters of Stalin like to refute the assertion that it was Khrushchev that the Soviet people owed to Khrushchev for the massive construction of housing. At the same time, no one argues that these five-story buildings solved the housing problem and provided Soviet citizens with separate apartments on a massive scale. But this category of people claims that Khrushchev only implemented a project that was born long before him, that is, under Stalin. And accordingly, Stalin should be called the father of this project.

The very renovation of architecture that took place was in line with advanced global trends. And it was expressed in the rejection of Stalinist neoclassicism. The same dominance of neoclassicism before the Second World War was observed in all totalitarian countries - in Germany, Italy and Japan, and even in many democratic countries. After the war, Europe experienced an incredible craving for renewal. And in fact, in all countries, starting from 1950, modernism began to win. This was especially clear in Berlin, where Stalinist buildings were being built in the Soviet zone, and panel houses were already growing behind the wall. This was the global trend. And in this sense, it was very correct that the USSR stood on the same rails as the whole world.

under Khrushchev, not only five-story buildings were built. Every political leader wants to leave something behind in architecture. After Stalin, the grandiose Moscow skyscrapers remained, and after Khrushchev, the Palace of Congresses and New Arbat.

Under Khrushchev, there was the second wave of demolition of historical monuments after the 20s. He fought against vestiges of religion, closed and demolished monasteries. During the construction of the Palace of Congresses, the Chudov Monastery was destroyed, and New Arbat passed through residential areas.

X Rushchev and the Corn Campaign

In 1955, the First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee N. S. Khrushchev met the American farmer Roswell Garst, who spoke about the role of corn in US agriculture and its advantages. Subsequently, during a trip to the United States, I had the opportunity to personally become acquainted with the American culture of growing corn, which in terms of area sown and yield was far ahead of the traditional grain crops of the USSR. In addition, corn provided valuable industrial raw materials, so it was decided to reorient USSR agriculture towards this crop.

It was planned to triple the growth rate of cattle in 1959-1965 by expanding corn crops. Party delegates were sent to the north and east to promote culture. By the early 1960s, a quarter of arable land was occupied by corn, for which fallow floodplain lands were also plowed up, providing especially valuable hay.

Corn harvests were much lower than expected and by the mid-1960s, corn plantings began to decline.

B otinok Khrushchev

A widely circulated story is that on October 12, 1960, during a meeting of the 15th UN General Assembly, the First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Nikita Khrushchev began to bang his shoe on the table

On that day, there was a discussion of the “Hungarian question,” and Khrushchev, along with other members of the Soviet delegation, tried in every possible way to disrupt it. According to the testimony of Khrushchev’s contemporaries, Anastas Mikoyan and Viktor Sukhodrev (Khrushchev’s personal translator, who was present at that meeting), things happened as follows: Khrushchev did not have a shoe, but open shoes (like modern sandals). During the speaker’s speech, Khrushchev took off his shoe and began to deliberately examine and shake it for a long time, raising it at head level, and also lightly tapped it on the table several times, as if trying to knock out a pebble that had allegedly rolled there. By these actions, Khrushchev demonstrated that he was not interested in the report.

Khrushchev’s son Sergei, who was present at that UN meeting, said that Khrushchev’s shoe came off in the crowd, and then security brought it to him. He, tapping on the table as a sign of disagreement with the performance, began to help with his shoe.

The next day, The New York Times published an article entitled “Khrushchev Knocks His Shoe on the Table.” It published a photograph showing Khrushchev and Gromyko, with a low shoe standing on the table in front of Nikita Sergeevich.

At the same meeting, Khrushchev called the Filipino speaker “a lackey of American imperialism,” confounding the translators.

From the memoirs of A. A. Gromyko:

“XV session of the UN General Assembly. Autumn 1960. The Soviet delegation there was headed by the head of government N.S. Khrushchev; British delegation - Prime Minister Macmillan.

The discussion was heated at times. Clashes between the Soviet Union and the leading countries of the NATO bloc were felt not only during discussions at the sessions, but also during the work of all bodies of the General Assembly - its many committees and subcommittees.

I remember Macmillan’s rather harsh speech on fundamental issues of relations between East and West. The delegates listened to him attentively. Suddenly, in the part of the speech where MacMillan used particularly harsh words against the Soviet Union and its friends, Khrushchev bent down, took off his shoe and began to bang it forcefully on the table at which he was sitting. And since there were no papers in front of him, the sound of the shoe hitting the wood was solid and was heard throughout the entire room.

This was a unique case in the history of the UN. We have to give Macmillan credit. He did not pause, but continued to read out his prepared speech, pretending that nothing special had happened.

Meanwhile, the General Assembly hall froze, watching this highly original and intense scene.

Soviet and American guards immediately formed a ring around the Soviet delegation. I was sitting to the right of Khrushchev, to the left was the permanent representative of the USSR to the UN, V. A. Zorin. They sat quietly and, of course, did not applaud.

Next door to the table was the table of the Spanish delegation. The diplomats sitting at this table ducked down a little, just in case.

Now it may look funny, but at that moment we were not laughing. The atmosphere in the hall was tense. One of the Spaniards with the rank of ambassador stood up, took a step forward, just in case, away from the boot, turned around and loudly shouted to Khrushchev in English:

Vi do not like yu! Vi do not like yu!

Nobody saw anything surprising in this, because at that time our relations with Spain were bad, and there were no diplomatic ones. The country was still ruled by Franco.

It may seem strange now, but there was not a single laughing person either in the delegate hall or in the public gallery. Everyone was just surprised, as if they were present at some incomprehensible ritual that excited the audience.”

Nikita Khrushchev and Disneyland

In 1951, the then leader of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev, flew to the United States for business purposes. But the trip was not limited to a meeting with American President Dwight Eisenhower. During the visit, Khrushchev also visited the famous Hollywood film studio 20th Century Fox, where he met many popular actors.

Now a small lyrical digression. The words spoken by the leader of the USSR a month before his visit to the USA: “Whether you like it or not, history is on our side. We will bury you” were instantly replicated by all the world’s media. By pronouncing them, Khrushchev only meant that socialism would outlive capitalism. But the head of the Hollywood film studio, Spyros Skouras, known for his anti-communist views, was struck by this phrase. And when he had the opportunity to talk face to face, he told the Soviet leader that it was not the USSR, but Los Angeles that did not want to bury someone, but would definitely take such a step if the need arose. Khrushchev regarded this speech as a mockery.

The situation became even more tense when the leadership of the United States, for security reasons, decided not to let Khrushchev into Disneyland.

The Soviet leader did not like this, to put it mildly. Nikita Sergeevich replied: “Are you hiding rockets at Disneyland? Or is there a cholera epidemic raging there? Maybe Disneyland has been taken over by bandits? Are your police not strong enough to deal with them? In a word, the trip was unsuccessful. And it only added tension to the relations of the world's dominant states.

Source – maxpark.com, biography.wikireading.ru, studopedia.ru, Wikipedia, publy.ru

Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev - BIOGRAPHY, ACTIVITIES AND HOW THE LEADER RISE IN THOSE YEARS updated: October 24, 2017 by: website

THE THAW WITH ELEMENTS OF REPRESSION

ON THIS TOPIC

The period of Khrushchev's reign has gone down in history as a thaw, but if we analyze everything that happened during the 11 years he was in power, the picture emerges, frankly speaking, not so good. Yes, Khrushchev’s merits in debunking the cult of personality and rehabilitating victims of mass repressions have certainly gone down in history. There were real breakthroughs during his reign: remember, for example, the flight of the first man into space or the flourishing of mass housing construction.

But, along with this, in the 60s, the most severe anti-religious campaign in the post-war period was organized in the USSR, the term “punitive psychiatry” appeared, and in Novocherkassk workers who took to the streets due to rising food prices were shot.

One can also recall the trials with the death penalty against currency traders and shopkeepers, whom Soviet propaganda called plunderers of socialist property, and the adoption of erroneous decisions in agriculture, the suppression of the uprising in Hungary in 1956, and the persecution of Boris Pasternak.

Finally, under Khrushchev, tensions between the USSR and the United States increased. The Cold War and the Cuban Missile Crisis almost led to a global nuclear disaster. The policy of the CPSU Central Committee under the leadership of Nikita Sergeevich on de-Stalinization led to a break with the communist regimes of Mao Zedong in China and Enver Hoxha in Albania.

So it is better to evaluate all the well-known merits of Khrushchev that are associated with his name through the prism of real historical events. The thaw, of course, went down in history, but the sediment, as they say, remained.

CORN – QUEEN OF FIELDS

The massive popularization of corn in agriculture during the years of Khrushchev's leadership of the country encountered several negative factors. As a result, Nikita Sergeevich was unable to make corn for the queen of the fields. The climatic conditions of the country were not taken into account: corn grows only in regions with a hot climate, so it was not possible to sow the entire country with it.

The story with corn began like this: in 1955, Khrushchev met the American farmer Roswell Garst, who spoke about the role of corn in American agriculture. Then the Soviet leader visited the United States, where he personally became acquainted with the crop of corn, which in terms of acreage and yield was far ahead of the traditional grain crops of the USSR.

It was decided to reorient agriculture towards this crop. It was planned to triple the growth rate of cattle by expanding corn crops; party delegates were sent to promote the crop to the north and east of the country.

By the early 1960s, a quarter of the arable land in the USSR was occupied by corn, for which fallow floodplain lands were also plowed up, providing especially valuable hay. As a result, corn yields were much lower than expected, and by the mid-1960s, corn plantings began to decline. Khrushchev's corn campaign failed.

FROM THE LORD'S SHOULDER

Khrushchev gave Crimea to Ukraine - this is what they usually say when recalling the events of 1954. In fact, no one gave anything to anyone. At that time, the Soviet Union was a single state and the borders between the republics existed only on the map. The formal transfer of the Crimean region to the Ukrainian SSR could not in any way influence public sentiment at that time, much less the emergence of interethnic problems.

In Khrushchev's decree, the legal reassignment of the region was explained by the commonality of the economy, territorial proximity and close economic and cultural ties between the Crimean region and the Ukrainian SSR. True, even now many historians are confident that this statement is not true.

According to some researchers, this transfer turned out to be a forced measure due to the difficult economic situation on the peninsula caused by post-war devastation and labor shortage after the deportation of the Crimean Tatars. According to other researchers, the statement about the difficult economic situation of Crimea before joining the Ukrainian SSR is not true - by 1954, the Crimean economy had already reached the pre-war level of development, and surpassed it in industrial development.

The version of Khrushchev's son Sergei is closest to the truth. He argued that the transfer of Crimea was necessary in order to legally and financially formalize the process of construction of the North Crimean Canal; it was supposed to provide water to the arid territories of the Kherson and Crimean regions with water intake from the Kakhovka reservoir, specially built in the lower reaches of the Dnieper. Since according to the project the canal passed through the territory of two Soviet republics, it was decided to ensure that the water artery was located exclusively in Ukraine.

KHRUSHCHEV'S BOOT

A photograph went around the whole world of Khrushchev knocking his shoe on the UN podium in New York. In fact, this is a skillful photomontage; Nikita Sergeevich did not knock on any shoes (at least on the podium in the main meeting room of the international organization), but this story has its own explanation and, in a slightly modified form, still took place.

On October 12, 1960, during a meeting of the 15th UN Assembly, the Hungarian issue was discussed, and Khrushchev, along with other members of the Soviet delegation, tried in every possible way to disrupt it. According to one version, things happened as follows: Khrushchev had on his feet that day not boots, but open shoes, like modern sandals.

During the speech of one Filipino speaker, Khrushchev took off his shoe and began to deliberately examine and shake it for a long time, raising it at head level, and also lightly tapped it on the table several times, as if trying to knock out a pebble that had allegedly rolled there. By these actions, the Soviet leader demonstrated that he was not interested in the report.

Khrushchev's son Sergei, who was present at that meeting, told a completely different story: a shoe from Khrushchev's foot flew into the crowd in front of the entrance to the meeting room, and then security brought it to him. He, tapping the table with his hand as a sign of disagreement with the speaker’s speech, began to help with his shoe.

Another witness, Life magazine photographer John Longard, voiced another version. According to him, Khrushchev certainly did not knock his shoes on the table, although he intended to do so. The leader of the Soviet country took off his shoe, put it on the table and showed with his free hand that he was going to hit the table with it. All the journalists in the room pointed their cameras at Khrushchev, awaiting his next actions, but he just put his shoe on his foot and left.

HAPPINESS IN KHRUSHCHEVKI

Millions of Soviet citizens said “thank you” to Nikita Sergeevich for improving their living conditions. The famous Khrushchev buildings began to be built en masse in the late 50s. For those who lived in barracks or communal apartments with one toilet for ten families, moving to a five-story panel house without an elevator or garbage chute seemed like a lifelong dream.

Small kitchenettes, in which, after purchasing a minimum set of furniture and a refrigerator, there was still room for two people; tiny bathrooms, where a person of a heavy build cannot turn around: a tiny corridor and thin walls through which you can hear your neighbor’s snoring. Today, such conditions seem not at all comfortable, but in the era of Khrushchev, moving to a new house was a real holiday for the whole family.

Of course, Khrushchev solved the housing problem at that time, but neither the authorities nor the architects then even thought about what would happen to these houses in 30-40 or 50 years. Their resource is now almost exhausted, which is why (so far only in Moscow) a decision was made to demolish Khrushchev-era buildings and resettle residents to new houses.

History still has not given an answer as to what happened more during the reign of Nikita Khrushchev - successes or downfalls. In terms of grandiose achievements, the Thaw was marked by a huge list of victories, but, on the other hand, many mistakes were made, which in fact became the prologue to Brezhnev’s stagnation and the gradual sliding of the country to the point of no return. After all, from the moment Khrushchev was removed from power until the collapse of the USSR, some 27 years passed: in a global historical context, these are seconds on the clock of eternity.