Malays, Malay language, Malays of Malaysia, Malay nation, photo. Meaning of the word Malays Malay tribe

Malays - 1 The Malays themselves are an Austronesian Muslim people in Southeast Asia who speak the Malay language of the Austronesian family of languages. In ancient times, the Malays used the South Indian script, from the 14th-15th centuries. - Arabic alphabet. Regions with significant Malay populations: Brunei, Timor, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Pattani (in Thailand). Other regions where Malays live: Australia, Canada, Comoros, Germany, Japan, Myanmar, Netherlands, Palau, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Hainan, Hong Kong, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Reunion.

2 . Peoples of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of languages related to the Malays. Sometimes this term is used in this broader sense. Languages: Malay, Indonesian, Tagalog, Javanese, Tetum and hundreds of other languages. Religion: Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, tribal religions. This also includes ethnic groups such as Chams , Jarai, aborigines of Taiwan, Polynesia, Micronesia and other peoples of the Austronesian language family. In general, these inhabit a large group of islands called the Malay Archipelago and other neighboring territories. In ancient times they founded a number of Islamic sultanates, the kingdom of Pattani, the kingdom of Champa (Champa) in Vietnam. The Malays are related to the Polynesians and Micronesians who inhabit the Pacific Islands. Malay skin color ranges from light bronze to dark brown.

Etymology of "Malays"

According to the History of Jambi, the word "Malay" comes from the name of the Melayu River, which flows next to the Batang Hari River, or now Muara Jambi, in the Jambi Province of Sumatra. The founder of Malacca, Parameshwara, was the prince of Palembang, which belonged to the Malayu people. I Ching (635-713) indicates in his diary that a people called “ma-la-yu” already existed then. According to archaeological research in Jambi, many ancient artifacts and architecture of Malaya have been found there. The word "Malay" came into English and Dutch via Portuguese in the form "Malayo", and was derived from the native "Melayu". According to popular theory, it means “fugitives” or “settlers”, in view of the great mobility of this people. In 1775, the doctoral dissertation of anthropologist I. F. Blumenbach distinguishes four races based on skin color; Caucasian (white), Ethiopian (black), American (red), Mongoloid (yellow). In 1795, he introduced another concept: the Malay race, as a subspecies of the Mongoloid. He described it as “brown.” He applied this term to the inhabitants of the Mariana, Philippine, Moluccas, Sunda, Tahiti and other islands of the Pacific Ocean. Beginning with Blumenbach, many anthropologists adhere to the same classification. The term "Malays" is perceived by many Filipinos to refer to the indigenous population of the country, as well as to the peoples of neighboring countries, Indonesia and Malaysia. American anthropologist H. Otley Bayer theorized that Filipinos were descended from Malays who migrated from Indonesia and Malaysia. This idea was adopted by Philippine historians and introduced into the school curriculum. However, a number of anthropologists believe that, on the contrary, the Malays migrated south from the Philippines to Indonesia and Malaysia. This is Peter Bellwood, Robert Blust. Malcolm Ross, Andrew Pawley, Lawrence Reid.

Malay settlement area

In a broad sense, the term "Malay" is used for all peoples inhabiting the Malay Archipelago. These are the Aceh, Minangkabau, Batak, Mandailings living in Sumatra, Javanese and Sunda in Java, Banjars, Ibans, Adazans and Melanau in Borneo, Bugis and Toraja in Sulawesi, ethnic groups in the Philippines such as Tagalogs, Ilocanos, Ifugaos on the island. Luzon, Visayas in the central Philippines, Maguindanao, Tausug and Bajau in Mindanao, peoples of the Sulu Archipelago and East Timor. In a narrow sense, this name belongs to the people who migrated from the east of Sumatra to the Malay Peninsula or the Riau Archipelago, they are called the “Riau Malays”. In a narrow sense, the area of settlement of the Malays is Malaysia and Indonesia. In Malaysia, the Malays are those whose ancestors are Malays, who speak Malay, profess Islam and belong to the Malay culture. Other groups classified as Malays living outside the Malay Archipelago are - Chams (in Cambodia and Vietnam), Ugsuls living on the island. Hainan. Descendants of the Malays live today in Sri Lanka, South Africa, Australia and Madagascar.

Languages

The language of the Malays proper is Malay, the official language of Malaysia. It was also adopted as a state language in Indonesia, and in 1945 it received the name Indonesian there. It is used as a language of interethnic communication, since the peoples of Indonesia have their own languages.

Other languages related to Malay are classified as a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian language branch, which is part of the Austronesian language family. This includes languages such as Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia), Malay (Bahasa Melayu), Tagalog, other languages of the Philippines, Tetum (East Timor), and the Malagasy language of Madagascar. This also includes the Polynesian branch, which includes Samoan, Hawaiian, Rapanui and Maori in New Zealand.

Arts and culture

In ancient times, the Malays used the South Indian alphabet, from the 14th-15th centuries. - Arabic, now the Malay language uses Latin script.

The most ancient examples of literature are pantuns (quatrains), sedjars (genealogy chronicles), hikayats (knightly novels), tales, for example, about Kanchila, the dwarf deer. Abdullah bin Abdulkadir Munshi (1796-1854) stood at the origins of new literature. In 1956, the National Writers' Union was created in Kuala Lumpur.

In music, there is a unique singing style called keronchong. The national orchestra is called nobat, consists of 3 drums, 2 flutes, gongs. The leading part is played by the serunai flute.

National theater - wayang kulit, puppet theater. National dances are developed. There is another type of theater - bangsawan, which travels around the villages, performing performances in the meeting house. In the 20th century it was supplanted by cinema, but a little later it was revived.

One of the favorite entertainments, cockfighting, is now prohibited.

In Malaysia and Indonesia, the national sport is silat, a karate-type hand-to-hand combat. Competitions in it are now held in a non-contact version. The competition is accompanied by kite flying.

Links and sources

"Encyclopedia "Peoples and Religions of the World", ed. V. A. Tishkov, M. - 1998.
S. V. Bychkov. Along the green hills of Malaysia, M.-1979.
English section of Wikipedia, article “Malays”.
Pogadaev, V. “Love comes after the wedding” - “Asia and Africa today”, N 4, 1999, pp. 79-80.ak: Malay people

In ancient times, the Malays used the South Indian script, from the 14th-15th centuries. - Arabic alphabet. Regions with significant Malay populations: Brunei, Timor, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Pattani (in Thailand). Other regions where Malays live: Australia, Canada, Comoros, Germany, Japan, Myanmar, Netherlands, Palau, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Hainan, Hong Kong, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Reunion.

Peoples of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of languages related to the Malays. Sometimes this term is used in this broader sense. Languages: Malay, Indonesian, Tagalog, Javanese, Tetum and others. The total number of Austronesian languages exceeds 1000, which is associated with the isolated life of peoples on a large number of islands. Religions: Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, tribal religions. This also includes such ethnic groups as the Chams, Jarai, aborigines of Taiwan, Polynesia, Micronesia and other peoples of the Austronesian language family. In general, these peoples inhabit a large group of islands called the Malay Archipelago and other neighboring territories. In ancient times they founded a number of Islamic sultanates, the kingdom of Pattani, the kingdom of Champa (Champa) in Vietnam. The Malays are related to the Polynesians and Micronesians who inhabit the Pacific Islands. Malay skin color ranges from light bronze to dark brown.

Etymology

According to the History of Jambi, the word "Malay" comes from the name of the Melayu River, which flows next to the Batang Hari River, or now Muara Jambi, in the Jambi province of Sumatra. The founder of Malacca, Parameshwara, was the prince of Palembang, which belonged to the Malayu people. I Ching (635-713) indicates in his diary that a people called “ma-la-yu” already existed then. According to archaeological research in Jambi, many ancient artifacts and architecture of Malaya have been found there. The word "Malay" came into English and Dutch via Portuguese in the form "Malayo", and was derived from the native "Melayu". According to popular theory, it means “fugitives” or “migrants”, due to the great mobility of this people.

In 1775, the doctoral dissertation of anthropologist I. F. Blumenbach distinguishes four races based on skin color; Caucasian (white), Ethiopian (black), American (red), Mongoloid (yellow). In 1795, he introduced another concept: the Malay race, as a subspecies of the Mongoloid. He described her as "brown". He applied this term to the inhabitants of the Mariana, Philippine, Moluccas, Sunda, Tahiti and other islands of the Pacific Ocean. Since Blumenbach, many anthropologists have followed the same classification.

The term "Malays" is perceived by many Filipinos, referring it to the indigenous population of the country, as well as to the peoples of neighboring countries, Indonesia and Malaysia. American anthropologist H. Otley Bayer theorized that Filipinos were descended from Malays who migrated from Indonesia and Malaysia. This idea was adopted by Philippine historians and introduced into the school curriculum. However, a number of anthropologists believe that, on the contrary, the Malays migrated south from the Philippines to Indonesia and Malaysia - Peter Bellwood, Robert Blust, Malcom Ross, Andrew Pawley, Lawrence Reid.

Settlement area

In a broad sense, the term "Malay" is used for all peoples inhabiting the Malay Archipelago. These are the Aceh, Minangkabau, Batak, Mandailings living in Sumatra, Javanese and Sunda in Java, Banjars, Ibans, Adazans and Melanau in Borneo, Bugis and Toraja in Sulawesi, ethnic groups in the Philippines such as Tagalogs, Ilocanos, Ifugaos on the island. Luzon, Visayas in the central Philippines, Maguindanao, Tausug and Bajau in Mindanao, peoples of the Sulu Archipelago and East Timor. In a narrow sense, this name belongs to the people who migrated from the east of Sumatra to the Malay Peninsula or the Riau Archipelago, they are called the “Riau Malays”. In a narrow sense, the area of settlement of the Malays is Malaysia and Indonesia. In Malaysia, Malays are those whose ancestors are Malay, who speak Malay, practice Islam and belong to the Malay culture. Other groups classified as Malays living outside the Malay Archipelago are the Chams (in Cambodia and Vietnam), the Ugsuls living on the island. Hainan. Descendants of the Malays live today in Sri Lanka, South Africa, Australia and Madagascar.

Languages

Other languages related to Malay are classified as a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian language branch, which is part of the Austronesian language family. This includes languages such as Indonesian, Malay, Tagalog, other languages of the Philippines, Tetum (East Timor), and the Malagasy language of Madagascar. This also includes the Polynesian branch, which includes Samoan, Hawaiian, Rapanui and Maori in New Zealand.

Cloth

Traditional clothing for men consists of a long shirt and trousers (Baju Melayu) and a sarong, which is wrapped around the waist and hangs over the trousers. The headdress is a songkok cap; on the biggest occasions, a folded headscarf is worn in a special way - tanjak or tengkolok. Women wear a sarong and a long, loose blouse (baju kurung) or a short, tight-fitting blouse (baju kebaya) with the sarong.

Arts and culture

In ancient times, the Malays used the South Indian alphabet, from the 14th-15th centuries. - Arabic, now the Malay language uses Latin script in writing.

In music, there is a unique singing style called keronchong. The national orchestra is called nobat, consists of 3 drums, 2 flutes, gongs. The leading part is played by the serunai flute.

National theater - wayang kulit (leather puppet theater). National dances are developed. There is another type of theater - the Malay opera bangsawan, which travels to villages and holds performances in the meeting house. In the 20th century it was supplanted by cinema, but a little later it was revived.

Among the most popular entertainments are cock and buffalo fights (now prohibited), kite flying (wow), playing sepak takraw (Malay volleyball), top launching (gasing), boat racing, national types of wrestling (silat) such as karate).

Life Cycle Rites

Among the life cycle rites are ceremonies at the birth of a child, ear piercing for girls aged 5-10 years and circumcision for boys, engagement, wedding ceremony, which are accompanied by refreshments and prayers in Arabic. The wedding is conducted in accordance with Muslim laws, but the wedding ceremony itself contains many elements of pre-Muslim beliefs. The funeral ceremony is also in line with Islamic practice: the body is wrapped in a white shroud and buried with its head towards Mecca.

Malay cuisine

The basis of the food is rice with various ingredients: meat, vegetables, fish. An important element of many dishes is coconut milk (santan) and various spices. It is prohibited to eat pork, meat of predatory animals and birds, rodents, reptiles, worms, dead or

Malays:

The Malays proper are an Austronesian people in Southeast Asia who speak the Malay language of the Austronesian family of languages. In ancient times, the Malays used the South Indian script, from the 14th-15th centuries. - Arabic alphabet. Regions with significant Malay populations: Brunei, Timor, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Pattani (in Thailand). Other regions where Malays live: Australia, Canada, Comoros, Germany, Japan, Myanmar, Netherlands, Palau, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Hainan, Hong Kong, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Reunion.
Peoples of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of languages related to the Malays. Sometimes this term is used in this broader sense. Languages: Malay, Indonesian, Tagalog, Javanese, Tetum and others. The total number of Austronesian languages exceeds 1000, which is associated with the isolated life of peoples on a large number of islands. Religions: Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, tribal religions. This also includes such ethnic groups as the Chams, Jarai, aborigines of Taiwan, Polynesia, Micronesia and other peoples of the Austronesian language family. In general, these peoples inhabit a large group of islands called the Malay Archipelago and other neighboring territories. In ancient times they founded a number of Islamic sultanates, the kingdom of Pattani, the kingdom of Champa (Champa) in Vietnam. The Malays are related to the Polynesians and Micronesians who inhabit the Pacific Islands. Malay skin color ranges from light bronze to dark brown.

Etymology

Settlement area

In a broad sense, the term "Malay" is used for all peoples inhabiting the Malay Archipelago. These are the Aceh, Minangkabau, Batak, Mandailings living in Sumatra, Javanese and Sunda in Java, Banjars, Ibans, Adazans and Melanau in Borneo, Bugis and Toraja in Sulawesi, ethnic groups in the Philippines such as Tagalogs, Ilocanos, Ifugaos on the island. Luzon, Visayas in the central Philippines, Maguindanao, Tausug and Bajau in Mindanao, peoples of the Sulu Archipelago and East Timor. In a narrow sense, this name belongs to the people who migrated from the east of Sumatra to the Malay Peninsula or the Riau Archipelago, they are called the “Riau Malays”. In a narrow sense, the area of settlement of the Malays is Malaysia and Indonesia. In Malaysia, Malays are those whose ancestors are Malay, who speak Malay, practice Islam and belong to the Malay culture. Other groups classified as Malays living outside the Malay Archipelago are the Chams (in Cambodia and Vietnam), the Ugsuls living on the island. Hainan. Descendants of the Malays live today in Sri Lanka, South Africa, Australia and Madagascar.

Languages

Other languages related to Malay are classified as a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian language branch, which is part of the Austronesian language family. This includes languages such as Indonesian, Malay, Tagalog, other languages of the Philippines, Tetum (East Timor), and the Malagasy language of Madagascar. This also includes the Polynesian branch, which includes Samoan, Hawaiian, Rapanui and Maori in New Zealand.

Cloth

Arts and culture

In ancient times, the Malays used the South Indian alphabet, from the 14th-15th centuries. - Arabic, now the Malay language uses Latin script in writing.

In music, there is a unique singing style called keronchong. The national orchestra is called nobat, consists of 3 drums, 2 flutes, gongs. The leading part is played by the serunai flute.

Life Cycle Rites

Malay cuisine

Holidays

The main religious holidays: Aidilfitri or Hari Raya Puasa (end of Muslim fasting), Aidiladha, or Korban (day of sacrifice), Maulud Nabi (birthday of the Prophet Muhammad), Aval Muharram (pilgrim day).

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Notes

Literature

Encyclopedia "Peoples and Religions of the World", ed. V. A. Tishkova, M.-1998.
S. V. Bychkov. Along the green hills of Malaysia, M.-1979.
Pogadaev, V. A. M.: Ant-guide, 2000.
Malays: Ethnogenesis, statehood, traditional culture (MII. Issue IV). M.: Moscow branch of the Russian Geographical Society, 1991.
Pogadaev, V. A. Malay world (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore). Linguistic and regional dictionary. Over 9000 dictionary entries / Pogadaev, V.A. Dunia Melayu (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura). Kamus Lingua-Budaya / Pogadaev, V.A. Malay World (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore). Lingua-Cultural Dictionary). M.: Oriental Book, 2012 ISBN 978-5-7873-0658-3

Gallery

Mutual rice feeding ceremony during a Malay wedding

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Malaika sorting vegetables in the kitchen

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Malay children in the national costume "Baju Melayu"

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Malay sweets

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Malay wedding food

Excerpt characterizing the Malays

- How good! Will not yield to Marya Antonovna; Look how both young and old flock to her. She is both good and smart... They say the prince... is crazy about her. But these two, although not good, are even more surrounded.
She pointed to a lady passing through the hall with a very ugly daughter.
“This is a millionaire bride,” said Peronskaya. - And here are the grooms.
“This is Bezukhova’s brother, Anatol Kuragin,” she said, pointing to the handsome cavalry guard who walked past them, looking somewhere from the height of his raised head across the ladies. - How good! is not it? They say they will marry him to this rich woman. And your sauce, Drubetskoy, is also very confusing. They say millions. “Why, it’s the French envoy himself,” she answered about Caulaincourt when the countess asked who it was. - Look like some kind of king. But still, the French are nice, very nice. No miles for society. And here she is! No, our Marya Antonovna is the best! And how simply dressed. Lovely! “And this fat one, with glasses, is a world-class pharmacist,” said Peronskaya, pointing to Bezukhov. “Put him next to your wife: he’s a fool!”
Pierre walked, waddling his fat body, parting the crowd, nodding right and left as casually and good-naturedly as if he were walking through the crowd of a bazaar. He moved through the crowd, obviously looking for someone.
Natasha looked with joy at the familiar face of Pierre, this pea jester, as Peronskaya called him, and knew that Pierre was looking for them, and especially her, in the crowd. Pierre promised her to be at the ball and introduce her to the gentlemen.
But, before reaching them, Bezukhoy stopped next to a short, very handsome brunette in a white uniform, who, standing at the window, was talking with some tall man in stars and ribbon. Natasha immediately recognized the short young man in a white uniform: it was Bolkonsky, who seemed to her very rejuvenated, cheerful and prettier.
– Here’s another friend, Bolkonsky, do you see, mom? - Natasha said, pointing to Prince Andrei. – Remember, he spent the night with us in Otradnoye.
- Oh, do you know him? - said Peronskaya. - Hate. Il fait a present la pluie et le beau temps. [It now determines whether the weather is rainy or good. (French proverb meaning that he is successful.)] And such pride that there are no boundaries! I followed my daddy's lead. And I contacted Speransky, they are writing some projects. Look how the ladies are treated! “She’s talking to him, but he’s turned away,” she said, pointing at him. “I would have beaten him if he had treated me the way he treated these ladies.”

Suddenly everything began to move, the crowd began to speak, moved, moved apart again, and between the two parted rows, at the sound of music playing, the sovereign entered. The master and hostess followed him. The Emperor walked quickly, bowing to the right and left, as if trying to quickly get rid of this first minute of the meeting. The musicians played Polskoy, known then by the words composed on it. These words began: “Alexander, Elizabeth, you delight us...” The Emperor walked into the living room, the crowd poured to the doors; several faces with changed expressions hurriedly walked back and forth. The crowd again fled from the doors of the living room, in which the sovereign appeared, talking with the hostess. Some young man with a confused look stepped on the ladies, asking them to move aside. Some ladies with faces expressing complete obliviousness to all conditions of the world, spoiling their toilets, pressed forward. The men began to approach the ladies and form Polish pairs.
Everything parted, and the sovereign, smiling and leading the mistress of the house by the hand, walked out of the living room door. Behind him came the owner with M.A. Naryshkina, then envoys, ministers, various generals, whom Peronskaya kept calling. More than half of the ladies had gentlemen and were going or preparing to go to Polskaya. Natasha felt that she remained with her mother and Sonya among the minority of ladies who were pushed to the wall and not taken in Polskaya. She stood with her slender arms hanging down, and with her slightly defined chest rising steadily, holding her breath, her shining, frightened eyes looked ahead of her, with an expression of readiness for the greatest joy and the greatest sorrow. She was not interested in either the sovereign or all the important persons to whom Peronskaya pointed out - she had one thought: “is it really possible that no one will come up to me, will I really not dance among the first, will all these men who are now not notice me?” It seems that they don’t even see me, and if they look at me, they look with such an expression as if they were saying: Ah! it's not her, there's nothing to watch. No, this cannot be! - she thought. “They should know how much I want to dance, how great I am at dancing, and how much fun it will be for them to dance with me.”
The sounds of the Polish, which continued for quite a long time, were already beginning to sound sad - a memory in Natasha’s ears. She wanted to cry. Peronskaya moved away from them. The Count was at the other end of the hall, the Countess, Sonya and she stood alone as if in a forest in this alien crowd, uninteresting and unnecessary to anyone. Prince Andrey walked past them with some lady, obviously not recognizing them. Handsome Anatole, smiling, said something to the lady he was leading, and looked at Natasha’s face with the same look as one looks at the walls. Boris walked past them twice and turned away each time. Berg and his wife, who were not dancing, approached them.
Natasha found this family bonding here at the ball offensive, as if there was no other place for family conversations except at the ball. She did not listen or look at Vera, who was telling her something about her green dress.
Finally, the sovereign stopped next to his last lady (he was dancing with three), the music stopped; the preoccupied adjutant ran towards the Rostovs, asking them to step aside somewhere else, although they were standing against the wall, and the distinct, cautious and fascinatingly measured sounds of a waltz were heard from the choir. The Emperor looked at the audience with a smile. A minute passed and no one had started yet. The adjutant manager approached Countess Bezukhova and invited her. She raised her hand, smiling, and placed it, without looking at him, on the adjutant’s shoulder. The adjutant manager, a master of his craft, confidently, slowly and measuredly, hugging his lady tightly, set off with her first on a glide path, along the edge of the circle, at the corner of the hall, he picked up her left hand, turned it, and because of the ever-accelerating sounds of the music, only measured ones were heard the clicks of the spurs of the adjutant’s quick and dexterous legs, and every three beats at the turn the fluttering velvet dress of his lady seemed to flare up. Natasha looked at them and was ready to cry that it was not she who was dancing this first round of the waltz.
Prince Andrei, in his colonel's white (cavalry) uniform, in stockings and shoes, lively and cheerful, stood in the front rows of the circle, not far from the Rostovs. Baron Firgoff spoke with him about tomorrow's supposed first meeting of the State Council. Prince Andrei, as a person close to Speransky and participating in the work of the legislative commission, could give correct information about the meeting tomorrow, about which there were various rumors. But he did not listen to what Firgof told him, and looked first at the sovereign, then at the gentlemen who were getting ready to dance, who did not dare to join the circle.
Prince Andrei observed these gentlemen and ladies timid in the presence of the sovereign, dying with desire to be invited.
Pierre walked up to Prince Andrei and grabbed his hand.
– You always dance. There is my protegee [favorite], young Rostova, invite her,” he said.
- Where? – asked Bolkonsky. “Sorry,” he said, turning to the baron, “we’ll finish this conversation somewhere else, but we have to dance at the ball.” “He stepped forward in the direction that Pierre pointed out to him. Natasha’s desperate, frozen face caught the eye of Prince Andrei. He recognized her, guessed her feeling, realized that she was a beginner, remembered her conversation at the window and with a cheerful expression on his face approached Countess Rostova.
“Let me introduce you to my daughter,” said the countess, blushing.
“I have the pleasure of being an acquaintance, if the countess remembers me,” said Prince Andrei with a polite and low bow, completely contradicting Peronskaya’s remarks about his rudeness, approaching Natasha and raising his hand to hug her waist even before he finished the invitation to dance. He suggested a waltz tour. That frozen expression on Natasha’s face, ready for despair and delight, suddenly lit up with a happy, grateful, childish smile.
“I’ve been waiting for you for a long time,” as if this frightened and happy girl said, with her smile that appeared behind the ready tears, raising her hand on Prince Andrei’s shoulder. They were the second couple to enter the circle. Prince Andrey was one of the best dancers of his time. Natasha danced superbly. Her feet in ballroom satin shoes quickly, easily and independently of her did their job, and her face shone with the delight of happiness. Her bare neck and arms were thin and ugly. Compared to Helen's shoulders, her shoulders were thin, her breasts were vague, her arms were thin; but Helen already seemed to have a varnish on from all the thousands of glances sliding over her body, and Natasha seemed like a girl who had been exposed for the first time, and who would have been very ashamed of it if she had not been assured that it was so necessary.
Prince Andrei loved to dance, and wanting to quickly get rid of the political and intelligent conversations with which everyone turned to him, and wanting to quickly break this annoying circle of embarrassment formed by the presence of the sovereign, he went to dance and chose Natasha, because Pierre pointed him out to her and because she was the first of the pretty women to come into his sight; but as soon as he embraced this thin, mobile figure, and she moved so close to him and smiled so close to him, the wine of her charm went to his head: he felt revived and rejuvenated when, catching his breath and leaving her, he stopped and began to look on the dancers.

After Prince Andrei, Boris approached Natasha, inviting her to dance, and the adjutant dancer who started the ball, and more young people, and Natasha, handing over her excess gentlemen to Sonya, happy and flushed, did not stop dancing the whole evening. She did not notice anything and did not see anything that occupied everyone at this ball. She not only did not notice how the sovereign spoke for a long time with the French envoy, how he spoke especially graciously to such and such a lady, how prince such and such did and said this, how Helen was a great success and received special attention from such and such; she did not even see the sovereign and noticed that he left only because after his departure the ball became more lively. One of the merry cotillions, before dinner, Prince Andrei danced with Natasha again. He reminded her of their first date in the Otradnensky alley and how she could not sleep on a moonlit night, and how he involuntarily heard her. Natasha blushed at this reminder and tried to justify herself, as if there was something shameful in the feeling in which Prince Andrei involuntarily overheard her.

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Current distribution area and numbers
Malays

Total: 27.8 million Malaysia: 14.7 million Indonesia: 8.8 million Thailand: 3.3 million Singapore: 653 thousand Brunei: 262 thousand
Language
Religion
Related peoples

2 . Peoples of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of languages related to the Malays. Sometimes this term is used in this broader sense. Languages: Malay, Indonesian, Tagalog, Javanese, Tetum and hundreds of other languages. Religion: Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, tribal religions. This also includes such ethnic groups as the Chams, Jarai, aborigines of Taiwan, Polynesia, Micronesia and other peoples of the Austronesian language family. In general, these inhabit a large group of islands called the Malay Archipelago and other neighboring territories. In ancient times they founded a number of Islamic sultanates, the kingdom of Pattani, the kingdom of Champa (Champa) in Vietnam. The Malays are related to the Polynesians and Micronesians who inhabit the Pacific Islands. Malay skin color ranges from light bronze to dark brown.

Etymology

Settlement area

In a broad sense, the term "Malay" is used for all peoples inhabiting the Malay Archipelago. These are the Aceh, Minangkabau, Batak, Mandailings living in Sumatra, Javanese and Sunda in Java, Banjars, Ibans, Adazans and Melanau in Borneo, Bugis and Toraja in Sulawesi, ethnic groups in the Philippines such as Tagalogs, Ilocanos, Ifugaos on the island. Luzon, Visayas in the central Philippines, Maguindanao, Tausug and Bajau in Mindanao, peoples of the Sulu Archipelago and East Timor. In a narrow sense, this name belongs to the people who migrated from the east of Sumatra to the Malay Peninsula or the Riau Archipelago, they are called the “Riau Malays”. In a narrow sense, the area of settlement of the Malays is Malaysia and Indonesia. In Malaysia, Malays are those whose ancestors are Malay, who speak Malay, practice Islam and belong to the Malay culture. Other groups classified as Malays living outside the Malay Archipelago are the Chams (in Cambodia and Vietnam), the Ugsuls living on the island. Hainan. Descendants of the Malays live today in Sri Lanka, South Africa, Australia and Madagascar.

Languages

Cloth

Arts and culture

In ancient times, the Malays used the South Indian alphabet, from the 14th-15th centuries. - Arabic, now the Malay language uses Latin script.

In music, there is a unique singing style called keronchong. The national orchestra is called nobat, consists of 3 drums, 2 flutes, gongs. The leading part is played by the serunai flute.

Life Cycle Rites

Mutual rice feeding ceremony during a Malay wedding

Malay cuisine

Holidays

Notes

Literature

Encyclopedia "Peoples and Religions of the World", ed. V. A. Tishkova, M.-1998.
S. V. Bychkov. Along the green hills of Malaysia, M.-1979.
Pogadaev, V. A. Malaysia. Pocket encyclopedia. M.: Ant-guide, 2000.
Malays: Ethnogenesis, statehood, traditional culture (MII. Issue IV). M.: Moscow branch of the Russian Geographical Society, 1991.
English section of Wikipedia, article “Malays”.
Pogadaev, V. A. Malay world (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore). Linguistic and regional dictionary. Over 9000 dictionary entries / Pogadaev, V.A. Dunia Melayu (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura). Kamus Lingua-Budaya / Pogadaev, V.A. Malay World (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore). Lingua-Cultural Dictionary). M.: Oriental Book, 2012 ISBN 978-5-7873-0658-3

Peoples of Thailand

Malayo-Polynesian peoples

:
8.8 million
Thailand:
3.3 million
Singapore:
653 thousand
Brunei:
262 thousand

Malays:

The Malays are an Austronesian people in Southeast Asia who speak the Malay language of the Austronesian family of languages. In ancient times, the Malays used the South Indian script, and from the 14th-15th centuries - the Arabic alphabet. Regions with significant Malay populations: Brunei, Timor, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Pattani (in Thailand). Other regions where Malays live: Australia, Canada, Comoros, Germany, Japan, Myanmar, Netherlands, Palau, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Hainan, Hong Kong, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Reunion.
Peoples of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of languages related to the Malays. Sometimes this term is used in this broader sense. Languages: Malay, Indonesian, Tagalog, Javanese, Tetum and others. The total number of Austronesian languages exceeds 1000, which is associated with the isolated life of peoples on a large number of islands. Religions: Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, tribal religions. This also includes such ethnic groups as the Chams, Jarai, aborigines of Taiwan, Polynesia, Micronesia and other peoples of the Austronesian language family. In general, these peoples inhabit a large group of islands called the Malay Archipelago and other neighboring territories. In ancient times they founded a number of Islamic sultanates, the kingdom of Pattani, the kingdom of Champa (Champa) in Vietnam. The Malays are related to the Polynesians and Micronesians who inhabit the Pacific Islands. Malay skin color ranges from light bronze to dark brown.

Etymology

In 1775, the doctoral dissertation of anthropologist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach distinguished four races based on skin color; Caucasian (white), Ethiopian (black), American (red), Mongoloid (yellow). In 1795, he introduced another concept: the Malay race, as a subspecies of the Mongoloid. He described her as "brown". He applied this term to the inhabitants of the Mariana, Philippine, Moluccas, Sunda, Tahiti and other islands of the Pacific Ocean. Since Blumenbach, many anthropologists have followed the same classification.

The term "Malays" is perceived by many Filipinos, referring it to the indigenous population of the country, as well as to the peoples of neighboring countries, Indonesia and Malaysia. American anthropologist H. Otley Bayer theorized that Filipinos were descended from Malays who migrated from Indonesia and Malaysia. This idea was adopted by Philippine historians and introduced into the school curriculum. However, a number of anthropologists believe that, on the contrary, the Malays migrated south from the Philippines to Indonesia and Malaysia (Peter Bellwood, Robert Blust, Malcolm Ross, Andrew Pawley, Lawrence Reid).

Settlement area

In Malaysia, Malays are those whose ancestors are Malay, who speak Malay, practice Islam and belong to the Malay culture. Other groups classified as Malays living outside the Malay Archipelago are the Chams (in Cambodia and Vietnam), the Ugsuls living on the island. Hainan. Descendants of the Malays live today in Sri Lanka, South Africa, Australia and Madagascar.

Languages

Cloth

Men in Cekak Musang

Traditional clothing for men consists of a long shirt and trousers (baju Melayu), and a sarong, which is wrapped around the waist and hangs over the trousers. The headdress is a songkok cap; on the biggest occasions, a folded headscarf is worn in a special way - tanjak or tengkolok.

Women wear a sarong and a long, loose blouse (baju kurung) or a short, tight-fitting blouse (baju kebaya) with the sarong.

Arts and culture

Joget - traditional Malay dance

In ancient times, the Malays used the South Indian alphabet, from the 14th-15th centuries - Arabic, now the Malay language uses Latin script in writing.

The most ancient examples of literature are pantuns (quatrains), sedjars (genealogy chronicles), hikayats (knightly novels), fairy tales, for example about Kanchila, a dwarf deer. Abdullah bin Abdulkadir Munshi (1796-1854) stood at the origins of new literature. In 1961, the Malaysian National Writers' Union was established in Kuala Lumpur.

In music, there is a unique singing style called keronchong. The national orchestra is called nobat, consists of 3 drums, 2 flutes, gongs. The leading part is played by the serunai flute.

Life Cycle Rites

Among the life cycle rites are ceremonies at the birth of a child, ear piercing for girls at 5-10 years old and circumcision for boys, engagement, wedding ceremony, which are accompanied by treats and prayers in Arabic. The wedding is conducted in accordance with Muslim laws, but the wedding ceremony itself contains many elements of pre-Muslim beliefs. The funeral ceremony is also in line with Islamic practice: the body is wrapped in a white shroud and buried with its head towards Mecca.

Malay cuisine

Spicy dish bubur-pedas

The basis of food is