Isaac Newton - biography and scientific discoveries that turned the world upside down. Newton and his scientific discoveries What law did Newton discover?

> What did Isaac Newton discover?

Isaac Newton's discoveries– laws and physics from one of the greatest geniuses. Study the law of universal gravitation, the three laws of motion, gravity, the shape of the Earth.

Isaac Newton(1642-1727) is remembered by us as a philosopher, scientist and mathematician. He did a lot for his time and actively participated in the scientific revolution. Interestingly, his views, Newton's laws and physics would prevail for another 300 years after his death. In fact, we have before us the creator of classical physics.

Subsequently, the word “Newtonian” will be inserted into all statements related to his theories. Isaac Newton is considered one of the greatest geniuses and most influential scientists, whose work spanned many scientific fields. But what do we owe to him and what discoveries did he make?

Three laws of motion

Let's start with his famous work “Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy” (1687), which revealed the foundations of classical mechanics. We are talking about three laws of motion, derived from the laws of planetary motion put forward by Johannes Kepler.

The first law is inertia: an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by a force that is unbalanced. A body in motion will continue to move at its original speed and in the same direction unless it encounters an unbalanced force.

Second: acceleration occurs when force affects mass. The greater the mass, the more force required.

Third: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Universal gravity

Newton is to be thanked for the law of universal gravitation. He deduced that each point of mass attracts another by a force directed along a line intersecting both points (F = G frac(m_1 m_2)(r^2)).

These three postulates of gravity will help him measure the trajectories of comets, tides, equinoxes and other phenomena. His arguments crushed the last doubts regarding the heliocentric model and the scientific world accepted the fact that the Earth does not act as the universal center.

Everyone knows that Newton came to his conclusions about gravity thanks to the incident of an apple falling on his head. Many people think that this is just a comic retelling, and the scientist developed the formula gradually. But the entries in Newton’s diary and the retellings of his contemporaries speak in favor of the apple breakthrough.

Shape of the Earth

Isaac Newton believed that our planet Earth formed as an oblate spheroid. Later the guess would be confirmed, but in his time it was important information that helped transfer most of the scientific world from the Cartesian system to Newtonian mechanics.

In the mathematical field, he generalized the binomial theorem, studied power series, developed his own method for approximating the roots of a function, and divided most curved cubic planes into classes. He also shared his developments with Gottfried Leibniz.

His discoveries were breakthroughs in physics, mathematics and astronomy, helping to understand the structure of space using formulas.

Optics

In 1666, he delved deeper into optics. It all started with studying the properties of light, which he measured through a prism. In 1670-1672. studied the refraction of light, showing how a multi-colored spectrum is rearranged into a single white light using a lens and a second prism.

As a result, Newton realized that color is formed due to the interaction of objects that were originally colored. In addition, I noticed that the lens of any instrument suffers from light scattering (chromatic aberration). He managed to solve the problems using a telescope with a mirror. His invention is considered the first model of a reflecting telescope.

Besides…

He is also credited with formulating the empirical law of cooling and studying the speed of sound. From his suggestion, the term “Newtonian fluid” appeared - a description of any fluid where viscous stresses are linearly proportional to the rate of its transformation.

Newton devoted a large amount of time to researching not only scientific postulates, but also biblical chronology and introduced himself into alchemy. However, many works appeared only after the death of the scientist. So Isaac Newton is remembered not only as a talented physicist, but also as a philosopher.

What do we owe to Isaac Newton? His ideas were breakthrough not only for that time, but also served as starting points for all subsequent scientists. It prepared fertile ground for new discoveries and inspired exploration of this world. It is not surprising that Isaac Newton had followers who developed his ideas and theories. If you are interested in learning more, the site has a biography of Isaac Newton, which presents the date of birth and death (according to the new and old style), the most important discoveries, as well as interesting facts about the greatest physicist.

On January 4, 1643, in the village of Woolsthorpe, a boy was born in the house of the recently deceased farmer Newton. He was given his father's name - Isaac. He came into the world the same year that the ashes of Galileo were buried in Florence.

Newton lived to be 85 years old and was in good health.

The main years of Newton's life were spent within the walls of Holy Trinity College, Cambridge University. He loved solitude; his voice was rarely heard. He hated disputes, especially scientific ones. And he loved to think and write. In his solitude, this quiet, silent man made a revolution in the relationship between man and nature, in our understanding of the world. He created the language of classical science, in which it has been thinking and speaking for three centuries. The genius of science was a worthy son of his time. Defending the rights of Cambridge University, he alone dared to tell James II that the law was above the king. The new money minted by Newton in an incredibly short time contributed to the prosperity of the British economy throughout the 18th century. Old Isaac Newton received Peter I at the Mint. Shortly before his death, Sir Isaac received news that the Russian Tsar had founded the Imperial Academy of Sciences and Arts in St. Petersburg. This can also be considered Newton's legacy.

Newton learned to read, write and count in the rural schools of Woolsthorpe. When Isaac was 12 years old, Uncle William sent him to study at the Royal Free School in Grantham. Here he studied Latin, the law of God and the beginnings of mathematics. After school, Isaac preferred to spend time at home. He made complex mechanical toys, models of water mills, scooters, water and sundials. Newton was also fond of kites, flying them at night with colored paper lanterns, and rumors spread in the city that a comet had appeared again. In the pharmacist's house where Isaac lived, he received basic knowledge of chemistry and became interested in alchemy. He spent a lot of time in the library, copying out information from books about the rules of drawing with a pen and paints, about chemical experiments, about medicinal herbs and medicinal drugs. All books were in Latin.

In the autumn of 1660, school principal Stokes settled Newton in his home and began preparing him for Cambridge University. Isaac studied Latin, studied ancient Greek and French, and studied the text of the Bible. Teacher Stokes and Uncle William were sure that their favorite would become a famous theologian. In Grantham, Isaac read John Wilkins's Mathematical Magic and The Discovery of a New World on the Moon. He learned about mechanical machines, lenses, the perpetual motion machine for traveling to the moon, the Copernican system of the world, and Kepler's laws. These two popular science books awakened Newton's genius. He passionately desired to devote himself to scientific knowledge as one of the forms of serving God.

In May 1661, Newton arrived in Cambridge, when admission to the university was already completed. However, after reading Uncle William's letter of recommendation, the director of Trinity College allowed Isaac to take the Latin exam. The exam was passed, and 18-year-old Newton was enrolled as a college student.

Isaac was a diligent student: he spent his money not on feasts and entertainment, but on instruments and books. In 1663 he acquired a book on individual astronomy. But it required knowledge of geometry and trigonometry. Then Newton bought and studied a textbook on Euclidean geometry. In the same year, he became interested in optical experiments and read Johannes Kepler’s treatise “Dioptrics”. In March 1664, Professor Isaac Barrow, who played a very important role in Newton's life, began lecturing in mathematics at the college. Barrow's lectures helped Newton understand the works of the French thinker Rene Descartes. He studied Geometry, Treatise on Light and Elements of Philosophy by René Descartes.

In January 1665, Newton received his bachelor's degree. By that time he had his own research program in theology, mathematics and natural philosophy-physics.

In 1664, a plague epidemic began in England. To escape the infection, city residents fled to the villages. In August 1665, Trinity College was dissolved until better times. Newton left for Woolsthorpe, taking with him a set of medicinal herbs, notebooks, books, instruments, prisms, lenses and mirrors. He remained at Woolsthorpe until March 1667. During two plague years, Newton made his three main discoveries: the method of fluxions and quadratures (differential and integral calculus), an explanation of the nature of light and the law of universal gravitation. He later recalled the amazing creative upsurge of those years as the best time of his life. Using his calculus, Newton could quickly find tangents, areas and volumes of any complex figures, which was important for trade and construction. But the main application of his discoveries was ahead.

One day, having finished his experiments, the Woolsthorpe recluse went out into the garden. It was a quiet August evening. The sound of a falling apple again brought him back to his old thoughts about the laws of fall: “Why does an apple always fall vertically... why not to the side, but always to the center of the Earth? There must be an attractive force in matter concentrated at the center of the Earth. If matter pulls other matter in this way, then there must be proportionality to its quantity. Therefore, the apple attracts the Earth just as the Earth attracts the apple. There must, therefore, be a force, that which we call gravity, extending throughout the entire Universe.”

Newton returned to Cambridge in April 1667. In October of the same year he was elected a junior fellow of the college and received a small scholarship. In 1668, Newton built the first reflecting telescope. A year later he received a professorship and a chair at Trinity College. His duties included lecturing on Greek, mathematics and natural philosophy, which he taught as a course in physics. Few people attended his lectures: they were complex in content and unusual in the manner of presentation. Newton did not like lengthy arguments and examples. Only over time did his lectures become the norm in teaching science.

On February 6, 1672, Newton presented a paper entitled “A New Theory of Light and Colors” to the Royal Society of Natural Sciences of London. This memoir was a revision of his Lectures on Optics.

Newton's library contained about 100 books on the chemistry of alchemy. For 30 years (from 1666 to 1696) he was engaged in chemical experiments and metallurgy, often used mercury, and by the age of 30 he became completely gray. Only one chemical memoir by Newton has survived, “On the Nature of Acids.”

In 1680, Newton returned to the problems of mechanics and the problem of gravitation. That year a bright comet appeared. Newton already knew that celestial bodies near the Sun should move in ellipses, parabolas or hyperbolas. Only with such a hypothesis was it possible to construct the spatial path of the comet from several observations, since only the direction to the comet is observed, but not the distance to it. Newton personally made observations and was the first in astronomy to construct and draw the orbit of a comet. The path of the 1680 comet turned out to be a parabola, which confirmed Newton's theory of gravity. In 1687, Newton’s book “Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy” was published - the greatest of books about nature, comparable in its cultural and historical significance, perhaps, only to the Bible.

The Principia is written in the style of Euclid, and its main purpose is to prove that the law of universal gravitation follows from the observed motion of the planets, the Moon and terrestrial bodies, which is analyzed using Newtonian principles of dynamics.

In 1694, Charles Montagu, a friend of Newton, was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer (a post equal in status to a ministerial one) and invited Newton to the post of Superintendent of the Mint with an annual salary of 600 pounds. Montagu relied on his knowledge of metallurgy and mechanics in connection with the preparation of financial reform. Newton accepted the offer and moved to London. He quickly understood the work of the Mint and organized it in such a way that the minting speed increased eightfold. Newton faced political squabbles and strikes by Mint employees. They wrote denunciations about him, he was offered bribes. However, in an era of general corruption, he strictly and honestly fulfilled his duties. Recoinage ended in 1699, and monetary reform was accomplished in London within a week. Thanks to this success, Newton received the position of chief director of the Mint.

In 1703, Newton was elected president of the Royal Society of London. He celebrated his election by donating a new device to the Society - a solar oven. It consisted of a system of lenses and, by focusing the sun's rays, could melt metals. But there was another gift. In 1704, the second book, “Optics,” was published. Unlike the Elements, which are written in Latin, the Optics is written in English. Newton wanted his book to be accessible to as many readers as possible.

“Optics” consists of three sections. The first section is devoted to geometric optics and a description of the composition of white light. The second discusses experiments with the colors of thin films, the third describes the phenomena of diffraction (light bending around obstacles).

In April 1705, Queen Anne knighted Newton.

In 1722, Newton began to suffer from senile illnesses, but he continued to serve as president of the Society and head the Mint. He was preparing the text of “Beginnings” for a new edition and tried again to take up the movement of the “obstinate” Moon, in which there were many inconsistencies with the theory. In 1726 he published the third edition of the Elements.

Isaac Newton was solemnly buried in Westminster Abbey. On the tombstone are carved the significant words: Here lies Sir Isaac Newton, who, by the almost divine power of his mind, first explained with the help of his mathematical method the movement and shape of the planets, the paths of comets, the ebb and flow of the ocean. He was the first to explore the variety of light rays and the resulting characteristics of colors, which until that time no one had even suspected. A diligent, insightful and faithful interpreter of nature, antiquities and the Holy Scriptures. He glorified – in his teaching – the almighty Creator. He proved the simplicity required by the Gospel with his life. Let mortals rejoice that such an adornment of the human race lived in their midst.

/brief historical perspective/

The greatness of a true scientist is not in the titles and awards with which he is marked or awarded by the world community, and not even in the recognition of his services to Humanity, but in the discoveries and theories that he left to the World. The unique discoveries made during his bright Life by the famous scientist Isaac Newton are difficult to overestimate or underestimate.

Theories and discoveries

Isaac Newton formulated the basic laws of classical mechanics, was opened law of universal gravitation, theory developed movements of celestial bodies, created fundamentals of celestial mechanics.

Isaac Newton(independently of Gottfried Leibniz) created theory of differential and integral calculus, opened light dispersion, chromatic aberration, studied interference and diffraction, developed corpuscular theory of light, gave a hypothesis that combined corpuscular And wave representations, built mirror telescope.

Space and time Newton considered absolute.

Historical formulations of Newton's laws of mechanics

Newton's first law

Every body continues to be maintained in a state of rest or uniform and rectilinear motion until and unless it is forced by applied forces to change this state.

Newton's second law

In an inertial reference frame, the acceleration that a material point receives is directly proportional to the resultant of all forces applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass.

The change in momentum is proportional to the applied driving force and occurs in the direction of the straight line along which this force acts.

Newton's third law

An action always has an equal and opposite reaction, otherwise the interactions of two bodies on each other are equal and directed in opposite directions.

Some of Newton's contemporaries considered him alchemist. He was the director of the Mint, established the coin business in England, and headed the society Prior-Zion, studied the chronology of ancient kingdoms. He devoted several theological works (mostly unpublished) to the interpretation of biblical prophecies.

Newton's works

– “A New Theory of Light and Colors”, 1672 (communication to the Royal Society)

– “Motion of bodies in orbit” (lat. De Motu Corporum in Gyrum), 1684

– “Mathematical principles of natural philosophy” (lat. Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica), 1687

- “Optics or a treatise on the reflections, refractions, bendings and colors of light” (eng. Opticks or a treatise of the reflections, refractions, inflections and colors of light), 1704

– “On the quadrature of curves” (lat. Tractatus de quadratura curvarum), supplement to "Optics"

– “Enumeration of lines of the third order” (lat. Enumeratio linearum tertii ordinis), supplement to "Optics"

– “Universal arithmetic” (lat. Arithmetica Universalis), 1707

– “Analysis using equations with an infinite number of terms” (lat. De analysi per aequationes numero terminorum infinitas), 1711

– “Method of Differences”, 1711

According to scientists around the world, Newton's work was significantly ahead of the general scientific level of his time and was poorly understood by his contemporaries. However, Newton himself said about himself: “ I don’t know how the world perceives me, but to myself I seem to be only a boy playing on the seashore, who amuses himself by occasionally finding a pebble more colorful than the others, or a beautiful shell, while the great ocean of truth spreads out before me. unexplored by me. »

But according to the conviction of no less a great scientist, A. Einstein “ Newton was the first to try to formulate elementary laws that determine the time course of a wide class of processes in nature with a high degree of completeness and accuracy." and “... with his works had a deep and strong influence on the entire worldview as a whole. »

Newton's grave bears the following inscription:

“Here lies Sir Isaac Newton, the nobleman who, with an almost divine mind, was the first to prove with the torch of mathematics the motion of the planets, the paths of comets and the tides of the oceans. He investigated the differences in light rays and the various properties of colors that appeared thereby, which no one had previously suspected. A diligent, wise and faithful interpreter of nature, antiquity and Holy Scripture, he affirmed with his philosophy the greatness of Almighty God, and with his disposition he expressed evangelical simplicity. Let mortals rejoice that such an adornment of the human race existed. »

Prepared Lazarus Model.

Great personality

The lives of epoch-making personalities and their progressive role have been meticulously studied over many centuries. They gradually build up in the eyes of descendants from event to event, overgrown with details recreated from documents and all sorts of idle inventions. So is Isaac Newton. A brief biography of this man, who lived in the distant 17th century, can only be contained in a book volume the size of a brick.

So, let's begin. Isaac Newton - English (now substitute “great” for each word) astronomer, mathematician, physicist, mechanic. In 1672 he became a scientist of the Royal Society of London, and in 1703 - its president. Creator of theoretical mechanics, founder of all modern physics. Described all physical phenomena based on mechanics; discovered the law of universal gravitation, which explained cosmic phenomena and the dependence of earthly realities on them; tied the causes of tides in the oceans to the movement of the Moon around the Earth; described the laws of our entire solar system. It was he who first began to study the mechanics of continuous media, physical optics and acoustics. Independently of Leibniz, Isaac Newton developed differential and integral equations, discovered the dispersion of light, chromatic aberration, tied mathematics to philosophy, wrote works on interference and diffraction, worked on the corpuscular theory of light, theories of space and time. It was he who designed the reflecting telescope and organized the coin business in England. In addition to mathematics and physics, Isaac Newton studied alchemy, the chronology of ancient kingdoms, and wrote theological works. The genius of the famous scientist was so far ahead of the entire scientific level of the seventeenth century that his contemporaries remembered him to a greater extent as an exceptionally good person: non-covetous, generous, extremely modest and friendly, always ready to help his neighbor.

Childhood

The great Isaac Newton was born into the family of a small farmer who died three months ago in a small village. His biography began on January 4, 1643 with the fact that a very small premature baby was placed in a sheepskin mitten on a bench, from which he fell, hitting him hard. The child grew up sickly and therefore unsociable; he could not keep up with his peers in fast games and became addicted to books. Relatives noticed this and sent little Isaac to school, where he graduated as the first student. Later, seeing his zeal for learning, they allowed him to continue studying. Isaac entered Cambridge. Since there was not enough money for training, his role as a student would have been very humiliating if he had not been lucky with his mentor.

Youth

At that time, poor students could only study as servants from their teachers. This is the fate that befell the future brilliant scientist. There are all sorts of legends, some of them ugly, about this period in Newton’s life and creative path. The mentor whom Isaac served was an influential Freemason who traveled not only throughout Europe, but also throughout Asia, including the Middle East, the Far East, and the Southeast. On one of his trips, as the legend says, he was entrusted with ancient manuscripts of Arab scientists, whose mathematical calculations we still use today. According to legend, Newton had access to these manuscripts, and they inspired many of his discoveries.

The science

Over six years of study and service, Isaac Newton went through all the stages of college and became a Master of Arts.

During the plague epidemic, he had to leave his alma mater, but he did not waste time: he studied the physical nature of light, built the laws of mechanics. In 1668, Isaac Newton returned to Cambridge and soon received the Lucasian chair of mathematics. He got it from his teacher, I. Barrow, that same Mason. Newton quickly became his favorite student, and in order to financially provide for his brilliant protégé, Barrow abandoned the chair in his favor. By that time, Newton was already the author of the binomial. And this is only the beginning of the biography of the great scientist. What followed was a life full of titanic mental labor. Newton was always modest and even shy. For example, he did not publish his discoveries for a long time and was constantly planning to destroy one or another chapter of his amazing “Principles.” He believed that he owed everything to those giants on whose shoulders he stood, meaning, probably, his predecessor scientists. Although who could precede Newton if he literally said the very first and most weighty word about everything in the world.

The English physicist Sir Isaac Newton, whose brief biography is provided here, became famous for his numerous discoveries in the field of physics, mechanics, mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy.

Inspired by the works of Galileo Galilei, Rene Descartes, Kepler, Euclid and Wallis, Newton made many important discoveries, laws and inventions that modern science still relies on.

When and where was Isaac Newton born?

Isaac Newton House

Sir Isaac Newton (Sir Isaac Newton, years of life 1643 - 1727) was born on December 24, 1642 (January 4, 1643 new style) in the country-state of England, Lincolnshire, in the city of Woolsthorpe.

His mother went into labor prematurely and Isaac was born premature. At birth, the boy turned out to be so physically weak that they were afraid to even baptize him: everyone thought that he would die without living even a couple of years.

However, such a “prophecy” did not prevent him from living to old age and becoming a great scientist.

There is an opinion that Newton was Jewish by nationality, but this is not documented. It is known that he belonged to the English aristocracy.

I. Newton's childhood

The boy never saw his father, also named Isaac (Newton Jr. was named after his father - a tribute to memory), - he died before he was born.

The family later had three more children, whom the mother, Anna Ayscough, gave birth to from her second husband. With their appearance, few people were interested in the fate of Isaac: the boy grew up deprived of love, although the family was considered prosperous.

His uncle William on his mother’s side made more efforts in raising and caring for Newton. The boy's childhood can hardly be called happy.

Already at an early age, Isaac showed his talents as a scientist: he spent a lot of time reading books and loved making things. He was withdrawn and uncommunicative.

Where did Newton study?

In 1655, a 12-year-old boy was sent to school in Grantham. During his training, he lived with a local pharmacist named Clark.

At the educational institution, abilities in the field of physics, mathematics, and astronomy showed, but mother Anna took her son out of school after 4 years.

16-year-old Isaac was supposed to manage the farm, but he didn’t like this arrangement: the young man was more drawn to reading books and inventing.

Thanks to his uncle, schoolmaster Stokes and a teacher from Cambridge University, Isaac was reinstated into the ranks of the school's students to continue his educational activities.

In 1661, the guy entered Trinity College, Cambridge University for free education. In 1664 he passed the exams, which transferred him to the status of a student. From this moment on, the young man continues his studies and receives a scholarship. In 1665 he was forced to quit studying due to the closure of the university for quarantine (plague epidemic).

Around this period he created his first inventions. Afterwards, in 1667, the young man was reinstated as a student and continued to gnaw on the granite of science.

A significant role in Isaac Newton's passion for the exact sciences is played by his mathematics teacher Isaac Barrow.

It is curious that in 1668 the mathematical physicist received the title of master and graduated from the university, and almost immediately began giving lectures to other students.

What did Newton discover?

The scientist’s discoveries are used in educational literature: both in school and university, and in a wide variety of disciplines (mathematics, physics, astronomy).

His main ideas were new for that century:

1. His most important and significant discoveries were made between 1665 and 1667, during the bubonic plague in London. The University of Cambridge was temporarily closed and its teaching staff disbanded due to the raging infection. The 18-year-old student left for his homeland, where he discovered the law of universal gravitation, and also conducted various experiments with the colors of the spectrum and optics.
2. His discoveries in mathematics include third-order algebraic curves, binomial expansion, and methods for solving differential equations. Differential and integral calculus were developed almost at the same time as Leibniz, independently of each other.
3. In the field of classical mechanics, he created an axiomatic basis, as well as such a science as dynamics.
4. It is impossible not to mention the three laws, where their name “Newton’s laws” comes from: the first, second and third.
5. The foundation was laid for further research in astronomy, including celestial mechanics.

Philosophical significance of Newton's discoveries

The physicist worked on his discoveries and inventions from both a scientific and religious point of view.

He noted that he wrote his book “Principles” not in order to “belittle the Creator,” but still emphasized his power. The scientist believed that the world was “quite independent.”

He was a supporter of Newtonian philosophy.

Books by Isaac Newton

Newton's published books during his lifetime:

1. "Method of differences".
2. "Enumeration of lines of third order."
3. "Mathematical principles of natural philosophy."
4. "Optics or a treatise on the reflections, refractions, bendings and colors of light."
5. "A New Theory of Light and Colors."
6. "On the quadrature of curves."
7. "Motion of bodies in orbit."
8. "Universal Arithmetic".
9. "Analysis using equations with an infinite number of terms."

1. "Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms" .
2. "The World System".
3. "Method of fluxions ».
4. Lectures on optics.
5. Notes on the book of the prophet Daniel and the Apocalypse of St. John.
6. "Brief Chronicle".
7. "A Historical Tracing of Two Notable Corruptions of Holy Scripture."

Newton's inventions

He began taking his first steps in invention as a child, as mentioned above.

In 1667, all the university teachers were amazed by the telescope he created, which was invented by the future scientist: it was a breakthrough in the field of optics.

In 1705, the Royal Society awarded Isaac a knighthood for his contributions to science. Now he was called Sir Isaac Newton, he had his own coat of arms and a not very reliable pedigree.

His inventions also include:

1. A water clock powered by the rotation of a wooden block, which in turn vibrates from falling drops of water.
2. A reflector, which was a telescope with a concave lens. The device gave impetus to research into the night sky. It was also used by sailors to navigate the high seas.
3. Windmill.
4. Scooter.

Personal life of Isaac Newton

According to contemporaries, Newton's day began and ended with books: he spent so much time reading them that he often forgot to even eat.

The famous scientist had no personal life at all. Isaac was never married; according to rumors, he even remained a virgin.

When did Sir Isaac Newton die and where is he buried?

Isaac Newton died on March 20 (March 31, 1727 - new style date) in Kensington, UK. Two years before his death, the physicist began to have health problems. He died in his sleep. His grave is in Westminster Abbey.

A few not so popular facts:

1. An apple did not fall on Newton's head - this is a myth invented by Voltaire. But the scientist himself really sat under the tree. Now it is a monument.
2. As a child, Isaac was very lonely, as he was all his life. Having lost her father early, her mother focused entirely on her new marriage and three new children, who were quickly left without a father.
3. At the age of 16, his mother took her son out of school, where he began to show extraordinary abilities at an early age, so that he began managing the farm. The schoolteacher, his uncle and another acquaintance, a member of Cambridge College, insisted on the boy returning to school, from which he successfully graduated and entered the university.
4. According to the recollections of classmates and teachers, Isaac spent most of his time reading books, forgetting to even eat and sleep - this was the life he most desired.
5. Isaac was the keeper of the British Mint.
6. After the death of the scientist, his autobiography was released.

Conclusion

Sir Isaac Newton's contribution to science is truly enormous, and it is quite difficult to underestimate his contribution. His discoveries to this day are the foundations of modern science as a whole, and his laws are studied in school and other educational institutions.