Griboyedov A. S.: biobibliographic information

Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov was born in Moscow in 1795. He came from a wealthy noble family, belonging to that high Moscow society, which he later described in his comedy “Woe from Wit” (see its full text and summary on our website). He received an excellent upbringing and education, first at home, with various teachers and tutors, then at the Noble boarding school. Griboyedov was fluent in several foreign languages, played the piano beautifully, and was sometimes fond of musical improvisation; From childhood, a talented, gifted nature was visible in him. At the age of fifteen he entered Moscow University, where he remained for 2 years. Here his literary views and tastes were formed and determined; Griboyedov was greatly influenced by the professor of aesthetics Boulet, a supporter of the classical theory of art, with whom he had many and frequent conversations.

Portrait of Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov. Artist I. Kramskoy, 1875

Griboyedov left the university in 1812, at the height of the Patriotic War; he immediately volunteered for military service, but he was unable to participate in hostilities; His regiment spent more than three years in Belarus, moving from one town to another. Subsequently, Griboyedov recalled with bitterness these years of military service, which he spent mostly in card games, in revelries and entertainment, which distracted him from all cultural work. Cheerful, ardent, passionate Griboyedov, then still very young, was easily carried away by the example of the officer environment around him, often becoming the center of various pranks and antics. They say, for example, that once, on a bet, he rode into a ball of a rich Belarusian landowner on horseback.

In 1816, Griboyedov retired and decided to serve in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. While living in St. Petersburg, he was interested in theater and met the writers Shakhovsky, Khmelnitsky, Katenin, whose works were then staged on stage. Through Shakhovsky, Griboedov met members of the literary society “Conversation of Lovers of the Russian Word” and wholeheartedly joined the classical movement. (See Stages of Griboedov's creativity.) In his first comedy - “Student” - Griboedov ridicules, offends Zhukovsky and even, oddly enough, Batyushkov. But in this same comedy, the issue of serfdom is also quite seriously touched upon, depicting the difficult situation of the serf peasant, from whom the master demands an unbearable quitrent.

Together with Shakhovsky and Khmelnitsky, Griboyedov wrote a very funny comedy, “One’s Own Family, or a Married Bride,” which is still sometimes staged on stage; This comedy is always a success thanks to its lively, funny pictures and very easy language.

One of Griboyedov’s plays, “The Young Spouses” (adapted from French), was staged on stage already in 1815.

In 1819, Griboedov was appointed secretary at the Russian embassy in Persia, and had to go to the Persian city of Tabriz. He wanted to devote himself entirely to literature, but his mother demanded that he serve. Griboyedov devoted himself wholeheartedly to his official activities and soon attracted attention with his outstanding diplomatic abilities. Despite his service, Griboyedov found time for serious studies. In Tabriz, which he wittily called his “diplomatic monastery,” he seriously studied the Persian and Arabic languages, Persian literature, and history. There he also worked on his famous comedy “Woe from Wit,” which he conceived at almost the age of fifteen. In Tabriz the 1st and 2nd actions were completed.

Woe from the mind. Maly Theater performance, 1977

On business matters, Griboyedov traveled from Tabriz to Tiflis (Tbilisi) several times. The famous General A.P. Ermolov, commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, drew attention to the brilliant abilities of the young man, and, at his request, Griboedov was appointed his secretary for foreign affairs. He remained in Tiflis until 1823. Despite his success at work and Ermolov’s cordial attitude, Griboyedov was irresistibly drawn to Russia. Finally, he received leave and spent about a year in Moscow, then in St. Petersburg, then on the estate of his friend Begichev in the Tula province.

Arriving in Moscow after a long absence, plunging, like his hero Chatsky, into the whirlpool of Moscow society, Griboyedov, under a fresh impression, finished “Woe from Wit” on Begichev’s estate.

Rarely has a literary work, without being published, spread and become known as quickly as Woe from Wit. Friends rewrote it and passed the manuscripts on to each other. Many memorized passages and entire scenes of the comedy. “Woe from Wit” immediately aroused wild delight in society – and equally violent indignation; All those who felt hurt and ridiculed in the comedy were indignant. Griboedov's enemies shouted that his comedy was an evil libel against Moscow; they did everything they could to prevent Woe from Wit from being published and to be staged. Indeed, “Woe from Wit” was published only after Griboyedov’s death, and he saw the production of his truly wonderful comedy only once, performed by amateur officers in Erivan (Yerevan), in 1827.

Despite Griboedov's ardent desire to resign, he had to, at the insistence of his mother, return to serve in the Caucasus.

After the accession of Emperor Nicholas I to the throne in 1826, Griboedov was unexpectedly arrested and brought to St. Petersburg; he was accused of participating in Decembrist conspiracy, but very soon he was justified and was released. It has not yet been established whether he was really a member of the “Northern Society”. In “Woe from Wit” Griboyedov expressed his negative attitude towards secret societies (Repetilov); but it is known that he was really close and corresponded with some of the Decembrists (Kuchelbecker, Bestuzhev, Prince Odoevsky), poets and writers.

In 1826-27, Griboedov took an active part in the war against Persia, serving under General Paskevich, who replaced Ermolov in the Caucasus. Many times Griboedov showed brilliant courage and self-control during the war. The conclusion of the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty, according to which Russia received the Erivan region and a large indemnity, was the work of Griboyedov, who led the diplomatic negotiations. Paskevich, appreciating his merits, wanted him to personally report to the Emperor about the concluded peace. Nicholas I received him very graciously, rewarded him and soon appointed him envoy to Persia.

Griboedov's diplomatic career was brilliant; he was only 33 years old when he was appointed to the responsible post of envoy. But this honor and distinction did not please him. Never before had it been so difficult for him to leave Russia. Heavy, vague premonitions did not give him peace. Saying goodbye to his friends, he felt that he would never see them again.

On the way to Persia, Griboyedov stopped in Tiflis and spent several months here. Griboyedov loved one young girl, Princess Nina Chavchavadze, whom he had previously seen as a girl. Having met Nina again, Griboyedov proposed to her and, having received consent, soon got married. The happiness of the young couple did not last long! Griboedov had to go to Persia, to his destination. He did not want to take his young wife with him, since the atmosphere in Persia after the recent war was very tense; his wife accompanied Griboyedov to Tabriz, from where he went alone to Tehran, hoping after a while to discharge his wife there. But they were never destined to meet again in this world...

The Persians were extremely irritated against Griboedov, who concluded such a disadvantageous peace for them. There is reason to believe that British diplomacy also supported this irritation of the Persians against Russia. Griboyedov, as a representative of Russia, immediately took a very firm and decisive position; he did everything he could to free many Russian prisoners languishing in Persian captivity, and also took under his protection the Christians who were persecuted by the Mohammedans. The irritation of the Persians was fueled by fanatical mullahs. Having learned that Christians who had fled from Persian persecution were hiding in the embassy house, an excited crowd of people surrounded the embassy, ​​demanding their extradition.

Griboedov refused to hand over the Christians hiding under his protection. A huge crowd of Persians began to storm the house. Griboyedov himself, with a saber in his hands, became the head of the Cossacks defending the embassy and was killed in this unequal battle - the Persians were ten times more numerous than the Russians, who were all killed by the enraged crowd. From the entire Russian embassy, ​​one person escaped, and he spoke about Griboyedov’s firm, courageous behavior and his heroic death. Only on the third day did the troops arrive; the rebellion was pacified. A vengeful crowd of Persians mutilated Griboedov's body, dragging him through the streets of the city; he was recognized only by the cramped finger of his hand, which had been shot through in a duel several years earlier.

The creator of the delightful comedy "Woe from Wit", which was later simply disassembled into quotes. Decembrists, a talented musician and the smartest diplomat. And all this is Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov. A short biography always contains only superficial data. Detailed information based on official facts that have been confirmed by archival documents will also be disclosed here. This author has had to go through so much. Ups and downs, intrigues and duels, inner experiences and, of course, tender affection for his young wife.

Future writer Griboyedov. Biography. Photo

The very story of Griboyedov’s birth is still shrouded in mystery. If we take various biographical data or track records of Alexander Sergeevich, then significant differences in dates immediately become noticeable. Therefore, the year of birth cannot be determined exactly, but approximately between one thousand seven hundred and ninety and ninety-five.

Moreover, many biographers speculate that Griboedov was illegitimate. This is why the dates of his birth in all archival documents are so inaccurate. His mother's family deliberately hid this fact. Later, a husband was found who hid the girl’s shame and took her with the child. He also had the last name Griboyedov and was one of the poor relatives.

Father and mother of the great writer

A man of low education, a retired major, his father subsequently very rarely appeared in the family, preferring to stay in the village. There he devoted all his time to card games, which significantly depleted his fortune.

Alexander Sergeevich’s mother was a fairly rich and noble lady who became known not only in Moscow, but also beyond its environs as a wonderful pianist. The woman is very domineering and harsh, but she surrounded her children with warmth and care, and also gave them a wonderful home education. Her family came from Lithuania, their surname was Grzybowski. And only in the sixteenth century the family received the surname Griboedov.

Moreover, the Griboyedov family was related to such famous families as the Odoevskys, Rimsky-Korsakovs, and Naryshkins. And they made acquaintances with a fairly wide circle of the capital’s nobility.

The beginning of little Alexander's education

In 1802, Alexander entered the Moscow University boarding school, received several awards there for excellent teaching, and at the age of eleven he already became a candidate of literary sciences. Carefully studies many sciences.

All this is just a youthful biography of Griboyedov. Interesting facts about the writer’s life concern a later period. The only point that needs to be noted is that, despite his excellent learning abilities, Alexander Sergeevich decides to devote himself to military service.

Beginning of a military career

Since 1812, the facts of Griboyedov’s biography are directly related to his military career. Initially, he was enrolled in Saltykov’s regiment, which spent the entire fall in the Kazan province, never joining the active army.

After the death of the count, this regiment was attached to the command of General Kologrivy. And Alexander ends up as his adjutant, where he becomes very close to Begichev. Without becoming a participant in a single battle, Griboyedov resigned and came to St. Petersburg.

Getting to know theatrical and literary circles

Griboyedov’s rather interesting biography begins with his service at the State Collegium, where he met with the famous Kuchelbecker and Pushkin. At the same time, he begins to communicate in theatrical and literary communities.

Moreover, in 1816, Alexander became a member of the Masonic lodge, which included Pestel, Chaadaev and even the future head of the imperial chancellery Benckendorff.

Various intrigues and theatrical hobbies - all this includes the further biography of Griboedov. Interesting facts from this period of the writer’s life indicate that he was drawn into an unpleasant story connected with the dancer Istomina. Because of her, a duel took place between Sheremetyev and Zavadovsky, which ended in the death of the former.

This greatly influenced the future writer; life in St. Petersburg became simply unbearable for him, as rumors began to spread throughout the city that he was a pimp and a coward. And Alexander Griboedov, whose biography was impeccable in terms of courage and bravery, could no longer stand this.

Trip to the Caucasus

At the same time, the financial situation of Griboyedov’s mother deteriorated significantly, and he had to seriously think about his future. At the beginning of 1818, a Russian embassy was formed at the Persian court. And Alexander Sergeevich accepts a new appointment there as secretary. He took his new position quite seriously and began to intensively study Persian and Arabic, as well as get acquainted with various literature about the East.

Arriving in Tiflis, Griboedov immediately participates in a duel with Yakubovich, but, fortunately, no one was hurt. Moreover, the opponents immediately made peace. Soon, Alexander Sergeevich becomes the favorite of General Ermolov, sincere conversations constantly take place between them, which had a huge influence on Griboyedov.

Life and creativity in Tabriz

In 1819, the Russian mission arrived at the residence, which was located in Tabriz. Here Alexander wrote the first lines of the famous “Woe from Wit”.

It was at this time that the biography of Griboedov became particularly interesting, the interesting facts of which indicate that the writer, despite the embitterment of the Persians, was able to achieve the release of seventy Russian soldiers and bring them to the territory of Tiflis. And General Ermolov even nominated Alexander Sergeevich for the award.

Griboyedov stayed here until 1823, citing the need for long-term treatment. Meanwhile, he continued studying oriental languages ​​and writing “Woe from Wit,” scenes of which, as they were being created, he read to his friend Kuchelbecker. This is how not only a famous work was born, but also a new biography: Griboedov the writer and great creator.

Homecoming

In 1823, in March, Alexander Sergeevich returned to Moscow and met with his friend Begichev. She remains to live in his house and continue to work on her work. Now he often reads his creation in literary circles, and with Prince Vyazemsky he even writes a vaudeville called “Who is Brother, Who is Sister, or Deception after Deception.”

Then the writer moves to St. Petersburg specifically in order to obtain permission to publish his creation. Unfortunately, it was not possible to publish the work in full, but some excerpts were published, which caused an avalanche of criticism.

And when Alexander Sergeevich read out his comedy in artistic circles, he received maximum positive emotions. But, despite great connections, it was never possible to stage the comedy on stage.

This is how the great writer Alexander Griboedov began to be born, whose biography is now known to almost every schoolchild.

Decembrist Alexander Griboyedov

But the joy from the stunning success did not last long, Griboedov began to have sad thoughts more and more often, and he decided to go on a trip to the Crimea and visit Kyiv.

Alexander Sergeevich meets here with his friends - Trubetskoy and Bestuzhev-Ryumin, who are members of the secret society of Decembrists.

They immediately had the idea of ​​involving Alexander, but at that time he was not interested in political views, but continued to enjoy the beauty of those places and studied all sorts of sights. But depression does not leave him, and at the end of September, Alexander Sergeevich joined the detachment of General Velyaminov. Here he writes his poem “Predators on Chegem”.

Soon Ermolov received a message that Alexander should be detained because of his involvement in the uprising, and he secretly told the writer about this. But despite this, the arrest still took place. This is how the Decembrist Griboyedov appeared. The biography is short but sad. Alexander spent about six months in prison, and then was not only released, but also invited to a reception with the king, where he asked in vain for pardon for his friends.

The further fate of the writer after the unsuccessful uprising

The famous writer spent the first months of the summer of 1826 at Bulgarin’s dacha. This is a particularly difficult period, and Griboyedov, whose biography and work these days are filled with sadness and pain for his executed and exiled comrades, decides to move to Moscow.

Here he finds himself in the thick of things. Ermolov is dismissed due to insufficient competence in commanding troops, and Alexander is transferred to the service of Paskevich. Very often, Griboyedov, a writer and poet, now began to experience attacks of fever and nervous attacks.

At this time, Russia and Turkey were launching military operations; a professional diplomat was needed in the East. Naturally, they send Alexander Sergeevich, despite the fact that he made every effort to refuse. Nothing helped.

In any literature where Griboyedov is mentioned (biography, photos and other information relating to his life), it is impossible to find any facts about why this talented man was so urgently sent on this mission, which turned out to be fatal for him. Was this not the king's deliberate revenge for participating in the uprising for which he was accused? After all, it turns out that then Alexander’s future fate was already predetermined.

From the moment he was appointed to this position, Griboyedov begins to mope more and more, anticipating his imminent death. He constantly repeated even to his friends that this was where his grave would be. And on the sixth of June, Alexander Sergeevich leaves St. Petersburg forever. But a very important event awaits him in Tiflis. He marries Princess Chavchavadze, whom he had known for many years and knew her as a child.

Now his young wife accompanies Griboyedov; he constantly writes letters to friends filled with wonderful epithets about his young Nina. The writer arrived in Tehran for the New Year holidays, and initially everything went well. But then, due to controversial issues regarding prisoners, conflicts began, and already on January 30, a group of armed men, inspired by the Muslim clergy, attacked the premises in which the great writer and diplomat was located.

This is how Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was killed, whose biography and work ended completely unexpectedly for everyone. And they will forever remain an irreplaceable loss.

January 15 marks the 220th anniversary of the birth of Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov

Russian playwright, poet, diplomat, literary critic, improvising pianist. From a noble family.

Born in Moscow.

He initially studied at home, with the assistance of professors from Moscow University. He received a comprehensive home education and played musical instruments (piano, flute). Since childhood, he knew foreign languages: German, English, French, Italian.

From 1806 he studied at the Moscow University Noble Boarding School and at the verbal department of Moscow University (1806-08).

Later he attended lectures at the ethical and political department. He was promoted to candidate of law (1810).

Until 1812 he studied at the university, studying mathematics and natural sciences.

In 1812 he was enlisted as a cornet in the Moscow Hussar Regiment.

In December 1812 he was transferred to the Irkutsk Hussar Regiment.

From November 1813 he served at the headquarters as the head of the Cavalry Reserves of General A.S. Kologrivova.

In March 1816 he retired.

In June 1817, he entered the service of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs as provincial secretary.

In December 1817 he received the position of translator.

In July 1818 he was appointed secretary to the attorney in Persia.

In 1822 - secretary “for diplomatic affairs”.

In December 1824 he was elected a member of the free society of lovers of Russian literature.

On January 22, 1826 he was arrested in connection with the Decembrist uprising, and on June 2, 1826 he was released.

He participated in the preparation of the unrealized project of the Russian Transcaucasian Company, and made a significant contribution to the preparation of the Turkmanchay Peace of 1828.

In the summer of 1828 he went to Persia with the rank of Minister Plenipotentiary of the Russian Imperial Mission.

In August 1828, he married the daughter of the poet A. Chavchavadze, Nina Alexandrovna.

Alexander Sergeevich was killed by an angry crowd that broke into the Russian embassy building.

Literary activity began in 1814.

Griboedov's dramaturgy:

"1812"

"Woe from Wit"

"Georgian Night"

"Dialogue of Polovtsian Husbands"

“Who is brother, who is sister, or deception after deception”

"Young Spouses"

“Feigned Infidelity” (together with A.A. Gendre)

"Sideshow Sample"

"Rodamist and Zenobia"

“One’s own family, or a married bride” (together with A.A. Shakhovsky and N.I. Khmelnitsky)

"Serchak and Itlyar"

“Student” (comedy in three acts, written together with P. A. Katenin)

"Youth of the Prophetic"

Publicism by Griboyedov:

"About cavalry reserves"

“On the analysis of the free translation of the Burger ballad “Lenora”

"My Uncle's Character"

“Special cases of the St. Petersburg flood”

P Griboedov's duck notes:

"Mozdok - Tiflis"

"Tiflis - Tehran"

"Tehran - Sultaneya"

"Vagina's Tale"

"Miana - Tabriz - Gargary"

"Ananur quarantine"

"Tiflis - Tabriz"

"Crimea"

Winged expressions from Griboedov’s work “Woe from Wit”:

"French books keep her from sleeping,

But the Russians make it hard for me to sleep."

"Pass us beyond all sorrows

And lordly anger, and lordly love."

"You don't watch happy hours."

"Whoever is poor is not a match for you."

Years of life: from 01/15/1795 to 02/11/1829

Russian playwright, poet and diplomat, composer, pianist. Griboyedov is known as homo unius libri, the writer of one book, a brilliant rhyming play “Woe from Wit.”

Griboyedov was born in Moscow into a noble family. The first Griboyedovs have been known since 1614: Mikhail Efimovich Griboedov received lands in the Vyazemsky Voivodeship from Mikhail Romanov in this year. It is noteworthy that the writer’s mother also came from the same Griboyedov family, from another branch of it. The founder of this branch, Lukyan Griboyedov, owned a small village in the Vladimir land. The writer’s maternal grandfather, although a military man, had amazing taste and abilities, turned Khmelity’s family estate into a real Russian estate, an island of culture. Here, in addition to French, Russian writers were read, Russian magazines were subscribed to, a theater was created, and children received an excellent education for those times. The second, paternal branch of the Griboyedovs, was not so lucky. Griboedov's father, Sergei Ivanovich, is a gambler and spendthrift, a desperate dragoon of the Yaroslavl infantry regiment.

In 1802, Griboyedov was sent to the Noble boarding school. Moreover, in French, German and music he was immediately enrolled in the middle classes. He would remain strong in music and languages ​​throughout his life. Since childhood, knowing French, English, German and Italian, during his studies at the university he studied Greek and Latin, and later Persian, Arabic and Turkish and many other languages. He was also musically gifted: he played the piano, flute, and composed music himself. Two of his waltzes (“Griboyedov Waltz”) are still known.

A year later, I had to leave the boarding school due to illness, switching to home education. In 1806, A.S. Griboyedov (at the age of 11 years) was already a student at Moscow University, who successfully graduated in 1808, receiving the title of candidate of literature, and in 1812, Alexander Sergeevich entered the ethical and legal department , and then to the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics.

During the Patriotic War of 1812, when the enemy approached the Russian border, Griboyedov joined (against his mother’s wishes) the Moscow Hussar Regiment of Count Saltykov, who received permission to form it. Young people were attracted not only by the ideas of patriotism, but also by the beautiful black uniform, decorated with cords and gold embroidery (even Chaadaev moved from the Semenovsky regiment to the Akhtyrsky Hussars, carried away by the beauty of the uniform). However, due to illness, he was absent from the regiment for a long time. Only at the end of June 1814 did he catch up with his regiment, renamed the Irkutsk Hussar Regiment, in the city of Kobrin, in the Kingdom of Poland. In July 1813, he will be seconded to the headquarters of the commander of the cavalry reserves, General A. S. Kologrivov, where he will serve until 1816 in the rank of cornet. It was in this service that Griboyedov began to show his remarkable abilities in the field of diplomacy: he ensured friendly relations with the Polish nobility, resolved conflicts that arose between the army and the local population, showing diplomatic tact. His first literary experiments also appeared here: “Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher”, the essay “On Cavalry Reserves” and the comedy “The Young Spouses” (translation of the French comedy “Le secret du Ménage”) - date back to 1814. In the article “On Cavalry Reserves” Griboedov acted as a historical publicist.

In 1815, after the death of her father, her mother, Nastasya Fedorovna, in order to settle the shaky and complicated affairs of her late husband, invited A.S. Griboyedov to renounce the inheritance in favor of his sister Maria, whom the future writer dearly loved. Having signed the waiver, Griboedov is left without a livelihood. From now on, he will have to earn ranks and fortune through his labor. New literary acquaintances in St. Petersburg, acquired during vacation, literary success (Shakhovskoy himself was delighted with his first play, it was successfully staged in Moscow), lack of prospects in military service - all this served as a reason for Griboedov to begin troubles about resignation. However, when transferring him to the civil service, none of his merits were taken into account (he did not participate in hostilities), and instead of the rank of collegiate assessor (8 in the Table of Ranks), which he applied for, he receives the rank of provincial secretary, one of the lowest ranks (12) in the Table of Ranks (for comparison: A.S. Pushkin will enter the service of the College of Foreign Affairs with the rank of collegiate secretary (10), which was considered a very modest achievement).

From 1817 he served in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs in St. Petersburg, met A.S. Pushkin and V.K. Kuchelbecker.

In 1818, Griboyedov accepted an appointment as secretary of the Russian diplomatic mission under the Persian Shah (1818 - 1821, Tiflis, Tabriz, Tehran) and did a lot to bring Russian prisoners home. This appointment was essentially an exile, the reason for which was Griboyedov’s participation in a quadruple duel over the artist Istomina. A.P. Zavadovsky kills V.V. Sheremetev. The duel between Griboyedov and A.I. Yakubovich has been postponed. Later, in 1818, in the Caucasus, this duel will take place. On it, Griboyedov will be wounded in the arm. It is by the little finger of his left hand that the writer’s corpse, mutilated by the Persians, will subsequently be identified.

Upon returning from Persia in November 1821, he served as diplomatic secretary under the commander of Russian troops in the Caucasus, General A.P. Ermolov, surrounded by many members of Decembrist societies. Lives in Tiflis, working on the first two acts of Woe from Wit. However, this work requires more privacy, more freedom from service, so he asks Yermolov for a long leave. Having received leave, he spends it first in the Tula province, then in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

In January 1826, after the Decembrist uprising, Griboyedov was arrested on suspicion of involvement in a conspiracy. A few months later, he was not only released, but also received another rank, as well as an allowance in the amount of an annual salary. There really was no serious evidence against him, and even now there is no documentary evidence that the writer somehow participated in the activities of secret societies. On the contrary, he is credited with a disparaging description of the conspiracy: “One hundred warrant officers want to turn Russia over!” But, perhaps, Griboedov owes such a complete acquittal to the intercession of a relative - General I.F. Paskevich, a favorite of Nicholas I, who was appointed instead of Ermolov as commander-in-chief of the Caucasian Corps and commander-in-chief of Georgia.

During this period, A.S. Griboyedov manages to do a lot. He takes charge of diplomatic relations with Georgia and Persia, reorganizes Russian policy in Transcaucasia, develops the “Regulations on the Administration of Azerbaijan”, with his participation the “Tiflis Gazette” was founded in 1828, and a “workhouse” was opened for women serving their sentences. A.S. Griboyedov, together with P. D. Zaveleisky, draws up a project on the “Establishment of the Russian Transcaucasian Company” in order to boost the industry of the region. He negotiates with Abbas Mirza on the terms of the Russian-Persian peace, participates in peace negotiations in the village of Turkmanchay. It is he who draws up the final version of the peace treaty, which is extremely beneficial for Russia. In the spring of 1828, Alexander Sergeevich was sent to St. Petersburg with the text of the agreement. Appointed as Resident Minister (Ambassador) to Iran; On the way to his destination, he spent several months in Tiflis, where he married Princess Nina Chavchavadze, the daughter of the head of the Erivan region and the Georgian poet Alexander Chavchavadze.

On January 30, 1829, the Persian authorities provoked an attack on the Russian embassy in Tehran. A crowd of Muslims, incited by fanatics, burst into the embassy building and massacred everyone there, including Griboyedov. The Russian government, not wanting a new military conflict with Persia, was satisfied with the Shah's apology. The Persian Shah sent his son to St. Petersburg to resolve the diplomatic scandal. To compensate for the blood shed, he brought rich gifts to Nicholas I, including the Shah diamond. This diamond, framed with many rubies and emeralds, once adorned the throne of the Great Mughals. Now it is in the collection of the Diamond Fund of the Moscow Kremlin. Griboedov's body was brought to Tiflis (now Tbilisi) and buried in the monastery of St. David.

Griboyedov's date of birth is a special question. The playwright himself indicated the year of birth as 1790. Judging by the information from the confessional books of the Church of the Nine Martyrs, in whose parish the Gribredovs were members for many years, the year of his birth is 1795. There is also a version that he was born in 1794.

The son of A.S. Griboyedov and N.A Chavchavadze was born premature after the death of his father, was baptized Alexander, but died an hour after birth.

A.S. Griboyedov’s wife left the following words on his tombstone:
“Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory,
But why did my love survive you?

Bibliography

Griboedov's dramaturgy:
Dmitry Dryanskoy (comic tragedy) (1812)
The Young Spouses (comedy in one act, in verse) (1814)
One's own family, or The Married Bride (5 scenes for Shakhovsky's comedy) (1817)
Student (comedy in three acts, written together with P. A. Katenin) (1817)
Feigned Infidelity (a comedy in one act in verse) (1817)
Sample interlude (interlude in one act) (1818)
Who is brother, who is sister, or deception after deception (new opera-vaudeville in act 1 together with P.A. Vyazemsky) (1823)
Woe from Wit (comedy in four acts in verse) (1824)
Georgian Night (excerpts from the tragedy) (1828)

Publicism by Griboyedov:
Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the publisher" (1814)
On cavalry reserves (1814)
On the analysis of the free translation of the Burger ballad “Lenora” (1816)
Special cases of the St. Petersburg flood (1824)
Country Trip (1826)