GOST: automated control systems. Sensitivity of Soviet photographic film Alphabetical index of terms in English

Title (English): Industrial automation systems and integration. Product data representation and exchange. Part 203. Application protocol. Configuration controlled design Application area: This standard defines the integrated resources needed to describe the scope of data exchange between application systems and information requirements for three-dimensional designs of mechanical parts and assemblies. Configuration in this context only covers the data and processes that manage 3D product design data. The concept of exchange is used to extend the scope of the standard only to data used as part of a three-dimensional product definition. Organizations exchanging data in accordance with this standard may be subject to contractual relationships that are not covered by the standard.
The scope of this standard covers:
a) products consisting of mechanical parts and assembly units;
b) data defining the product and controlling its configuration relevant to the product design phase;
c) design (design) changes and data associated with documenting the change process;
d) five types of part shape representations, which include wireframe and surface representation without topology, wireframe geometry with topology, heterogeneous surfaces with topology, faceted boundary representation, and boundary representation;
f) alternative representations of data according to various rules (disciplines) at the design stage in the product life cycle;
f) designation of government, industry, company or other specifications for the design, process, surface treatment and materials that are specified by the designer for the product being designed;
g) state, industry, company or other designation of standard parts for the purpose of including them in the design (project) of the product;
h) data necessary to monitor the progress of the project;
i) data necessary to control approval of the design, specific aspects of the design or product configuration management;
j) data identifying the supplier of the product or its design and, where appropriate, certain information about the supplier;
k) designation of the contract and reference to it, if the part is developed under the contract;
l) designation of the level of protection classification (confidentiality) of an individual part or part that is a component of an assembly unit;
m) data used in design analysis or design review results used to justify changes to the design.
The scope of this standard does not cover:
a) data used in the analysis of the project, or the results of its verification, not used to justify changes made to the project;
b) data on changes in the project based on the results of the initial analysis until the end of the project;
c) data defining the product and its configuration management, relevant to any stage of the product life cycle other than design;
d) business data to guide structural design;
f) alternative data representations according to various rules (disciplines), except for the design stage (for example, at the production stage);
f) use of three-dimensional Boolean geometry to represent design objects;
g) data related to the visual representation of any form of the product or the control of its configuration

GOST 24.103-84
AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS.
BASIC POINTS

1. PURPOSE AND CLASSIFICATION SIGNS OF TYPES OF ACS

1.1. The automated control system is designed to ensure the effective functioning of the control object through the automated execution of control functions.

The degree of automation of management functions is determined by production needs, the possibilities of formalizing the management process and must be economically and/or socially justified.

1.2. The main classification criteria that determine the type of automated control system are:

sphere of operation of the control object (industry, construction, transport, agriculture, non-industrial sphere, etc.)
type of controlled process (technological, organizational, economic, etc.);
level in the public administration system, including management of the national economy in accordance with the current management schemes for industries (for industry: industry (ministry), all-Union association, all-Union industrial association, scientific and production association, enterprise (organization), production, workshop, site, technological unit).

2. FUNCTIONS, COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURES OF ACS

2.1. The functions of the automated control system are established in the technical specifications for the creation of a specific automated control system based on an analysis of management goals, specified resources for achieving them, the expected effect of automation and in accordance with the standards that apply to this type of automated control system.

2.2. Each ACS function is implemented by a set of task complexes, individual tasks and operations.

2.3. The functions of the automated control system generally include the following elements (actions):

planning and (or) forecasting;
accounting, control, analysis;
coordination and (or) regulation.

The required composition of elements is selected depending on the type of specific automated control system.

2.4. The functions of the automated control system can be combined into subsystems according to functional and other characteristics.

GOST 24.104-85
Automated control systems control systems
General requirements

1.1.2. The commissioning of automated control systems should lead to useful technical, economic, social or other results, for example:

reducing the number of management personnel;
improving the quality of functioning of the control object;
improving the quality of management, etc.

1.2.1. The automated control system, to the required extent, must automatically perform:

collection, processing and analysis of information (signals, messages, documents, etc.) about the state of the control object;
development of control actions (programs, plans, etc.);
transmission of control actions (signals, instructions, documents) on execution and its control;
implementation and control of control actions;
exchange of information (documents, messages, etc.) with interconnected automated systems.

1.5.2. ACS software must have the following properties:

functional sufficiency (completeness);
reliability (including restoreability, availability of error detection tools);
adaptability;
modifiability;
modularity of construction and ease of use.

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ACS BY ENTERPRISES, PRODUCTION AND RESEARCH AND PRODUCTION ASSOCIATIONS

1. The automated control system must increase the efficiency of production and economic activities of enterprises, production or scientific and production associations (hereinafter referred to as enterprises).

2. The enterprise automated control system (ACS) must provide automated collection and processing of information with the widespread use of optimization methods for the main tasks and control subsystems of the general plant and workshop level, including, if necessary, in real time in teleprocessing and dialogue mode.

3. The automated control system must be implemented as a set of jointly functioning subsystems, the interaction between which must occur through a common (single or distributed) database.

4. Organizational support for automated control systems should provide for the improvement of management methods and the structure of the enterprise management system during the creation and development of automated control systems.

GOST 34.003-90
Automated systems
Terms and Definitions

1. Automated systems. General concepts

1.1 automated system; AC: A system consisting of personnel and a set of automation tools for their activities, implementing information technology to perform established functions.	en automated system; AS
Notes:
1. Depending on the type of activity, for example, the following types of AS are distinguished: automated control systems (ACS), computer-aided design systems (CAD), automated scientific research systems (ASRS), etc. 2. Depending on the type of controlled object (process), automated control systems are divided, for example, into automated control systems for technological processes (APCS), automated control systems for enterprises (APCS), etc.
1.2 integrated automated system; IAS: A set of two or more interconnected ASs, in which the functioning of one of them depends on the results of the functioning of the other (others) so that this set can be considered as a single AS	en integrated AS

General technical terms and explanations used in the field of automated systems

System:
A set of elements united by connections between them and possessing a certain integrity.
Automated process:
A process carried out with the joint participation of humans and automation.
Automatic process:
A process carried out without human intervention.
Information technology:
Techniques, methods and methods of using computer technology in performing the functions of collecting, storing, processing, transmitting and using data.
Purpose of activity:
The desired result of the activity process.
Performance criterion:
A ratio that characterizes the degree of achievement of the goal of an activity and takes on different numerical values depending on the influences used on the object of activity or the specific results of the activity.
Object of activity:
An object (process), the state of which is determined by the incoming influences of a person (team) and, possibly, the external environment.
Algorithm:
A finite set of instructions for obtaining a solution to a problem through a finite number of operations.
Information model:
A model of an object, presented in the form of information that describes the parameters and variable quantities of the object that are essential for this consideration, the connections between them, the inputs and outputs of the object, and which allows, by feeding the model information about changes in input quantities, to simulate possible states of the object.
Control:
A set of purposeful actions, including assessment of the situation and state of the control object, selection of control actions and their implementation.
Automated production complex:
An automated complex that consistently carries out automated production preparation, production itself and its management.

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Document's name:
Document Number:	24.104-85
Document type:	GOST
Receiving authority:	State Standard of the USSR
Status:	The document was canceled in part Active
Published:	official publication
Acceptance date:	December 20, 1985
Start date:	01 January 1987
Revision date:	01 July 2009

GOST 24.104-85

Group P87

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Unified system of standards for automated control systems

AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS

General requirements

Unified system of standards of computer control systems. Computer control systems. General requirements

MKS 35.240
OKSTU 0024

Date of introduction 1987-01-01

By Decree of the USSR State Committee on Standards dated December 20, 1985 N 4632, the introduction date was set to January 1, 1987

INSTEAD GOST 17195-76, GOST 20912-75, GOST 24205-80

EDITION (July 2009) with Amendment (IUS 8-2003).

This standard applies to automated control systems (ACS) of all types (except for national ones) and establishes general requirements for the ACS as a whole, the functions of the ACS, personnel training and types of ACS support, safety and ergonomics, types and procedures for testing when putting the ACS into operation, completeness of the automated control system, guarantees.

The standard does not establish requirements for automated control systems determined by the specifics of control objects. These requirements are formulated in the technical specifications for the creation or development of each automated control system or in other regulatory and technical documents of the customer department of the automated control system.

Additional requirements for automated control systems for technological processes, automated control systems for enterprises, industrial and scientific-production associations, and industry-specific automated control systems are established in mandatory appendices 2-3, respectively.

Appendix 4 provides explanations of some terms used in the standard.

1. REQUIREMENTS FOR ACS

1.1. Requirements for the automated control system in general

1.1.1. An automated control system of any type must comply with the requirements of this standard, the requirements of the technical specifications for its creation or development (hereinafter referred to as the technical specifications for the automated control system), as well as the requirements of regulatory and technical documents in force in the department of the customer of the automated control system.

1.1.2. The commissioning of automated control systems should lead to useful technical, economic, social or other results, for example:

- reduction in the number of management personnel;

- improving the quality of functioning of the control object;

- improving the quality of management, etc.

1.1.3. Specific content of requirements according to clauses 1.1.2, 1.1.5-1.1.11, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4.2, 1.4.3, 1.4.6, 1.4.9, 1.5.2, 1.5.4, 1.5.6, 1.5.7, 1.6.2, 1.6.6, 1.6.12, 1.7.2, 1.7.3 are installed in the technical specifications for the automated control system.

1.1.4. The automated control system must ensure the achievement of the goals of its creation (development) established in the terms of reference for the automated control system.

1.1.5. The automated control system must ensure compatibility between its parts, as well as with automated systems (AS) interconnected with this automated control system.

In cases where an automated control system or a set of automated control systems (AS) is created on the basis of a computer network, multi-level interaction protocol systems must be used to ensure compatibility between elements of such a network.

1.1.6. The automated control system as a whole and all types of its support must be adapted to modernization, development and expansion within the limits of the requirements specified in the terms of reference for the automated control system.

1.1.7. The reliability of the automated control system as a whole and each of its automated functions must be sufficient to achieve the established goals of system operation under given application conditions.

1.1.8. The adaptability of the automated control system must be sufficient to achieve the established goals of its operation in a given range of changes in application conditions.

1.1.9. The ACS must provide for monitoring the correct execution of automated functions and diagnostics, indicating the location, type and cause of violations of the correct functioning of the ACS.

1.1.10. ACSs that have measuring channels must have the ability to control the metrological characteristics of the measuring channels.

1.1.11. The automated control system must provide protection measures against incorrect actions of personnel leading to an emergency condition of an object or control system, against accidental changes and destruction of information and programs, as well as against unauthorized intervention.

1.1.12. Any information entering the ACS is entered into the system once using one input channel, unless this leads to failure to comply with the requirements established in the technical specifications for the ACS (for reliability, reliability, etc.).

1.1.13. Output information of the same semantic content must be generated in the automated control system once, regardless of the number of recipients.

1.1.14. The information contained in the ACS databases must be updated in accordance with the frequency of its use when performing system functions.

1.1.15. The automated control system must be protected from information leakage, if this is stipulated in the technical specifications for the automated control system.

1.1.16. The name of the ACS must include the names of the type of ACS and the control object.

For example:

- automated process control system for heating metal in a methodical furnace;

- organizational and technological automated control system in workshop No. 5;

- Automatic control system of the Hammer and Sickle plant.

1.2. Requirements for ACS functions

1.2.1. The automated control system, to the required extent, must automatically perform:

- collection, processing and analysis of information (signals, messages, documents, etc.) about the state of the control object;

- development of control actions (programs, plans, etc.);

- transfer of control actions (signals, instructions, documents) for execution and its control;

- implementation and control of control actions;

- exchange of information (documents, messages, etc.) with interconnected automated systems.

1.2.2. The composition of automated functions (tasks, sets of tasks - hereinafter referred to as functions) of the automated control system must ensure the ability to control the corresponding object in accordance with any of the goals established in the technical specifications for the automated control system.

1.2.3. The composition of the automated functions of the automated control system and the degree of their automation must be technically, economically and (or) socially justified, taking into account the need to free personnel from performing repetitive actions and create conditions for the use of their creative abilities in the work process.

1.3. Requirements for the preparedness of automated control system personnel

1.3.1. The qualifications of the ACS personnel must ensure the effective functioning of the system in all specified modes.

1.3.2. ACS personnel must be prepared to perform their duties in accordance with organizational support instructions.

1.3.3. Each person who is part of the automated control system personnel must be able to apply the appropriate information models and work with the technical means and documentation used by him that determine the procedure for his activities.

1.4. Requirements for technical support of automated control systems

1.4.1. The complex of technical means of the automated control system must be sufficient to perform all automated functions of the automated control system.

1.4.2. The complex of technical means of automated control systems should mainly use technical means of mass production. If necessary, the use of technical means of single production is allowed.

1.4.3. Replicated automated control systems and their parts must be built on the basis of unified technical means.

1.4.4. ACS technical means must be placed in compliance with the requirements contained in the technical, including operational, documentation for them, and in such a way that it is convenient to use them during the operation of the ACS and perform maintenance.

1.4.5. The placement of technical means used by ACS personnel when performing automated functions must meet ergonomic requirements: for production equipment in accordance with GOST 12.2.049-80, for means of presenting visual information in accordance with GOST 21829-76, including for collective use boards made of digital sign-synthesizing electroluminescent indicators according to GOST 29.05.002-82.

1.4.6. The technical means of the automated control system used in the interaction of the automated control system with other systems must be compatible in interfaces with the corresponding technical means of these systems and the communication systems used.

1.4.7. The automated control system must use technical means with a service life of at least ten years. The use of technical means with a shorter service life is allowed only in justified cases and in agreement with the customer of the automated control system.

1.4.8. Any of the technical means of the automated control system must allow its replacement by a means of a similar functional purpose without any design changes or adjustments in the remaining technical means of the automatic control system (except for cases specifically specified in the technical documentation for the automatic control system).

1.4.9. ACS technical means may be used only under the conditions specified in the operational documentation for them. In cases where it is necessary to use them in an environment whose parameters exceed the permissible values established for these technical means, measures must be provided to protect individual technical means of the automated control system from the influence of external influencing factors.

1.4.10. The automated control system must use computer technology that meets the general technical requirements in accordance with GOST 21552-84.

1.4.11. The automated control system must use technical means corresponding to:

- on stability and external influencing factors - GOST 12997-84 * GOST 14254-96 for shells of electrical products, GOST 17516-72 for electrical products regarding the impact of mechanical environmental factors, GOST 21552-84
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GOST R 52931-2008.

- for power parameters - GOST 12997-84 for industrial devices and automation equipment GSP, GOST 21552-84 for computer equipment;

- according to performance category - GOST 12997-84 for industrial devices and automation equipment GSP, GOST 21552-84 for computer equipment.

1.4.12. Protection of technical means of automated control systems from the influence of external electric and magnetic fields, as well as interference in power supply circuits must be sufficient for the technical means of automated control systems to effectively fulfill their purpose during the operation of the automatic control system.

1.4.13. In the ACS, in accordance with the requirements stipulated by the "All-Union Standards of Permissible Industrial Interference" 1-72 - 9-72 and GOST 23450-79 *, measures must be provided to protect the external environment from industrial radio interference emitted by the technical means of the ACS during operation, as well as at the moment of switching on and off.
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* GOST R 51318.11-2006 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation.

1.4.14. General ergonomic requirements for mnemonic diagrams - according to GOST 21480-76, for counting devices for visual indicators - according to GOST 22902-78, for collective use boards on digital sign-synthesizing electroluminescent indicators - according to GOST 29.05.002-82, for cathode ray tubes for displaying visual information - according to GOST 29.05.006-85.

1.4.15. General ergonomic requirements for switches and switches on consoles: rotary - in accordance with GOST 22613-77, keyboard and push-button - in accordance with GOST 22614-77, "Toggle switch" type - in accordance with GOST 22615-77.

1.4.16. General ergonomic requirements for audible primary message alarms are in accordance with GOST 21786-76.

1.4.17. General ergonomic requirements regulating the organization of the workplace, the relative arrangement of information display devices, controls and communications within the workplace - in accordance with GOST 22269-76, including remote controls - in accordance with GOST 23000-78.

1.4.18. General ergonomic requirements for operator chairs are in accordance with GOST 21889-76.

1.4.19. General ergonomic requirements for the hall, operator cabins and the relative arrangement of workplaces are in accordance with GOST 21958-76.

1.5. ACS software requirements

1.5.1. The ACS software must be sufficient to perform all the functions of the ACS, implemented using computer technology, and also have the means to organize all the required data processing processes, allowing timely execution of all automated functions in all regulated operating modes of the ACS.

1.5.2. ACS software must have the following properties:

- functional sufficiency (completeness);

- reliability (including restoreability, availability of error detection tools);

- adaptability;

- modifiability;

- modularity of construction and ease of use.

1.5.3. ACS software should be primarily built on the basis of existing application software packages and other programs borrowed from government, industry and other funds of algorithms and programs, allow loading and checking in parts and allow the replacement of some programs without correction of others.

1.5.4. The automated control system should primarily use database management systems (DBMS), registered in the prescribed manner.

1.5.5. ACS software must be built in such a way that the absence of individual data does not affect the performance of ACS functions in the implementation of which this data is not used.

1.5.6. ACS software must have tools for diagnosing ACS hardware and monitoring the reliability of input information.

1.5.7. The ACS software must implement measures to protect against errors when entering and processing information, ensuring the specified quality of performance of the ACS functions.

1.5.8. The general software of the automated control system should allow the configuration of special software components and the further development of the automated control system software without interrupting the process of its functioning. The already generated and loaded part of the software must be protected from accidental changes.

1.5.9. All special software programs for a specific automated control system must be compatible both with each other and with its general software.

1.5.10. Operational software documentation for the automated control system must comply with ESPD standards and contain all the information necessary for automated control system personnel to use the automated control system software, for its initial loading and (or) generation, loading information from the internal machine information base, launching automated control systems programs, checking their functioning using appropriate tests .

1.5.11. Newly developed during the creation of a specific automated control system, software products included in its software must be registered in the state, industry or other funds of algorithms and programs (as appropriate).

1.6. Requirements for information support of automated control systems

1.6.1. The information support of the automated control system must be sufficient to perform all automated functions of the automated control system.

1.6.2. To encode information used only in a given automated control system, classifiers accepted by the customer of the automated control system must be used.

1.6.3. To encode output information used at a higher level into the ACS, classifiers of higher-level control systems must be used, except in specially specified cases.

1.6.4. General ergonomic requirements for information coding are in accordance with GOST 21829-76.

1.6.5. The following must be used in the automated control system for communication between devices of a complex of technical means:

- input and output signals:

Electrical - current and voltage according to GOST 26.011-80, with discrete changes in parameters according to GOST 26.013-81, coded according to GOST 26.014-81,

- hydraulic according to GOST 26.012-94,

- pneumatic according to GOST 26.015-81;

- alphanumeric character sets according to GOST 27465-87;

- 8-bit codes according to GOST 19768-93.

1.6.6. The information support of the automated control system must be compatible with the information support of systems interacting with it, in terms of content, coding system, addressing methods, data formats and the form of presentation of information received and issued by the automated control system.

1.6.7. The forms of documents created by the automated control system must comply with the requirements of the USD standards or regulatory and technical documents of the department of the customer of the automated control system.

1.6.8. The forms of documents and video frames entered, output or adjusted through ACS terminals must be consistent with the relevant technical characteristics of the terminals.

1.6.9. The totality of information arrays of automated control systems must be organized in the form of databases on computer media.

1.6.10. The form of presentation of the output information of the automated control system must be agreed upon with the customer (user) of the system.

1.6.11. The terms and abbreviations used in the output documents of the automated control system must be generally accepted in the given subject area and agreed with the customer of the system.

1.6.12. The automated control system must provide the necessary measures to control and update data in the information arrays of the automated control system, restore the arrays after the failure of any technical means of the automated control system, as well as control the identity of the information of the same name in the databases.

1.7. Requirements for organizational support of automated control systems

1.7.1. The organizational support of the automated control system must be sufficient for the effective performance by the automated control system personnel of the duties assigned to them when performing automated and related non-automated functions of the system.

1.7.2. The organizational structure of the automated control system must allow the performance of all functions of the automated control system, taking into account their distribution among management levels.

1.7.3. Requirements for the distribution of responsibilities among personnel involved in the operation of the automated control system in real time are determined taking into account the requirements of clause 11 of mandatory Appendix 1.

1.7.4. Instructions for the organizational support of the automated control system must determine the actions of the automated control system personnel necessary to perform each automated function in all modes of operation of the automated control system, taking into account the specified requirements for the accuracy and speed of implementation by the automated control system personnel of their functional duties, and also contain specific instructions on actions in the event of emergency situations or violation of the normal operating conditions of the automated control system. Requirements for the content of instructions - according to RD 50-698-90*.

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* The document is not provided. For more information please follow the link. - Database manufacturer's note.

1.7.5. For each automated function that is performed in interaction of this ACS with other systems, instructions to the personnel of the ACS and these systems must be interconnected for all modes of performing this function and contain instructions on the actions of personnel in the event of failures of technical means of the ACS.

1.8. Requirements for linguistic support of automated control systems

1.8.1. The linguistic support of the automated control system must be sufficient for communication between various categories of users in a form convenient for them with the automated control system automation tools and for carrying out procedures for converting and machine representation of information processed in the automated control system.

1.8.2. The linguistic support of the automated control system should include:

language tools are provided to describe any information used in the automated control system;

- the language means used are unified;

- descriptions of similar elements of information and recording of syntactic structures have been standardized;

- convenience, unambiguity and stability of communication between users and automated control systems are ensured;

- means are provided for correcting errors that arise when users communicate with the technical means of the automated control system.

1.8.3. The linguistic support of the automated control system must be reflected in the documentation (instructions, descriptions) of the organizational support of the automated control system in the form of rules for communication between users and technical means of the automated control system in all modes of system operation.

1.9. Requirements for legal support of automated control systems

Legal support for automated control systems should include a set of legal norms:

Determining the legal force of information on data carriers and documents used in the operation of the automated control system and created by the system;

- regulating legal relations between persons included in the ACS personnel (rights, duties and responsibilities), as well as between ACS personnel and personnel of systems interacting with the ACS.

Note. Rules and regulations arising from the legal validity of information on data carriers and legal norms must be included in the organizational support instructions and regulations for the relevant ICS services.

1.10. Requirements for operational documentation for automated control systems

1.10.1. The operational documentation for the ACS must be sufficient for putting the ACS into operation and for its effective functioning.

1.10.2. The operational documentation for the automated control system must:

- contain information necessary for quick and high-quality development and proper operation of automated control systems;

- contain instructions on the activities of ACS personnel in emergency situations or in case of violation of the normal operating conditions of the ACS;

- do not contain provisions that allow ambiguous interpretation.

2. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Incorrect actions of ACS personnel should not lead to an emergency.

2.2. Safety requirements for electrical products used in automated control systems are in accordance with GOST 12.2.007.0-75.

2.3. Security requirements for computer equipment used in automated control systems are in accordance with GOST 25861-83.

2.4. All external elements of the technical means of the automated control system that are energized must be protected from accidental contact, and the technical means themselves must be grounded or protectively grounded in accordance with GOST 12.1.030-81 and the “Rules for Electrical Installations”.

2.5. ACS technical equipment located in explosion- and fire-hazardous installations must meet the requirements of the "Rules for the Construction of Electrical Installations".

2.6. ACS technical means must be installed in such a way as to ensure their safe operation and maintenance.

2.7. Safety requirements must be established in a special section of job descriptions and (or) operating instructions for automated control systems and have links to operating instructions for technical equipment.

2.8. General ergonomic requirements for workplaces of automated control system personnel are in accordance with GOST 22269-76.

2.9. Comfortable living conditions for automated control system personnel must comply with current sanitary standards, maximum permissible living conditions - according to GOST 12.1.005-88, permissible levels of influence of dangerous and harmful production factors - according to GOST 12.0.003-74.

2.10. General ergonomic requirements for the microclimate of the working premises of automated control system personnel are in accordance with GOST 12.1.005-88.

2.11. Noise and sound power levels at the locations of automated control system personnel should not exceed the values established by GOST 12.1.003-83 and sanitary standards, while the noise and sound power levels created by all sources, including acoustic means of data transmission, must be taken into account.

2.12. The illumination levels of workplaces of automated control system personnel must correspond to the nature and working conditions. Anti-glare and glare control must be provided.

2.13. General ergonomic requirements for vibration of equipment at workplaces of automated control system personnel - in accordance with GOST 12.1.012-2004.

2.14. Signal colors and safety signs - according to GOST 12.4.026-76 *.
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* GOST R 12.4.026-2001 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation.

3. TYPES AND PROCEDURE OF TESTS WHEN PUTTING ACS INTO OPERATION - according to GOST 34.603-92

3.1-3.7.13 (Deleted, Amendment).

4. COMPLETENESS OF THE ACS PUT INTO OPERATION

4.1. The ACS should include:

- technical means of automated control systems in the form of a complex of technical means of automatic control systems prepared for operation;

- spare parts and devices (SPTA), instruments and devices for testing operability, setting up technical equipment and monitoring the metrological characteristics of the measuring channels of the automated control system to the extent provided for by the custom design documentation agreed with the customer of the automatic control system and the user’s metrology service in terms of verification equipment;

- operational documentation in accordance with GOST 2.601-2006 for each of the products included in the CTS ACS;

- at least two copies of programs on data carriers and operational documentation on them in accordance with GOST 19.101-77, taking into account the restrictions and additions in accordance with GOST 34.201-89 and RD 50-698-90;

- a form for the ACS software as a whole or for the software of an ACS function put into operation separately and forms for software products (according to GOST 19781-90), each in one copy. Requirements for the form - according to GOST 19.501-78;

- two copies of operational documentation for the automated control system in accordance with GOST 34.201-89, including the necessary documentation for the information support of the automated control system (the automated control system form in one copy).

By agreement between the ACS developer and the ACS customer, the completeness of the ACS can be expanded.

4.2. ACS staff must be staffed with personnel meeting the requirements of clause 1.3.

4.3. To complete the created automated control system, the following can be used, supplied as production and technical products:

- a complex (complexes) of hardware and software with operational documentation for them in accordance with GOST 2.601-2006;

- software products with operational documentation for them in accordance with GOST 19.101-77;

- technical equipment with operational documentation for them in accordance with GOST 2.601-2006.

4.4. The procedure for development, launching into production and testing of supplied components used in the automated control system must comply with State standards for the system of development and launching of products into production.

Before being put into production, prototypes of components are subjected to acceptance (state, interdepartmental, departmental) tests.

5. WARRANTY

5.1. The developer of the automated control system guarantees compliance of the automated control system with the requirements of this standard and the technical specifications for the automatic control system, subject to the user's compliance with the operating conditions and rules.

5.2. Compliance of hardware, software and automation equipment systems used in automated control systems and supplied as production and technical products with the requirements of standards and specifications for them is guaranteed by the manufacturers of these types of products, subject to the user's compliance with the operating conditions and rules.

5.3. The warranty period for the ACS is calculated from the date the ACS is put into operation.

5.4. The warranty period for the ACS must be established in the technical specifications for the ACS and cannot be less than 18 months.

APPENDIX 1 (mandatory). ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AUTOMATED PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS (APCS)

ANNEX 1
Mandatory

1. Process control systems in industry and non-industrial areas must manage the technological object as a whole and supply interconnected systems with reliable technological and technical and economic information about the operation of the technological control object (TOU).

2. The automated process control system must develop and implement control actions on the technical control system that are rational in terms of goals and control criteria in real time of the technological process in the control object.

3. The automated process control system must perform control, information and auxiliary functions.

4. The process control system must be compatible with all automated systems (AS) interconnected with it, specified in the terms of reference for the process control system, including systems included with this process control system as part of flexible automated production, for example, CAD technologies, automated warehouse and transport systems, AS for technological preparation of production.

5. Control actions in the automated process control system must be generated automatically or generated by its operating personnel using a set of automation tools included in the system.

6. The automated process control system must ensure control of the facility under normal, transient and pre-emergency conditions of its operation, as well as protection or shutdown of the facility in the event of a threat of an accident.

7. The automated process control system must carry out the function of monitoring the execution of control actions on the technical equipment and signal when the executive bodies reach their maximum permissible positions.

8. When implementing the function of emergency automatic shutdown of equipment in the process control system, an alarm about this must be provided to the operating personnel using light and, if necessary, sound signals with automatic recording of the shutdown time.

9. As the main technical means of automated process control systems, products of the State System of Industrial Instruments and Automation Equipment (GSP), other products that meet the requirements of ESSP standards, and computer equipment that comply with GOST 21552-84 should be used.

10. Technical means of automated process control systems located on process equipment must meet the requirements for their operating conditions.

11. Responsibilities between operators should be distributed taking into account:

- participation of personnel in performing manual functions of the system and its interaction with other systems;

- the permissible level of psychophysiological and emotional load of operators established by industry normative and technical documents associated with the performance of the duties assigned to each of them and his responsibility for the final and intermediate results of work, as well as the required level of his activity in the process of work.

12. Each person included in the staff must have:

- knowledge, the volume and depth of which allows him to perform all actions (interactions) included in the corresponding automated and related non-automated functions of the automated process control system, as well as make the right decisions in emergency situations or other violations of normal operation;

- developed skills that allow performing all actions and interactions with specified accuracy and speed.

13. The automated process control system software must provide, and the organizational support must reflect, language tools for communication between operational personnel and the automated process control system, convenient and accessible to persons who do not have programmer qualifications.

14. Codes and symbols used in the process control system should be close to the terms and concepts used by the technological personnel of the control object, and should not cause difficulties in their perception.

15. The measuring channels of the automated process control system must have metrological characteristics that ensure the performance of its information functions with the indicators specified in the technical specifications for the automated process control system.

16. Requirements for testing automated process control systems

16.1. Preliminary tests of the automated process control system are carried out on an existing technical equipment.

16.2. Preliminary tests of the functions of the automated process control system necessary for the start-up and running-in of process equipment can be carried out on site using simulators.

16.3. Determination of the actual values of indicators of technical and economic efficiency and reliability of the automated process control system is carried out after its commissioning. The operating time of the automated process control system, necessary to determine the actual values of its indicators, is calculated using the appropriate methods approved in the prescribed manner.

APPENDIX 2 (mandatory). ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ACS BY ENTERPRISES, PRODUCTION AND RESEARCH AND PRODUCTION ASSOCIATIONS

APPENDIX 2
Mandatory

1. The automated control system must increase the efficiency of the production and economic activities of an enterprise, production or research and production association (hereinafter referred to as the enterprise).

3. The automated control system must be implemented as a set of jointly functioning subsystems, the interaction between which must occur through a common (single or distributed) database.

APPENDIX 3 (mandatory). ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRY AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS (OACS)

APPENDIX 3
Mandatory

1. OASU must ensure:

- improving the characteristics of the control object (increasing labor productivity in the industry, improving product quality, timely delivery of products, reducing the cost of manufactured products);

- improvement of information processing processes (reducing the cost of information processing, increasing the reliability of source data, increasing the accuracy and efficiency of calculations);

- improving the organization of management functions (in particular, the rational distribution of work between divisions of the management apparatus, computer centers and research organizations and enterprises).

2. The OASU must automate industry management functions, for example:

- forecasting and planning of production and industry resources;

- management of scientific and technical development of the industry and technical preparation of industry production;

- industry labor resources management;

- management of industry material resources;

- management of capital construction in the industry;

- management of financial resources of the industry;

- management, including operational management, of main production at the industry level, etc.

3. OACS should be implemented as a set of jointly functioning subsystems, interaction between which should occur through common databases.

4. OASU must include a data collection system based on the computer centers of OASU, organizations and enterprises in the industry, ensuring rational distribution of information in databases for solving interacting problems and transfer of information between systems via communication channels and on computer media.

5. OACS must provide an interactive mode of working with system databases.

6. The creation of the OASU should lead to the improvement of methods and structure of industry management.

7. The duration of trial operation of parts of the OACS must ensure a one-time performance of all calculations necessary to perform the automated functions of the introduced part of the OACS, and should not exceed 3 months.

The specific duration of trial operation of the OASU is established by agreement between the developer and the customer.

APPENDIX 4 (for reference). EXPLANATION OF SOME TERMS USED IN THIS STANDARD

APPENDIX 4
Information

Complex of automation equipment (CAS)- a supplied set of mutually agreed upon sets of hardware and software (products), developed and manufactured as products for industrial and technical purposes. The KSA may also include other products and (or) documents included in the information, organizational or other types of support for automated systems.

Expansion of automated control systems- a set of measures taken in the automated control system when expanding its control object without changing the composition of the automated control system functions.

Video frame (in ACS)- image on the screen of a cathode ray tube document of a drawing or message text used in the automated control system.

ACS measuring channel- a functionally integrated set of technical and (if necessary) software tools designed to implement one simple measuring function of the automated control system.

Preliminary tests of the automated control system- control tests carried out to determine the possibility of accepting the automated control system for trial operation.

ACS acceptance tests- control tests of the automated control system, carried out to determine its compliance with the technical specifications for the creation of the automated control system, the requirements of the standards and to determine the possibility of putting the automated control system into operation.

State tests- acceptance tests of automated control systems conducted by the state commission.

Interdepartmental testing of automated control systems- acceptance tests of automated control systems conducted by a commission of representatives of several interested ministries and (or) departments.

Departmental tests of automated control systems- acceptance tests of automated control systems conducted by a commission of representatives of the interested ministry or department.

Electronic document text
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
Information technology.
Automated systems.
Key points:
Sat. GOST. -
M.: Standartinform, 2009

GOST 24.104-85 Unified system of standards for automated control systems. Automated control systems. General requirements

Document's name:	GOST 24.104-85 Unified system of standards for automated control systems. Automated control systems. General requirements
Document Number:	24.104-85
Document type:	GOST
Receiving authority:	State Standard of the USSR
Status:	The document was canceled in part Active
Published:	official publication Information technology. Automated systems. Basic provisions: Sat. GOST. - M.: Standartinform, 2009
Acceptance date:	December 20, 1985
Start date:	01 January 1987
Revision date:	01 July 2009

On my website there are several reviews of photo exposure meters - devices for measuring the level of illumination of the subject being photographed and calculating exposure.

In reviews, I compare the exposure calculated on a Soviet exposure meter with the parameters recommended by my digital SLR.

Let's think about it, is this comparison correct? After all, one of the parameters that is involved in calculating exposure is film sensitivity.

On digital cameras, sensitivity is set in ISO units, and on Soviet exposure meters (including those built into cameras) - in GOST units.

If you noticed, when comparing exposure calculations, I equate these units. With a slight adjustment, for example, to the fact that the Soviet exposure meter has a mark of 130 units on its scale, and a modern device allows you to set only 125.

Is it possible to equate GOST and ISO units?

In the forums I have met several times, for example, opinions of this kind:

“GOST 65 = 100 ISO

GOST 130 = 200 ISO”

We need to figure it out.

First, a little history.

During the Soviet era, there was no ISO system as such, and light sensitivity scales were national.

Since 1928, the Hurter and Driffield photosensitivity scale (H&D) has been used in the Union according to GOST 2817-45. This system appeared in England back in 1890.

In our country this scale is abbreviated as “X and D”.
In 1951, the USSR switched to another scale - GOST 2817-50. From that time on, Soviet sensitivity units began to be called simply “GOST”

The GOST scale was close to the American ASA (American Standards Association) scale of 1947.

Here I will make an important caveat. If we approach it as strictly as possible mathematically, then the GOST and ASA scales are different.

GOST was not completely copied from ASA. Naturally, in the USSR and the USA there were different approaches to calculations, based on other different standards, tolerances, and traditions.

However, if you don’t dive into math, the scales will be VERY close. So close that on the markings of exposure meters they were simply equated.

You also need to take into account that the ASA standard itself has not stood still. For example, the corresponding Wiki article provides a table in which sensitivity units correspond to the 1960 standard.
In parallel with ASA, the German DIN scale (Deutsche Industrie Normen) was used in the USSR. This system was introduced in Germany in 1934.

The DIN scale stands apart from others. If for all other units of measurement the real sensitivity of the film doubles when the nominal unit of measurement is doubled, then on the DIN scale the sensitivity doubles when the unit of measurement increases by approximately 3.

So, 65 (ASA, GOST) = 19 (DIN), and 125 (ASA, GOST) = 22 (DIN)

Writing DIN units as shown in the example above was introduced in 1960. Before this, it was supposed to show a fraction with a denominator of 10 and a degree symbol.

For example, like this - “22/10°”. See an example in the first photo.

In 1957, the formula for calculating DIN changed. For example, 18 DIN became 21 DIN. In 1960, this scale was harmonized with the American ASA standard.

The ISO standard (from the International Standards Organization of the same name) was adopted in 1974. They didn't try to be clever. The standard simply combines ASA and DIN.

The full ISO sensitivity record looks like this: “250/25°”. 250 is ASA, 25 is DIN.

In the USSR in 1987, a new GOST (10691-84) was adopted for photosensitivity. This GOST has been brought into compliance with the international ISO standard.

The sensitivity standard for digital technology is described by ISO 12232:2006

Here's the story.

What do we have in the bottom line?

First.

Standards for measuring sensitivity, both foreign and Soviet, have changed over time. 125 units of the 50s, strictly speaking, are not the same as 125 units of the 80s.

In fact, there were two GOSTs.

1. GOST 2817-50 from 1951 to 1986

2. GOST 10691-84 from 1987 to this day, as it were...

I do not take into account “X and D”, since this scale had a proper name, although, of course, there was GOST for it too.

The changes, meanwhile, were not too radical. Formulas changed, standards were brought into line with each other.

There were no devaluations or denominations aimed specifically at shifting the scales.

Second.

Soviet GOST has always been similar to ASA. The ISO standard is also based on the ASA. The new Soviet GOST was specifically aligned with ISO.

Conclusion:

GOST is sufficiently consistent with ISO. Moreover, both the new GOST and the old one, which is from 1951.

Yes, there will not be a complete arithmetic identity. But we are not analyzing formulas, but studying the practical side of the issue.

Where does the information about the discrepancy that is described at the very beginning come from?

I think that the legs here grow from this table:

Exposure meter scale markings	Film speed
GOST 2817-50	GOST 10691-84
16	16–20–25
32	32–40–50
65	64–80–100
130	125–160–200
250	250–320–400

What does the table say?

In photo exposure meters designed for the old GOST, only basic - discrete - sensitivity values were often indicated.

The range of film sensitivities was wider and also contained intermediate values.

So, the table shows which types of films according to the new GOST correspond to each value set in the exposure meter according to the old GOST.

Bold values in the right column give the best match.

So, if you, using an ancient Soviet exposure meter (provided that it has retained its functionality and accuracy), determined the exposure for a film with a sensitivity of 130 GOST units, then you can transfer this exposure to your digital camera and specify the sensitivity of the matrix 125 or 160 or 200 ISO.

For all three options the result will be good. But the closest, yes, is considered 200.

In this case, the sensitivity of the film on which 125 GOST / ASA is written will be equal to the sensitivity of the digital matrix, for which ISO 125 is set.

The table does not compare the sensitivity of photographic materials.

The table only says that in ancient exposure meters the entire film sensitivity range corresponded to one division on the calculator. Any of the values in the interval were correct. But the smallest error according to the formulas was given by the largest sensitivity value.

I hope I didn't confuse you. :O)

Is the statement true?

GOST 65 = 100 ISO

GOST 130 = 200 ISO?

It depends on what for.

Firstly, as I already said, this is not about comparing the sensitivity of photographic materials. The sensitivity according to the old GOST, the new one and ISO are approximately the same. The new GOST is closer, of course.

The indicated ratio should only be relied upon when using old exposure meters to calculate the exposure of modern films/matrices.

Secondly, the new GOST complies with ISO. Therefore, even a Soviet exposure meter released after 1987 (Sverdlovsk-4, for example) should give correct values.

Okay, point-blank question. :O)

Did I correctly compare the work of OPTEC and tabular exposure meters with the work of a digital SLR exposure meter in light of everything written here? These exposure meters are designed for the old GOST.

Answer: Yes, in my opinion, correct. I set the ISO sensitivity equal to GOST and this is acceptable, according to the table above, although this is not the most accurate option.

Not the most accurate, but acceptable.

In any case, the error that I encounter is less than one stop, which is completely normal for both digital and, even more so, film photography.

If you have your own opinion on this matter, write!

That's all for me. Good luck!

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If you are interested in my resource, I invite you to support the project and become a member of any of the communities. Share your experience, express your thoughts, ask questions, participate in discussions!
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Date of introduction 01/01/92

This standard establishes terms and definitions of basic concepts in the field of automated systems (AS) and applies to AS used in various fields of activity (management, research, design, etc., including their combination), the content of which is information processing.

This standard does not apply to systems designed to process (manufacture, assemble, transport) any products, materials or energy.

The terms established by this standard are mandatory for use in all types of documentation and literature on automated systems included in the scope of standardization work and using the results of this work, and are recommended for use in scientific, technical, reference and educational literature.

This standard must be used in conjunction with GOST 15971 and GOST 16504.

1. For each concept, one standardized term is established. Synonymous terms that are unacceptable for use are given in parentheses after the standardized term and are marked “NDP”.

2. For individual standardized terms, short forms are given as reference, which are permitted to be used in cases that exclude the possibility of their different interpretation.

3. The given definitions can, if necessary, be changed by introducing derived features into them, revealing the meanings of the terms used in them, indicating the objects included in the scope of the defined concept. Changes must not affect the scope and content of the concepts defined in this standard.

In cases where the term contains all the necessary and sufficient characteristics of the concept, the definition is not given and a dash is put in its place.

4. The standard provides foreign language equivalents for a number of standardized terms in English (en).

5. The standard contains alphabetical indexes of terms in Russian and their English equivalents.

6. Terms and definitions of general technical concepts necessary for understanding the text of the standard are given in.

7. Standardized terms are typed in bold, their short forms represented by abbreviations are in light, and synonyms are in italics.

1. Automated systems. General concepts

1.1 automated system; A.C.: A system consisting of personnel and a set of automation tools for their activities, implementing information technology to perform established functions.	en automated system; AS
Notes:
1. Depending on the type of activity, for example, the following types of AS are distinguished: automated control systems (ACS), computer-aided design systems (CAD), automated scientific research systems (ASRS), etc. 2. Depending on the type of controlled object (process), automated control systems are divided, for example, into automated control systems for technological processes (APCS), automated control systems for enterprises (APCS), etc.
1.2 integrated automated system; IAS: A set of two or more interconnected ASs, in which the functioning of one of them depends on the results of the functioning of the other (others) so that this set can be considered as a single AS	en integrated AS
1.3 automated system function; AC function: A set of actions of the AS aimed at achieving a specific goal	en AS function
1.4 task of an automated system; AS task: A function or part of an AS function, which is a formalized set of automatic actions, the implementation of which leads to a result of a given type	en AS problem
1.5 algorithm for the functioning of the automated system; speaker operating algorithm: An algorithm that sets the conditions and sequence of actions of the components of an automated system when it performs its functions	en AS operation algorithm
1.6 scientific and technical level of the automated system; NTU AS: An indicator or a set of indicators characterizing the degree of compliance of the technical and economic characteristics of a nuclear power plant with modern achievements of science and technology	en technical level of AS

2. Main components of automated systems

2.1 user of the automated system; AC user: A person participating in the operation of the AS or using the results of its operation	en AS user
2.2 operating personnel of the automated system; AC operating personnel: -	en AS maintenance staff
2.3 organizational support of the automated system; organizational support of the AS: A set of documents establishing the organizational structure, rights and obligations of users and operating personnel of the NPP in the conditions of operation, testing and ensuring the operability of the NPP	en AS organizational support
2.4 methodological support of the automated system; methodological support for AS: A set of documents describing the operating technology of the AS, methods for selecting and using technological techniques by users to obtain specific results during the operation of the AS	en AS methodical support
2.5 technical support of the automated system; AC technical support: The totality of all technical means used in the operation of the AS	en AS hardware
2.6 mathematical support of the automated system; AS software: A set of mathematical methods, models and algorithms used in AS	en AS mathematical support
2.7 automated system software; AC software: A set of programs on storage media and program documents intended for debugging, operating and testing the performance of the AS	en AS software
2.8 information support of the automated system; AS information support: A set of document forms, classifiers, regulatory framework and implemented solutions on the volume, placement and forms of existence of information used in the automated system during its operation	en AS information support
2.9 linguistic support of the automated system; linguistic support for speakers: A set of tools and rules for formalizing natural language used when communicating between users and operating personnel of the NPP with a set of automation tools during the operation of the NPP	en AS linguistic support
2.10 legal support for the automated system; legal support for AS: A set of legal norms regulating legal relations during the functioning of the AS and the legal status of the results of its functioning. Note: Legal support is implemented in the organizational support of the AS.
2.11 ergonomic support of the automated system; ergonomic support for speakers: A set of implemented solutions in NPPs to harmonize the psychological, psychophysiological, anthropometric, physiological characteristics and capabilities of NPP users with the technical characteristics of the NPP automation equipment complex and the parameters of the working environment at the NPP personnel workplaces	en AS anthropo-technical support
2.12 a set of automation tools for an automated system; KSA AC: The totality of all components of the speaker, with the exception of people	en AS automation means complex
2.13 automated system component; AC component: Part of the AS, identified by a certain characteristic or set of characteristics and considered as a whole	en AS component
2.14 component product in an automated system; AC component: Product or unit of scientific and technical products used as an integral part of the nuclear power plant in accordance with the technical conditions or technical specifications for it
2.15 software product in an automated system; AC software product: Software product manufactured, passed tests of the established type and supplied as production and technical products for use in automated systems	en program product in AS
2.16 information medium. A set of organized, relatively permanent information on a storage medium, describing the parameters and characteristics of a given application area, and corresponding documentation, intended for delivery to the user. Note: The documentation of the information tool can be supplied on a storage medium.	en information facility
2.17 information product in an automated system; information product in AS: Information tool manufactured, passed tests of the established type and supplied as production and technical products for use in nuclear power plants	en AS information product
2.18 software and hardware complex of the automated system; PTK AS: Products that represent a set of computer hardware, software and tools for creating and filling a machine information base when putting the system into operation, sufficient to perform one or more AS tasks
2.19 information base of the automated system; AS information base: A set of ordered information used in the operation of the AS	en informational background of AS
2.20 off-machine information base of an automated system; off-machine information base AS: Part of the AS information base, which is a set of documents intended for direct perception by a person without the use of computer technology	en AS external information base
2.21 machine information base of an automated system; machine information base AS: Part of the AS information base, which is a collection of information used in the AS on data carriers	en AS computer information base
2.22 automated workstation; AWS: AS software and hardware complex designed to automate a certain type of activity. Note. Types of workstations, for example, are operator-technologist's workstation, engineer's workstation, designer's workstation, accountant's workstation, etc.	en automated workplace

3. Properties and indicators of automated systems

3.1 efficiency of the automated system; AC efficiency: A property of an AS, characterized by the degree to which the goals set during its creation are achieved. Note. The types of NPP efficiency, for example, include economic, technical, social, etc.	en AS efficiency
3.2 indicator of the effectiveness of the automated system; AC efficiency indicator: A measure or characteristic for assessing the effectiveness of speakers	en AS efficiency index
3.3 compatibility of automated systems; speaker compatibility: A complex property of two or more speakers, characterized by their ability to interact during operation. Note. System compatibility includes technical, software, information, organizational, linguistic and, if necessary, metrological compatibility.	en AS compatibility
3.4 technical compatibility of automated systems; technical compatibility of speakers: Partial compatibility of speakers, characterized by the possibility of interaction of technical means of these systems	en AS hardware compatibility
3.5 software compatibility of automated systems; speaker software compatibility: Partial compatibility of systems, characterized by the ability to run programs of one system in another and exchange programs necessary for the interaction of systems	en AS software compatibility
3.6 information compatibility of automated systems; information compatibility of speakers: Partial compatibility of speakers, characterized by the possibility of using the same data in them and exchanging data between them	en AS data level compatibility
3.7 organizational compatibility of automated systems; organizational compatibility of AS: Partial compatibility of AS, characterized by the consistency of the rules of action of their personnel, regulating the interaction of these AS	en AS organization level compatibility
3.8 linguistic compatibility of automated systems; linguistic compatibility of speakers: Partial compatibility of AS, characterized by the possibility of using the same language means of communication between personnel and a set of automation tools for these AS	en AS linguistic level compatibility
3.9 metrological compatibility of automated systems; metrological compatibility of speakers: Partial compatibility of speakers, characterized by the fact that the accuracy of the measurement results obtained in one speaker allows them to be used in another	en AS metrological compatibility
3.10 adaptability of the automated system; speaker adaptability: The ability of the AS to change to maintain its performance within specified limits when the external environment changes	en AS adaptivity
3.11. reliability of the automated system; speaker reliability: The complex property of the speaker system to maintain over time, within established limits, the values of all parameters that characterize the ability of the speaker system to perform its functions in specified modes and operating conditions. Note. The reliability of the AC includes the properties of failure-free operation and maintainability of the AC, and in some cases, the durability of the technical equipment of the AC.	en AS reliability
3.12 survivability of the automated system; survivability of the speaker: AC property characterized by the ability to perform a specified scope of functions under environmental influences and system component failures within specified limits	en AS survivability
3.13 noise immunity of the automated system; noise immunity AC: A property of speakers characterized by the ability to perform their functions under conditions of interference, in particular from electromagnetic fields	en AS noise immunity

4. Creation and operation of automated systems

4.1 life cycle of an automated system; AC life cycle: A set of interrelated processes of creation and sequential changes in the state of the NPP from the formation of initial requirements for it to the end of operation and disposal of the complex of NPP automation equipment	en AS life cycle
4.2 process of creating an automated system; process of creating speakers: A set of works from the formation of initial requirements for the system to commissioning
4.3 stage of creating an automated system; stage of creation of the AS: One of the parts of the process of creating an NPP, established by regulatory documents and ending with the release of documentation for the NPP, containing a description of the complete, within the specified requirements, model of the NPP at a given level for a given stage, or the manufacture of non-serial components of the NPP, or the acceptance of the NPP for industrial operation	en AS making stage
4.4 stage of creating an automated system; stage of creating an AS: Part of the AS creation stage, allocated for reasons of the unity of the nature of the work and (or) the final result or specialization of the performers	en AS making phase
4.5 turn of the automated system; AC queue: Part of the system for which the terms of reference for the creation of the system as a whole establish separate commissioning dates and a set of implemented functions	en AS sequence
4.6 development of an automated system; AS development: Targeted improvement of performance or expansion of speaker functions	en AS evolution
4.7 support of the automated system; AC support: Activities to provide services necessary to ensure the sustainable operation or development of nuclear power plants	en AS maintenance
4.8 interaction of automated systems; AC interaction: Exchange of data, commands and signals between functioning speakers	en AS interaction
4.9 automated system message; AC message: Information in the form of a complete block of data transmitted during the operation of the speaker system	en AS message
4.10 unified procedure in an automated system; unified AS procedure: The common part of various automated functions or tasks, which is a formalized set of their identical actions
4.11 interactive mode of performing automated system functions; interactive mode of performing the AC function: Mode of performance of the AS function, in which a person controls the solution of a problem, changing its conditions and (or) the order of operation of the AS based on an assessment of the information presented to him by the technical means of the AS	en AS conversational mode
4.12 non-automated mode of performing the functions of an automated system; non-automated mode of performing the AC function: A mode of performing the AC function in which it is performed only by a person	en AS manual mode

5. Documentation for the automated system

5.1 documentation for the automated system; documentation for the speaker: A set of interrelated documents that fully define the technical requirements for the NPP, design and organizational solutions for the creation and operation of the NPP	en documentation of AS
5.2 acceptance documentation for the automated system; acceptance documentation for the NPP: Documentation recording information confirming the readiness of the plant for acceptance into operation, the compliance of the plant with the requirements of regulatory documents
5.3 technical specifications for an automated system; Technical specifications for the speaker: A document drawn up in the prescribed manner and defining the goals of creating the AS, requirements for the AS and the basic initial data necessary for its development, as well as the schedule for creating the AS	en AS design specification
5.4 technical design of an automated system; technical project AC: A set of design documents for the NPP, developed at the "Technical Design" stage, approved in the prescribed manner, containing the main design decisions for the system as a whole, its functions and all types of support for the NPP and sufficient for the development of working documentation for the NPP	en AS technical project
5.5 working documentation for the automated system; working documentation for the speaker: A set of design documents for the NPP, developed at the “Detailed Documentation” stage, containing interconnected solutions for the system as a whole, its functions, all types of NPP support, sufficient for the configuration, installation, commissioning and operation of the NPP, its testing and ensuring operability	en AS contractor documentation
5.6 operational documentation for the automated system; operational documentation for the NPP: Part of the working documentation for the NPP, intended for use during operation of the system, defining the rules of action for personnel and users of the system during its operation, testing and ensuring its operability	en maintenance documentation of AS
5.7 technical working design of an automated system; AC technical working draft: A set of NPP design documents, approved in the prescribed manner and containing solutions in the scope of the technical design and working documentation for the NPP

6. Elements of technical, software and information support of an automated system

6.1 communication device with the object; USO: A device designed to input signals from an object into the speaker system and output signals to the object	en data acquisition and control system; DACS
6.2 general automated system software; OPO AC: Part of the AS software, which is a set of software developed independently of the creation of this AS. Note. Typically, OPO AS is a set of general-purpose programs designed to organize the computing process and solve common information processing problems	en AS heaven-duty software
6.3 special automated system software; SPO AS: Part of a software AS, which is a set of programs developed during the creation of this AS	en AS application software
6.4 input information of the automated system; AC input information: Information entering the AS in the form of documents, messages, data, signals, necessary to perform the functions of the AS	en AS input information
6.5 output information of the automated system; AC output information: Information obtained as a result of performing the functions of the AS and issued to the object of its activity, to the user or to other systems	en AS output information
6.6 operational information of the automated system; AC operational information: Information reflecting the current state of the object at which the AS activity is directed	en AS rapid information
6.7 regulatory and reference information of the automated system; AS regulatory and reference information: Information borrowed from regulatory documents and reference books and used in the operation of the NPP	en AS normative reference information

7. Automated process control systems. Basic Concepts

7.1 technological control object; TOU: Control object, including technological equipment and the technological process implemented in it	en technological control object
7.2 local automation system: A system of automation devices that autonomously implements the process control system with the function of controlling a technological control object or its part, or the function of monitoring a technical control device or its part	en local automatic system
7.3 control function of an automated process control system; control function of the process control system: Function of the process control system, including obtaining information about the state of the technological control object, evaluating information, selecting control actions and their implementation	en control function of CPCS
7.4 information function of an automated process control system; information function of the automated process control system: Function of the automated process control system, including the receipt of information, processing and transmission of information to the personnel of the automated process control system or outside the system about the state of the technological control object or the external environment	en information function of CPCS
7.5 auxiliary function of an automated process control system; auxiliary function of the process control system: Function of the automated process control system, including the collection and processing of data on the state of the process control system and either the presentation of this information to the system personnel or the implementation of control actions on the corresponding technical and/or software means of the process control system	en auxiliary function of СPCS
7.6 continuously performed function of an automated process control system; continuous function of the process control system: A control system function of a technological process, which at any time of operation has the result of its execution	en continuous function of CPCS
7.7 discretely performed function of an automated process control system; discrete function of the automated process control system: Function of the automated process control system, performed upon request or time schedule	en discrete function of CPCS
7.8 simple function of an automated process control system; simple APCS function: ACS function by technological process, not decomposing into other system functions	en simple function of CPCS
7.9 integral function of an automated process control system; composite function of the automated process control system: A combination of two or more simple functions of the automated process control system. Notes: 1. Simple functions are combined according to their common purpose, role in the management process, information used and other characteristics. 2. The set of all functions of the process control system can be considered as one composite function	en compound function of CPCS

8. Computer-aided design systems. Basic Concepts

8.1 CAD design assignment: Primary description of the design object in a given form
8.2 design solution in CAD: Description in a given form of a design object or part of it, necessary and sufficient to determine the further direction of design	en design decision
8.3 standard design solution in CAD: Design solution intended to be reused during design	en type design decision
8.4 CAD design result: Design solution (set of design solutions) that meets the specified requirements, necessary to create a design object
8.5 CAD design document: A document made according to a given form, in which one or more design solutions are presented	en project document
8.6 CAD design algorithm: The set of requirements necessary to carry out the design	en design algorithm
8.7 CAD design language: A language used in computer-aided design to represent and transform design descriptions	en design language
8.8 software and methodological complex of computer-aided design system; PMK CAD: An interconnected set of components of software, information and methodological support of a computer-aided design system, including, if necessary, components of mathematical and linguistic support, necessary to obtain a complete design solution for a design object or perform a unified procedure	en CAD software- methodical complex

9. Automated control systems for military purposes

Alphabetical index of terms in Russian

adaptability of the automated system	3.10
speaker adaptability	3.10
CAD design algorithm	8.6
automated system functioning algorithm	1.5
speaker operating algorithm	1.5
AWS	2.22
AC	1.1
automated information system base	2.19
off-machine information system base	2.20
automated information system base	2.21
AS information base	2.19
AS information base, off-machine	2.20
AS information machine base	2.21
interaction of automated systems	4.8
AC interaction	4.8
documentation for the automated system	5.1
documentation for the automated acceptance system	5.2
working documentation for the automated system	5.5
documentation for the automated operational system	5.6
documentation for the speaker	5.1
AC acceptance documentation	5.2
working documentation for the speaker	5.5
AC operational documentation	5.6
design document in CAD	8.5
survivability of the automated system	3.12
survivability of the speaker	3.12
technical assignment for an automated system	5.3
CAD design assignment	8.1
task of the automated system	1.4
AS task	1.4
IAS	1.2
information product in an automated system	2.17
information product AC	2.17
product component in an automated system	2.14
AC component product	2.14
software product in an automated system	2.15
AC software product	2.15
automated system input information	6.4
automated system output information	6.5
automated system information normative and reference	6.7
automated system operational information	6.6
AC input information	6.4
AC output information	6.5
AS regulatory and reference information	6.7
AS operational information	6.6
complex software and methodological computer-aided design systems	8.8
complex software and hardware automated system	2.18
complex of automated system automation tools	2.12
automated system component	2.13
AC component	2.13
KSA AS	2.12
automated work place	2.22
reliability of the automated system	3.11
speaker reliability	3.11
NTU AS	1.6
automated information system support	2.8
linguistic support for the automated system	2.9
mathematical support for the automated system	2.6
automated system support methodological	2.4
organizational support for the automated system	2.3
legal support for the automated system	2.10
automated system software	2.7
general software for the automated system	6.2
special software for automated system	6.3
technical support for the automated system	2.5
ergonomic support of the automated system	2.11
AS information support	2.8
linguistic support for AS	2.9
AS mathematical software	2.6
AS methodological support	2.4
organizational support for AS	2.3
legal support for AS	2.10
AC software	2.7
technical support for speakers	2.5
ergonomic speaker support	2.11
technological control object	7.1
OPO AS	6.2
automated system queue	4.5
AC queue	4.5
automated system operating personnel	2.2
NPP operating personnel	2.2
PMK CAD	8.8
indicator of the effectiveness of an automated system	3.2
AC efficiency indicator	3.2
user of the automated system	2.1
AC user	2.1
noise immunity of an automated system	3.13
noise immunity of speakers	3.13
technical project of automated system	5.4
technical project	5.4
automated system technician project	5.7
AC technical worker project	5.7
procedure unified in an automated system	4.10
procedure unified in the AS	4.10
process of creating an automated system	4.2
process of creating speakers	4.2
PTK AS	2.18
development of an automated system	4.6
AS development	4.6
mode of execution of the automated system function is interactive	4.11
mode of performing automated system functions non-automated	4.12
AC function execution mode is interactive	4.11
mode of performing the AC function, non-automated	4.12
CAD design result	8.4
design solution in CAD	8.2
standard design solution in CAD	8.3
automated system	1.1
automated integrated system	1.2
local automation system	7.2
compatibility of automated systems	3.3
speaker compatibility	3.3
speaker compatibility information	3.6
linguistic compatibility	3.8
AS metrological compatibility	3.9
organizational compatibility of speakers	3.7
speaker software compatibility	3.5
speaker technical compatibility	3.4
compatibility of information automated systems	3.6
compatibility of linguistic automated systems	3.8
compatibility of metrological automated systems	3.9
compatibility of organizational automated systems	3.7
software compatibility of automated systems	3.5
technical compatibility of automated systems	3.4
automated system message	4.9
AC message	4.9
automated system support	4.7
AC support	4.7
SPO AS	6.3
information tool	2.16
stage of creating an automated system	4.3
stage of creation of the AS	4.3
Technical specifications for the speaker	5.3
TOU	7.1
level of scientific and technical automated system	1.6
USO	6.1
stability of an automated control system for military purposes	9.1
stability of ASUVN	9.1
object communication device	6.1
automated system function	1.3
AC function	1.3
auxiliary function of an automated process control system	7.5
auxiliary control system function	7.5
discrete control system function	7.7
function of a discretely executed automated process control system	7.7
information function of an automated process control system	7.4
information control function	7.4
function continuously performed by an automated process control system	7.6
continuous control system function	7.6
function of a simple automated process control system	7.8
simple control system function	7.8
component function of an automated process control system	7.9
function composite control system	7.9
control function of an automated process control system	7.3
control function of automated process control system	7.3
life cycle of an automated system	4.1
AC life cycle	4.1
stage of creating an automated system	4.4
stage of creating an AS	4.4
efficiency of the automated system	3.1
AC efficiency	3.1
CAD design language	8.7

Alphabetical index of terms in English

AS	1.1
AS adaptability	3.10
AS anthropotechnical support	2.11
AS application software	6.3
AS automation means complex	2.12
AS compatibility	3.3
AS component	2.13
AS computer information base	2.21
AS contractor documentation	5.5
AS conversational mode	4.11
AS data level compatibility	3.6
AS design specification	5.3
AS efficiency	3.1
AS efficiency index	3.2
AS evolution	4.6
AS external information base	2.20
AS function	1.3
AS hardware	2.5
AS hardware compatibility	3.4
AS heavy-duty software	6.2
AS information product	2.17
AS information support	2.8
AS input information	6.4
AS interaction	4.8
AS life cycle	4.1
AS linguistic level compatibility	3.8
AS linguistic support	2.9
AS maintenance	4.7
AS maintenance staff	2.2
AS making phase	4.4
AS making stage	4.3
AS manual mode	4.12
AS mathematical support	2.6
AS message	4.9
AS methodical support	2.4
AS metrological compatibility	3.9
AS noise immunity	3.13
AS normative-reference information	6.7
AS operation algorithm	1.5
AS organization level compatibility	3.7
AS organizational support	2.3
AS output information	6.5
AS problem	1.4
AS rapid information	6.6
AS reliability	3.11
AS sequence	4.5
AS software	2.7
AS software compatibility	3.5
AS survivability	3.12
AS technical project	5.4
AS user	2.1
automated system	1.1
automated workplace	2.22
auxiliary function of CPCS	7.5
CAD software-methodical complex	8.8
compound function of CPCS	7.9
continuous function of CPCS	7.6
control function of CPCS	7.3
DACS	6.1
data acquisition and control system	6.1
design decision	8.2
design algorithm	8.6
design language	8.7
discrete function of CPCS	7.7
documentation of AS	5.1
informational background of AS	2.19
information facility	2.16
information function of CPCS	7.4
integrated AS	1.2
local automatic system	7.2
maintenance documentation of AS	5.6
program product in AS	2.15
project document	8.5
simple function of CPCS	7.8
stability of military ACS	9.1
technical level of AS	1.6
technological control object	7.1
type design decision	8.3

Annex 1
Information

General technical terms and explanations used in the field of automated systems

1. System:

A set of elements united by connections between them and possessing a certain integrity.

2. Automated process:

A process carried out with the joint participation of humans and automation.

3. Automatic process:

A process carried out without human intervention.

4. Information technology:

Techniques, methods and methods of using computer technology in performing the functions of collecting, storing, processing, transmitting and using data.

5. Purpose of activity:

The desired result of the activity process.

6. Performance efficiency criterion:

A ratio that characterizes the degree of achievement of the goal of an activity and takes on different numerical values depending on the influences used on the object of activity or the specific results of the activity.

7. Object of activity:

An object (process), the state of which is determined by the incoming influences of a person (team) and, possibly, the external environment.

8. Algorithm:

A finite set of instructions for obtaining a solution to a problem through a finite number of operations.

9. Information model:

A model of an object, presented in the form of information that describes the parameters and variable quantities of the object that are essential for this consideration, the connections between them, the inputs and outputs of the object, and which allows, by feeding the model information about changes in input quantities, to simulate possible states of the object.

10. Control:

A set of purposeful actions, including assessment of the situation and state of the control object, selection of control actions and their implementation.

11. Automated production complex:

An automated complex that consistently carries out automated production preparation, production itself and its management.