Year of birth of F and Tyutchev. Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev - biography, information, personal life

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev born on December 5 (new style) 1803 into an old noble family. He spent his childhood on the family estate - Ovstug, Oryol province, and his youth in Moscow. His tutor and first teacher was the poet and translator S.E. Raich. In Moscow, Tyutchev met future wise men (D. Venevitinov, V. Odoevsky, the Kireevsky brothers, A.N. Muravyov, M. Pogodin, S.P. Shevyrev), poets who were united by their enthusiastic pursuit of German philosophy.

In 1818, Tyutchev entered Moscow University and graduated earlier than expected - on his 18th birthday, in 1821.

During his years of study at the university, Tyutchev published a number of his poems - in the “Proceedings” of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature and in the “Speeches and Reports” of Moscow University. After graduating from university, Tyutchev moved to St. Petersburg, where he entered the service of the College of Foreign Affairs. Soon he received an appointment to the Russian embassy in Bavaria and from 1822 he lived outside Russia - first in Munich, then in the Kingdom of Sardinia, in Turin, then, leaving the diplomatic service for a while, again in Munich. Abroad, Tyutchev translated German poets - Schiller, Heine, a number of excerpts from Goethe's Faust, wrote original poems, some of which, warmly approved by Pushkin, were published in Sovremennik during the life of the great poet in 1836. Tyutchev’s poems were published in the same magazine later, until 1840.

Tyutchev returned to Russia with his family only in 1844. His diplomatic career was not particularly successful. His service did not bring him any rank or money, perhaps because the poet’s views on the fate of Russia and its role in European life did not coincide with the views of the then Minister of Foreign Affairs, Count Karl Nesselrode. In addition, Tyutchev, a brilliantly educated diplomat and an excellent publicist, probably did not have any special ambition that would have forced him to follow his career advancement.

But it is characteristic that, as both Tyutchev’s contemporaries and researchers of his work noted, he also showed rare indifference to the fate of his poetic works. “Virshi”, “empty idleness”, “insignificant poems” - that’s what he called his poems; he called himself a “rhyme maker.” According to A. Fet, Tyutchev “carefully avoided<...>even hints of his poetic activity.” For Tyutchev, as one modern researcher writes, “the act of creativity itself was important,” but he felt “a direct aversion to poetic glory.” This statement is directly confirmed by the fact that Tyutchev’s poems were published for quite a long time, until 1854, under the initials F.T.

For these reasons, Tyutchev, already the author of such poems as “I Love a Thunderstorm in Early May” and “What Are You Howling About, Night Wind,” remained an almost unknown poet in Russia. When a few years later N.A. Nekrasov writes an article about Tyutchev “Russian minor poets”, clarifying that “minor” refers not to the quality of poetry, but to the degree of its fame, then, in essence, he acts as the discoverer of the poet.

Only in 1854 was a collection of Tyutchev’s poems published as a supplement to the Sovremennik magazine, whose editor was N.A. Nekrasov, then - on the initiative and under the editorship of I.S. Turgenev, a separate edition of the poet's poems is published. Tyutchev's work becomes available to a wide range of readers, and his name becomes famous.

The flourishing of Tyutchev’s creativity is associated with these years, the poet is experiencing a high creative upsurge. In the 1850s a number of poems dedicated to E.A. were created. Denisyeva, the so-called “Denisyev cycle” is the pinnacle of Tyutchev’s lyrics.

1860-1870s were overshadowed by heavy losses: in 1864 E.A. died. Denisyev, in 1865 - son and daughter, in the early 70s. - eldest son Dmitry and daughter Maria. After the death of E.A. Denisieva Tyutchev, in his words, “ceased to be among the living.” A life lost forever is one of the leitmotifs of his letters from the late 1860s to the early 70s. and his few lyrical works. During these years, the poet wrote mainly “in case” poems and political poems.

MAIN MOTIVES OF TYUTCHEV’S LYRICS

Researchers unanimously write about Tyutchev’s special place in the poetry of the 19th century. A younger contemporary of Pushkin, who was largely influenced by those moods and ideas that worried the great poet, he creates his own unique poetic world, which revealed to his contemporaries a completely new vision of man and the world. Researchers of F. Tyutchev’s work rightly note the strong impact that the poet’s first collection of 1854 had on the poetry of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries, on the work of N.A. Nekrasov, A. Maykov, A. Tolstoy, A. Fet, Vl. Solovyov, A. Blok, Vyach. Ivanov, A. Akhmatova, and on the development of the central genre for Russian literature - the novel.

Turning to traditional poetic themes - life and death, the meaning of human existence, love, nature, the purpose of a poet, Tyutchev managed to give them a unique sound and establish his understanding of these eternal problems.

Few people knew the poet’s biography and creative motives, or perhaps many simply forgot.

Childhood of Fyodor Ivanovich

Fyodor Tyutchev was born in the village of Ovstug, about 30 kilometers north of Bryansk, in 1803. The village was located on the shore. The boy was brought up in a family where they spoke exclusively French. And not only in Tyutchev’s childhood years one could notice that he mainly uses this language. The vast majority of his letters, articles written in subsequent years, and even some poems are all in French.

At the age of twelve, the boy was already translating Horace into Russian, and wrote his first poem at sixteen. Those who knew him in childhood noted his quick mind, remarkable erudition and even the poetic gift that the young Tyutchev already possessed. Briefly speaking about the education of Fyodor Ivanovich, we can note several main stages of his training. In 1812, Tyutchev was entrusted to the care of the family teacher Semyon Raich. From 1819 to 1822 he studied at Moscow University. And already at the age of nineteen he entered the civil service in the Department of Foreign Affairs of St. Petersburg.

Poet's Career, or Life Abroad

Of course, it is important to know when Tyutchev was born and died, but first of all, it is worth talking about his life, career and creative path. Fyodor Ivanovich never considered himself a professional poet. He often forgot the texts of poems in books. Sometimes they were found after his death. And very often Tyutchev did not care about his works being published. He did not have a career as a poet. That is why Tyutchev’s poetry was not as popular as, for example, Pushkin or Nekrasov.

He left Russia very early, while still young, in 1822, and lived mainly in Germany, then a little in Italy, serving as a diplomat. All this time, Fyodor Ivanovich spoke very little Russian in everyday life. He was not a professional poet, and he even rarely used the Russian language. Fyodor Ivanovich was a diplomat, and if not Tyutchev’s entire life, then a very significant segment of it was connected with his diplomatic career.

Famous political journalist

But Fyodor Tyutchev's career achievements as a diplomat were not too impressive. In 1841, he was even dismissed and expelled from the Foreign Office. His significant achievements lay elsewhere. Fyodor Ivanovich was a man capable of communicating with intellectual centers throughout Europe, who was accepted on equal terms in England, Germany, and France by the main political thinkers of that time.

Tyutchev was one of the most influential political publicists. Later, in the memoirs of people who worked at that time in the military and foreign affairs departments of all the listed countries, there were references to his articles that were published in the European press. They said that it was in them that they felt a sense of world history and saw the outlines of future wars in Europe.

Not a career diplomat, but one of the main European historical and political thinkers. This is who the inconspicuous Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was. And you need to know about this too. Since this is also part of the poet’s biography. And not just information about when Tyutchev was born and died.

Poet and diplomat

Tyutchev's career as a poet was very intermittent. Even before leaving abroad, he began to publish in magazines and almanacs. But most often Fyodor Ivanovich signed with his initials. Tyutchev was born in 1803, and already in 1822 his writing career ended, and he disappeared from the sight of the Russian reader for a long time. However, in 1836 an event occurred that largely predetermined the fate of Russian poetry. At this time, Alexander Pushkin founded his magazine Sovremennik.

The publication in this magazine is amazing. Here Fyodor Ivanovich immediately appears as a brilliant and outstanding poet. But very few people then realized that this was the poetry of Tyutchev, a diplomat who lives abroad. Fyodor Tyutchev's real career as a poet began in 1850.

Return to Russia

Despite the fact that for many years Tyutchev’s life was associated with foreign countries, he finally returned to Russia several years before 1850. Serves and holds a number of high positions. Fyodor Ivanovich was an official on special assignments under the sovereign, and worked in the department of foreign censorship.

And so, at this time, in the same magazine “Sovremennik”, where Nekrasov had already become the director and very famous personalities of that time were published, an article appeared that described the work of some poets. Including Fyodor Ivanovich, and his initials are also deciphered.

Finally, after this publication, a new poet, Fyodor Tyutchev, entered the consciousness of the Russian reader. And already in 1854 a collection of his poems was published. But his unprofessional attitude towards poetry continues to persist.

Several cycles that make up the poet’s work

Returning to the poems of Fyodor Tyutchev, it should be noted that the entire small volume of this poet’s works can be divided into three equal parts. These are the ones that are not often mentioned and are not always read out loud. Then there are the philosophical ones, which are the most famous and very easy to define. In them, basically, a person always remains alone with nature.

And the third cycle was called “Denisevsky”, after the name of Fyodor Ivanovich’s common-law wife, the mother of his three children, Elena Aleksandrovna Denisyeva. These works had a huge influence on Russian poetry. They were a kind of lyrical diary. They very often talked about a specific person. These poems became the poet’s love story for Elena Alexandrovna.

Family history of Tyutchev, or Tragic events in the fate of the poet

The passionate affair with Denisyeva lasted for fourteen years. It ended with a terrible shock for the poet. The wife dies of tuberculosis in 1864. The following years are often overshadowed by tragic events. Almost immediately after the death of Elena Alexandrovna, their common son and daughter passed away. A year later, Tyutchev’s mother died, in 1870 Dmitry, the eldest son, died.

Perhaps, against the background of these events, which covered the poet like a wave, Fyodor Ivanovich’s health deteriorated sharply. And, probably, here we can answer the question of many readers about when Tyutchev was born and died. Having been born in 1803 and having lived a fairly bright and eventful life, the poet died in 1873 from apoplexy.

Fyodor Ivanovich thinks in poetry

The most amazing property of Fyodor Ivanovich’s poetry is that it is characterized by a complete identification of nature with man. The poet Tyutchev endows her with soul, feelings and even speech. She is completely human-like. Paying attention to many fragments of Fyodor Ivanovich’s lyrics, we can conclude that the poet very often uses grammatical forms of words or stress that are not very familiar to the ear of a simple reader. The whole point is that Tyutchev is archaic not only for modern times, but also from the point of view of the nineteenth century.

The life of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was not short if we compare him with poets who died early, such as Pushkin or Lermontov. But, nevertheless, all the lyrical works he wrote, as a rule, are placed in one volume. But even this has a deep meaning. Tyutchev thinks in verse, so the same image or concept passes through different works.

And the solution to Fyodor Tyutchev’s lyrics is that the reader cannot understand the meaning of a particular word based on only one verse. You need to read several where this word appears, and only then will you be able to see how the energy of meaning grows and comes to some kind of completion. Tyutchev not only describes nature, he seems to be developing a language or thinking itself in Russian.

The “thinking” poetry of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev transformed the entire Russian culture. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev once said that one cannot argue about the work of Fyodor Tyutchev. Because anyone who is not able to feel the works of this author does not feel poetry at all.

On November 23, 1803, in the Oryol province of Bryansk district, a boy was born on the Ovstug estate. They named him Fedor. Fyodor's parents, Ivan Nikolaevich and Ekaterina Lvovna, came from ancient noble families.

Ekaterina Lvovna was closely related to the family of Leo Tolstoy. Ekaterina Lvovna was a very beautiful, subtle, poetic woman. It is believed that she passed on all these traits to her youngest son Fyodor. In total, 6 children were born in the Tyutchev family. The last 3 children died in infancy.

Fyodor Tyutchev received his primary education at home. His first mentor was Raich Semyon Yegorovich, a young, very educated man. He wrote poetry and did translations. While studying with Fedor, the mentor encouraged him to write poetry. When doing homework, he often organized competitions to see who could compose a quatrain the fastest. Already at the age of 13, Fedor was an excellent translator and became seriously interested in writing poetry. Thanks to
mentor, as well as his talent and perseverance, Fyodor Tyutchev spoke and wrote fluently in several foreign languages. But what’s interesting is that Tyutchev wrote all his poems only in Russian.

Tyutchev graduated from Moscow University, Faculty of Literature, with honors in 1821.

Knowledge of many foreign languages ​​and excellent studies at the university help him enter the College of Foreign Affairs as a diplomat. Tyutchev will have to live abroad for almost a quarter of a century. He rarely came to Russia and suffered greatly from this. While working as a diplomat in Munich, Tyutchev would meet his greatest love, Eleanor Peterson. They will have three daughters. Happiness with Eleanor was short-lived. She is dying. His relationship with Elena Deniseva ends in tragedy. About this period of his life he will write: “The executing god took everything from me...”.

Tyutchev's creativity

The creative heritage of Fyodor Tyutchev numbers just over 400 poems. A notebook with Tyutchev’s poems accidentally ends up in the hands of A. Pushkin. Pushkin is delighted and publishes poems in the Sovremennik magazine. Tyutchev becomes famous as a poet. All of Tyutchev’s creativity can be divided into 3 stages:

1. Moral - philosophical lyrics. In the poems of this period, Tyutchev skillfully combines soul, mind, and the infinity of human existence.
2. Love lyrics. Tyutchev was a very amorous person; he dedicated poems to all his lovers. Tyutchev's love lyrics reflect his mood. His sublime, sad, and tragic poems date back to this period. The poems are very melodic and touch the soul.
3. Poems about native nature. Tyutchev wrote poems about nature from his youth. He believed that there was nothing more beautiful than Russian nature. Most of all, while abroad, he suffered from the inability to immerse himself in Russian nature. With rapture and happiness he wrote about fields, copses, and seasons. His poems about nature were included in the school curriculum for children.

At the end of his life, Tyutchev began to write poems on political topics, but they did not find a response from readers and, for the most part, remained unclaimed poems among the general public.

Tyutchev and modernity

Poems from any stage of the poet’s work find a lively response from readers. His famous lines: “Russia cannot be understood with the mind...”, “It is not given to us to predict...”, “Everything has been taken from me by the executing god...” is known to almost every literate person. His poetic work in popularity can be compared with the work of Pushkin. Tyutchev’s subtle, lyrical, soul-stirring style transcends times and boundaries. His poems have been translated into many languages ​​of the world.

In the summer of 1873, Fyodor Tyutchev died in Tsarskoe Selo. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. Every year, on the poet’s birthday and death anniversary, fans of his talent come to pay tribute to his work.

A very short biography of Tyutchev for children 4th grade

Tyutchev had his favorite teacher-mentor Yegor Ranch, who helped him in everything and raised more parents. Already at the age of twelve, with the help of his teacher, Fyodor Ivanovich wrote his first poems. At the age of fifteen, not needing a teacher, he began to study at the institute in the literature department. After graduating from college, he went to work abroad for almost 20 years. Where he worked as a diplomat in Italy and Germany.

All this time he was not engaged in literary activity. Upon returning home, he began working in the Foreign Affairs Committee. Pushkin saw his first poems in 1836 and helped them publish them in many magazines. After which he went out into the world. The first assembly of Fedor appeared in 1854. Tyutchev has many famous poems such as: “Russia cannot be understood with the mind”, “winter does not last long”, “evening”, “flowing sand up to the knees”.

Tyutchev did not become a writer and worked in a different field; children still learn his poems at school.

Fyodor Tyutchev died in July 1879 in the village of Tsarskoye. He never began a career in literature.

Biography and episodes of life Fedora Tyutchev. When born and died Fyodor Tyutchev, memorable places and dates of important events of his life. Poet quotes, Photo and video.

Years of life of Fyodor Tyutchev:

born November 23, 1803, died July 15, 1873

Epitaph

“And he shone like a son of nature,
Playing with your eyes and mind,
It shone like waters sparkle in summer,
How the moon shines over the hill!”
From a poem by Nikolai Rubtsov dedicated to Tyutchev

Biography

He made a brilliant public career, which did not prevent him from becoming one of the greatest Russian poets of the 19th century and a master of lyrical landscape. The biography of Fyodor Tyutchev is the biography of a man who served his country faithfully and truly, and he also sincerely and talentedly served his other calling - poetry.

Tyutchev's father was a lieutenant of the guard, his mother came from an old noble family of Tolstoy. Little Fedor was given a good education at home - by the age of 13 he spoke Latin and Ancient Greek. The boy was destined for a good future - study at Moscow University, and then public service. The young and capable young man quickly moved up the career ladder - soon after graduation he was sent to Munich as part of the Russian diplomatic mission. In parallel with his service, Tyutchev was engaged in literary creativity. He began writing poetry as a child, and by the age of 20 his works began to be distinguished by their originality - Tyutchev managed to combine the traditions of Russian ode and European romanticism. During his service abroad, Tyutchev received the rank of chamberlain, then state councilor, and finally was appointed senior secretary of the embassy in Turin. A break from work had to be taken due to Tyutchev’s personal tragedy - his wife died, whose health was severely damaged by a shipwreck in which she and her children got into while heading to her husband. The loss of his wife, his faithful friend and mother of his children, was a shock for the poet. He lived abroad for some time, after which he returned to Russia, where he resumed his service in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. A few years before his death, Tyutchev was promoted to Privy Councilor, which was considered a very high government post - he received this position thanks to his diplomacy and wisdom.

In the last years of his life, Tyutchev wrote a lot, creating a large number of poems on political and love themes. Six months before his death, Tyutchev was partially paralyzed, which led to severe headaches. Soon he was struck by a strong blow that paralyzed the entire left half of his body. A few months later, Tyutchev died; the cause of Tyutchev’s death was the consequences of a stroke he suffered. Tyutchev's funeral took place on July 18, 1873; Tyutchev's grave is located in the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent.

Tyutchev's favorite women - Eleanor Botmer, Ernestina Pfeffel and Elena Denisyeva (from left to right)

Life line

November 23, 1803 Date of birth of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev.
1817 Visit to the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University as a free listener.
1818 Admission to Moscow University.
1819 Member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.
1821 Graduation from university, service in the College of Foreign Affairs.
1826 Marriage to Eleanor Peterson.
April 21, 1829 Birth of daughter Anna.
1834 Birth of daughter Daria.
1835 Birth of daughter Catherine.
1837 Work as a senior secretary at the embassy in Turin.
1838 Death of Tyutchev's wife.
1839 Leaving government service, moving abroad, marrying Ernestine Pfeffel.
1840 Birth of daughter Maria.
1841 Birth of son Dmitry.
1844 Return to Russia.
1845 Return to service at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
1846 Birth of son Ivan.
1848 Obtaining the position of senior censor.
1851 The birth of a daughter, Elena, from a relationship with Elena Denisyeva, Tyutchev’s mistress.
1854 Release of Tyutchev's first book.
1858 Taking office as Chairman of the Foreign Censorship Committee.
1860 The birth of a son, Fedor, from a relationship with Deniseva.
1864 The birth of a son, Nikolai, from a relationship with Denisyeva, the death of Elena Denisyeva.
1865 Death of daughter Elena and son Nikolai.
1870 Death of son Dmitry.
July 15, 1873 Date of death of Tyutchev.
July 18, 1873 Tyutchev's funeral.

Memorable places

1. The Ovstug estate, where Tyutchev was born and where today the Tyutchev Museum-Reserve is located.
2. Muranovo Estate, Tyutchev’s family estate, where today the Tyutchev Museum is located.
3. Moscow State University named after. M. Lomonosov, who graduated from Tyutchev.
4. Tyutchev’s house, where he lived in 1805-1810. in Moscow (estate of Count F.A. Osterman).
5. Tyutchev’s house in Moscow, where he lived in 1810-1821.
6. Tyutchev’s house in Munich, where he lived in 1822-1828.
7. Tyutchev’s house in Munich, where he lived in 1842-1844.
8. Monument to Tyutchev in Bryansk.
9. Monument to Tyutchev in Munich in the “Garden of Poets”.
10. Novodevichy cemetery, where Tyutchev is buried.

Episodes of life

According to eyewitnesses, sitting at the coffin of his deceased first wife, Tyutchev turned gray overnight. But, evil tongues said, he turned gray not from grief, but from the fact that he repented of his love affair with his wife. A year after the death of his first wife, Tyutchev married his mistress, with whom he had a relationship during the last years of his first marriage. But this connection was not the last for the poet. So, his affair with Elena Deniseva lasted several years, until her death. Denisyeva gave birth to three children for the poet, two of whom died several years before Tyutchev’s death, which also became a serious tragedy for him.

And yet Tyutchev could hardly be called a cruel traitor - he loved both his wife and his mistress equally, and could not imagine life without each of them. Tyutchev once wrote to his wife, whom he considered a saint, already during his relationship with Deniseva: “How much dignity and seriousness there is in your love - and how petty and how pathetic I feel compared to you!.. The further, the more I am falling in my own opinion, and when everyone sees me as I see myself, my work will be over.”

Tyutchev outlived his mistress by nine years, and his second wife outlived her husband by more than twenty years. It is Ernestine Pfeffel that society today should be indebted to for having Tyutchev’s legacy. Tyutchev never took himself seriously as a writer; poetry was for him a way of sublimating his personal experiences, and journalistic articles were the result of his thoughts about the fate of Russia. After Tyutchev’s death, his wife collected and rewrote all her husband’s poems and articles, even those dedicated to Deniseva, thereby preserving them.

Covenant

“A spoken thought is a lie.”

Documentary film from the series “Geniuses and Villains” in memory of Tyutchev

Condolences

“Tyutchev was a representative of true and refined culture: a type, rare in its value at that time, and non-existent in our days. In him, in his culture, there lived a deep heredity - next to the Slavic - Latin, Germanic heredity. Tyutchev, of course, is the most cultured of all our poets. Even in Pushkin I feel this less than in Tyutchev.”
Prince Sergei Volkonsky, theater figure, director, critic

“We have one less smart, characterful, original person. The loss is painful in our fatal desolation! Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev died at the age of 70, in Tsarskoye Selo, on July 15th, after several blows that befell him during recent times. Who did not know in St. Petersburg and Moscow, in the highest and educated circles, Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev?
Mikhail Pogodin, historian, collector

“Dear, smart as day Fyodor Ivanovich, forgive me - goodbye!”
Ivan Turgenev, Russian writer

Russian poet, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1857). Tyutchev's spiritually intense philosophical poetry conveys a tragic sense of the cosmic contradictions of existence. symbolic parallelism in poems about the life of nature, cosmic motifs. Love lyrics (including poems from the “Denisevsky cycle”). In his journalistic articles he gravitated towards Pan-Slavism.

Biography

Born on November 23 (December 5, n.s.) in the Ovstug estate, Oryol province, into an old noble family of the middle estate. My childhood years were spent in Ovstug, my youth were connected with Moscow.

Home education was supervised by the young poet-translator S. Raich, who introduced the student to the works of poets and encouraged his first poetic experiments. At the age of 12, Tyutchev was already successfully translating Horace.

In 1819 he entered the literature department of Moscow University and immediately took an active part in its literary life. After graduating from the university in 1821 with a candidate's degree in literary sciences, at the beginning of 1822 Tyutchev entered the service of the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs. A few months later he was appointed an official at the Russian diplomatic mission in Munich. From that time on, his connection with Russian literary life was interrupted for a long time.

Tyutchev spent twenty-two years abroad, twenty of them in Munich. Here he got married, here he met the philosopher Schelling and became friends with G. Heine, becoming the first translator of his poems into Russian.

In 1829 1830, Tyutchev's poems were published in Raich's magazine "Galatea", which testified to the maturity of his poetic talent ("Summer Evening", "Vision", "Insomnia", "Dreams"), but did not bring fame to the author.

Tyutchev's poetry first received real recognition in 1836, when his 16 poems appeared in Pushkin's Sovremennik.

In 1837 Tyutchev was appointed first secretary of the Russian mission in Turin, where he experienced his first bereavement: his wife died. In 1839 he entered into a new marriage. Tyutchev's official misconduct (unauthorized departure to Switzerland to marry E. Dernberg) put an end to his diplomatic service. He resigned and settled in Munich, where he spent another five years without any official position. He persistently looked for ways to return to service.

In 1844 he moved with his family to Russia, and six months later he was again hired to serve in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

In 1843 1850 he published political articles “Russia and Germany”, “Russia and the Revolution”, “The Papacy and the Roman Question”, concluding that a clash between Russia and the West was inevitable and the final triumph of the “Russia of the future”, which seemed to him “all-Slavic” empire.

In 1848 1849, captured by the events of political life, he created such beautiful poems as “Reluctantly and timidly...”, “When in the circle of murderous worries...”, “To a Russian woman”, etc., but did not seek to publish them .

The beginning of Tyutchev’s poetic fame and the impetus for his active work was Nekrasov’s article “Russian minor poets” in the Sovremennik magazine, which spoke about the talent of this poet, not noticed by critics, and the publication of 24 poems by Tyutchev. The poet received real recognition.

The first collection of poems was published in 1854, and in the same year a series of poems about love dedicated to Elena Denisyeva was published. The “lawless” relationship of the middle-aged poet in the eyes of the world with his daughter, who was the same age as him, lasted for fourteen years and was very dramatic (Tyutchev was married).

In 1858 he was appointed chairman of the Committee of Foreign Censorship, more than once acting as an advocate for persecuted publications.

Since 1864, Tyutchev suffered one loss after another: Denisyev died of consumption, a year later his two children, his mother.

Tyutchev's work of 1860-1870 was dominated by political and short poems. “for cases” (“When decrepit forces...”, 1866, “Slavs”, 1867, etc.).

The last years of his life were also overshadowed by heavy losses: his eldest son, brother, and daughter Maria died. The poet's life is fading. On July 15 (27 n.s.) 1873 in Tsarskoe Selo Tyutchev died.