Fipi story. Statistics for passing the Unified State Exam in history

Unified State Examination in History 2018. Option 101. Part 1

The answers to tasks 1–19 are a sequence of numbers or a word (phrase). First, indicate the answers in the text of the work, and then transfer them to ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of the number of the corresponding task, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters. Write each number or letter in a separate box in accordance with the samples given in the form. The names of Russian sovereigns should be written only in letters
(for example: Nicholas II).

№1 Place historical events in chronological order. Write down the numbers that indicate historical events in the correct sequence in the table.

1) Battle of Chesma
2) creation of the Charter of Vladimir Monomakh
3) the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Answer: 213

Explanations: Creation of the Charter of Vladimir Monomakh 1113. The assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, occurred on June 28, 1914. The Russian-Turkish War, during which the Battle of Chesma took place in 1770.

№2 Establish a correspondence between events and years: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

EVENTS
A) death of False Dmitry I
B) the beginning of the monetary reform G.Ya. Sokolnikova
C) the beginning of the monetary reform E.F. Kankrina
D) baptism of Rus'

1) 988
2) 1036
3) 1606
4) 1839
5) 1922
6) 1961

Answer: 3541

Explanations:The death of False Dmitry dates back to the Time of Troubles of 1606.The beginning of the monetary reform G.Ya. Sokolnikova 1922 The beginning of the monetary reform E.F. Kankrin 1839 Baptism of Rus' 988

№3 Below is a list of terms (names). All of them, with the exception of two, relate to events (phenomena) in the history of Russia in the period 1985–1991.

1) referendum; 2) “Novoogaryov process”; 3) National projects;
4) default; 5) publicity; 6) elections on an alternative basis.

Find and write down the serial numbers of terms (names) relating to another historical period.

Answer: 34

Explanations: Default in Russia 1998. National projects appeared in Russia at the beginning of the 21st century.

№4 Write down the historical term in question. In the Russian state in the 16th – early 18th centuries. service people who made up the standing army; infantry armed with firearms

Answer: Sagittarius

Explanations: The formation of the Streltsy army began in 1540 under Ivan the Terrible. Sagittarius in the 16th century - early 18th century.

№5 Establish a correspondence between processes (phenomena, events) and facts related to these processes (phenomena, events): for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

PROCESSES (PHENOMENA, EVENTS)
A) Smolensk War
B) Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878.
B) Batya’s invasion of Rus'
D) Battle of Kursk

1) the battle of Prokhorovka
2) battles for the Seelow Heights
3) conclusion of the Polyanovsky peace
4) siege of Plevna
5) Battle of the City River
6) conclusion of the Brest-Litovsk peace

Answer: 3451

Explanations: In 1632-1634. Russian-Polish or Smolensk War - conclusion of the Polyanovsky Peace in 1634. Russian-Turkish War 1877-1878 - siege of Plevna. Batu's invasion of Rus' - Battle of the City River 1238. Battle of Kursk - Battle of Prokhorovka.

№6 Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers.

FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES

A) “Keeping inviolable the fundamental law of the Russian Empire on the essence of autocratic power, we recognized it as a good thing to establish the State Duma and approved the regulations on elections to the Duma, extending the force of these laws to the entire space of the Empire, with only those changes that will be considered necessary for some, located in special conditions, its outskirts. We will specifically indicate the procedure for the participation in the State Duma of elected representatives from the Grand Duchy of Finland on issues common to the Empire and this region. At the same time, we ordered the Minister of Internal Affairs to immediately submit to us for approval the rules on putting into effect the regulations on elections to the State Duma, in such a way that members from 50 provinces and the region of the Don army could appear in the Duma no later than half of January ... "

B) “Indigenous state laws determine the composition of the Council, the essence and main forms of its action.
I. In the order of state institutions, the Council is an institution in which all actions of the legislative, judicial and executive order are connected and through it ascend to the sovereign power and flow from it.
II. Therefore, all laws, charters and institutions in their first drafts... are considered in the State Council...
IV. The Council is composed of individuals who have been called to this class by the highest power of attorney.”

CHARACTERISTICS

1) This document was published during the reign of Nicholas II.
2) The authority mentioned in this passage existed in the Russian
empire more than 100 years old.
3) This document was published during the reign of Alexander II.
4) A contemporary of the publication of this document was P.N. Miliukov.
5) This document was published during the reign of Alexander I.
6) The passage mentions a territory that became part of Russia in the 1720s.

Answer: Fragment A: 1 4 Fragment B: 2 5

Explanations: Text A Finland was annexed to the Russian Empire in 1809, as a result of the Russian-Swedish war. The State Duma appears at the beginning of the 20th century under Nicholas II. A contemporary of the publication of this document was P.N. Miliukov. Text B Establishment of the State Council. The authority mentioned in this passage existed in the Russian
empire more than 100 years old. This document was published during the reign of Alexander I.

№7 Which of the following refers to the characteristic features of the socio-economic development of Russia in the first half of the 19th century? Choose three answers and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

1) mass exodus of peasants from the community to otrub and farms
2) introduction of the first paper banknotes into circulation
3) the emergence of a category of obligated peasants
4) start of railway construction
5) the emergence of the first monopolistic associations in industry
6) widespread otkhodnichestvo

Answer: 346

Explanations: The emergence of the category of obligated peasants after the signing of the decree on obligated peasants in 1842. The widespread occurrence of otkhodnichestvo dates back to the first half of the 19th century. The mass exodus of peasants from the community to farms and farms—Stolypin’s agrarian reform.

№8 Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a blank, select the number of the required element.

A) In August 1943, the partisan operation ________ began.
B) The creator of the “flying tank” - the most popular aircraft of the USSR in the years
The Great Patriotic War was ________.
B) Kyiv was liberated from the Nazis in ________ 1943.
Missing elements:
1) "Rail War"
2) S.V. Ilyushin
3) "Uranus"
4) November
5) M.I. Koshkin
6) February
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: 124

Explanations: M.I. Koshkin Soviet design engineer, creator and first chief designer of the T-34 tank.

№9 Establish a correspondence between events (phenomena, processes) and their participants: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

EVENTS (PHENOMENA, PROCESSES)
A) internecine war in the Moscow principality in the second quarter of the 15th century.
B) Northern War
B) restriction of localism
D) strengthening of ideological control after the Great Patriotic War

PARTICIPANTS

1) A.D. Menshikov
2) Vasily Kosoy
3) Ivan IV
4) A.A. Zhdanov
5) Marina Mnishek
6) L.D. Trotsky

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: 2134

№10 Read an excerpt from the memoirs of a Soviet military leader and write the name of the country with which you are talking about the results of the conflict.
“In March 1940, a meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks took place, which was of great importance for the development of our armed forces. The meeting discussed the results of the war...
What was the essence of the demands presented to our armed forces by the party and government?
Taking into account the results ... of the conflict, and most importantly, the nature of the hostilities of the World War that had begun, the troops were given - sharply and in full - the task of teaching today what will be needed in the war tomorrow. The reorganization of all types of armed forces and branches began
troops, serious measures were taken to strengthen unity of command, order
and discipline in the troops."

Answer: Finland

Explanations: In March 1940, a meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks was held, which was of great importance for the further development of our armed forces. The results of the war with Finland were discussed at the meeting.

№11 Fill in the blank cells of the table using the list of missing elements below: for each blank, indicated by a letter, select the number of the required element.

Missing elements:
1) XVII century
2) publication of the “Cast Iron Charter”
3) proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine in the USA
4) defeat of the Invincible Armada by England
5) XVIII century.
6) annexation of Novgorod to the Moscow state
7) adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen in France
8) "Bloody Sunday"
9) XVI century
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: 657123

Explanations: P reunification of Novgorod to the Moscow state on January 15, 1478. Adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in France in 1789. Edition of the “Cast Iron Charter” of 1826. Proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine in the United States on December 2, 1823.

№12 Read an excerpt from the manifesto.

“To the Chief of Staff.

During the days of the great struggle with an external enemy, who had been striving to enslave our Motherland for almost three years, the Lord God was pleased to send Russia a new ordeal. The outbreak of internal popular unrest threatens to have a disastrous effect on the further conduct of the stubborn war. The fate of Russia, the honor of our heroic army, the good of the people, the entire future of our dear Fatherland demand that the war be brought to a victorious end at all costs. The cruel enemy is straining his last strength, and the hour is already approaching when our valiant army, together with our glorious allies, will be able to finally break the enemy. In these decisive days in the life of Russia, we considered it a duty of conscience to facilitate close unity and rallying of all the people’s forces for our people to achieve victory as quickly as possible and, in agreement with the State Duma, we recognized it as good to abdicate the throne of the Russian state and relinquish supreme power. Not wanting to part with our beloved son, we pass on our inheritance to our brother, Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich, and bless him for his accession to the throne of the Russian state. We command our brother to rule over state affairs in complete and inviolable unity with the representatives of the people in legislative institutions, on those principles that will be established by them, having taken an inviolable oath to this..."

Using the passage and your knowledge of history, choose three true statements from the list given.

Write it down in the table numbers, under which they are indicated.

1) Among the allies mentioned in the passage was England.
2) The name of the son mentioned in the passage is Alexey.
3) The author of the manifesto writes that he does not believe in Russia’s victory in the war.
4) The author of the manifesto notes that his decision was supported by the State Duma.
5) Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich, mentioned in the passage, was the Russian emperor for more than a year.
6) This manifesto was written during the Russian Civil War

Answer: 124

Explanations: In similar tasks, you need to find keywords that allow you to determine the historical period.

Look at the diagram and complete tasks 13–16.

№13 Fill in the blank in the sentence: “The city indicated on the diagram
number “2”, became part of the Russian state in the ____________ century.”
Write the answer in words.

Answer: seventeenth

Explanations: The city indicated on the diagram by the number “2” is Kyiv.

№14 Indicate the name of the fortified city, indicated on the diagram by the number “1”.
Answer: ___________________________.

Answer: Azov

Explanations: The assignment requires analysis of a historical map.

№15 Fill in the blank in the sentence: “By decree of Empress Catherine II, the river, indicated on the diagram by the number “5”, was renamed _______________.”
Answer: ___________________________.

Answer: Ural

Explanations: After the suppression of the uprising led by Emelyan Pugachev. For complete oblivion, the Yaik River was renamed the Ural - after the mountains in which it originates.

№16 What judgments related to the historical situation indicated on
diagram are correct? Choose three judgments from the six proposed.
Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
1) The flax production area for sale is indicated on the horizontal diagram
hatching.
2) The main economic specialization of the area indicated in the diagram
points was the production of bread for sale.
3) The city, indicated on the diagram by the number “6,” was the center of iron production.
4) One of the reasons for the uprising of the monks of the monastery indicated in the diagram
The number “4” indicated dissatisfaction with the church reform of Patriarch Nikon.
5) The diagram shows and signs the city where at the end of the 17th century. on the initiative
Peter I, construction began on the first regular railway in the history of Russia.
navy.
6) The number “3” on the diagram indicates the Irbit Fair.

Answer: 345

Explanations: The city, indicated on the diagram by the number “6” Tula, was the center of iron production. The number “4” indicates the Solovetsky Monastery, whose monks were dissatisfied with the church reform of Patriarch Nikon.

№17 Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

CULTURAL MONUMENTS

A) Tithe Church in Kyiv
B) the “Warrior-Liberator” monument in Berlin’s Treptower Park
C) Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin
D) monument “Millennium of Russia”

CHARACTERISTICS
1) Author – E.V. Vuchetich.
2) Author – Aleviz Novy.
3) The beginning of construction dates back to the reign of Vladimir Monomakh in Kyiv.
4) Author – M.O. Mikeshin.
5) This cultural monument was destroyed in the 13th century.
6) Author – V.I. Mukhina.
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A-5, B-1, C-2, D-4

Explanations: Aleiz A new Italian architect who worked in Russia at the beginning of the 16th century. The author of such famous churches as the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin, the Cathedral of Metropolitan Peter in the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. The monument “Millennium of Russia”, erected in Veliky Novgorod in 1862 in honor of the thousandth anniversary of the legendary calling of the Varangians to Rus'. The authors of the monument project are sculptors Mikhail Mikeshin, Ivan Schroeder and architect Victor Hartman.

Look at the image and complete tasks 18, 19.

№18 Which judgments about this image are correct? Choose two
judgments out of five proposed. Write down in the table the numbers under which
they are indicated.
1) This envelope was issued during the period of leadership of the country by M.S. Gorbachev.
2) The cathedral depicted on the envelope is the tomb of the dynasty
Moscow princes and tsars.
3) The participant in the event to which the image on the envelope is dedicated was Boris Godunov.
4) During the construction of the cathedral depicted on the envelope, features of Vladimir architecture were borrowed.
5) The cathedral depicted on the envelope was built in the 16th century.

Answer: 34

Explanations: During the construction of the Assumption Cathedral, depicted on the envelope, features of Vladimir architecture were borrowed. You can complete the task using the method of exceptions.

№19 Which of the buildings shown are in the same city as the cathedral shown on the envelope? In your answer, write down the two numbers that indicate these buildings.

Do not forget to transfer all answers to answer form No. 1 in accordance with the instructions for completing the work.

Answer: 13

Explanations: The building must be located in the same city (Moscow) where the Assumption Cathedral is located. The first image shows the Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye. On the second is St. Isaac's Cathedral, located in St. Petersburg. On the third is St. Basil's Cathedral. In the 4th image is the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl, located near the city of Vladimir.

Part 2

To record answers to tasks in this part (20–25), use the FORMANSWERS No. 2. First write down the number of the task (20, 21, etc.), and thena detailed answer to it. Write down your answers clearly and legibly.

Read an excerpt from a historical source and answer brieflyquestions 20–22. Answers involve using information fromsource, as well as the application of historical knowledge in the history coursethe corresponding period.

From the monarch's message

“Our plenipotentiary ambassadors... arrived to you with our credentials, in which we asked you to trust their words spoken on our behalf. You write that they announced to you that they came with all the necessary powers to conclude Christian peace; but when you allowed them to negotiate with the lords of your council, they demanded that we retain four castles in the Livonian land: Neuhausen, Neishlos, Neimul and Rugodiva, and also added to this the cities that last year, with the help of God, passed into your hands ; for this, according to you, they should have been sent back without finishing the negotiations. And then they asked that you allow them to send to us for authority about all the conditions of peace and friendship announced by you, and you allowed them to do this... Those same merchants of yours who were detained in our land without any guilt, you ask to voluntarily release them with everything property and thereby give you proof of our inclination and readiness for friendship.

Your gentlemen, as our ambassadors report... told them on your behalf that you will make peace with us only if we cede to you the entire Livonian land to the last inch, that Velizh, Usvyat and Ozerishte are all already with you... and that we must destroy the city of Sebezh and also pay you four hundred thousand gold chervonets for your loss, which you equipped when going to fight our lands. We have never encountered such self-confidence and are perplexed: after all, now you are going to make peace, and your Rada is making such immense demands - what will they demand by interrupting peace negotiations?

№20 Name the monarch - the author of this message. Name the monarch - the addressee of this message. Indicate, to the nearest half century, the time when this message was written.

Answer: Ivan IV the Terrible, Stefan Batory, 1558-1583.

Explanations: Key words: Livonian land (talking about the Livonian War), lords (in this text - an appeal to the Poles), Velizh (ceded in the Livonian War).

№21 Using the passage, indicate the conditions for concluding peace put forward by the addressee of this message. (Give at least three provisions.)

Answer:

1. “we will cede to you all the Livonian land to the last inch, that is Velizh, Usvyat and Ozerishte”

2. “we must destroy the city of Sebezh”

3. “to pay you four hundred thousand gold chervonets”

Explanations: Answers in the second paragraph of the text.

№22 Indicate any three results of the war, the events of which are mentioned in this passage.

Answer: 1. The Yam-Zapolsky truce between the Russian kingdom and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1582 put an end to a long and unnecessary war. Russia abandoned Livonia.

2.The coast of the Gulf of Finland was lost. It was captured by Sweden, with which the Treaty of Plus was signed in 1583.

3. The ruin of Russia, the devastation of the treasury, a significant decrease in population in the districts of the central and northwestern parts of the country.

Explanations: In this task, it is important to indicate in your answer the treaties concluded after the Livonian War.

№23 During the Civil War, the Bolsheviks were opposed by significant forces of White Guards and interventionists. However, the Bolsheviks defeated them. Give at least three reasons for this victory. White Bugs
there is no need to indicate movements.

Answer:

The red movement was united: a single command, which was under the control of the center (it occupied two capitals and the central industrial district).
Most of the population went over to the side of the Bolsheviks; they were the only ones who offered to solve peasant and worker issues. The Bolsheviks proposed nationalizing the land, transferring it from the hands of landowners to the hands of peasant farms and transferring factories to workers.
The Bolsheviks had a powerful ideological basis and represented slogans that united people.
The Bolsheviks interpreted the connection between the white movement and the interventionists as cooperation with foreigners and the sale of the homeland.

Explanations: In this task, indicate the strengths of the Bolsheviks.

№24 Various, often contradictory, points of view are expressed on historical issues. Below is one of the conflicting points of view.

“The Decembrist uprising in 1825 was doomed in advance to failure and defeat.”

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can confirm this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it. Be sure to use historical facts when presenting your arguments.

Write your answer in the following form.
Arguments in support:
1) …
2) …

Arguments to refute:
1) …
2) …

Answer:

Arguments in support:

1) The Decembrists acted secretly and there were no broad sections of the population on their side, the people did not know what values the Decembrists were fighting for, the people who gathered in the square were mostly onlookers.

2) The uprising was poorly organized, because the leader of the uprising, Sergei Trubetskoy, did not come to the square on the day of the uprising, therefore, having lost the leader, the uprising lost its organization.

Arguments to refute:
1) The uprising could have been successful because the most suitable time was chosen for it (the period between the reign and the political and dynastic crisis).
2) The 18th century was the era of palace coups, in which the main role was played by the guard regiments and nobles, they carried out coups and imposed conditions on the monarchs, therefore, based on history, the uprising could have been successful.

Explanations: In this task you need to remember the circumstances of the events of December 14, 1825.

№25 You need to write a historical essay about ONE of the periods of Russian history:

The essay must:

– indicate at least two significant events (phenomena, processes) relating to a given period of history;
– name two historical figures whose activities are connected with the specified events (phenomena, processes), and, using knowledge of historical facts, characterize the roles of the personalities you named in these events (phenomena, processes);

Attention! When characterizing the role of each person you named, you must indicate the specific actions of this person that significantly influenced the course and (or) result of these events (processes,
phenomena).

– indicate at least two cause-and-effect relationships characterizing the reasons for the occurrence of events (phenomena, processes) that occurred during a given period;
– using knowledge of historical facts and (or) opinions of historians, assess the impact of events (phenomena, processes) of a given period on the further history of Russia.
During the presentation, it is necessary to correctly use historical terms and concepts related to a given period.