Christmas decorations: history of appearance, presentation. Presentation for older preschoolers "The history of New Year's Christmas tree toys" presentation for a lesson on the world around us (preparatory group) on the topic
"From the history
New Year's toys"
Everything has its own history. Even New Year's toys. The New Year began to be celebrated only in 1700 by decree of Peter 1. In Rus', the New Year's tree was decorated with edible toys. The custom of decorating a Christmas tree with factory-made New Year's products appeared in Russia only in 1817. The most popular at that time were cardboard toys and products. But in 1918, the winter holiday was erased from the life of the country. Everything returned to normal only in 1935, the New Year was rehabilitated. After the New Year was rehabilitated in Russia, New Year's tree decorations also changed. Figures of children, clowns, ballerinas, birds, animals, fruits and vegetables remain. But figures of pioneers and Red Army soldiers appeared. Star-shaped pendant toys with a hammer and sickle and balls with stars appeared. That's how the New Year came to us, with Christmas tree decorations, lights and fireworks, winter children's fun - sleds, skis, ice skates, Santa Claus and gifts...
1. http://www.obstanovka.com/post/7945
2. http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/4408052/post250745106/
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Tatiana Petrenko
Presentation “Christmas tree toys”
Project "Christmas toys»
for 2nd junior group.
Relevance of the project:
The project is aimed at expanding children's knowledge about the objective world. Also relevant is the problem of interaction between preschool teachers and parents of pupils, their involvement in the life of the kindergarten and group.
Only by joining forces will we provide excellent conditions for the education of morality, feelings of love and affection for our culture, our people through the reasonable, rational use of national holidays based on folklore, creativity, traditions and customs.
Objective of the project: Introducing to the culture of the New Year holiday, its traditions; development of an artistic and aesthetic attitude to the surrounding reality, enrichment of children's impressions.
Tasks:
1. Introduce the variety of New Year's toys and the tradition of decorating the New Year tree.
2. Development of artistic and aesthetic abilities, skills and abilities of productive activities.
3. Promote interaction between children and parents in making and collecting New Year’s items toys.
From the history of the Christmas tree toys.
(information for children of a cognitive nature)
How and where they first appeared Christmas decorations- history is silent. We only know that at first they were very, very simple, but gradually became more complex and interesting.
Previously, the Christmas tree was decorated "edible decorations"- apples, waffles, nuts in gold pieces, other fruits and sweets, honey gingerbread. And only then the first ones appear "inedible" Christmas decorations.
The first Christmas trees in Rus' toys were not made of glass, as, presumably, in other countries, and from scrap materials - rags, straw, colored ribbons, and later from paper and foil. There were even special workshops that did this.
Also in our country, cotton wool was produced toys. The basis for the figurine of the cotton man was a wire frame wrapped in cotton wool. Eyes, eyebrows and nose were painted with a brush, and cheeks were painted with a cotton swab. The suit was cut out of white or pre-dyed cotton wool. The finished figurine was covered with glue. Large figures, usually depicting Father Frost and the Snow Maiden, were placed under the Christmas tree.
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Presentation “Do-it-yourself toys for developing fine motor skills”! Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution “Kindergarten of a combined type No. 40 “Sun” Presentation “Toys.
Presentation of the project “Games and toys of the indigenous peoples of the North” In order for a child to become truly inquisitive and strive to acquire new knowledge on his own, and not under coercion, it is extremely important.
Presentation of the “My Toys” project in the first junior group It is very important to teach your child to properly store his toys in a specially designated place from early childhood. Needs to be addressed.
Slide 2
The first decorated Christmas trees appeared a long time ago - about 400 years ago in Germany. At first, Christmas tree decorations were only edible, but starting from the 17th century, more durable decorations began to be made: fir cones were gilded, empty egg shells were covered with the thinnest layer of hammered brass. There were paper flowers and skillful crafts made from cotton wool, Christmas tree fairies, graceful stars, butterflies and funny figures of animals appeared from silver foil, and tinsel was made from twisted tin wires. At that time, lighted candles, which were attached to branches using thin wire, were also considered fashionable decorations for the forest beauty - alas, from their heat the wax Christmas tree decorations, so beloved in those days, quickly melted.
Slide 3
When did they start decorating the Christmas tree with New Year's balls? According to legend, one day there was a poor harvest of apples, which were one of the main decorations on the Christmas tree. Then the believers came to the glassblowers with a request to make glass apples for the holiday. Since then, balls have been considered classic Christmas tree decorations. It is reliably known that the first Christmas tree balls were made in 1848 in the town of Lauscha in Thuringia (Germany). They were made of transparent or colored glass, coated on the inside with a layer of lead, and decorated with sparkles on the outside.
Slide 4
Gradually, the sale of Christmas decorations became a profitable business, and in 1867 a gas factory was opened here, whose artisans, using easily adjustable gas burners with a very high temperature flame, blew out large thin-walled balls. Soon they began to make glass figurines - birds, bunches of grapes in ceramic forms, jugs, even pipes that you could even blow! Women and children painted the craftsmen's products with gold and silver dust. But after a while glass was replaced by figures made of cardboard; toys with gold and silver embossing and hand-painted were especially popular. Even later, wooden decorations found their place on the tree.
Slide 5
In Russia, as you know, the custom of celebrating the New Year on the night from December 31 to January 1 was introduced by Tsar Peter the Great, and he also ordered that the spruce become the main New Year tree. But only in 1817 did the custom of dressing it up begin, when for the royal holiday of the Nativity of Christ a real green forest beauty was brought into the hall of the royal palace, on which gifts for the entire royal family and children could easily be placed at one time. Gradually, the custom of decorating a Christmas tree for the winter holidays took root in the homes of rich people and those who are poorer. Over time, public Christmas trees began to be organized. The first public Christmas tree was organized in 1852 in St. Petersburg. Almost all toys were imported to Russia from Germany. But there were also a lot of handmade toys.
Slide 6
Slide 7
The most expensive toys were made of glass. In addition to glass, toys were made from cardboard. “Dresden cardboard” was very popular - toys glued together from two halves of convex painted cardboard. Beautiful dolls with paper faces glued to a “body” made of fabric, lace, beads, and paper were also hung on Christmas trees. By the 20th century, faces began to be made convex, made of cardboard, and later - porcelain. There were also toys made of cotton wool wound onto a wire frame: this is how figures of children, angels, clowns, and sailors were decorated. Fake fruits made of papier-mâché and velvet were hung on the Christmas trees.
Slide 8
Christmas tree decorations made of pressed cardboard.
Slide 9
Then Russian artisans in small cooperatives began to produce toys from cotton wool, fabric, papier-mâché, glass...
Slide 10
At the beginning of the 20th century, toys on various themes appeared. Soldiers, astronauts, cartoon and fairy tale characters, vegetables and fruits and much more were produced.
Slide 11
Craftsmen collected beads, stars for Christmas tree tops and other toys from glass tubes.
Slide 12
For a long time, Christmas tree decorations continued to be made from cotton wool, paper and fabric.
Slide 13
Toys were hung by a thread, on a clothespin...
Slide 14
Slide 15
Slide 16
Sold in sets and retail.
Slide 17
Santa Claus and Snow Maiden were placed under the Christmas tree
Slide 18
Slide 19
Slide 20
Everywhere and always, for every nation and nationality, the New Year's garland is associated with the anticipation of the holiday. ...New Year's garland makes the holiday bright! Shimmering with all the colors of the rainbow, these Christmas tree decorations create a unique romantic atmosphere on a dark New Year's Eve or, on the contrary, become part of a noisy festive feast, giving joy to both children and adults.
Slide 21
One of the main Christmas tree innovations was electric garlands (by the way, the first garlands appeared in the USA at the beginning of the 20th century and were so expensive that they were more often rented than bought. At first, such decorations were not at all harmless: garlands often caused fires - lamp the glass became heated and the needles flared up. Over time, they began to be made from durable glass using durable dyes).
Slide 22
Electric garlands, previously a simple chain of light bulbs, today look much more aesthetically pleasing and varied. Originally shaped light bulbs, “dressed” in snowflakes, flowers, and berries, make electric garlands one of the most popular attributes of the New Year’s holiday, creating a festive mood in an instant.
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Slide captions:
history of Christmas toys
How did Christmas tree decorations come about? In the distant past, all Christmas tree decorations were edible - waffle and sugar figures, nuts, fruits and vegetables, sweets.
How Christmas tree decorations appeared. Toys were also made from rags, straw and colored ribbons.
How Christmas tree decorations appeared In the 18th century, colorful paper flowers and angels appeared. They gilded nuts and cones, painted eggshells, and wove chains.
How Christmas tree decorations appeared At the beginning of the 20th century, Christmas trees were decorated with cotton toys and paper garlands. Cotton toys were made from twisted pressed cotton, which was wound onto skeletal frames in the shape of animals and people. The painted blanks were covered with starch paste with mica, which made them hard and slightly shiny.
How Christmas tree decorations arose By the middle of the 20th century, the range of Christmas tree decorations became very rich, although they were made from less effective materials than today. But a lot of imagination was invested in them. Various birds and animals were stamped from silver-plated cardboard.
How Christmas tree decorations came about In the second half of the 20th century, the first Christmas tree balls were made from transparent or colored glass in Russia. Silver and gold dust were used to paint Christmas tree decorations. Each toy was made by hand.
How Christmas tree decorations came about The imagination of glassblowers knew no bounds: they made birds, Santa Clauses, bunches of grapes, as well as all sorts of little things - anyone could think of anything: jugs, pipes, in which you could even blow the whistle. Christmas tree decorations changed depending on fashion.
How Christmas tree decorations came about. Toys depicting technology were produced.
How did Christmas tree decorations appear in the form of vegetables and fruits?
How Christmas decorations appeared in the form of space satellites and astronauts
How did Christmas tree decorations in the form of Santa Claus and the Snow Maiden come about?
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
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Abstract for the presentation
Presentation work prepared by a primary school teacher based on the results of an excursion to a factory for the production of Christmas tree decorations. Illustrating his story with photographs from the scene, the teacher talks about the production and history of Christmas tree decorations.
To conduct a lesson by a teacher
Format
pptx (powerpoint)
Number of slides
Abarkina E. V.
Audience
Words
Abstract
Present
Purpose
Slide 1
Christmas tree decorations at the Iney factory are made by hand. This is very time-consuming and hard work, but at the same time extremely exciting. Even creating a simple New Year's ball or figurine requires a lot of effort. But first things first.
Slide 2
Let's walk through the workshops of the Christmas tree toys factory and observe how ordinary glass tubes...
Slide 3
...turns into colorful toys - an indispensable attribute of the New Year's holiday.
Slide 4
Purging
Glassblowers have the hardest job. They sit near the burner all day, melt glass tubes, and blow balls out of them. The workshop is very hot and the noise from the working hood is unbearable.
Slide 5
The glass tube must be melted as best as possible on the flame of the burner. It’s strange, but for some reason glassblowers don’t use gloves. Although the glass gets very hot
Slide 6
Then you need to quickly blow out the balloon.
Slide 7
Then evaluate the resulting specimen by eye. If it turns out crooked, go back into the fire and blow again. If everything is fine, put the ball in the box.
Slide 8
To make a figurine, a hot ball is placed in pincers and inflated directly into them.
Slide 9
As a result of the work of glassblowers, transparent Christmas tree figurines are obtained, which are funny called golye.
Slide 10
Metallization
And we move on to the next workshop, where the toys acquire a metallic shine.
Slide 12
Glass blanks are inserted with “tails” into special tubes.
Slide 13
Then these tubes are placed in a machine for metallization.
Why do you think there are cups in the car?
Slide 14
These cups are needed so that the Christmas tree balls acquire a metallic sheen only halfway, and remain transparent on the other side. From such blanks you can make, for example, an aquarium ball: inside the ball there are algae from green rain and shiny fish.
Slide 15
The metallization machine is very ancient, but it is protected in every possible way, since it is the only one left at the enterprise. The second one broke.
And new equipment is very expensive.
How does it work?
Slide 16
Aluminum springs are attached to the top of the car. Inside the temperature reaches 700 degrees. Steam is generated. Aluminum springs melt and aluminum vapors settle on Christmas tree decorations. The machine is closed for an hour and a half and the drum rotates for the entire hour and a half so that the toys are evenly covered with a mirror-like metallic sheen.
Slide 17
Painting
In this workshop, workers dip already metalized Christmas tree decorations into buckets of paint. And this is what happens:
Slide 18
If the ball should remain transparent on one side, then it is not completely dipped into a bucket of paint, but only on the opaque side.
Then the balls dry for some time.
Slide 19
Then take a stencil with a design.
A ball is placed there and, using a can of spray paint, the stencil is transferred to the Christmas tree decoration. The ball does not produce a finished drawing, but only a mock-up, which the artists then paint.
Slide 21
That is why, after walking through the factory in the toy store, customers spent so long and meticulously choosing their balls and figures. And one kid shouted: “Mom, I chose, I want this Santa Claus.” “What’s there to choose, they’re all the same,” the mother got angry. “No, look, he winks at me, but the others don’t.”
Slide 22
The artists' hall is somewhat similar to a modern office. But instead of computers there are boxes of toys, and instead of stationery there are paints and brushes.
Slide 23
On the tables there is gouache, acrylic paints, small beads, silver and gold powder.
Slide 24
The end result is such beauty.
Slide 25
Toys from the 60s - 70s
Slide 26
70s toys
Slide 27
80s toys
Slide 28
Modern toy
Slide 29
Modern toy with rural landscape
Slide 30
Secrets of making Christmas tree toys
Every year the assortment is updated by 80%. And number 5 always comes with a toy with the symbol of the year. All this year a ball was produced with the symbol of the next year 2009 - a bull. Despite the fact that the year of the ox is just beginning, its reign is ending at the Christmas tree decorations factory. Immediately after the New Year - in January - a ball with a tiger will be put into production, since 2010 is the year of the tiger. And the factory for making Christmas tree decorations works all year long just for one holiday.
Slide 31
GLASS – Handmade
Such an inscription with a hologram is on every toy that is produced at the Pavlo-Posad Christmas tree toys factory “Iney”. But even without an inscription, any toy made here can be easily distinguished from the plastic Chinese balls with which all our stores are littered. It’s strange, judging by how people are frantically sweeping Chinese consumer goods off store shelves, there is still a demand for New Year’s toys. It’s only a pity that large stores offer us something that costs them less and have little interest in quality.
A handmade glass toy is different. She is very beautiful and original.
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Abstract
"New Year's toy"
A story about how a Christmas tree toy appeared.
An ancient production - a Christmas tree decorations factory is located in the village of Danilovo, south of Pavlovsky Posad on the road to Kurovskoye. Once upon a time the village belonged to the Novozagarsk landowners Samarins, who, however, came here only in the summer. All affairs were managed by a manager. The peasants lived on their own farms, and also collected cranberries in the surrounding swamps, and mushrooms in huge baskets in the forests. They carried it all on carts to sell it at the markets in Pavlovo and Zagarye.
The artistic skills of the local population contributed to the fact that from the middle of the 19th century, a craft began to develop in the village - making and painting Christmas tree decorations. The Christmas tree was put up for Christmas, which preceded the New Year. For the majority of the Russian population, the New Year was a time of cheerful winter holidays and children's holidays, so the Christmas tree toy had a “Yuletide” character. Christmas tree decorations were decorated picturesquely, brightly and decoratively. Decorating the Christmas tree itself became a family tradition, in which both children and adults participated. Gifts were collected for the Christmas tree; Christmas decorations were the desired gift. Glass Christmas tree decorations have come into fashion since the middle of the 11th century. The peasants worked at home and used simple burners for blowing, into which the wick was tightly packed. Kerosene was supplied through it from the lower container. To create a high-temperature flame from homemade leather bellows, compressed air was pumped using the legs. The toys were blown from glass dart tubes of different lengths and diameters. Before work, the dart was sorted and cut manually using a knife or stone by the glassblower himself.
Often the whole family was involved in making glass Christmas tree decorations, and the art of glass blowing and painting was passed on through generations. Growing demand increased the number of single artisans making glass Christmas tree decorations. Owners appeared who set up small production facilities in their homes, employing hired workers who blew and painted glass Christmas tree decorations.
Glassblowers and painters began to unite into artels and small factories. Artel workers copied pre-revolutionary toys and created new ones. In the 60s and 70s, toys, in addition to the usual subjects, depicted the Moscow Kremlin, spaceships, and Kremlin stars.
The current enterprise “Iney” is a specialized production facility for the production of Christmas tree decorations. The enterprise preserves and develops unique fishing traditions that developed in pre-revolutionary times; The tradition of hand-made Christmas decorations by blowing and hand-painting is preserved here.
The glassblowing profession is unique, training takes place only at the enterprise, mastering this work requires time and certain abilities. The work of a glass blower behind a burner is a wonderful transformation of a glass tube into a ball, figures, top, bell, etc. Currently, the plant employs more than a dozen glassblowers. Over the years, entire dynasties have formed in this profession: the Knyazevs, Buzins, Zhuravlevs, Frolovs and others.
About thirty painters are engaged in artistic painting of toys. The Kuzmins, Rumyantsevs, Demidkins and others work for generations. When painting glass Christmas balls and various figures, multi-color brush stroke painting is used, with decorative finishing using various materials. Snowflakes, Father Frost and Snow Maiden are now depicted on the balls as before; Rural landscapes are very popular - trees, churches, houses, smoke above a chimney. Many toys are also produced with symbols of the year according to the eastern horoscope: depending on the year, funny goats, roosters, monkeys, pigs, and bulls are depicted on the balls.
The company retains samples of products produced in past years; these samples serve as a teaching tool for young painters. Ancient scenes, traditional ornaments, and sculptures of figurines are used by the factory’s craftsmen when creating new products. Master artists pay great attention to the natural possibilities of glass and the various ways of decorating it. The reflections play brightly on the smooth shiny surface of glass products; with the help of toys, the fabulousness and mystery of the New Year's holiday are created.
The message was prepared based on materials from E.V. Zhukova
"New Year's toy"
. (Folk craft of the village of Danilovo)
