Atlas-identifier from the earth 3. Atlas-identifier of plants for children “from earth to sky” for the textbook Pleshakova’s surrounding world

Atlas identification of animals "From earth to sky" for Pleshakov's textbooks. Insects, spiders, birds, fish, animals.

The atlas for Pleshakov’s textbooks covers almost the entire animal world, from small insects to large mammals. The child will learn to identify animals from pictures, remember their names, and learn to divide animals into groups, that is, classify them. The atlas will be an excellent assistant in preparing lessons on the subject of the world around us in grades 1-4 of primary school, especially according to the Perspective and School of Russia program, which are based on Pleshakov’s textbooks, where he often refers to searching for material in the atlas-determinant “From Earth to Sky” ", the workbooks also contain tasks based on the atlas-identifier.

All classifications are very arbitrary, but using them it is easy to find the desired animal and find out its name. Pictures of animals to create the atlas were taken from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia and reference books on zoology.

Atlas-determinant "From earth to sky". Animals

When it comes to animals, everyone first of all remembers four-legged and furred mammals. But they are not the only ones that belong to the animal kingdom. In addition to mammals, it includes a huge variety of other organisms: fish, birds, insects, arachnids, mollusks, starfish, all kinds of worms and centipedes. Man also belongs to the animal kingdom, but is traditionally considered separately.

Unlike plants, most animals can move independently to where they need to go, and therefore are much more difficult to identify using an atlas. If you get scared, he will run away and hide. Therefore, you need to focus all your attention on it, examine and remember the color and size, so that you can later find it using the atlas-identifier.

Invertebrates

Invertebrates are animals without backbones: snails, worms, insects, spiders, crustaceans and millipedes. They are usually not too large. The exceptions are some crabs, tropical centipedes and spiders, which can reach quite large sizes.

Shellfish and worms

Mollusks live in the seas, fresh water bodies and on land. Snails are gastropods with a single shell on top. Gastropod means that the abdomen of the mollusk is its only leg, with the help of which the animal moves. And there are also bivalves, which have two shells and they are tightly adjacent to each other, the mollusk is thus completely protected inside the shells on all sides. But worms and leeches do not have shells, they only have a long soft body.

Arachnids

These are spiders, ticks and scorpions. They all have 8 legs, and the body is covered with a dense chitinous shell.

Crustaceans and centipedes

Crustaceans include crayfish, crabs, cyclops, daphnia, wood lice and the like.

Insects

Insects are also invertebrates. Unlike spiders, they have 6 legs, not 8. Insects include beetles, butterflies, dragonflies, bedbugs and cockroaches, mosquitoes and flies, bees, and grasshoppers.

Beetles

Beetles are insects whose front wings have turned into hard elytra. Hence their scientific name "Coleoptera". Before taking off, the beetle first raises these elytra, and only then flaps its wings.

Large beetles: rhinoceros beetle, stag beetle, marbled beetle, scarab, oak longhorned beetle, large beetle, fringed beetle, large water lover.

The largest beetle living on Earth is lumberjack titan, living in South America. The length of its body (without antennae) can reach 16 cm. Adult beetles have extremely sharp “jaws” - mandibles, which can even break a pencil. Sensing danger, they begin to hiss and try to injure the enemy with their mandibles.

Not too large beetles: May beetle, bronze beetle, fragrant beetle, gray long-whiskered woodcutter, dung beetle, steppe slow beetle, ground beetle.

Small beetles: ladybug, black click beetle, iris beetle, mealworm, leaf beetle, bark beetle, bee moth, weevil, Colorado potato beetle, red predator, soft beetle, large firefly, spinner.

Butterflies

The Russian name “butterfly” comes from the Old Slavonic word “babъka”, which denoted the concept of “old woman” or “grandmother”. In the beliefs of the ancient Slavs, it was believed that these were the souls of the dead, so people treated them with respect. The most remarkable thing about butterflies is their large wings. The pattern of butterfly wings varies from species to species and captivates with its beauty. The appearance and coloring of a butterfly's wings serve not only for beauty, but also act as protective camouflage, allowing it to blend into its surroundings.

Diurnal butterflies are active during the day and sleep at night.

Moths and moths are active at dusk. Moths differ from butterflies in having a plumper and fluffier body. At night, as a rule, it is moths, not butterflies, that are active.

Scoop agrippina or, as it is otherwise called, tisania agrippina is the largest butterfly in the world, the wingspan of which usually reaches 30 cm. The butterfly is nocturnal.

Caterpillars

A caterpillar is the larva of a butterfly, moth or moth. The food of caterpillars is very diverse - from plants to honey and wax.

Dragonflies

Dragonflies are relatively large insects with a movable head, large eyes, short antennae, an elongated slender abdomen and four transparent wings with a dense network of veins. Dragonflies are predators that feed on insects caught in flight.

Grasshoppers and related insects

If you see an insect that jumps quite well and can also chirp, it is most likely a grasshopper or a related insect. Very often, grasshoppers have an appearance and color similar to the appearance and color of the leaves or other parts of the plants on which they live.

Bedbugs

A feature of most bedbugs is their scent glands. The secretions of these glands have a characteristic odor that is unpleasant to humans, which repels enemies.

Bees, wasps, bumblebees and ants

These insects build houses for themselves and live in them in large families. They have 3 pairs of legs and 2 pairs of wings.

Mosquitoes and flies

Mosquitoes are most common in humid climates and remain active during the warmer seasons of the year. They have a thin body, 3 pairs of long thin legs and 1 pair of wings. Flies also have only 2 thin wings and 3 pairs of legs, but the legs are shorter than mosquito legs, large eyes and a plump body.

Common mosquito (squeaker)- a type of mosquito that is found everywhere, overwhelming humans and animals with its intrusiveness. Adult squeak mosquitoes measure 3-8 mm. Only females drink blood, and males feed on nectar. Therefore, females have a long sting on their small heads.

Insects living in houses

Unusual insects

Fish

Fish are vertebrates with gills, fins and scales. They live in water: in seas, oceans, rivers and lakes.

Aquarium fish

In aquariums we usually breed small and beautiful tropical fish from warm seas that live near coral reefs.

Amphibians

Amphibians, or amphibians, are cold-blooded animals adapted to life both in the aquatic environment and on land. Most of them first breathe with gills, and then, in adulthood, switch to pulmonary breathing. Amphibians include frogs and toads, salamanders, newts and caecilians.

Reptile

Reptiles are vertebrates that move primarily by crawling, dragging their belly along the ground. Another name for these animals is reptiles. These include snakes, turtles, crocodiles, and lizards. Their skin is dry, the outside is covered with scales, scutes, and maybe even a shell. Reptiles breathe with their lungs. All reptiles are cold-blooded and depend on the temperature of their environment. They have a spine. A well-formed skeleton and muscles provide excellent mobility.

Common viper- poisonous snake. Lives in forests, wet lowlands, along river banks, near swamps and lakes. They know how to swim. The length of the snake can reach almost 1 meter, but snakes no larger than 60-70 cm are more common. They feed on mice, lizards, frogs and small birds. Vipers can range in color from black to gray or brown with a dark diamond pattern on their backs. When you see a viper in nature, you need to stop and slowly start moving back, facing the snake. If you frighten the viper by shouting or touching it, it will attack and bite. If you are bitten by a snake, you need immediate medical attention.

Already ordinary not dangerous to humans. It can live in the same places where the viper lives, but is more often found along the banks of water bodies. Dimensions, like those of the viper, are up to 1 meter in length. They differ in the shape of their head: the snake’s is oval, the viper’s is like a triangle with rounded edges. It is black, but on the sides of the head there are 2 yellow-orange spots, which allow this snake to be distinguished from other snakes. It swims well under water and on its surface. Snakes feed mainly on frogs.

Birds

Birds are feathered vertebrates. All birds have wings, but not all can fly. Birds lay eggs from which chicks hatch.

Some bird species do not fly far from their habitat, while others - migratory birds - fly long distances in spring and autumn. They winter in warm countries, and in the summer they fly north, to where there is more food and the opportunity to feed the chicks.
They don't fly away from us: sparrows, tits, bullfinches, jays, nuthatch, jackdaws, pigeons, crows, magpies, woodpeckers.
Migratory birds: swallow, swift, wagtail, starling, lark, redstart, rook, cuckoo, sandpiper, thrush, crane, swan, duck, heron, wild geese.

Birds of our ponds

Rodents

Rodents are the largest order of mammals, which includes mice, rats, hamsters, squirrels, porcupines, beavers and many other animals. They have a similar body structure and teeth. The teeth are adapted for processing solid plant foods, but some of them also feed on small animals. Rodents are small, less often medium-sized animals. The largest representative is the capybara, or capybara, which lives in South America. The capybara's body length reaches one and a half meters, and its weight is 60 kg. The smallest animal is the tiny mouse. Its length is less than 5 cm.

Ungulates

Ungulates are combined into one group based on the presence of hooves. And some of them also have horns.

Beasts of Prey

Everyone knows such predatory animals as the wolf and the fox, but there are also predators living in our forests. These are the ferret, marten, weasel, ermine and otter. Their food is other animals.

Various animals

There are many different strange animals, for example fruit bats. These are not birds, but they fly well. Their forelimbs are very similar to wings without feathers. Other animals have their own interesting features, for example the ability to live underground or change color depending on the time of year. And some even have spines instead of fur, like hedgehogs and porcupines.

Animals of the living corner

Little favorites are decorative hamsters, white mice and guinea pigs. The world's smallest hamster is Roborovski's hamster. Its dimensions do not exceed 6 cm.

Learning to identify animals When people talk about animals, many people imagine animals. But animals are not only animals. These are also birds, fish, insects, shellfish, and worms. You will find many of them in our atlas. In the pictures of the atlas, many large animals are reduced in size, while small ones, on the contrary, are enlarged so that you can see them better. In many cases, dimensions are indicated in centimeters or millimeters.

Learning to identify animals

When people talk about animals, many people imagine animals.

But animals are not only animals.

These are also birds, fish, insects, shellfish, and worms.

You will find many of them in our atlas. In the pictures of the atlas, many large animals are reduced in size, while small ones, on the contrary, are enlarged so that you can see them better. In many cases, dimensions are indicated in centimeters or millimeters.

Pay attention to what exactly is indicated: body length (in many animals), wingspan (in insects and birds), shell height or width (in mollusks).

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My atlas guide Prepared by a student of 4th "D" class of municipal educational institution "Secondary school No. 40" Baturo Karina Teacher Novikova Elena Aleksandrovna

Our acquaintance with plants We will study the plants that surround us and benefit us. We will study where plants grow.

Cornflower meadow

Description: meadow cornflower. This is a perennial herbaceous plant. The stem is erect, 40-70 cm high, the leaves are slightly rough; the flowers are precise baskets at the tops of the stem and branches, equipped with a imbricated involucre, each leaflet of which is expanded at the top into a black fringed appendage; marginal flowers are funnel-shaped, pink; the middle ones are tubular, dark pink. Blooms all summer. Distribution: natural range - Russia - all regions of the European part, except the Lower Volga, Caucasus, Western and Eastern Siberia, Far East; Ukraine - forest, forest-steppe and steppe - mainly on the Left Bank - regions. Meadow cornflower grows scatteredly in meadows, forest clearings, on forest edges, among bushes, in weedy areas, railway embankments, and along roadsides. Application: the plant has diuretic, choleretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. An infusion of the herb is drunk for heart disease, headaches and stomach pain, jaundice, and dropsy.

BELL (CAMPANULA) family Campanulaceae

Campanula (lat. Campanula) is a genus of exclusively herbaceous plants from the Campanula family. The genus includes more than 300 species native to temperate countries. Under natural conditions it is found in the Caucasus, Siberia, Central and Western Asia, in Europe, and has some distribution in North America. On the territory of Russia and neighboring countries there are about 150 species, in the European part of Russia - up to 15. The habitats of bluebells are varied, they have access to meadows, forests, steppes, and they are also found in desert and rocky areas. Numerous and diverse species inhabit the subalpine and alpine mountain belts. The corolla is for the most part clearly bell-shaped, blue or purple in different shades, sometimes lilac, occasionally white. Inflorescences are usually paniculate or racemose, rarely single-flowered.

St. John's wort (lat. Hypericum) is a genus of flowering plants of the St. John's wort family of the order Malpighiaceae.

St. John's wort is a herbaceous perennial up to 1.5 m high (usually 4070 cm) with a rounded straight stem, on which two longitudinal lines are sometimes clearly visible. The leaves are oval, slightly oblong, abundantly dotted with glands with black dots. The glands are usually translucent. St. John's wort has golden yellow flowers. St. John's wort blooms from June to August. It is found on the edges of light forests or among bushes, on open dry slopes, in the steppe. For medicinal purposes, St. John's wort (the upper part of the plant) is used, cut at the beginning of flowering in June. Types of St. John's wort - Common or perforated, tetrahedral, knotty, creeping, St. John's wort, woody.

CLOVER Red (Meadow)

Clover is a plant of the legume family. A perennial, rarely annual plant with a taproot system, which in some becomes woody. The flowers vary in color depending on the variety, being red, white or pink. Small flowers collected in one plant head. Flowers are arranged sparsely, in umbels or racemes. Clover grows in meadows, fields, forests and roadsides. A wide distribution zone indicates that the root system is well developed and is capable of absorbing moisture and minerals from arid and hard soil cover. There are folk signs that are associated with clover: - if you look closely, you will notice that before the rain, the leaves straighten; - if the clover stands straight, and the leaves fold, then bad weather or a storm is approaching.

Dandelion officinalis

Dandelion officinalis is a flower of the sun. Before the rain, he closes his bright baskets, hiding the golden petals in dense green buds. It also closes at night. Distribution: Dandelion officinalis is ubiquitous in Europe and Asia in all areas except the Arctic and high mountains. Less common in North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. It grows as a weed in meadows, near roads, in villages, parks, and often forms continuous thickets. Part used: roots, leaves, grass, and dandelion juice are used for medicinal purposes. The plant contains vitamins C, A, B2.

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Atlas-determinant "From earth to sky". Animals

Invertebrates

Shellfish and worms

Arachnids

These are spiders, ticks and scorpions. They all have 8 legs, and the body is covered with a dense chitinous shell.

Crustaceans and centipedes

Crustaceans include crayfish, crabs, cyclops, daphnia, wood lice and the like.

Insects

Insects are also invertebrates. Unlike spiders, they have 6 legs, not 8. Insects include beetles, butterflies, dragonflies, bedbugs and cockroaches, mosquitoes and flies, bees, and grasshoppers.

Beetles

Beetles are insects whose front wings have turned into hard elytra. Hence their scientific name "Coleoptera". Before taking off, the beetle first raises these elytra, and only then flaps its wings.

Large beetles: rhinoceros beetle, stag beetle, marbled beetle, scarab, oak longhorned beetle, large beetle, fringed beetle, large water lover.

Not too large beetles: May beetle, bronze beetle, fragrant beetle, gray long-whiskered woodcutter, dung beetle, steppe slow beetle, ground beetle.

Small beetles: ladybug, black click beetle, iris beetle, mealworm, leaf beetle, bark beetle, bee moth, weevil, Colorado potato beetle, red predator, soft beetle, large firefly, spinner.

Butterflies

Diurnal butterflies are active during the day and sleep at night.

Moths and moths are active at dusk. Moths differ from butterflies in having a plumper and fluffier body. At night, as a rule, it is moths, not butterflies, that are active.

Scoop agrippina or, as it is otherwise called, tisania agrippina is the largest butterfly in the world, the wingspan of which usually reaches 30 cm. The butterfly is nocturnal.

Caterpillars

A caterpillar is the larva of a butterfly, moth or moth. The food of caterpillars is very diverse - from plants to honey and wax.

Dragonflies

Grasshoppers and related insects

Bedbugs

A feature of most bedbugs is their scent glands. The secretions of these glands have a characteristic odor that is unpleasant to humans, which repels enemies.

Bees, wasps, bumblebees and ants

These insects build houses for themselves and live in them in large families. They have 3 pairs of legs and 2 pairs of wings.

Mosquitoes and flies

Insects living in houses

Unusual insects

Fish

Fish are vertebrates with gills, fins and scales. They live in water: in seas, oceans, rivers and lakes.

Aquarium fish

In aquariums we usually breed small and beautiful tropical fish from warm seas that live near coral reefs.

Amphibians

Reptile

Birds

Birds are feathered vertebrates. All birds have wings, but not all can fly. Birds lay eggs from which chicks hatch.

Birds of our ponds

Predator birds

Birds of the living corner

Mammals

Mammals feed their babies milk, hence the scientific name.

Rodents

Ungulates

Ungulates are combined into one group based on the presence of hooves. And some of them also have horns. All ungulates are herbivores. They only eat plants, while deer eat lichens in addition to plants.

Beasts of Prey

Everyone knows such predatory animals as the wolf and the fox, but there are also predators living in our forests. These are the ferret, marten, weasel, ermine and otter. Their food is other animals.

Various animals

Dogs

We won't ignore pets either. Man not only tamed them, but also bred different breeds. For example - dogs. Strong, large, hardy dogs are service dogs. They help the police and military in their service. Hunting dogs are adapted to catching game and accompany the owner on the hunt. Decorative breeds of dogs decorate a house or apartment.

Animals of the living corner

Little favorites are decorative hamsters, white mice and guinea pigs. The world's smallest hamster is Roborovski's hamster. Its dimensions do not exceed 6 cm.

This section of the atlas presents wild herbaceous plants of open areas. Open areas are any areas where there are not many trees. This is a meadow, a pasture, a vacant lot, a roadside, and a village yard. Here herbaceous plants are the main green inhabitants, and it is here that they are especially diverse.

The flowers on it are very helpful in identifying plants. Therefore, in the atlas we have collected on some pages plants with white flowers, on others, for example, with yellow, blue or purple, pink or red. Plants that do not have large and bright flowers are placed separately. Such plants have flowers, but they are small, inconspicuous and not particularly striking.