In which word are all consonants voiced? Voiced consonants

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Voiced and voiceless consonants

Let's remember how speech sounds are born. When a person begins to speak, he exhales air from his lungs. It runs down the windpipe into the narrow larynx, where special muscles are located - the vocal cords. If a person pronounces consonant sounds, he closes his mouth (at least a little), which causes noise. But consonants make different noises.

Let's conduct an experiment: cover our ears and pronounce the sound [p], and then the sound [b]. When we pronounced the sound [b], the ligaments became tense and began to tremble. This trembling turned into a voice. There was a slight ringing in my ears.

You can conduct a similar experiment by placing your hands on the right and left sides of your neck and pronouncing the sounds [d] and [t]. The sound [d] is pronounced much louder, more sonorous. Scientists call these sounds voiced, and sounds that consist only of noise - deaf.

Paired consonants in terms of voicedness and deafness

Let's try to divide the sounds into two groups according to the method of pronunciation. Let's populate phonetic houses in the city of sounds. Let’s agree: dull sounds will live on the first floor, and voiced sounds will live on the second floor. Residents of the first house:

These consonant sounds are called paired by voicedness - deafness.

Rice. 1. Paired voiced and voiceless consonants (Source)

They are very similar to each other - real “twins”, they are pronounced almost the same: the lips form the same way, the tongue moves the same way. But they also have pairs of softness and hardness. Let's add them to the house.

The sounds [zh] and [sh] do not have paired soft sounds, they always hard. And they are also called sizzling sounds.

All these sounds are indicated by letters:

Unpaired voiced consonants

But not all consonant sounds and letters form pairs. Those consonants that do not have pairs are called unpaired. Let's put unpaired consonant sounds in our houses.

To the second house - unpairedvoiced consonants sounds:

Let us remind you that the sound [th’] always just soft. Therefore, he will live alone in our house. These sounds are represented in writing by letters:

(ale)

(and short)

The sounds of the second house are also called sonorous , because they are formed with the help of the voice and almost without noise, they are very sonorous. The word “sonorant” is translated from the Latin “sonorus” meaning sonorous.

Unpaired voiceless consonants

We will put you in the third house unpaired voiceless consonants sounds:

Let us remember that the sound [ts] is always hard, and [h’] and [sch’] – always soft. Unpaired voiceless consonants are indicated in writing by letters:

Sounds [h’], [h’] – sizzling sounds.

So we populated our city with consonant sounds and letters. Now it’s immediately clear why there are 21 consonant letters and 36 sounds.

Rice. 2. Voiced and voiceless consonants (Source)

Consolidating knowledge in practice

1. Consider the pictures and turn one word into another, replacing only one sound. Hint: remember pairs of consonant sounds.

d points - point

b glasses - kidney

w ar – heat

fishing rod - duck

2. There are riddles, the meaning of which lies in the knowledge of consonant sounds, they are called charades. Try to guess them:

1) With a deaf consonant I pour into the field,
With the ringing one - I myself am ringing to the expanse . (Spike - voice)

2) With a deaf person - she cuts the grass,
With a voiced sound, it eats the leaves. (Scythe - goat)

3) With “em” - pleasant, golden, very sweet and fragrant.
With the letter “el” it appears in winter, but disappears in spring . (Honey - ice)

In order to develop the ability to pronounce certain sounds, especially hissing ones, they learn tongue twisters. The tongue twister is told slowly at first, and then the pace is accelerated. Let's try to learn tongue twisters:

1. Six little mice rustle in the reeds.
2. The hedgehog has a hedgehog, the snake has a squeeze.
3. Two puppies were chewing a brush in the corner, cheek to cheek.

So, today we learned that consonant sounds can be voiced and unvoiced and how these sounds are indicated in writing.

The Russian language has 21 consonants and 36 consonant sounds. Consonant letters and their corresponding consonant sounds:
b - [b], c - [c], g - [g], d - [d], g - [g], j - [th], z - [z], k - [k], l - [l], m - [m], n - [n], p - [p], p - [p], s - [s], t - [t], f - [f], x - [x ], c - [c], ch - [ch], sh - [sh], sch - [sch].

Consonant sounds are divided into voiced and voiceless, hard and soft. They are paired and unpaired. There are a total of 36 different combinations of consonants by pairing and unpairing, hard and soft, voiceless and voiced: voiceless - 16 (8 soft and 8 hard), voiced - 20 (10 soft and 10 hard).

Scheme 1. Consonants and consonant sounds of the Russian language.

Hard and soft consonants

Consonants are hard and soft. They are divided into paired and unpaired. Paired hard and paired soft consonants help us distinguish between words. Compare: horse [kon’] - kon [kon], bow [bow] - hatch [l’uk].

For understanding, let’s explain it “on the fingers”. If a consonant letter in different words means either a soft or hard sound, then the sound belongs to the pair. For example, in the word cat the letter k denotes a hard sound [k], in the word whale the letter k denotes a soft sound [k’]. We get: [k] - [k’] form a pair according to hardness and softness. Sounds for different consonants cannot be classified as a pair, for example [v] and [k’] do not form a pair in terms of hardness-softness, but they do form a pair [v]-[v’]. If a consonant sound is always hard or always soft, then it belongs to unpaired consonants. For example, the sound [zh] is always hard. There are no words in the Russian language where it would be soft [zh’]. Since there is no pair [zh]-[zh’], it is classified as unpaired.

Voiced and voiceless consonants

Consonant sounds are voiced and unvoiced. Thanks to voiced and voiceless consonants, we distinguish words. Compare: ball - heat, count - goal, house - volume. Voiceless consonants are pronounced with the mouth almost closed; when pronouncing them, the vocal cords do not work. Voiced consonants require more air, the vocal cords work.

Some consonant sounds have a similar sound in the way they are pronounced, but are pronounced with different tonality - dull or voiced. Such sounds are combined in pairs and form a group of paired consonants. Accordingly, paired consonants are a pair of a voiceless and a voiced consonant.

• paired consonants: b-p, v-f, g-k, d-t, z-s, zh-sh.
• unpaired consonants: l, m, n, r, y, c, x, h, shch.

Sonorant, noisy and sibilant consonants

Sonorants are voiced unpaired consonant sounds. There are 9 sonorant sounds: [y’], [l], [l’], [m], [m’], [n], [n’], [r], [r’].
Noisy consonant sounds are voiced and unvoiced:

1. Noisy voiceless consonants (16): [k], [k'], [p], [p'], [s], [s'], [t], [t'], [f], [f '], [x], [x'], [ts], [h'], [w], [w'];
2. Noisy voiced consonant sounds (11): [b], [b'], [v], [v'], [g], [g'], [d], [d'], [g], [z ], [z'].

Hissing consonant sounds (4): [zh], [ch’], [sh], [sch’].

Paired and unpaired consonants

Consonant sounds (soft and hard, voiceless and voiced) are divided into paired and unpaired. The tables above show the division. Let's summarize everything with a diagram:

Scheme 2. Paired and unpaired consonant sounds.

To be able to do phonetic analysis, in addition to consonant sounds, you need to know vowel sounds and the rules of phonetics.

Be sure to write words with the letter е through е. The phonetic analysis of the words “hedgehog” and “hedgehog” will be different!

In the Russian language, there are words consisting only of voiced consonants, for example: howl, fit, knowledge, flowerpot, fence, yard, yard, frozen, ice cream, prayer, friendship, groovy, distributed.

To this list you can add words in which voiceless consonants are voiced:

selection, chop, slowed down, collection, harness, fenced off, shorn, station, spin.

There are many words in the Russian language in which all consonants are voiced. These are words such as, for example, ship, ballerina, comb, vision, lemon, lemon, tree, wooden, dawn, young, and many others.

Words in which all consonants are voiced will be the following (examples):

• gallery
• real
• Grimm
• iron
• tree
• log
• banner
• storm
• cities, beard
• fashion, model
• puddle, meadows
• shin
• wife, toad,
• sparrow
• war
• fashionable
• Tan
• lemon
• collection (collection)

There are quite a lot of words in the Russian language that consist only of voiced consonants. Let's give examples of such words: knowing, drumstick, lemon, sea, lemon, tan, meadows, tree, iron, bazaar, fashion, ice cream, knowledge, thunder, ballerina, fence, ship.

Here are examples of words in which all consonants are voiced:

This probably means that vowels and sounds are still present in these words, it’s just that consonants are only voiced. There are quite a few such words in our language, they are very different, I will give a few of them as an example: lawn, howl, rose, mimosa, thunder, piled up, clamp, slaughter, log and many others.

In the Russian language, the following consonants are voiced: B, V, G, D, Zh, Z, Y, L, M, N, R. Of course, a word cannot consist of consonants alone, but there are words that contain only voiced consonants : fight, year, verb, zombie, area, etc.

In the Russian language there are words consisting only of voiced consonants. As an example, we give the following words: fence, yard, frozen, tan, banner, friendship, groovy, thunder, thunderstorm, sparrow, wife, sea, hole, gallery.

In the Russian language there are quite a lot of words that contain only voiced consonants, for example: ringing, howling, dawn, knowledge, fish, mountain, fence, yard, ice cream, friendship, gallery, sparrow, wife, thunder, thunderstorm, fashion, bazaar.

There are a lot of such words in the Russian language. You can even come up with an algorithm for creating them. Voiced consonants - l, m, r, j - do not form pairs. That is, these letters can stand at the beginning of a word and at the end without a vowel and not be deafened.

For example: mother, llama, sea, rum, swarm, crowbar, bark.

You can also take other voiced consonants, just make sure that the sound does not become dull - bazaar, mountain, fashion, ice cream.

All consonant sounds in the Russian language are divided into hard and soft and into voiceless and voiced. What is the difference between voiced consonants? Our article answers this question.

How are voiced sounds formed?

In the process of forming a consonant sound, not only the voice, but also various noises are involved. They arise due to the fact that various obstacles form in the mouth, which are then overcome by the flow of air. For example, when pronouncing the sound [b], we close our lips, and the exhaled air forcefully breaks this barrier.

Children studying Russian in the third grade distinguish sounds by deafness and voicedness only in the indicated way. But sometimes schoolchildren in grades 5–6 also distinguish sonorants (very sonorous) and hissing ones. In the latter there is no voice at all - only noise (with the exception of F).

For example, a voiced consonant at the beginning of the word “lynx” is sonorant, and a voiceless consonant at the beginning of the word “pike” is hissing.

The sonorant consonants “l” and “r” can even take on some of the functions of a vowel and form a syllable. This happens, for example, in the word “smysol” (which is why it is sometimes mistakenly written “smysol”).

How to distinguish a ringing sound

There are several signs by which a voiced consonant can be distinguished.

You can say the sound out loud by placing your hand on your throat near the vocal cords; if vibration is felt, the sound is ringing.

You can simply memorize voiceless and voiced consonants. Or remember, relying on pairs of deafness and voicedness.

There are mnemonic formulas that allow you to remember voiceless and voiced words. This is a phrase or word where all sounds are either unvoiced or voiced. Let us give examples of such formulas.

• Deaf: Styopka, would you like some soup? - Fi. (In this phrase all sounds are unvoiced)
• Voiced: Normal (sonorant only)

Paired and unpaired voiced consonants

Most voiced consonants form voiceless-voiced pairs. In the table below, all voiced sounds are shown in the top row, and the unvoiced sounds paired with them are shown in the bottom row. If there is a dash in one row or another, it means the sound is unpaired.

Voicing and stunning

In the flow of speech, sounds depend on their “neighbors”, so they can change their quality under the influence of their environment.

In Russian, several phenomena are possible:

• Stun
• Assimilation(similarity) by deafness-voicing.

Stunning occurs at the end of a word. A voiced consonant at the absolute end of a word is pronounced as its own voiceless pair. For example, [gr’ip] (mushroom).

Assimilation occurs in the middle of a word. In Russian, the sound is influenced by the neighbor on the right. Most often, a voiced sound becomes dull due to the fact that it is adjacent to another dull sound. Examples of assimilation: tub, riddle. Less often, a consonant becomes voiced “for company.” For example, request [proz’ba].

Similar processes occur in different languages, but in different ways. For example, in the Chuvash language, a voiceless consonant, when found between two vowels, becomes voiced.

How to check a questionable consonant

Because of these linguistic processes, consonant sounds are made to sound different from themselves in some positions. Therefore they need to be checked.

To determine what sound, voiceless or voiced, must be written in a given word, you should change the word or select a root word so that there is a vowel after the consonant. For example, pillar-pillars, mowing-mow, pointer-point.

The absolute end of a word is not a strong position that makes it possible to distinguish consonants by deafness and voicedness.

There are words that cannot be verified. For example, football, backpack, etc. You need to memorize them or look them up in the dictionary.

What have we learned?

From the article we learned that consonant sounds in the Russian language are voiced and unvoiced. To form a voiced consonant, you need more voice than noise. We learned which sounds are paired in terms of deafness and voicedness, and which are not. We learned what sonorous and hissing sounds are.

Test on the topic

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Answers:

1 – b; 2 – c, e; 3 – a, g; 4 – b, d; 5 – b; 6 - G; 7 – b; 8 – 1) a, 2) a, 3) b, 4) b; 9 - A; 10 – b; 11 – 1) b, 2) a, 3) b, 4) b, 5) a; 12 - V; 13 - A; 14 – b, c; 15 – 1) b, 2) b, 3) c, 4) a, 5) b, 6) b; 16 - G; 17 – c, d; 18 - V.

Lesson No. 11 Test work No. 2 on the topic “Phonetics”

Test

Option 1

1. In which words are all consonant sounds voiced?

a) shore; c) again;

b) rich; G) seaside.

a) inter-institutional; to the circus;

b) to the results; d) clean.

3. Which word has four sounds?

a) sew; c) sing;

b) linen; d) core.

4. Which word has the sound [d]?

a) business; c) horseshoe;

b) discarded; d) seventeen.

5. Which elephant does not have the sound [z]?

a) hand over; c) I’m driving;

b) riding; d) station.

6. Which elephant does not have a consonant [ j]?

a) postman; c) sings;

b) flight; d) is pouring.

7. Which elephant is stressed incorrectly? Correct the mistake.

a) started; c) Augustovsky;

b) cement; d) wholesale.

8. In which word is the highlighted consonant pronounced firmly?

a) academy; c) trend;

b) term; d) tenor.

9. Divide words into syllables.

T-shirt, discovery, classmate, epic, anniversary.

Indicate all possible hyphenation options for the word “opening”.

10. Execute phonetic analysis of the following words.

Shine, bench, soft.

Option 2

1. In which word are all consonants voiced?

a) frost; c) suddenly;

b) deep; d) resentment.

2. Which word or combination of words does not have the sound [s]?

a) compass; c) personal;

b) at the institute; d) live.

3. In which series of words are there more sounds than letters?

a) weeds, only; c) rain, south;

b) at night, south; d) singing, furious.

4. In which series do all words have the sound [k]?

a) suddenly, soft; c) circumference, mileage;

b) throw, towards the house; d) get down to business, ride.

5. Which words do not have the sound [zh]?

a) life, book; c) landscape, friendship;

b) defector, guard; d) spread, juggle!

6. Which word has no sound [ j]?

a) jasper; c) soldering;

b) borrow; d) Jamaica.

7. Which word is stressed incorrectly? Correct the mistake

a) provision; c) uncork;

b) grow moldy; d) scoop.

a) terrace; c) test;

b) timbre; d) sandwich.

9. Divide words into syllables.

Outline, Saturday, notorious, kid, take.

Indicate all possible options for moving the elephant “outline”.

Light, eaten, whirlpool.

Option 3

1. In which words are all consonants unvoiced?

a) shore; c) swing;

b) rich; d) write it down.

2. Which word or combination of words does not have the sound [s]?

a) flimsy; c) uninteresting;

b) everyday; d) nation.

3. Which word has more letters than sounds?

a) meat; c) fight;

b) drinks; d) Christmas tree.

4. In what word does stunning occur?

a) match; c) globe;

b) grass; d) do.

5. Which word does not have the sound [d]?

a) a gift; c) door;

b) drive up; d) disaster.

6. Which word does not have a consonant sound [у]?

a) loader; c) pilot;

b) cab driver; d) sawyer.

7. And which word is stressed incorrectly? Correct the mistake

a) scanty; c) Augustovsky;

b) catalogue; d) they call.

8. In which word is the highlighted consonant pronounced softly?

a) academy; c) disorient;

b) soundboard; d) thesis.

9. Divide words into syllables.

Departure, steelworks, trapper, antique, background.

Indicate all possible options for hyphenating the word “background”.

10. Perform a phonetic analysis of the following words.

Singing, book, swimming.

Codifier

Analysis scheme