Lesson based on the novel by D. Defoe "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe". Presentation by D. Defoe "Robinson Crusoe" presentation for a literature lesson (grade 5) on the topic Presentation on the topic Robinson Crusoe

Daniel Defoe (c.1660-1731)

This name ranks among the best writers not only in England, but probably in the whole world.

A merchant and traveler, advisor to kings and governments, secret agent in England and Scotland, father of many children and a rich man, he was persecuted by the authorities more than once, and was pilloried several times.

and were even imprisoned for pamphlets ridiculing the political system .

Parents' dream

The father decided to make a son

religious preacher

Education

He studied at J. Fisher's school in Dorking, then at the Academy, which trained pastors for the Presbyterian Church.

Entrepreneur Daniel Defoe

In 1681 he began to compose religious poetry, but soon became involved in commercial activities.

For some time he traded in Spain and traveled extensively throughout Western Europe. At one time, Daniel Defoe was the owner of a hosiery factory, then first a manager, and then the owner of a brick and tile factory.

It is known that in the period before 1685, on the way between Harwich and Holland, Defoe was captured by Algerian pirates, but soon he was allegedly ransomed.

Bankruptcy

In 1684 Defoe married Mary Tuffley, who bore him eight children. The wife also brought a dowry of £3,700.

Public punishment

Defoe was sentenced to seven years in prison, a fine and three times pillory. However, the punishment turned into a triumph for the writer: Defoe was showered with flowers.

Air Crow

Defoe - editor

Defoe began editing the Review, a periodical published from 1704 to 1713, most often every three weeks. Of all Defoe's political writings, his comments in the Review are the best known.

In 1719, without stopping his active journalistic work, Defoe began to write prose.

It is no secret that Defoe was the head of intelligence, operating under the patronage of the Speaker of the House of Commons, and then the Earl of Oxford, Robert Harley.

"Adventures Robinson Crusoe"

One of the most famous novels by Daniel Defoe is “The Adventure of Robinson Crusoe”.

The full title of the novel is “The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, who lived for 28 years all alone on an uninhabited island off the coast of America near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was thrown out by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew of the ship, except him, died , with an account of his unexpected liberation by pirates, written by himself"

First edition of the novel.

On the left is an engraving of Clark and Pine,

redrawn by Jean Granville in 1840

Prototype

In 1712, the book of the English captain Rogers, “A Voyage Around the World,” was published in London, which told about the incident that happened on January 31, 1709: “...We approached the island of Juan Fernandez. Our boat brought to the ship a man dressed in goatskins, which had a wilder appearance than their original owners. He lived on the island for four years and four months. It was a Scotsman named Alexander Selkirk."

Returning to his homeland, Selkirk said: “Now I have capital, but I will never again be as happy as in those days...”

Geographical location of the islands

Island

Alexandra Selkirk

Alexander Selkirk

In October 1704, Selkirk, after a quarrel with the captain of the galleon Cinque Ports, was landed on the deserted island of Mas a Tierra or Aquas Buenas (now called Robinson Crusoe), part of the Juan Fernandez archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, 640 kilometers from the coast of Chile.

Alexander Selkirk/

Alexander Selkirk (1676-1721)

Alexander Selkirk born in 1676 in the town of Largo, located in one of the cozy coastal corners of Scotland on the shores of the North Sea, in the family of a shoemaker. In the workshop, where from an early age he had to help his elders, he was bored. But he was irresistibly drawn to the Red Lion tavern, located not far from their house. Experienced people gathered here, “sea wolves”, who had seen fairy-tale lands and seen plenty of various wonders there.

Robinson Crusoe Island (the old name of Robinson Crusoe Island is Mas a Tierra Island)

The Pacific rocky island of Robinson Crusoe, 22 kilometers long and 7 kilometers wide, is located

667 kilometers away

west of the Chilean city of Valparaiso.

Story

Alexandra Selkirk

Story

1. Born in 1711.

Robinson Crusoe

1. Born in 1632.

2. Born in Largo (Scotland).

2. Born in York (England).

3. After being captured by pirates, he himself became a pirate.

4.He went on a voyage as a boatswain for gold.

3. After being captured by pirates, he was sold into slavery and escaped a few years later.

4. He set sail as a co-owner of the ship for slaves.

5. He came to the island of his own free will because of enmity with the captain of the ship.

5. I came to the island after a shipwreck.

6. Lived on the island for 4.5 years.

6. Lived on the island for 28 years.

7. Was rescued by a randomly visiting ship.

8. A few years later he re-entered the service and died.

7. Was rescued by a ship captured by pirates (helped the captain regain control of his ship).

8. Became a rich man and decided to stay in England.

Novel about Robinson

The famous novel “The Life, Extraordinary and Wonderful Adventures of Robinson Crusoe” was written by Defoe in his 58th year and was published on April 25, 1719. The book sold out instantly, and new editions were needed. During 1719 alone, the novel was published four times.

First of all

"Robinson Crusoe" is an adventure novel. This is a fascinating story about a man who thirsted for adventure and fled from his parents' home in order to entrust his fate to the game of chance that involved dangerous journeys on land and sea.

Novel about Robinson

• Not everyone knows that the story of the life of Robinson Crusoe turned into a literary epic consisting of three parts.
• In the second part (1720), called “The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe” and received much more coolly by the public, the hero once again goes on his wanderings: he visits his favorite island, makes a trip around the world, at the end of which he finds himself in distant and mysterious Russia.
• The third part of the epic, entitled “Serious Reflections During the Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Including His Visions of the Angelic World” (1721), is not a complete work of fiction, but rather an essay on socio-philosophical and religious topics.

Illustrations to the novel

Illustrations to the novel

Remember the full title of the novel about Robinson Crusoe.

(“The life and amazing adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York. He lived twenty-eight years all alone on an uninhabited island off the coast of America, near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was thrown by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew died. Except for him alone, with an account of his unexpected liberation by pirates, written by himself")

Moderatomoderatorr

2.Who was the prototype of Robinson Crusoe?

(Scottish sailor and boatswain Alexander

Selkirk, who lived on the uninhabited island of Mas a Tierra, 400 kilometers from Chile, for more than four years.)

4. How old was Robinson Crusoe when he first went on a sea voyage?

5. The English of the 17th-18th centuries sometimes heard from sailors about people who lived for some time on uninhabited islands; name the reason why one could be a resident of the island.

(The English fleet had a cruel custom of leaving sailors who had done something wrong on the islands.)

6. What animals did you take?

from R. Crusoe's ship?

1. Two cats and a dog.

2. Guinea pigs.

3. Parrot.

Two cats and a dog

8. Shortly before the end of his life on the island, R. Crusoe saved a savage from death. What was his name?

1Saturday.

2. Monday.

3. Friday.

3. Friday.

7. What phrase did R. Crusoe teach the parrot first?

1. “Poor, poor Robinson. Where did you end up? 2. “Robinson was born in England. I want to go home". 3. “We will return home.”

• “Poor, poor Robinson.

Where did you end up?

9. Who did Robinson take with him when he left the island?

1. Cat and dog. 2. Friday and the parrot. 3. Friday and the dog.

Friday and a parrot.

10. How many years have you lived?

on the island of R. Crusoe?

1. 28 years old. 2. 32 years old. 3. 15 years old.

How many trips to the ship did Robinson Crusoe make?

twelve

What clothes did Robinson Crusoe wear?

In the first three years I wore

shirt and trousers,

then I sewed my own clothes

from the skins of the dead

im animals

Why did Robinson sew his umbrella and clothes with the fur on the outside?

So that rainwater can

flow down the fur as if down an inclined plane

Where did Robinson spend his first night on the island?

On the tree.

He was afraid of wild animals

From time immemorial, books have been a source of knowledge and information about the world around us. Proverbs and sayings reflect the philosophical wisdom of the people about the role of books and reading in people's lives. A book is a man's friend. Books don't tell, but they tell the truth. A book is a book, but move your mind. The book decorates in happiness, and consoles in misfortune.

I really like the hero of Valentin Rasputin's story "French Lessons". The writer shows a gifted boy whose life is difficult. The willpower of a child is amazing. I was surprised by the boy’s phrase that he couldn’t imagine coming to school without learning some lesson. What's going on at school today? Many guys don’t do their homework for months, relying on their comrades and desk neighbors to let them copy and help on the test. There are many books, they teach us science and help us navigate life. I love reading books, it helps with my studies.

I would advise all my peers to read Daniel Defoe's book "The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Robinson Crusoe." I am sure that my opinion will coincide with the opinion of people of older generations, because this book has been read for more than three hundred years, and interest in it has not waned. I think this book will appeal to everyone: lovers of adventure and fantasy, and those who are interested in the real lives of people and want to learn to understand their character and actions, and those who love descriptions of travel and distant wanderings. Defoe's book has it all! After all, it is written based on real events.

Brief summary of the book “The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York. The life and amazing adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, who lived twenty-eight years all alone on an uninhabited island off the coast of America, near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was thrown by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew of the ship, except him, died, with an account his unexpected release by pirates, written by himself.

Born into the family of a Presbyterian meat merchant, he trained to become a pastor, but was forced to abandon his church career. After graduating from Newington Academy, where he studied Greek and Latin and classical literature, he became a clerk at a wholesale hosiery merchant. On trade matters he often visited Spain and France, where he became acquainted with the life of Europe and improved his languages. Subsequently, he himself was at one time the owner of a hosiery production and then first the manager and then the owner of a large brick and tile factory, but he went bankrupt. In general, Defoe was an entrepreneur-businessman with an adventurous streak, a type common in that era. He was also one of the most active politicians of his time. A talented publicist, pamphleteer and publisher, he, without officially holding any public office, at one time had a great influence on the king and the government

“Robinson Crusoe” Robinson Crusoe is the brightest example of the so-called adventurous sea genre, the first manifestations of which can be found in English literature of the 16th century. The development of this genre, which reached its maturity in the 18th century, was determined by the development of English merchant capitalism. The story of Selkirk, who actually existed, caused a lot of noise at that time and was, of course, known to Defoe. The appearance of travel descriptions is primarily due to production and economic necessity, the need to acquire skills and experience in navigation and colonization. These books were used as guides. Based on them, geographical maps were corrected, and judgments were made about the economic and political profitability of acquiring one or another colony.

The role of the book After reading the book “Robinson Crusoe”, I realized that you have to be hardworking, otherwise you can die if you find yourself in a difficult life situation. Robinson Crusoe was hardworking and, thanks to this, he survived on the island. Robinson Crusoe was very patient. He waited for the ship to pick him up, knowing that he could not make the raft himself. He also tamed the savage and gave him the name Friday. They became fast friends, helping each other survive in difficult conditions. I would also like to have more loyal and true friends in my life.

became Alexander Selkirk. The writer changed a lot in the history of Selkirk, but the fiction turned out to be more convincing than the truth.

The Story of Alexander Selkirk

The Story of Robinson Crusoe

1. Born in 1711.

1. Born in 1632.

2. Born in Largo (Scotland).

2. Born in York (England).

3. After being captured by pirates, he himself became a pirate.

3. After being captured by pirates, he was sold into slavery and escaped a few years later.

4.He went on a voyage as a boatswain for gold.

4. He set sail as a co-owner of the ship for slaves.

5. He came to the island of his own free will because of enmity with the captain of the ship.

5. I came to the island after a shipwreck.

6. Lived on the island for 4.5 years.

6. Lived on the island for 28 years.

7. Was rescued by a randomly visiting ship.

7. Was rescued by a ship captured by pirates (helped the captain regain control of his ship).

8. A few years later he re-entered the service and died.

8. Became a rich man and decided to stay in England.

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Lesson objectives:

Educational:

• To promote the education of a comprehensively developed, harmonious personality who respects man, his capabilities and is capable of perceiving and comprehending works of art, forming a humanistic worldview of students.

Educational:

• To promote the development of interest in the literature of the Enlightenment, as well as in such a genre in world literature as “Robinsonade”. Help develop speech skills, comparative analysis skills.

Promote the development of imaginative, abstract thinking.

• Educational:

To introduce students to the biography and main stages of D. Defoe’s work, to give an idea of ​​the peculiarities of the English writer’s work in the context of the Enlightenment, to achieve mastery of the literary text of the novel “The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe” in the unity of form and content.<Приложение 1 >Equipment: computer; multimedia projector; Microsoft Power Point presentation<Приложение 2 >; Handout

, portrait of Daniel Defoe, illustrations of students for the novel by Daniel Defoe.

Lesson steps

Teacher. So, today we will continue the conversation about English literature of the Enlightenment, about the great English writer Daniel Defoe and his immortal book “The Adventure of Robinson Crusoe”. The life of Daniel Defoe is amazing, full of unusual and exciting adventures and challenges.

A story about the life and work of Daniel Defoe using the presentation "Daniel Defoe"<Приложение 1, часть 1>. Comments by teacher and students in English.

Teacher. Defoe was, of course, a prominent representative of his era. He managed to organize many business ventures, many of which were, alas, unsuccessful. He survived the worship of his contemporaries and old age in poverty, the persecution of creditors and the fame of a talented publicist, combined with a mysterious and even scandalous reputation. He was a master of literary mystification, often allowing himself to anonymously argue with himself in print. Finally, he gained fame as a fearless intelligence officer who carried out very delicate and responsible assignments. However, Defoe gained true fame only at the age of 60, when he published a novel that brought him worldwide fame. And indeed, the novel reflected the writer’s rich experience, his affinity for documentary, passion for adventure, and delight at the sight of endlessly expanding trading horizons. It was about this novel that the great enlightener Rousseau wrote the words we took as an epigraph to today’s lesson. (Students read the epigraph.) We will return to the discussion of the meaning of the novel at the end of the lesson, when we summarize its results.

Teacher. So, what is the story behind the creation and publication of the novel? Teacher's story using presentation materials<Приложение 1, часть 2>.

Teacher. The novel was written at the beginning of the 18th century. This century went down in history as the Age of Enlightenment. Of course, being an energetic and enterprising person who was not indifferent to the events taking place around him, Defoe could not help but pay attention to the main features of this era when creating the image of the main character. What are these ideas? (Student's story based on card 2 of the handout).

II. lesson stage. Working with the text of a work. Conversation with students on proposed issues based on the text of the novel.

Teacher. In the novel The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Robinson himself tells the story of his life. We get to know the hero long before he gets to the island.

Why do you think Defoe makes Robinson the narrator, rather than narrating the hero’s life himself?

This is how the author achieves greater expressiveness of the narrative, a lively, direct form, simplicity and artlessness. Defoe emphasizes the hopelessness of the hero's situation. The novel certainly shows realistic authenticity and sincerity.

What family was Robinson born into? How did his parents raise him? What was the most important thing Robinson had to learn as a child? Do his parents teach him to work? Is Robinson ready for any activity?

Robinson grew up in a bourgeois family who made his fortune through trade. He was not trained for any trade. His head was “filled with all sorts of nonsense.” Father believed that Robinson should stick to the “middle”.

Why does Robinson decide to run away from his parents' house? What is the reason for his choice? Does Robinson hear his father's entreaties? Is the behavior of the novel’s hero, who decided to quench his “passion for the sea,” reasonable?

He dreams of sea voyages and “didn’t want to hear about anything else.” No, he doesn’t hear anyone, he doesn’t accept anyone’s persuasion.

What happens to the hero next? How does he end up in America and what does he do there? Can the hero's behavior be called reasonable? What passion has taken possession of the hero completely, completely? When does everything fall apart in Robinson's life? Why does Defoe choose this particular plot device?

Students tell the story of Robinson Crusoe's life until he came to the island. Robinson was completely possessed by the passion for enriching himself beyond measure, which in the 17th century was considered the most destructive for a person. For the sake of profit, Robinson is even capable of trading people, forgetting the Christian commandments. For this he was severely punished. Everything falls apart when Crusoe decides to buy slaves from Guinea. This is a well-deserved punishment for inhumane behavior contrary to human nature. ":I was still destined to be the culprit of all my misfortunes:". ":I have never been distinguished by prudence:".

Teacher. Thus, Robinson is a typical bourgeois, formed under the influence of certain social relations. He is characterized by business acumen, common sense, practicality, prudence, and interests of profit. He is reasonable and wants to choose his own destiny. As a writer of the Enlightenment, the author decides to conduct a kind of experiment on his hero, on human nature. The bourgeois, endowed with reason and passion, finds himself face to face with the wild, pristine nature of an uninhabited island. He, now a “natural man,” must act according to his “nature” and the dictates of reason. Robinson will have to reveal the possibilities of man, point out the purpose of the individual in the vast world, in nature and, of course, in society. That is why life on the island is at the center of the novel, which is emphasized by the composition of the novel.

So, Robinson Crusoe turns out to be the only survivor of the shipwreck. How does he decide to move on with his life? What does Robinson Crusoe take from the wrecked ship on the island? Why does the author consider it necessary to provide his hero with these things?

Students list items that seem necessary to the hero on the island, supporting the answer with quotes.

How do you feel about money? What does he think about the money he finds on the ship? Does he need them? How are Robinson Crusoe's statements related to the ideas of the era?

“Unnecessary trash!...You’re not even worth bending down and picking you up from the floor. I’m ready to give this whole pile of gold for any of these knives.” However, then he still takes them with him to the island. A person is valuable in himself.

What else do we learn about Robinson?

He believes in God. In the most difficult moments, the voice of reason speaks in him. "Having listened to the voice of reason, I began to come to terms with my situation." “Reason is the basis and source of mathematics, and therefore, by defining and changing things with reason and making the most reasonable judgment about them, everyone can, after a certain time, master any craft.” He masters many crafts “thanks to hard work and diligence.”

Teacher. Robinson finds himself on an island where he will spend many, many years. The island is not Defoe’s invention, but a real geographical object, which, however, the author knew about only from books and which he had no idea at all. However, when describing the island, Defoe creates vivid pictures of southern nature and emphasizes the uniqueness of each season. How does Robinson Crusoe see the desert island?

Students select quotes describing the island.

What keeps Robinson Crusoe alive in his loneliness? How did he assess his situation? What does he consider good and what is evil? Let's try to analyze the list compiled by Robinson?

Analysis of a passage from the novel in which Robinson Crusoe tries to console himself with the fact that “worse could have happened, and contrasted good with evil.” Work, religion, patience, prudence, common sense. Robinson "worked tirelessly."

How is he trying to manage his farm and adapt to life on the island? Defoe is a master of descriptions, so he reproduces the smallest details of the hero's life on the island. In particular, the author describes in detail the process of manufacturing a particular item. Find such descriptions.

Robinson learned a lot on the island, such as making and maintaining a fire and making candles from goat fat. Crusoe was also able to feed himself, for example, by making cheese and butter from goat's milk. The hero tries to make dishes from clay, furniture, and improves his home. On the island he learned to process hides, weave baskets, cultivate the land, grow grain, and bake bread. Students give examples from the text to describe what Robinson learned. Robinson even begins a new calendar on the island, because he is cut off from the world.

What feature of the worldview of the people of the Enlightenment do you think was revealed in such detailed descriptions? Could you, for example, fire a pot yourself following this description?

Absolutely yes. Defoe strives to show life in plausible forms, shows how a person, finding himself alone with nature, was able not only to survive, but also to understand the world around him, to acquire many important skills through trial and error.

Does Robinson Crusoe change on the island?

He learned not to grumble at fate, but to take everything for granted, to live and not to exist, and not to give in to despondency.

On the island, Robinson keeps a diary and meticulously records in it everything that happens to him, not only with the external side of his life, but also inside him, in his soul, in his thoughts, in his feelings, in his moods. Why do you think he does this?

It is important for Robinson Crusoe to analyze everything that is happening. He is in constant search of himself, his purpose, in search of truth.

Let's turn now to card 1< Приложение 2>. Can we agree with this portrayal of Robinson Crusoe? Do the concepts included in the list correspond to the stages that Robinson goes through in his life on Island?

Undoubtedly. Defoe sets up an experiment, showing that reason, hard work, optimism, and faith in God help to find a way out of the most difficult situation in which a person finds himself. These are educational ideas. Defoe shows the evolution of man, who begins his life on the island from an almost primitive state and equally primitive activities. He introduces a new calendar. He thinks, evaluates his actions, analyzes human nature. Robinson repeats the path of humanity in evolutionary development. That is why the novel acquires a generalized meaning and becomes an allegory.

Teacher. Of course, in the story of Robinson's life on the island, readers guess the author's idea of ​​human life, of the history of mankind, the main stages of development of which take place on Crusoe Island. For Defoe, the most important starting point is the individual, whose importance in historical and evolutionary development cannot be overestimated. This is a reflection of educational ideas, although perhaps not entirely consistent with the truth of history. Can we agree that the story of Robinson's life on the island begins with a "clean slate"?

No, because he takes some of the things created by man and humanity to a desert island from a shipwrecked ship.

Teacher. What stages of Robinson's life on the island have we not yet mentioned?

About Robinson the slave owner, about the colonization of the island. These are the stages of Robinson’s life that are no less important for understanding the writer’s ideological plan. For example, a meeting with Friday helps to understand how Robinson feels about savages and what from the hero’s past life contributes to such a perception.

So, Robinson sees a human footprint... Meeting Friday. Does Robinson's attitude towards his servant change throughout the novel?

At first, Robinson Crusoe perceives Friday as just a humble servant, a slave. The first word he teaches the rescued savage is the word “master.” Robinson is pleased with “humble gratitude,” “endless devotion,” and humility on Friday. However, when the hero gets to know Friday better, he realizes that he has mental alertness, “mental abilities.” Crusoe sees that the savage is helpful, intelligent, and receptive. Finally, Robinson notices that Friday understands everything he is taught. Despite the many casuistic questions that arise, Friday even joins religion. ": if God is so strong, so strong, like the devil, why doesn't God kill the devil and make sure he doesn't do any more evil?" Robinson sincerely becomes attached to the recent savage, slave, servant. "I became attached to him with all my heart, and he, for his part, fell in love with me." He is raising him.

How did Robinson subsequently manage the colony on his island? How would you comment on such a social structure from the perspective of the ideas of the Enlightenment?

III. lesson stage. Generalization of the material. Summing up the lesson.

Teacher. Thus, Daniel Defoe's novel, which tells the story of Robinson Crusoe's life on the island, is undoubtedly imbued with educational ideas: it glorifies reason, hard work, and optimism. Life on the island made the man, whose head was “filled with all sorts of nonsense,” reasonable. He gained knowledge, life experience, and learned a lot. Let's go back to card 2 again.< Приложение 2>. Indeed, the novel became a true manifesto of the Enlightenment. It was in him that the European reader saw a hero-worker, whose free, all-conquering creative mind, even on a desert island, is in constant search of itself, its purpose, in search of truth. Thus, Robinson Crusoe, alone, in communication with nature, faces the need to constantly educate his character.

Let's return to the epigraph of the lesson. Can we agree with the words of J. J. Rousseau?

Daniel Defoe's novel is also highly appreciated in terms of its genre specificity. Let's turn to card 3<Приложение 2>. Prove that this characterization of the novel is legitimate.

With the light hand of Defoe, the “Robinsonade” genre entered world literature. I suggest looking at card 4<Приложение 2>. Are these works familiar to you? I hope that the lesson dedicated to Defoe’s novel will make each of you take a fresh look at the history of man’s survival on a desert island, the history of his relationship with nature, and the search for the meaning of his own existence.

IV. lesson stage. Homework.

A written response to a general question. What features of the Enlightenment do you see in the novel? What is the allegorical nature of the novel?