Physics test on the topic “Radioactivity as evidence of the complex structure of atoms. Atom models
Radioactivity and radiation hazardous objects
Exercise 1
Question:
What is radioactivity?
1) This is the ability of certain substances to emit harmful radiation
2) This is the phenomenon of spontaneous transformation of some atomic nuclei into others,
accompanied by the emission of particles and electromagnetic radiation
3) This is a phenomenon that allows the use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes
Task #2
Question:
What contributes to natural background radiation?
1) Emissions produced by nuclear power plants
2) Solar radiation
3) Some elements contained in the Earth
Task #3
Question:
What is a radiation hazardous object?
Choose one of 3 answer options:
1) This is any object containing radioactive substances
2) This is an object that has been subjected to radioactive contamination
3) This is an object where they are used, stored, processed or
transport radioactive substances
Task #4
Question:
Examples of radiation hazardous objects are:
Select several of 4 answer options:
1
1) Nuclear power plant
2) Radioactive waste disposal sites
3) Enterprises using hazardous chemicals
4) Object exposed to radiation contamination
Task #5
Question:
How is an accident at the ROO classified, in which a significant
release of radioactive substances and evacuation of the population within a radius of 25 is required
km?
1) Accident with environmental risk
2) Serious incident
3) Serious accident
4) Global accident
Task #6
Question:
What is a radiation accident?
Choose one of 3 answer options:
1) This is the release of radioactive substances into the environment
2) This is a violation of the activities of any RPO
3) This is an accident at a radiation hazardous facility that leads to a release or
release of radioactive products or the appearance of ionizing radiation in
quantities exceeding the established standards for a given object
Task #7
Question:
Choose a substance that is not radioactive
Choose one of 4 answer options:
1) Uranus
2) Plutonium
3) Radon
4) Argon
2
Task #8
Question:
Rank the types of accidents by severity, starting with the most severe.
Indicate the order of all 4 answer options:
__ Serious accident
__ Accident with environmental risk
__ Serious incident
__ Global accident
Task #9
Question:
What characterizes such a quantity as half-life?
Choose one of 3 answer options:
1) Time to reduce the activity of radioactive radiation by half
2) The frequency with which a radioactive substance decays
3) Time during which the natural radiation background is halved
Task #10
Question:
Which of the following is not ROO?
Choose one of 4 answer options:
1) Naval ship scrapping sites
2) Oil industry enterprises
3) Uranium mining enterprises
4) Research nuclear reactors
Answers:
1) (1 b.) Correct answers: 2;
2) (1 b.) Correct answers: 2; 3;
3) (1 b.) Correct answers: 3;
4) (1 b.) Correct answers: 1; 2;
5) (1 b.) Correct answers: 3;
6) (1 b.) Correct answers: 3;
7) (1 b.) Correct answers: 4;
8) (1 b.) Correct answers:
Flow of helium nuclei;
Neutron flux.
What radiation poses a threat during a nuclear explosion?
92 U 238 ?
92; 2) 238; 3) 146; 4) 52.
Polonium isotope nucleus 84 Po 208 emits an alpha particle. What element is formed?
84 Po 208 ; 2) 8 5 At 208 ; 3) 8 2 Pb 20 4 ; 4) 8 0 Hg 20 0 .
Strontium core 38 Sr 90 has undergone beta decay. Determine the number of neutrons in the newly formed nucleus. What is this element?___________________________
Neptunium isotope nucleus 93 Np 237 83 Po 213 . Determine the number of α-decays. _________________
Over 16 hours, the activity of the radioactive element decreased by 4 times. What is the half-life?________________________
34 Se 79 ? _ ___________________
Option 2.
Which scientist discovered the radioactive element polonium?
Boron; 2) Rutherford; 3) Becquerel; 4) Skladovskaya-Curie.
What is γ-radiation?
Flow of electrons at different speeds;
Flow of helium nuclei;
High energy photon flux;
Neutron flux.
Which radiation has the greatest penetrating power?
α; 2) β; 3) γ; 4) neutron radiation.
How many nucleons are there in a uranium nucleus? 92 U 238 ?
92; 2) 238; 3) 146; 4) 52.
Polonium isotope nucleus 84 Po 208 emits 2 alpha particles. What element is formed?
84 Po 208 ; 2) 8 5 At 208 ; 3) 8 2 Pb 20 4 ; 4) 8 0 Hg 20 0 .
Strontium core 38 Sr 90 has undergone alpha decay. Determine the number of neutrons in the newly formed nucleus. What is this element?___________________________
Radius of action of nuclear forces? __________________________________________
Neptunium isotope nucleus 93 Np 237 having undergone a series of alpha and beta decays it turned into a bismuth nucleus 83 Po 213 . Determine the number of beta decays. ____________________
Over 16 hours, the activity of the radioactive element decreased by 8 times. What is the half-life? _____________________________________________________
What is the approximate specific binding energy of a selenium nucleus? 34 Se 79 ? ______________
Option 3.
Which scientist discovered the 3 components of radioactive radiation?
Boron; 2) Rutherford; 3) Becquerel; 4) Skladovskaya-Curie.
What is β radiation?
Flow of electrons at different speeds;
Flow of helium nuclei;
High energy photon flux;
Neutron flux.
What kind of radiation can be stopped with a sheet of paper?
α; 2) β; 3) γ; 4) neutron radiation.
How many neutrons are contained in the uranium nucleus 92 U 238 ?
92; 2) 238; 3) 146; 4) 52.
Polonium isotope nucleus 84 Po 208 emits a γ particle. What element is formed?
84 Po 208 ; 2) 8 5 At 208 ; 3) 8 2 Pb 20 4 ; 4) 8 0 Hg 20 0 .
Strontium core 38 Sr 90 has undergone beta decay and alpha decay. Determine the number of neutrons in the newly formed nucleus. What is this element?_________________
Radius of action of nuclear forces? __________________________________________
Neptunium isotope nucleus 93 Np 237 having undergone a series of alpha and beta decays it turned into a polonium nucleus 84 Po 213 _________________________
Over 16 hours, the activity of the radioactive element decreased by 2 times. What is the half-life?_________________________________
What is the approximately binding energy of a bromine nucleus? 35 Br 79 ?_______________________
Option 4.
Which scientist proved that the nucleus contains 99.9% of the mass of an atom?
Boron; 2) Rutherford; 3) Becquerel; 4) Skladovskaya-Curie.
What is α radiation?
Flow of electrons at different speeds;
Flow of helium nuclei;
High energy photon flux;
Neutron flux.
What radiation poses a threat during a thermonuclear explosion?
α; 2) β; 3) γ; 4) neutron radiation.
How many more neutrons than protons are there in the uranium nucleus? 92 U 238 ?
92; 2) 238; 3) 146; 4) 52.
Polonium isotope nucleus 84 Po 208 emits a beta particle. What element is formed?
84 Po 208 ; 2) 8 5 At 208 ; 3) 8 2 Pb 20 4 ; 4) 8 0 Hg 20 0 .
Strontium core 38 Sr 90 underwent 2 beta decays. Determine the number of neutrons in the newly formed nucleus. What is this element?___________________________
Radius of action of nuclear forces? __________________________________________
Neptunium isotope nucleus 93 Np 237 having undergone a series of alpha and beta decays it turned into a bismuth nucleus 82 Pb 213 . Determine the number of β-decays. ________________________
Over 6 hours, the activity of the radioactive element decreased by 4 times. What is the half-life? ____________________________________________________
What is the approximately binding energy of a selenium nucleus? 34 Se 82 ? _ ______________________
Option5 .
Which scientist explained the radiation of an atom?
Boron; 2) Rutherford; 3) Becquerel; 4) Skladovskaya-Curie.
What is α radiation?
Flow of electrons at different speeds;
Flow of helium nuclei;
High energy photon flux;
Neutron flux.
Where does the electron come from in the β-radioactive nucleus?
___________________________________________________________________
How many protons are there in the uranium nucleus? 92 U 238 ?
92; 2) 238; 3) 146; 4) 0.
Polonium isotope nucleus 84 Po 208 emits a γ particle and an α particle. What element is formed?
84 Po 208 ; 2) 8 5 At 208 ; 3) 8 2 Pb 20 4 ; 4) 8 0 Hg 20 0 .
Strontium core 38 Sr 90 has undergone 2 beta decays and 2 alpha decays. Determine the number of neutrons in the newly formed nucleus. What is this element?_____________
Radius of action of nuclear forces? __________________________________________
Neptunium isotope nucleus 93 Np 237 having undergone a series of alpha and beta decays it turned into a bismuth nucleus 83 Po 213 . Determine the number of β-decays.
Over 8 hours, the activity of the radioactive element decreased by 4 times. What is the half-life?
What is the approximately binding energy of a selenium nucleus? 34 Se 76 ?
Option 1
- Translate the word "atom" from ancient Greek.
1) Small 3) Indivisible
2) Simple 4) Hard
- α radiation is
3) flow of neutral particles
- γ-radiation is
1) flow of positive particles
2) flow of negative particles
3) flow of neutral particles
4) none of the answers is correct
- What is α radiation?
1) Flow of helium nuclei
2) Proton flux
3) Electron flow
- What is γ-radiation?
1) Flow of helium nuclei
2) Proton flux
3) Electron flow
4) Electromagnetic waves of high frequency
- “An atom is a sphere with a positive charge uniformly distributed throughout its entire volume. There are electrons inside this ball. Each electron can perform vibrational movements. The positive charge of the ball is equal in magnitude to the total negative charge of the electrons, therefore the electric charge of the atom as a whole is zero.” Which scientist proposed such a model of the structure of the atom?
1) D. Thomson 3) A. Becquerel
- In Rutherford's experiment, α particles are scattered
1) electrostatic field of the atomic nucleus
2) electron shell of target atoms
3) gravitational field of the atomic nucleus
4) target surface
Radioactivity. Rutherford's experience.
Option 2
- Which scientist first discovered the phenomenon of radioactivity?
1) D. Thomson 3) A. Becquerel
2) E. Rutherford 4) A. Einstein
- β-radiation is
1) flow of positive particles
2) flow of negative particles
3) flow of neutral particles
4) none of the answers is correct
- In a strong magnetic field, a beam of radioactive radiation splits into three streams. What numbers in the figure indicate α, β and γ radiation?
1) 1 - α, 2 - β, 3 - γ
2) 1 - β, 2 - α, 3 - γ
3) 1 - α, 2 - γ, 3 - β
4) 1 - β, 2 - γ, 3 - α
- What is β radiation?
1) Secondary radioactive radiation at the beginning of a chain reaction
2) Flux of neutrons produced in a chain reaction
3) Electromagnetic waves
4) Electron flow
- At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, the phenomenon of radioactive decay was discovered, during which alpha particles were emitted from the nucleus. These experimental facts allowed us to put forward the hypothesis
A: about the complex structure of the atom
B: about the possibility of transforming some elements into others
1) only A 3) both A and B
2) only B 4) neither A nor B
- The planetary model of the atom is justified
1) calculations of the movement of celestial bodies
2) experiments on electrification
3) experiments on the scattering of α-particles
4) photographs of atoms in a microscope
- In Rutherford's experiment, most α-particles pass freely through the foil, practically without deviating from straight trajectories, because
1) the nucleus of an atom has a positive charge
2) electrons have a negative charge
3) the nucleus of an atom has small (compared to an atom) dimensions
4) α-particles have a large (compared to atomic nuclei) mass
Test "Atomic nucleus"
Option 1.
1. The figure shows models of atoms. What number marks Thomson's model of the atom?
A. 1 B. 2 IN. 3
2. In the Rutherford atomic model:
A. The positive charge is concentrated at the center of the atom, and the electrons revolve around it .
B. The negative charge is concentrated in the center of the atom, and the positive charge is distributed throughout the entire volume of the atom .
IN.
3. What number is marked on the diagram of Rutherford’s installation of the particle source?
A. 1 B. 2 IN. 3 G. 4
4. Electrons cannot change the trajectory - particles in Rutherford’s experiments, because
A. The charge of an electron is very small compared to the charge of a particle.
B. The mass of an electron is significantly less than the mass of a particle.
IN. An electron has a negative charge, and a particle has a positive charge.
6. He proposed a planetary model of the atom
A. Thomson.
B. Democritus
IN. Rutherford.
7. Rutherford's particle scattering experiment proves:
A.
B.
IN
Test "Atomic nucleus"
Option 2
Choose one correct statement.
1. The figure shows models of atoms. What number marks Rutherford's model of the atom?
A. 1 B. 2 IN. 3
2.In Thomson's atomic model:
A. The positive charge is concentrated at the center of the atom, and the electrons revolve around it .
B. The positive charge is concentrated at the center of the atom, and the stationary electrons are dispersed around it .
IN. The positive charge is dispersed throughout the entire volume of the atom, and electrons are interspersed in this positive sphere.
3. What charge does the particle have?
A. Negative. B. Positive. IN. Neutral.
4. What number on the diagram of Rutherford’s installation marks the foil in which the scattering of particles occurred?
A. 1 B. 2 IN. 3 G. 4
5. Democritus states:
A. An atom is the smallest indivisible particle of matter.
B. Atom is a “raisin cupcake”.
IN. At the center of the atom there is a small positive nucleus, and electrons move around it.
6. Which particle flies at a relatively large distance from the nucleus?7. Rutherford's particle scattering experiment proves
A. The complexity of radioactive radiation.
B. The ability of atoms of some chemical elements to spontaneously emit.
IN. The failure of Thomson's model of the atom.
