The plot of the work Anna Karenina. The prototype of Anna Karenina was the eldest daughter of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, Maria Hartung.

“All happy families are alike, each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way,” the famous work of Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy “Anna Karenina” begins with this phrase. Today this novel occupies a prominent place in the golden fund of world literature, but its creation was not at all easy for the author. He planned to write the book in just two weeks, but it ended up taking four years. In his hearts, the writer exclaimed: “I’m tired of my Anna like a bitter radish!”
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy at work. According to literary scholars, the idea of ​​​​creating the novel “Anna Karenina” was born to Tolstoy after reading one of the works of A. S. Pushkin. When the phrase “The guests were going to the dacha...” flashed before Lev Nikolayevich’s eyes, his imagination immediately began to draw the plot. As the writer himself noted: “I involuntarily, unintentionally, without knowing why or what would happen, I conceived of people and events, began to continue, then, of course, changed it, and suddenly it began so beautifully and coolly that a novel came out, which I have now finished in draft , the novel is very lively, hot and complete, which I am very pleased with and which will be ready, God willing, in two weeks.” Manuscript of Leo Tolstoy. However, Tolstoy was unable to write Anna Karenina so quickly. From a family and everyday affair, the novel grew into a socio-psychological one. Tolstoy began work in 1873. When several chapters of the work were ready, the writer took them to the Russian Messenger publication. Now he had to write a continuation of the novel in time for the release of each issue. Contemporaries recalled how difficult it was for Tolstoy. Often he set to work with inspiration, and it also happened that the writer shouted: “My Anna bores me like a bitter radish,” “Unbearably disgusting,” “My God, if only someone would finish Anna Karenina for me!” Only four years later the novel was ready.
Still from the film “Anna Karenina” (1914). Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy was about to breathe a sigh of relief, but the editor of the Russian Messenger, Mikhail Katkov, did not like the epilogue, and he did not allow it to be published. Instead of an epilogue, a note appeared in the magazine: “In the previous book, under the novel “Anna Karenina,” “The ending follows.” But with the death of the heroine, the novel actually ended. According to the author’s plan, there would have been a short two-page epilogue, from which readers could learn that Vronsky, in confusion and grief after Anna’s death, goes as a volunteer to Serbia and that everyone else is alive and well, while Levin remains in his village and is angry at the Slavs. committees and volunteers. The author, perhaps, will develop these chapters for a special edition of his novel.”
Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy was repeatedly reproached for the fact that the death of the main character was too cruel. The writer answered this quite wisely: “Once Pushkin said to his friend: “Imagine what kind of thing my Tatyana pulled out. She got married. I didn’t expect this from her.” I can say the same about Anna. My heroes do what they should do in real life, and not what I want.” Portrait of M. A. Hartung, daughter of A. S. Pushkin. E. Ustinov Literary scholars are still guessing about who became the prototype for the main character. Describing the appearance of Anna Karenina, Tolstoy imagined the daughter of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin: “Her hairstyle was invisible. Only noticeable, decorating her, were these willful short rings of curly hair, always sticking out at the back of her head and temples. There was a string of pearls on the chiseled strong neck.”
Still from the film “Anna Karenina” (1967). Tolstoy was aware of the family drama of his close friends, in which his wife filed for divorce and remarried. This was an unheard of resonance at that time. About a year before work on the novel began, not far from Yasnaya Polyana, a certain Anna Stepanovna Pirogova threw herself under a train, abandoned by her lover. The mutilated corpse made a strong impression on Tolstoy.
A photograph of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy at work. Thousands of readers eagerly awaited each issue of the Russian Messenger, but modern critics wrote dozens of angry reviews of Anna Karenina. Nikolai Nekrasov even sent Tolstoy a scathing epigram: Tolstoy, you proved with patience and talent, That a woman should not “walk” Neither with the chamber cadet, nor with the aide-de-camp, When she is a wife and mother.”

Biography, life story of Anna Karenina

Anna Arkadyevna Karenina is the heroine of the novel Anna Karenina.

Life story

Anna Karenina is a noble lady from St. Petersburg, the wife of Minister Alexei Alexandrovich Karenin. introduces us to Anna at the moment when she comes to her brother Stepan Oblonsky (Steve) in order to reconcile him with his wife. Stiva meets his sister at the station. At the same time, a young officer Alexei Kirillovich Vronsky arrives at the station (he was meeting his mother). Anna and Alexey pay attention to each other. However, the author does not allow the first emotions to completely overwhelm the characters. At the moment of the first meeting of Karenina and Vronsky, a misfortune happens - a train carriage accidentally drives back and kills the watchman. Anna Karenina, a married lady and a caring mother of her eight-year-old son Seryozha, considered this turn of events a bad sign.

The next meeting between Anna and Alexei takes place at the ball. There, some inexplicable chemistry flares up between them again. When Karenina returns to her native Petersburg, Vronsky, unconscious from the passion that has captured his mind, goes after her. There, Alexey Kirillovich becomes the shadow of Anna Karenina - he follows her every step, tries to constantly be next to her. At the same time, the officer is not at all embarrassed by the fact that Anna is married, and her husband is a man of high social status. On the contrary, Vronsky’s love grew stronger from the fact that his chosen one turned out to be a woman from high society.

Anna Karenina, who has never had anything but deep respect for her husband, falls in love with Alexei Vronsky. Falls in love and is ashamed of his vicious feelings. At first, Anna tries to escape from herself, return to her usual life and find peace of mind, but all her attempts at resistance ended in failure. A year after they met, Karenina becomes Vronsky’s mistress. Over time, the connection between Karenina and Vronsky becomes known throughout St. Petersburg. Alexei Karenin, having learned about his wife’s infidelity, punishes her in the most cruel way - he forces her to continue to play the role of his loving wife.

CONTINUED BELOW

After a short absence, Vronsky and Karenina return to St. Petersburg. There Anna Karenina sadly realizes that she is now a real outcast for secular society. But Vronsky, on the contrary, is happy to see in any company. Separation from her son caused Anna additional suffering. But on Seryozha’s birthday, Anna secretly sneaks into the boy’s bedroom. The meeting was very touching - mother and son cried with happiness. They wanted to say so much to each other, but they were unable to talk - a servant came into Seryozha’s room and said that Alexey Karenin would come in any minute. When the official entered the nursery, Anna ran away, leaving Seryozha sobbing.

Relations between Karenina and Vronsky gradually began to deteriorate. The attitude of society towards Anna also contributed to the fading of their warm feelings. High society pointed fingers at Anna, and some society ladies did not hesitate to publicly insult her. Tired of the constant pressure, Anna, Alexey and their little daughter Anya move to Vronsky’s estate. Far from the bustle of the city, Anna hoped to improve relations with her lover, however, Alexey himself tried to create all the conditions for his beloved. However, it was difficult for them to get along with each other. The officer regularly went to business meetings and social events in St. Petersburg, while Anna, like a leper, had to sit at home. Due to Vronsky's constant absences, Karenina begins to suspect him of treason. Scenes of jealousy became a mandatory addition to dinner in their home. At the same time, life is darkened by a protracted divorce process. In order to solve this problem, Anna and Alexey move to Moscow for a while. Earlier, Karenin promised that he would give Seryozha to Anna, but at the last moment he changed his mind. He did this solely to hurt the woman who betrayed him. Having learned that the court left Seryozha with her ex-husband, Anna almost went crazy with grief...

Lost, unhappy Anna Karenina argues more and more with Vronsky. One day Anna Karenina suspected him of intending to marry someone else. Tired of constant hysterics, Alexey goes to his mother. As soon as Vronsky left, Anna clearly felt a burning need for reconciliation with her beloved. She rushes after Vronsky to the station.

Arriving at the place, Anna Karenina remembers her first meeting with Vronsky, their timid glances at each other, that incomprehensible feeling that swallowed her up. Anna also remembered the watchman who died under the carriage. At that very second Anna understands - this is the solution to all problems! This is how she can wash away the shame and get rid of the constantly oppressive feeling of shame for her actions! This is how she, who has exhausted herself and those around her, will be able to throw off the burden that has already become unbearable! A second of delay - and Anna throws herself under an oncoming train.

After Anna’s death, Vronsky repented - late, senselessly, but he repented. Deciding to follow Karenina's example, Alexey began to look at death as a deliverance. He volunteers to go to war, hoping that he will never come back.

Prototype

Anna Karenina is an image created on the basis of three prototypes. The first is Maria Hartung, daughter

“Anna Karenina” is a poignant drama about eternal values. Schoolchildren are not assigned the book, and graduates often do not even know who wrote Anna Karenina. This first in Russian literature a work of such magnitude where the ethics and psychology of family life come to the fore. The so-called modern person, educated, not alien to civilization, no longer believes in God too much, is not too afraid of sin and often neglects traditional values: loyalty, duty, honor. The 19th century, following the Age of Enlightenment, introduced a frivolous attitude towards vice into society, and Leo Tolstoy depicts how these new types interact with those who remained faithful to Domostroevsky traditions.

There are three plot lines, and in no case should you think that one of them is the main one, and the others are secondary: the love of Anna and Vronsky, the love of Levin and Kitty, the dislike of Stiva and Dolly. All the characters are important, they all carry a semantic load, and there are no passable characters in the novel.

A summary of Tolstoy’s novel “Anna Kerenina” (if, of course, the word “brevity” is acceptable in relation to a masterpiece) can be stated as follows. Anna, a prosperous lady, married to a respected and worthy man and raising a passionately adored son, meets Vronsky, falls in love with him and embarks on the path of adultery. Since Vronsky was courting Kitty before meeting this fatal beauty, now there follows a break. And Kitty literally the day before refused Levin, who proposed to her, only because I was hoping for an offer from Vronsky. A whole tangle of tragedies.

Against the backdrop of these passions, Kitty's older sister Dolly quarrels with her flighty husband Stiva, again because of adultery. Stiva is Anna's brother, frivolity is their family trait. It is not for nothing that in the episode the author shows us their mother - a charming old woman who has something to tell about her young years. Anna, trying to reconcile the spouses, easily puts on any masks. She says one thing to her brother, but something completely different to Dolly.

But giving advice is not in her position. The longer her affair with Vronsky drags on, the more people find out about him, and now her husband is forced to remind her of decency. And, as if out of spite, Anna does not want to remember about decency. Karenin’s decision to divorce is by no means as easy as it is shown in a hundred film adaptations. Tolstoy made this hero a serious and thorough person. He solves a moral dilemma, he suffers because he has to take extreme measures, he went through all possible and impossible ways to solve this extremely delicate problem. And he forgives everything when his wife is near death due to childbed fever.

But Anna survived and again went to great lengths. During her illness, she became addicted to morphine. Moreover, she no longer wants to get a divorce. She wants to live with Vronsky and their common daughter, while remaining Karenin’s wife. No wonder Tolstoy called both of them - husband and lover - by the same name - Alexey. In conversations, she argues that she does not want to get a divorce by saying that in the event of a divorce, her husband will take her son, Seryozha, away from her. But Seryozha is already with his father, and his father in any case would not have allowed Anna to take him into her new family. And the daughter whom the heroine gave birth to from her lover cannot be said to have loved very much...

The climax comes not at all because of Seryozha, but because Vronsky allegedly began to love her less. She neglected the opinion of the world for his sake, and he is ashamed of her. Meanwhile, Vronsky buried his career because of this “inappropriate connection”, lost acquaintances and terribly complicated relations with his family. Because of a quarrel with her lover, because of an extra dose of morphine, because of a date with her son on his birthday, Anna is emotionally unstable throws himself under the train d. In deep repentance, Vronsky signs up as a volunteer and goes to fight in the Balkans.

The main characters of the novel and analysis of the ending

However, the epic novel does not end there. Tolstoy is also important to his other characters. Levin will still marry Kitty, and their marriage, no doubt, will be based on traditional values. Dolly forgave her husband, and not because he changed for the better, but because she is a good Christian and loves her children. One thing can be said with confidence that Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy is a powerful classic writer and “Anna Karenina” is one of his best works.

Moral side

It is these truths that are affirmed in Tolstoy’s novel, “Anna Karenina.” Under the pressure of ideologized morality, it was long believed that this was a novel about an advanced, sensitive woman who neglected the rotten conventions of a secular society, of course, thoroughly sanctimonious, for the sake of free love.

This point of view assumed that the author's sympathies were entirely on the side of Anna Karenina, but upon closer reading it turns out that this is not the case. All the author’s sympathies belong to Dolly, Kitty and Levin, and these heroes consider Anna to be false and immoral, and it is the author’s attitude that is expressed in this assessment.

The only one after Tolstoy and his novel “Anna Karenina” who wrote the most psychologically deep and detailed study is Natalya Vorontsova-Yuryeva, who in 2006 presented the article “Anna Karenina. Not God's creature."

Video.
The video contains interesting material about what time this work was written.

Year of publication of the book: 1875-1877

The writer worked on Leo Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina for four years, starting in 1873. The work almost immediately received the status of a classic of world literature. It has been translated into many languages ​​and filmed in several countries. Based on the work, plays, ballets and musicals were staged. The most recent film adaptation of the Anna Karenina novel was the 2017 Russian TV series Anna Karenina. The story of Vronsky."

Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina summary

Stepan Arkadyevich Oblonsky, a thirty-five-year-old civil servant, is caught by his wife in infidelity with their governess. Dolly (his wife) took this news too seriously. She wants to take six children and leave the house immediately. Stepan himself (aka Stiva) does not see anything wrong in his betrayal. He justifies his action by saying that he no longer loves his wife. Over all the years of their life together, Dolly has changed both externally and internally, so Stiva did not even think that his wife would react so painfully to the news of betrayal. He himself is currently awaiting the arrival of his sister, Anna Arkadyevna Karenina.

While working, Stepan Arkadyevich meets his longtime friend Konstantin Levin. He came for a reason. For a long time he has been in love with Kitty Shcherbatskaya, Dolly’s younger sister, and is soon going to propose to her. Levin is a landowner who lives in the province and farms. His great love for Kitty is also reinforced by the fact that the girl is from a respectable noble family, which Konstantin has respected since childhood. The friends got to talking and Stiva admitted that he approved of the marriage of Kitty and Konstantin and was happy for him.

Next, "Anna Karenina" the book describes Kitty as a young naive girl of eighteen years old. She has great sympathy for Levin, she likes to spend time with him and, of course, she cannot help but notice sympathy on his part. The situation becomes more complicated when Count Alexei Vronsky appears on the horizon. He begins to actively court the girl, although he does not want to marry her at all. All this becomes a difficult test for Kitty herself, who, due to her youth, cannot understand her feelings. She has affection for both Levin and Vronsky, but still understands that with Alexei she is guaranteed a good future. Having received an offer from Konstantin, she, as in, refuses him.

Further in Tolstoy’s novel “Anna Karenina” you can read about how the next day Count Vronsky goes to the station to meet his mother. There he meets Oblonsky, who is waiting for his sister to arrive. When the train arrives and the passengers get out of their carriages, Vronsky's gaze immediately falls on the beautiful stranger. She turns out to be Anna Arkadyevna Karenina. The woman also pays attention to the count. He catches the sparkle in her eyes and her smile. Suddenly, a drunken railway station guard falls under a train and dies. Anna sees this event as not a very good sign.

Stiva asks his sister to help him reconcile with his wife. Anna persuades Dolly not to leave the house. She calls on the woman to remember how happy the couple were in their marriage and assures her that Stepan is very sorry for what he did and does not intend to repeat such an act. Dolly agrees to give this relationship a second chance.

Kitty decides to visit the Oblonskys. She is fascinated by Anna, her manners, voice, grace. The young girl sees Karenina as the ideal woman. Soon Vronskikh appears. But as soon as Alexey finds out that Anna is in the house, he refuses to come in. With this action, Vronsky arouses suspicion among those present.

Anna goes to the ball with the Oblonsky and Shcherbatsky family. Kitty is fascinated by Anna's appearance. At the ball, Vronsky flirts with Kitty and invites her to dance. The girl becomes more and more fascinated by the count. She dreams of their future together. Suddenly, Kitty notices Alexei flirting with a woman in a black dress. She turns out to be Anna. From that moment until the end of the ball, Vronsky communicates and dances only with Karenina. Both feel that passion is arising between them, it is present in their every gesture, in every word. Anna informs Vronsky that tomorrow she is going back to St. Petersburg.

The very next day, on the train, Karenina notices the Count on the train. Vronsky tells Anna that he is going to St. Petersburg solely for her sake. Anna is confused: she doesn’t know where this romance will lead her, but she is unable to resist the feeling that is arising in her. She is met on the platform by her husband and eight-year-old son Seryozha. Karenina understands that she is not just indifferent to her husband. With every second around him, she feels a deep disgust for this man.

Alexey Alexandrovich Karenin works at the ministry. He is much older than his wife and by his nature is particularly unromantic, devoid of love for any form of art. He spends all his time either at work or reading newspapers or theological literature. Karenin loves his wife, but prefers to talk about his feelings infrequently.

Further in the novel “Anna Karenina” we can read about how in winter Kitty falls ill with tuberculosis. Doctors are confident that the disease manifested itself against the background of a nervous breakdown. All the girl’s relatives understand that the culprit is the betrayal of Count Vronsky. The Shcherbatskys decide that Kitty needs to unwind. They send her abroad to improve her health and forget about the grief that happened.

In St. Petersburg, Vronsky often meets with Anna. The count's cousin helps them with this. The entire secular society suspects Anna of treason, but Alexey Alexandrovich has no idea about anything. When Karenin's friends hint to him about his wife's infidelity, he wants to talk to Anna. Their conversation leads nowhere. The woman skillfully hides the secret affair and assures her husband that this is all his invention.

Stiva Oblonsky visits Levin at his estate. All this time, Konstantin was busy looking after the economy and making profitable deals with merchants. During the conversation, Levin learns that Kitty and Vronsky are not together and that the girl is seriously ill

Vronsky is not satisfied with the relationship he has with Karenina. He asks the woman to divorce her husband and marry him. But with all her love for the count, Anna is afraid of losing her son. She understands that Karenin can forbid her to see the child, and she will not survive this, because Seryozha is the only reason why Anna stayed married to Alexei Alexandrovich all these years.

The relationship between Karenina and Vronsky crosses the platonic level. Anna is rushing about. She doesn't want to live a lie, but at the same time she doesn't want to talk to her husband. And there is something to talk about, because the woman understands that she is irrevocably in love with the count. Moreover, she is expecting a child from him.

The Karenins go to the races, in which Vronsky participates. During the race, the Count falls from his horse and is seriously injured. Anna's behavior during the fall of her lover betrays the woman. She panics and starts crying. The thought that she could lose Alexei drives her crazy. Karenin does not like this behavior of his wife. Wanting to avoid shame, he persuades Anna to leave here. On the way home, Anna breaks down. Everything that has accumulated in her results in a frank conversation with Karenin. She admits to her husband that she does not love him and has not been faithful to him for a long time. Karenin is confused. He doesn't know what to do in this situation. He decides to leave Anna in a house outside the city, and he goes to St. Petersburg to make a decision.

His brother Sergei Koznyshev comes to Konstantin Levin. They spend a lot of time talking about life and people. Sergei notices that Levin likes to spend time on the ground. He works in the field along with everyone else, looks after the farm himself and finds peace of mind during hard work. Later, Konstantin learns that Dolly and her children are coming to the village next door. The woman is not used to living in the village, she cannot find a common language with the servants. In addition, the renovation of the house is not completed and Dolly has to deal with all the economic problems. In desperation, she accepts Levin's help. In gratitude, she is thinking of setting him up with Kitty. Dolly tells Konstantin that she is going to invite her sister to stay in this house. Levin admits that he is afraid to date Kitty because she refused him a few months ago. But Dolly assures the young man that all is not lost for him.

Meanwhile, in St. Petersburg, Karenin in the novel Anna Karenina thinks about how he should act in the current situation. He sees several options for solving the problem. He immediately discards thoughts about the duel with Vronsky and about divorcing his wife. Alexey Alexandrovich does not want to change anything in his life. He is driven by the fear of losing influence in society. In addition, he wants to hurt his wife. Pain commensurate with what he experienced. Therefore, he tells Anna that she can stay with him and her son. But she should continue to lie to everyone, imitating a happy family life. Anna is in despair. She realizes that now she hates her husband even more. He seems to her a soulless person, incapable of understanding. At some point, she wants to pack her things and leave him, but she understands that she does not want to be in the role of a mistress.

Anna is burdened by her life. She doesn't understand what to do next. Everything is aggravated by the fact that Vronsky begins to move away from her. She catches the coldness in his gaze and begins to panic. Anna arranges scenes of jealousy for him. She is afraid that he will leave her, thereby ruining her life.

Karenin goes to visit the Oblonskys. Kitty and Levin are also there. Young people spend a lot of time together. Kitty realizes that she is in love with Konstantin. She feels at ease talking to him. Levin also realizes that his feelings for Kitty have only become stronger. He proposes to the girl again, and she accepts. The family begins preparations for the wedding.

Karenin receives a letter from Anna. The woman writes that she will die soon. Her pregnancy was not easy, and the woman is afraid of dying during childbirth. Alexey Alexandrovich goes home. There he finds Vronsky, who was very upset. Karenin is informed that Anna has given birth, but she herself is dying and is calling for her husband. In a feverish state, Anna asks her husband for forgiveness for everything she has done. Karenin's heart can't stand it. He forgives his wife and takes upon himself all the worries about her and the newborn Anna.

Having recovered, Anna again moves away from her husband. She feels no gratitude for anything he has done. Karenin seems like a stranger to her. After a conversation with Oblonsky, Karenin agrees to sign divorce papers. Vronsky and Anna, their child, leave for Italy, and Alexey Alexandrovich remains in St. Petersburg with his son Seryozha.

Before the wedding, Levin worries that he does not believe in the existence of God. But they are about to get married. Konstantin turns to the priest for help and he finds the necessary words. Young people get married with a pure heart. After the wedding they move to the village. For several months they got used to living together, quarreled, could not understand each other. But after they moved to Moscow, everything improved. Later, Konstantin learns that his brother, Nikolai Levin, is dying. He goes to him. Kitty is traveling with her husband. Nikolai loved drinking and was currently living with a woman of easy virtue. Konstantin could never accept his brother's lifestyle, so they were not on close terms. Kitty was able to find understanding in her heart. She begins to care for Nikolai, who has only a few days left to live. After the death of his brother, Konstantin feels depressed. Kitty suddenly becomes ill, and the doctor tells the girl that she is pregnant.

A crisis ensues in the relationship between Karenina and Vronsky. It worsens after the couple arrives back in St. Petersburg. Society does not accept Karenina, considering her act shameful. Anna visits her son on his birthday. Having lived all this time with his father, the boy was never able to love him. The woman learns that Seryozha was told that his mother had died. Anna understands how much she loves her son and does not want to be apart from him.

Due to conflict in society, Anna increasingly stays at home. She feels despondent, although she tries to occupy herself with reading and caring for her little daughter. Further in his novel L.N. Tolstoy “Anna Karenina” talks about how one day Karenina goes to the theater. But even there she will be condemned by society. One of the ladies said that she was ashamed to sit next to Anna. The main character can't stand it. She blames Vronsky for everything, although she understands that it was her choice too.

Dolly comes to visit Anna and Alexey. She can observe all the misunderstandings that reign between lovers. Anna has become unsure of herself, she is afraid to the point of panic that the count might leave her. The main character of the novel “Anna Karenina” is interested in all her husband’s affairs, helps with advice and deeds. But all this looks so intrusive that Vronsky feels like he’s in a cage. He understands that Anna is manipulating him with her attacks of jealousy and hysterics. The Count understands that he is tired of this relationship. He goes on business. Karenina finds the separation difficult and begins taking medicine containing morphine. Upon her return, Anna again quarrels with Vronsky. Her jealousy reached its limit. She doesn't want him to leave her, even for a little while. The Count feels that his love for this woman is giving way to irritability. He doesn't know how much longer his patience will last.

Kitty and Levin move to Moscow. There Konstantin meets Anna, who managed to make a very pleasant impression. Kitty remembers how Karenina recently bewitched Vronsky. She is tormented by jealousy. Konstantin sees this and says that he will limit communication with Anna. After some time, Kitty gives birth to a boy. They give him the name Dmitry.

And, if everything is going well for Levin and Kitty, there is complete discord in the relationship between Karenina and Vronsky. Anna's jealousy goes beyond all boundaries. She becomes contradictory in her actions. Her impulsiveness played a cruel joke on her. She alternately swears her love for Vronsky and then curses him. The Count finds it difficult in this relationship. He understands that the feelings between them have long faded away. He is even saddened by the news that Karenin has finally filed the divorce papers. After this, in the novel “Anna Karenina” by Tolstoy we can read that Alexey Alexandrovich goes to visit his mother. Anna does not want to let him go, but she comes to terms with the separation. It is hard for her to realize that the count no longer loves her. In a fit of jealousy, Karenina follows Vronsky to the station. There she recalls how, on the first day of their meeting on the platform, the station watchman fell under the train. The woman's mind is foggy. She sees no way out of her current situation. Anna decides to punish both Vronsky and Karenin. As in the main character decides to commit suicide and throws herself under a train.

Vronsky is having a hard time with Anna's death. He begins to blame himself. Unable to bear the thoughts of his dead beloved, the count goes to war in Serbia. Karenin takes in the daughter of Anna and Vronsky to raise him.

After the birth of little Dima, Kitty and Konstantin move to the village. There they lead a measured and happy life.

The novel “Anna Karenina” on the Top books website

Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina has been considered a classic of world literature for centuries. Therefore, his high place in, as well as among, cannot cause any misunderstandings. Moreover, we can say with confidence that the novel will continue to occupy high places in the future.

You can read Tolstoy’s novel “Anna Karenina” online on the Top Books website.

Question 5
VRONSKY is the central character of L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “Anna Karenina” (1873-1877), count, aide-de-camp, rich and handsome. Before Tolstoy’s novel, V.’s surname appears in A.S. Pushkin’s sketch “On the Corner of a Small Square,” which served the author as one of the sources for the idea of ​​the work. The circumstances of life, appearance, character of the hero and his storyline can be correlated with the tradition of depicting the heroes of “secular stories” of the 30s of the 19th century.
Alexey Kirillovich V. was raised in the Corps of Pages, did not know family life, lost his father early, was emphatically respectful to his mother, but did not love or respect her for her endless connections and frivolous secular lifestyle. Among his comrades in the service in the brilliant guards regiment, V. was known as an impeccably honest person, a kind fellow, and even had partly a romantic reputation, because Even as a child, he saved a woman from the water, then he wanted to give his fortune to his brother, and before living together with Anna, he actually refused 1 in his favor from most of his income.
Despite his integrity of character, kindness, firmness, courage and true nobility, V. is a shallow person, practically devoid of serious intellectual demands. He is distinguished by stereotypical ideas about life and in relationships with people, typical of secular youth, when sincere actions and feelings, chastity, the strength of the family hearth, and loyalty seem ridiculous and outdated values, and people of lower social circles seem unworthy of interested attention and respect. It was these qualities of the hero that were fully reflected in the relationship with Kitty Shcherbatskaya, whom V. deliberately carried away for the pleasure of seeing the power of his influence, but without serious intentions, without caring about her feelings and reputation.
After a chance meeting with Anna, under the influence of love for her, V. changes: in addition to strong feelings, sincerity and the ability to compassion and pity are manifested in him. The impression of meeting Anna affects V. almost spontaneously: an unusual expression of “lostness and humility” appears on his face; he follows her to St. Petersburg, pursuing her everywhere and seeking rapprochement. Gradually his feeling turns into true love. There is something spontaneous and even terrible, independent of reason and will, in V. and for the heroine: the first acquaintance during the tragic death of a railway worker, the sudden emergence from the darkness and blizzard on the way to St. Petersburg. Tolstoy constantly emphasizes alarming details in V.’s appearance: the habit of “exposing” his teeth when smiling; head starting to go bald. In the scene of V.'s rapprochement with Anna, his resemblance to the murderer, bending over the body of his victim, is directly indicated. Directly related to this episode is another, key to understanding the character of the hero and his plot role - the race, during which V., selfishly thinking only about himself, due to careless imprudence, kills his beloved horse Frou-Frou. This episode has a symbolic meaning, because... Tolstoy's contemporaries associated the horse's name with the title of the French melodrama Frou-frou (1870) by Meylock and Halévy, the heroine of which died as a result of her betrayal of her husband.
Having become close to Anna, V. was internally satisfied for a long time with the current situation, which did not require him to make any decisions or changes in life, especially since love distracted him for a while from his ambitious career plans. The birth of a daughter, Anna’s illness and, most importantly, her husband’s forgiveness made V. see in Karenin’s action something inaccessible and incomprehensible to him. Despair over the loss of his beloved and subconscious moral humiliation prompt V. to attempt suicide, after which the lovers become close again and leave after V.’s resignation for Italy, and then for his estate.
Living together with Anna does not absorb all of V.’s interests: he is passionately and successfully engaged in European-style reforms in his household, participates in noble elections, and defends his male independence and freedom in every possible way. Despite the strong feeling, pity and attention to Anna, V. does not fully understand either her torment or the complexity of her ambiguous position, which leads to frequent quarrels, mutual irritation, alienation and, finally, the death of the main character. V. takes her death seriously, is morally broken and leaves as a volunteer for Serbia with a clear desire to die.

KARENIN is the central character of L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “Anna Karenina” (1873-1877), the husband of the heroine of the work Anna Karenina, a high-ranking St. Petersburg official. The prototypes for creating the image of K. Tolstoy were his good friend, the “reasonable” S.M. Sukhotin, who experienced a similar family drama, and the writer’s brother-in-law A.M. Kuzminsky. It is generally accepted that the character’s surname is “speaking” and comes from the Greek word “carenon” (head), which emphasizes one of the main character traits - rationality, the predominance of will and orderly behavior over feeling. However, K.’s image is far from being so unambiguous, and it would be a mistake to see in him only a “ministerial machine,” as Anna sees it. At the beginning of the novel, Alexey Alexandrovich K. is a successful official, constantly rising in the ranks and strengthening his court and secular position. He is very influential and respected in society for his honesty, integrity, hard work, dispassion and fairness. K. is not distinguished by emphasized secularism and courtesy, but at the same time he is partly proud of his impeccability and moral superiority. In his relations with his wife and son, who are sincerely loved and close, K. adheres to an ironic and dismissive manner, deliberately distancing himself from them and thereby drowning out possible manifestations of genuine feelings. Being confident in himself and his family, he directs all his strength to the pursuit of official interests, where genuine zeal for the benefit of the business is often intertwined with ambition and vanity. K. was unable to sense changes in his wife's attitude towards him until he noticed the reaction of the light. As the family drama develops and deepens, K. wants to find solid foundations for his behavior in the current conditions, out of habit trying to resort to a reasonable solution to all issues, to think through everything, streamline and subordinate the behavior of all parties to the conflict to this order. But behind the outer line of behavior lies a tragedy deeply felt by K. and a confused state of mind, which breaks through when he explains to his wife the funny confusion in the word “suffered” (“suffered”), in hesitation when deciding on divorce, in his reaction to the news of childbirth and illness Anna. Seemingly dry and dispassionate, K. turns out to be capable of truly Christian philanthropy and forgiveness of his wife and her lover. Recognizing Anna as his daughter, he, however, secretly hoped for his wife’s death. Relations with his wife are even more confused by the fact that K. is too straightforward in his understanding of his religious and moral responsibilities towards his fallen wife. Feeling unhappy, deceived by his husband, having risen to true compassion, K. gradually becomes ridiculous in the eyes of the world, simultaneously losing his official prestige. The need to feel morally superior to the people who despise him gradually forces the hero to push further and further the desire to be honest with himself. This desire leads to an increase in religious feelings and to a rapprochement with a circle of people influenced by the religious and mystical sentiments that were fashionable at that time, where the hero essentially loses his will. In dramatizations and film adaptations of the novel, the role of K was played by N.P. Khmelev (1937), N.O. Gritsenko (1968), Paul Scofield (1990).

LEVIN is the hero of Leo Tolstoy’s novel “Anna Karenina” (1873-1877). One of the most complex and interesting images in the work of the writer, who pronounced the hero’s surname as Levin, thereby indicating the connection with his name, the autobiographical origins of the character. L. can and should be considered among Tolstoy’s other heroes, who have either some autobiographical traits or an analytical mindset (Nekhlyudov from “The Morning of the Landowner”, Dmitry Olenin from “Cossacks”, partially Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhoe). L.'s character and storyline are most closely related to the circumstances of life and the way of thinking of the writer himself. It is known that while writing the novel, Tolstoy practically did not keep diaries, since his thoughts and feelings were reflected quite fully in his work on the image of L. F. M. Dostoevsky in the “Diary of a Writer” for 1877 wrote that L. is the main character of the novel and is brought out by the author as a bearer of a positive worldview, from the position of which “abnormalities” are discovered that lead to the suffering and death of other heroes. Konstantin Dmitrievich L. is a provincial landowner, belonging to a good noble family, living on his estate, not serving, and seriously interested in farming. Behind the outwardly measured life and everyday worries lies the intense work of the hero’s thoughts, deep intellectual inquiries and moral quests. L. is distinguished by his sincerity, balance, serious and friendly attitude towards people, fidelity to duty, and directness. From the very beginning of the novel, he appears as a hero with a fully developed character, but an evolving inner world. Readers meet L. during a difficult period of his life, when he, having arrived in Moscow to propose to Kitty Shcherbatskaya, is refused and goes home, trying to regain peace of mind. The choice of Kitty was determined for L. not only by his feelings for her, but also by his attitude towards the Shcherbatsky family; in the curtain he saw an example of the old, educated and honest nobility, which was very important for the hero, since his ideas about true aristocracy were based on the recognition of rights honor, dignity and independence, in contrast to the modern worship of wealth and success. L. is painfully concerned about the fate of the Russian nobility and the obvious process of its impoverishment, about which he talks a lot and with interest with Oblonsky and his landowner neighbors. L. does not see any real benefit from those forms of management that they are trying to introduce from the West; has a negative attitude towards the activities of zemstvo institutions, does not see the point in the comedy of noble elections, as, indeed, in many achievements of civilization, considering them evil. Constant life in the village, observations of the work and life of the people, the desire to get closer to the peasants and serious studies in the economy develop in L. a number of original views on the changes taking place around him; it is not for nothing that he gives a capacious and accurate definition of the post-reform state of society and the features of its economic life , saying that “everything has turned upside down” and “it’s just settling down.” However, L is eager to have some input into how “everything will work out.” Management methods and reflection on the peculiarities of the national way of life lead him to an independent and original conviction of the need to take into account in farming not only agronomic innovations and technical achievements, but also the traditional national mindset of the worker as the main participant in the entire process. L. seriously thinks that with the correct formulation of the matter, based on his conclusions, it will be possible to transform life first on the estate, then in the district, province and, finally, in all of Russia. In addition to economic and intellectual interests, the hero is constantly faced with problems of a different kind. In connection with his marriage to Kitty and the need to confess before the wedding, L. thinks about his attitude towards God, not finding sincere faith in his soul. The most important events turn to the circle of moral and religious questions and reflections on the meaning of life, on the mystery of L.’s birth and death: the death of his brother, and then his wife’s pregnancy and the birth of his son. Not finding faith in himself, L. simultaneously notices that in the most serious moments of his life he prays to God for the salvation and well-being of loved ones, as was the case during Kitty’s birth and during the thunderstorm that found her with her little son in the forest. At the same time, L. cannot satisfy the recognition of finitude, and therefore of some kind of meaninglessness of human existence, if it is based only on biological laws. The persistence of these thoughts, the desire to find the enduring purpose of life sometimes drives L., a happy husband, father, successful landowner, to desperate moral torment and even thoughts of suicide. L. seeks answers to the questions that concern him in the works of scientists and philosophers, in observations of the lives of other people. Serious moral support, an impulse for searches in a new, religious and moral direction, comes from the remark he heard about the peasant Fokanych, who “lives for God”, “remembers the soul.” The search for moral laws and the foundations of human life makes L. similar to Anna Karenina, whose fate depends on her attitude to the moral foundations of life. The hero's search does not end at the end of the novel, leaving the image as if open.

Central characters
Vronsky, Alexey Kirillovich, Count. 1, XIV
Karenin, Alexey Alexandrovich, Anna's husband. 1, XXX
Karenina, Anna Arkadyevna. 1, XVIII
Koznyshev, Sergei Ivanovich, writer, Levin's brother. 1, VII
Levin, Konstantin Dmitrievich. 1, V
Oblonskaya, Daria Alexandrovna (Dolly), wife of Stepan Arkadyevich. 1, IV
Oblonsky, Stepan Arkadyevich (Steve), Anna's brother. 1, I
Shcherbatskaya Ekaterina (
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