Poem "Rus" Nikitin Ivan Savich. I.S. Nikitin "Rus" lesson plan for reading (4th grade) on the topic Nikitin Rus' read in full
Ivan Savvich Nikitin
Under the big tent
Blue skies -
I see the distance of the steppes
Turns green.
And on their edges,
Above the dark clouds
The chains of mountains stand
Giants.
Across the steppes to the seas
The rivers are rolling
And there are paths
In all directions.
I'll look south -
Mature fields,
That the reeds are thick,
They move quietly;
Ant of meadows
It spreads like a carpet,
Grapes in the gardens
It's pouring.
I'll look north -
There, in the wilderness of the desert,
Snow is like white fluff,
Spins quickly;
Raises the chest
The sea is blue,
And mountains of ice
Walks on the sea;
And the sky is on fire
Bright glow
Lights up the darkness
Impenetrable...
It's you, my
Sovereign Rus',
My motherland
Orthodox!
Wide are you, Rus',
Across the face of the earth
In royal beauty
Turned around!
Don't you have
Pure fields,
Where would I find revelry?
Is the will bold?
Don't you have
About the treasury reserves,
For friends - a table,
A sword for an enemy?
Don't you have
Bogatyr forces,
Saint of old,
Loud feats?
Before whom?
Have you humiliated?
To whom on a rainy day
Did you bow low?
In their fields,
Under the mounds
You put it
Tatar hordes.
You are life and death
Had a dispute with Lithuania
And gave a lesson
Lyakh proud.
And how long ago was it,
When from the West
I hugged you
Is the cloud dark?
Under her thunderstorm
The forests fell
Mother of cheese - earth
I hesitated
And ominous smoke
From the burning villages
stood up high
Black cloud!
But the king just called
Your people to battle -
Suddenly from all over
Rus' has risen.
Gathered the children
Old men and wives,
Received guests
To a bloody feast.
And in the remote steppes,
Under the snowdrifts
We went to bed
Guests forever.
They buried them
Snowy blizzards,
Storms of the North
They cried for them!..
And now among
of your cities
Infested with ants
Orthodox people.
Across gray seas
From distant lands
To bow to you
The ships are coming.
And the fields are blooming,
And the forests are noisy,
And they lie in the ground
Piles of gold.
And in all directions
White light
It's about you
The glory is loud.
There's a reason for it,
Mighty Rus',
To love you
Call me mother
Stand for your honor
Against the enemy
For you in need
Lay down your head.
Among the poets of the mid-19th century who sang the beauty of their native land, Ivan Savvich Nikitin (1825 - 1861) stands out. He was born and raised in Voronezh, a small provincial town, therefore, better than many other writers, he knew the life of ordinary Russian people and observed with his own eyes the beauty of his native nature.
The poem “Rus”, written by Ivan Savvich in 1851, is filled with admiration, pride and love for the inhabitants and expanses of the homeland. In character it resembles an epic or a Russian folk song.
The poetic composition of the work “Rus” is similar to folk tunes. Such songs often do not have a pronounced rhyme; the unity of the lines in them is maintained with the help of meter and rhythm. This poem also has no rhyme, but there is a clear rhythm. There are 29 stanzas in total, each of which consists of four lines. Each line has 5 syllables, the meter can be defined as iambic. The last line most often consists of one word, and the stress in it falls on the third syllable.
In the first stanzas, the poet depicts the beauty of Rus'. Like a kind owner who looks around his possessions with an attentive gaze, Ivan Savvich directs his thoughts to the farthest corners of the Motherland in order to convey to readers all the charm and power of his native land. He mentions endless steppes, meadows, and dense forests. The poet's gaze even reaches the North with its snowy deserts.
Landscapes are conveyed using various artistic techniques. To describe the sky, the author uses the metaphor of a “big tent”, “fire of heaven” - a bright image for the dawn, “bloody feast” - for battle. The poet does not hesitate to compare phenomena:
The fields are mature.
That the reeds are thick...
Snow is like white fluff,
Spinning quickly...
In addition to the richness of nature, the poet highly values the extraordinary qualities of the people of Rus'. Using metonymy, that is, using the word “Rus” to mean “Russian people,” Ivan Savvich glorifies those virtues that make the fatherland unique in his eyes.
What is important for the poet is the resilience and courage of the population of Russian lands. He mentions the Tatar conquest, conflicts with Lithuania, from which Russia invariably emerged victorious. Ivan Savvich pays a lot of attention to the Patriotic War of 1812, which is mentioned in the poem:
And how long ago was it,
When from the West
I hugged you
Is the cloud dark?
The poet highly values the common religion, loyalty to the Tsar, generosity and breadth of the Russian soul; these qualities seem so valuable to the author that he is ready to defend his Motherland, even if it costs him his life. This poem can be considered a patriotic anthem, inspiring deeds in the name of the homeland.
Under the big tent
Blue skies -
I see the distance of the steppes
Turns green.
And on their edges,
Above the dark clouds
The chains of mountains stand
Giants.
Across the steppes to the seas
The rivers are rolling
And there are paths
In all directions.
I'll look south -
Mature fields,
That the reeds are thick,
They move quietly;
Ant of meadows
It spreads like a carpet,
Grapes in the gardens
It's pouring.
I'll look north -
There, in the wilderness of the desert,
Snow is like white fluff,
Spins quickly;
Raises the chest
The sea is blue,
And mountains of ice
Walks n O sea;
And the sky is on fire
Bright glow
Lights up the darkness
Impenetrable...
It's you, my
Sovereign Rus',
My motherland
Orthodox!
Wide are you, Rus',
Across the face of the earth
In royal beauty
Turned around!
Don't you have
Pure fields,
Where would I find revelry?
Is the will bold?
Don't you have
About the treasury reserves,
For friends - a table,
A sword to an enemy?
Don't you have
Bogatyr forces,
Saint of old,
Loud feats?
Before whom?
Have you humiliated?
To whom on a rainy day
Did you bow low?
In their fields,
Under the mounds
You put it
Tatar hordes.
You are life and death
Had a dispute with Lithuania
And gave a lesson
Lyakh proud.
And how long has it been O,
When from the West
I hugged you
Is the cloud dark?
Under her thunderstorm
The forests fell
Mother of cheese - earth
I hesitated
And ominous smoke
From the burning villages
stood up high
Black cloud!
But the king just called
Your people to battle -
Suddenly from all over
Rus' has risen.
Gathered the children
Old men and wives,
Received guests
To a bloody feast.
And in the remote steppes,
Under the snowdrifts
We went to bed
Guests A eyelids.
They buried them
Snowy blizzards,
Storms of the North
They cried for them!..
And now among
of your cities
Infested with ants
Orthodox people.
Across gray seas
From distant lands
To bow to you
The ships are coming.
And the fields are blooming,
And the forests are noisy,
And they lie in the ground
Piles of gold.
And in all directions
White light
It's about you
The glory is loud.
There's a reason for it,
Mighty Rus',
To love you
Call me mother
Stand for your honor
Against the enemy
For you in need
Lay down your head!
Under the big tent
Blue skies -
I see the distance of the steppes
Turns green.
And on their edges,
Above the dark clouds
The chains of mountains stand
Giants.
Across the steppes to the seas
The rivers are rolling
And there are paths
In all directions.
I'll look south -
Mature fields,
That the reeds are thick,
They move quietly;
Ant of meadows
It spreads like a carpet,
Grapes in the gardens
It's pouring.
I'll look north -
There, in the wilderness of the desert,
Snow is like white fluff,
Spins quickly;
Raises the chest
The sea is blue,
And mountains of ice
Walks on the sea;
And the sky is on fire
Bright glow
Lights up the darkness
Impenetrable...
It's you, my
Sovereign Rus',
My motherland
Orthodox!
Wide are you, Rus',
Across the face of the earth
In royal beauty
Turned around!
Don't you have
Pure fields,
Where would I find revelry?
Is the will bold?
Don't you have
About the treasury reserves,
For friends - a table,
A sword to an enemy?
Don't you have
Bogatyr forces,
Saint of old,
Loud feats?
Before whom?
Have you humiliated?
To whom on a rainy day
Did you bow low?
In their fields,
Under the mounds
You put it
Tatar hordes.
You are life and death
Had a dispute with Lithuania
And gave a lesson
Lyakh proud.
And how long ago was it,
When from the West
I hugged you
Is the cloud dark?
Under her thunderstorm
The forests fell
Mother of cheese - earth
I hesitated
And ominous smoke
From the burning villages
stood up high
Black cloud!
But the king just called
Your people to battle -
Suddenly from all over
Rus' has risen.
Gathered the children
Old men and wives,
Received guests
To a bloody feast.
And in the remote steppes,
Under the snowdrifts
We went to bed
Guests forever.
They buried them
Snowy blizzards,
Storms of the North
They cried for them!..
And now among
of your cities
Infested with ants
Orthodox people.
Across gray seas
From distant lands
To bow to you
The ships are coming.
And the fields are blooming,
And the forests are noisy,
And they lie in the ground
Piles of gold.
And in all directions
White light
It's about you
The glory is loud.
There's a reason for it,
Mighty Rus',
To love you
Call me mother
Stand for your honor
Against the enemy
For you in need
Lay down your head.
Analysis of the poem “Rus” by Nikitin
One of I. Nikitin’s early works is “Rus”. Many literary scholars consider this poem central to the poet’s work. Born in Voronezh, I. Nikitin reflected in many works his attitude towards the Russian land, life, and people. The poem “Rus” appeared in 1853 and was published in a local newspaper.
The style of the work is close to ancient folk tales. This is manifested in words characteristic of folk songs: murava, feast, abuse; in epithets (“blue sea”, “clean field”, “mother of damp earth”). The poem has a unique composition in common with folk epics. There is no clear rhyme in it; the unity of words and lines is maintained using meter, due to this a clear rhythm is maintained.
A large number of vowels add melody and melodiousness to the work.
There are 29 quatrains in total, iambic meter. Archaic vocabulary, enthusiastic epithets, and exclamations are used. Solemn words highlight important parts of the work and create a certain mood.
The meaning of the poem is divided into three parts:
- description of the nature of the native land;
- a journey into the history of the people;
- chanting of Rus', love for it.
The theme of the work is boundless love and respect for the people and their history.
The description of the expanses of Rus' emphasizes its immensity. There is a feeling that the author is looking at the country from a bird's eye view. Vivid comparisons create a clear visual image. The author talks about endless fields and plains, steppes and meadows, dense forests. I have not forgotten about the snowy expanses of the North, the seas and mountains, and the blooming gardens of the South of our country.
In addition to the wealth of Russian lands, using metonymy, I. Nikitin puts the meaning “Russian people” into the concept of “Rus”.
To show the great qualities of the people inhabiting the Great Power - courage, perseverance, love for their Great Motherland, the author recalls historical battles that were important for the country. These are the Tatar-Mongol invasion, battles with the Kingdom of Lithuania and the Patriotic War of 1812.
The people became victorious in these trials thanks to their faith, unity and power. I. Nikitin recalls how “Rus rose from all over,” no one was left behind, neither children, nor women, nor the elderly. Orthodoxy is repeatedly mentioned as a huge force uniting Russian people.
The main idea of the poem is the people’s love for their land, for which it is not a pity to give their life.
The finale of the work speaks of the glory of the country, which goes “to all ends of the white world.” The Russian people have something to love and “call their Great Power mother” for. The poem “Rus,” despite its apparent simplicity, is one of the best patriotic works of the mid-19th century.
Preview:
Elza Ainullovna Tukhtubaeva, primary school teacher at Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution Secondary School No. 13 in the city of Surgut
Topic: I. S. Nikitin “Rus”.
Lesson type: Lesson on discovering new knowledge.
Goal: to create conditions for students to discover the meaning and fully perceive I.S.’s poem. Nikitin "Rus"
Tasks:
Educational:
- To form in students an initial understanding of patriotic lyrics
- Introduce the concept of “Rhetorical Question” and the role of such questions in a work.
Educational:
- To promote the development of a sense of patriotism in students through familiarization with patriotic lyrics.
- To promote the development of moral qualities in students: a sense of love for the Motherland, pride in the Motherland through the awareness of belonging to the Russian people and the history of Russia.
Educational:
- To help students develop the skill of conscious fluent reading through working on a literary work.
- To promote the development of coherent monologue speech in students by involving them in dialogue and discussion.
- To promote the development of communication skills in students: the ability to communicate in a group, express and defend their point of view through organizing group work in preparation for the lesson.
Health saving:
- Maintain the health of students through an optimal combination of educational work and rest in the lesson, changing types of activities, creating a situation of success and a trusting atmosphere in the lesson.
Planned result, UUD, formed during the lesson:
Subject:
The student will have the opportunity to practice the skill of conscious fluent reading, practice the skill of dividing text into semantic parts, and become familiar with the concept of “Rhetorical Question”
Personal:
The student will have the opportunity
- Conduct self-assessment and assessment of the activities of your comrades.
- forming the foundations of civic identity by getting to know the heroic past of Russia and experiencing pride and emotional involvement in the exploits and achievements of its citizens;
Metasubject:
Cognitive:
The student will have the opportunity
- learn to navigate your knowledge,
- find answers to the questions posed in the text being studied,
- learn to use life experience,
- extract information from additional sources.
Regulatory:
The student will have the opportunity to:
- determine and formulate the topic and purpose of the lesson,
- plan your activities in accordance with the purpose of the lesson,
- make adjustments to the action plan.
Communicative:
The student will have the opportunity
- learn to express your thoughts verbally,
- listen and understand the speech of others, agree on the rules of work in a group.
Basic concepts:
a rhetorical question.
Technological techniques and methods used in the lesson:
- Technology for productive reading.
- Problem-based – dialogic technology.
- ICT technologies
- Group work method.
Resources:
Textbook “Literary reading” 4th grade part 2 author Klimanova
Computer, projector, screen.
Explanatory dictionaries for working in groups.
Organization of space:
group work, frontal work, individual work.
During the classes
1.Org. moment
2.Updating knowledge
(The song “Russia! Rus'!” plays).
What feelings did you experience while listening to this song? (Pride, admiration)
What and who is this song about? (About the Motherland, about the defenders of our Motherland, about the history of our Motherland, etc.)
What words of similar meaning were heard in this song?(Slide 1) Rus', Russia, Fatherland, Fatherland, Power).
What are their names? (synonyms).
What do you associate these words with? (heroes, Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Donskoy, mother, father, Russian people, birch tree, home, blue sky, defenders, patriots, beautiful nature...
What do you think will be discussed in class today?
Formulate the topic of the lesson (in the lesson we will talk about the Motherland)
3.Message of the topic of the lesson
Today we will talk about the Motherland in I.S. Nikitin’s poem “Rus”.
(Slide 2) The topic of our lesson: The image of the Motherland in the poetic poem “Rus”.
What will we do in class?
1. Get acquainted with the biography of the poet.
2. Work with text
3. Analyze
4. Lead a discussion
5. Reason
6. Draw conclusions
(Slide 3) The theme of the Motherland has long been of concern to all poets and writers. The great Russian poet Ivan Savvich Nikitin was no exception.
Now you will work in groups. Before you lies a text with the biography of the poet. You need to read it, then, after consulting in your groups, briefly and clearly answer the questions posed using the words of the text.
Where? | ||
When? | ||
How? | ||
What? |
Ivan Savvich Nikitin was born on October 3, 1824. in Voronezh. His father was a merchant owner of a candle factory. He studied at the Voronezh Theological School, but did not finish it, because his father was threatened with ruin and it was necessary to help him in trade matters. Little Ivan Savvich took upon himself all the hardships of adult life. He had to work very hard to earn his bread. He began to write poems very early, but for a long time he did not dare to publish them and show them to others. Nikitin's first published poem "Rus" brought him fame. Everyone liked it. The self-taught poet immediately became famous. Soon he published a whole collection of his poems, and with the proceeds he opened a bookstore and library in his city, which became the center of the literary and social life of the city. More than one has been written on Nikitin's words60 romances and songs. His poems have been translated into languages of different peoples of the world.
Let's check what you got.
Now we will move on to the poem.
What do you think this poem will be about?
(prepare pictures)
- About the beauty of nature
- About the defenders
- About the wealth of our Motherland
- About exploits
4. Primary perception poems.
1. Determine the nature of versification
2. Evaluate the forecast based on the content of the poem
5. Conversation after reading
What feelings did you experience?
Was your forecast confirmed?
By the nature of the versification, what does this poem resemble?
(It resembles a piece of folklore,
folk song,
it is simple, but sonorous, clear, strict.
This extraordinary poem is very easy to read)
6. Vocabulary and lexical work.
The following words appeared in the poem. Do you understand everything?
What words do you not understand?
Niva - sown field
Murava - young grass
Glow - the glow of a fire
Treasury - money, state property
Kurgan - hill
Horde - a huge army
Poles - Polish warriors
Swarming - moving
Orthodox - people of Christian faith
A pile is a big pile
Power - state
Rus - Russia
A tent is a large tent covered with fabric and carpets.
A face is a flat part of a surface.
Need is a lack of necessities, poverty.
War - war, battle
Haze - opaque air
A group of guys worked with explanatory dictionaries. They will help you explain the meaning of unclear words.
7. Work on the content of the text(work in groups)
Now I suggest working in groups and thinking about the question.
How many semantic parts are there in this poem?
First, each of you read the poem on your own, then consult and discuss in your group how many semantic parts there are in the text.
Let's discuss.
Tell me, how many semantic parts have you identified?
(I record it on the board)
1 gr. -
2 gr. -
3 gr. -
4 gr. -
Let's read part 1 (read by a representative of one of the groups).
What is it dedicated to?
(The nature of Rus' is described)
What causes the poet’s admiration when he describes his Motherland?
(its immensity, the expanses of Rus', nature)
Is it possible to simultaneously see the steppe, mountains, rivers, seas, pouring grapes and swirling snow?
(You can't see it at the same time)
(He constructs a description of nature in this way in order to show what a huge territory Rus' occupies.
(Wants to create an image of a vast Motherland with beautiful nature)
Tell us about your understanding of these lines:
Raises the chest
The sea is blue,
And mountains of ice
Walks on the sea
Where “mountains of ice walk across the sea”?
What do we call these ice mountains? (Icebergs)
What do people see when “the blue sea lifts its chest”? (waves)
Find the lines in the poem with which the author shows the immensity of our Motherland.
I'll look north...
I'll look south...
(- To emphasize the immensity of the country, the poet, after painting the harsh Arctic, paints pictures of the southern side.)
Read the last two quatrains in this part again.
What do they contain? (the author's admiration for the greatness of Rus')
(Sovereign Rus', in royal beauty)
How can I title part 1?
1. Description of the nature of Rus'.
Part 2.
What is said in part 2 of the poem?
(About the history of Rus'. )
Pay attention to the first four quatrains of this part.
What unusual thing did you notice?
(These are interrogative sentences)
Read these lines, correctly conveying the intonation.
Think about who these questions are addressed to? ( To the Motherland)
Do you think the poet himself knows the answers to these questions?
(Of course, he knows the answer to the questions asked. Moreover, he is sure that the reader also knows and will answer all questions in the affirmative.)
Such questions that do not require answers, since the answer to them is clear to both the author and the reader, are calledrhetorical questions.
Read these lines again so that they contain not only a question, but also the confidence that everything that the poet asks about, the Motherland has.
(about the heroic past of our Motherland)
What victories of Rus' does the poet remind you of?
1. Invasion of the Tatar-Mongol yoke - On September 8, 1380, on the Kulikovo field, led by Dmitry Donskoy, Russian troops defeated the Horde army. This was an important step towards the liberation of Rus'.
2.War with Poland - In the fight against foreign invaders in the 17th century, Russia defended its independence. Kuzma Minin and the talented commander Prince Dmitry Pozharsky gathered the people's army and drove the Poles out of Moscow. We celebrate November 4, when Moscow was finally liberated from its enemies, as National Unity Day.
3. War with Western invaders- In 1240, Rus' was attacked from the west. But Prince Alexander Nevsky and his squad defeated the Swedes on the Neva River on July 15, 1240 and the German knights - crusaders on the ice of Lake Peipsi on April 5, 1242.
4. Domestic war with the French - In June 1812, the French army led by Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Russia. But the commander-in-chief of the troops, the talented commander Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, and his army, expelled the French army from Russia. The decisive battle took place on a wide and spacious field near the village of Borodina, on August 26, 1812.
Find and read in the text
Where the poet makes a bed for uninvited guests ( under the snowdrifts)
What does the poem call the battle? ( bloody feast)
What does the poet see as the strength of Russia? (strength is in unity, the whole people rose to fight)
Find and read the lines in which the poet talks about the unity of the Russian people in the days of severe trials:
Suddenly from all over
Rus' has risen.
Gathered the children
Old men and wives,
Received guests
To the bloody feast
So, you and I see that the Russian people have repeatedly risen to defend their Motherland, both young and old have risen.
What other historical event of the 20th century can we see behind the lines of the poem?
(The Great Patriotic War of 1941 -1945 with Hitler)
What important date will our country celebrate this year?
(70th anniversary of the great victory over fascism.)
Read the lines that tell about the death of enemies.
And in the remote steppes...
Under the snowdrifts
We went to bed
Guests forever.
They buried them
Snow blizzards
Storms of the North
They cried for them!
What does he express in these lines?
(The poet expresses confidence that it has always been so and will always be so, that Rus' will defend its independence in any circumstances, if necessary, the Russian people will defend their Motherland)
What should we call part 2?
2. Description of the history of Rus'.
Part 3.
What does Part 3 talk about?(Rus is famous about the wealth of the native land, about the hospitality of the Russian people, about the openness of the land for good guests who come with good things.)
(poet glorifies the wealth and greatness of Rus', is proud of his Motherland)
And at what time I.S. Is Nikitin showing his pride? What time are we talking about? (about the present of your country)
Which lines contain the main idea of the poem?
(in the last two quatrains)
And there’s a reason for it, mighty Rus',
To love you, to call you mother...
Read it.
How can you title this part?
3. Glorification of the wealth and greatness of Rus'.
What does it mean for a poet to love Rus'?
Love the nature of Rus'
Love the Russian people.
Know and remember the history of your homeland.
At the beginning of the lesson, you talked about your feelings after we analyzed the poem, did your feelings change?
Think about what the poet wanted to convey with his poem to us - his descendants? (love and defend your Motherland, remember the history of your country, be proud of the defenders of our Fatherland.....
Did you like the poem? How did it turn out?
(expressive, bright, imaginative, emotional)
Why do you think?
(thanks to the expressive means of language)
Give examples from the text?
Lesson summary
And at the end of the lesson, I propose to compose a syncwine on the topic of the Motherland.
You can work in a group, in pairs, individually.
Motherland!
Boundless, great!
Cares, protects, inspires!
Where I was born, I came in handy there!
House!
Russia.
Strong, great, huge.
We love and are proud.
Land of fathers and grandfathers.
Fatherland.
(examination)
And now I invite you to listen to the song performed by the Kuban Choir based on the verses of I.S. Nikitin “Rus”
(You can work in groups if there is time left in the lesson)
Group 1 writes down epithets: (blue sea, impenetrable darkness, clean field, holy antiquity, proud Poles, dark cloud, mother of the damp earth, white light, loud glory, Mighty Rus', Sovereign Rus', bold will, ominous smoke, black cloud, deaf steppes, gray seas.)
2nd group personification:the ice moves, the fields move, the sea lifts its chest, the fire illuminates, the will found revelry, the forests fell, the smoke rose, Rus' rose, gathered, accepted, the blizzards were buried, the storms cried, the ships bow
Group 3 comparison: the fields are like reeds, the snow is like white fluff, the chains of mountains stand like giants, the ants spread like a carpet, swarming with ants,
4th group of metaphors:tent of heaven, chains of mountains, fire of heaven, call mother,
(Heaven is like a tent, mountains are like chains, sky is like a fire, Rus' is like a mother)
