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Youth subculture Youth subculture is a partial, relatively coherent system within the general cultural system. Its occurrence is associated with the uncertainty of the social roles of young people and uncertainty about their own social status. Its essence is the search for social status. Through it, young people “practice” in playing the roles that they will later have to play in the adult world.

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Protest against generally accepted attitudes As a young man enters adolescence, he turns away from his family and seeks those social connections that should protect him from a still alien society. Between a lost family and a society that has not yet been found, the young man strives to join his own kind. The informal groups formed in this way provide the young person with a certain social status. The price for this is often the abandonment of individuality and complete submission to the norms, values ​​and interests of the group. These informal groups produce their own subculture, which differs from the culture of adults. It is characterized by internal uniformity and external protest against generally accepted attitudes. Due to the presence of their own culture, these groups are marginal in relation to society, and therefore always contain elements of social disorganization and potentially gravitate toward behavior deviating from generally accepted norms.

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"INFORMALS" - who are they? "INFORMALS" is a group of people that arose on someone's initiative or spontaneously to achieve a goal by people with common interests and needs. FORMAL is usually called a social group that has legal status, is part of a social institution, an organization where the position of individual members is strictly regulated by official rules and laws. But informal organizations and associations have none of this.

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Causes of occurrence During the period from 88 to 93-94, the number of informal associations increased from 8% to 38% i.e. three times. 1) A wave of informality after the revolutionary years. Counter-cultural groups of youth. 2) Wave 60s. The period of the Khrushchev Thaw. These are the first symptoms of the disintegration of the administrative-command system. (Artists, Bards, Hipsters). 3) Wave. 1986 The existence of informal groups was officially recognized. Informals began to be defined by various somatic means (clothing, slang, symbols, manners, morals, etc.) with the help of which young people fenced off from the adult community. Defending your right to inner life.

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Causes of occurrence. 1) Challenge to society, protest. 2) Challenge to the family, misunderstanding in the family. 3) Reluctance to be like everyone else. 4) The desire will establish itself in the new environment. 5) Attract attention to yourself. 6) The area of ​​organizing leisure time for young people in the country is underdeveloped. 7) Copying Western structures, trends, culture. 8) Religious ideological beliefs. 9) Tribute to fashion. 10) Lack of purpose in life. 11) Influence of criminal structures, hooliganism. 12) Age hobbies.

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Classification of informals Association - stand aside from social problems, but do not pose a threat to society. Such associations include spontaneously formed companies based on public interest, hobbies, types of leisure activities, and imitation of a chosen type of behavior. Antisocial - a pronounced aggressive character, the desire to assert oneself at the expense of others, moral deafness. Prosocial informal clubs or associations are socially positive. These associations benefit society and solve social problems of a cultural and protective nature.

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“Major” “Major” Major is not interested in ordinary everyday problems, since all such problems were solved for him by his parents. He is not short of pocket money. He wears scarce clothes and shoes, can drive his own (usually a new, less often one belonging to one of the parents) car. Among the majors, the position of the parents in society and the associated prospects for their own life and career are assessed. However, a high level of academic performance at school and university is also valued. They end up in a scandalous chronicle when they flaunt their diamonds and organize Ferrari races on the roads of Europe. They follow the example of the children of Arab sheikhs, but prefer to study in London and invest money in Russia

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The future of the “major” Among the majors, the position of parents in society and the associated prospects for their own life and career are assessed. However, a high level of academic performance at school and university is also valued. The attitude towards peers from “simple” families is patronizing, condescending or contemptuous, although more often it is indifferent. The future of the major is cloudless and does not cause any worries. He will not go into the army (unless his parents are military and they don’t want to make him a high-ranking military man), or he will serve in hothouse conditions. Thanks to family connections, he will be placed in a university “through connections”, the level of which is determined by the level of government and the connections of his parents

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Punky Punk appeared in the USA in 1964, where, influenced by the Beatles and Rolling Stones, the age group was predominantly 18 – 22 years old.

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Punks The punk movement arose in the middle of the last century in the USA and later spread to Europe. This was the reaction of young people as a “lost generation” to difficult living conditions and the impossibility of fully realizing their spiritual powers. Very quickly it turned into a form of protest, suitable for various clashes on any basis: ideological, social, cultural, musical.

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Punks Distinguish: Movement of punk rock fans. Classic English punk (very small movement). The movement of teenage underground punk, the so-called street punks. It is the most common variety. There is also a clear division in interest in any specific musical groups. For example, an independent wing of the punk movement are the “GRUNGERS” (“grunge”) - fans of the group “Nirvana”.

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Punks. Symbols and attributes. The mohawk is a traditional type of punk hairstyle. It is a comb of hair or a fin-shaped strip on a shaved head. May have different sizes, shapes and colors. Sometimes there is an “aithiiroquois” - only a strip is shaved in the place where the mohawk usually appears.

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Punks. Symbols and attributes. Punk clothing attracts attention with a large number of accompanying attributes: Vests (leather or denim); Jeans, often with inscriptions made with a regular ballpoint pen or marker; Short leather jackets – “leather jackets”, very worn; The clothes are abundantly dotted with rivets, badges, pins, stripes (rings from beer can caps), symbols of musical groups; “Hackings” are common - high military-type boots; Pierced ears (rings, French pins in large quantities); Sometimes there are leather “collars”.

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Hippies Hippies have developed real traditions over time. And, probably, the most grandiose of them is “Rainbow Collection”

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Hippie Hippie (from English hippy or hippie; from colloquial hip or hep - “fashionable, stylish”; youth philosophy and subculture, popular in the USA in the 1960s and 1970s, expressing protest against generally accepted morality and the desire to return to natural purity through the propaganda of pacifism (their main protest was directed against the Vietnam War). The most famous slogan of the hippies: “For love and against war!”

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Hippie Rastaman in our country can be recognized by a multi-colored hat (mainly the colors of Ethiopia), hemp leaves on T-shirts, backpacks, rings, patches, etc. Dreadlocks are rare, but they do occur (it’s just that not everyone knows that dreadlocks are braided once, they can’t be washed and combed later, so the only way to get rid of dreadlocks is to cut them off at the root), high-soled shoes are often worn wide pants. Fennecs are very common: wooden beads and the same Ethiopian tricolor on a rag bracelet.

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“Men in black on our streets,” or who the goths are. The average age of “goths” is 15-19 years. The minimum age is 14 years; people aged 20-22 years are less common. According to the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, a significant numerical predominance of girls is recorded: for every 10 girls there are 2-3 boys.

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Subgroups of "goths": Goths are Satanists. Goths are “vampires”. Characteristic features: demonstrative “biting in the neck” as a greeting between “Goths” and as a kind of calling card of the Goth “vampire”. “Cyber ​​Goths” are virtual groups that communicate more online; In addition to black, the emphasis in clothing is on acid pink and acid purple). "Punk-goths" (the external attributes are similar to the "punk" ones). “Fetish goths” (promoting sadomasochism). "Tribal Goths" (fans of the Druid cult). Marginal layers of "goths" ("baby goths", the marginal part of the "role-goths" from among the so-called "role-players", "alco-goths", etc.). Fashionable goths (focussed only on the external attributes of the movement).

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Heirs of the Punks Oddly enough, the Goths “hatched” not from the Pre-Raphaelites, but from the punks. It all started in England about thirty years ago, when the punk wave, having reached its apogee, began to subside, simultaneously mutating. Total punk nihilism softened, became more melancholy and lyrical. This is how post-punk, a decadently depressive musical movement, arose. The musicians and their audience became the “nutrient broth” from which a new subculture emerged. The proto-goths, who for convenience are often called “dark punks,” and the current goths are very different, but the kinship is obvious. Even the motto “Goth’s Undead”, which came to us from the 80s, essentially repeats the sacramental “Punks Not Dead”.

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Decadents of the newest type, the standard image of a goth is characterized by: isolation, “frequent depression,” melancholy, increased vulnerability, misanthropy, aesthetics, mysticism, rejection of behavioral stereotypes and appearance standards. Also a characteristic feature of most Goths is the perception of death as a fetish. In the context of Gothic culture, the word "thanatophilia" is often used. However, “this term (thanatophilia) should be considered as an individual’s desire to use practices and themes associated with death and dying, namely visiting cemeteries and ruins. They cannot be called either drinkers or non-drinkers. They drink beer, but true Goths prefer absinthe, beloved by the decadents of the past, and red wine, reminiscent of blood in color and sometimes in name.

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Gothic and Goths The words “Gothic”, “Gothic culture” come from the Italian gotico, which means “barbaric, unusual”. The Goths were the name given to the barbarian tribes that destroyed the Roman Empire in the 4th century (although they had nothing to do with Gothic culture).

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Black + pink = EMO The Emo subculture arose in the 80s in America, and are fans of emotional punk rock music.

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What is emo? So... What is emo? Emo is a special way of life and thinking of a person. Emo – emotions, bright emotions first of all, both positive and negative. Emo people live by emotions. For emo, expressing their feelings is not a sign of weakness, but a normal state. Being yourself is the most important thing for emo.

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Emo kids Emo kid. Who is this? Emo (emo) - emotions, kid - child: literally an explanation on the fingers. Each of us is a child. The child perceives everything in the world around him differently. He can find joy in every little thing, but at the same time, even the most minor failure can greatly upset him. An emo kid is a person who feels the world around him, is not afraid of his emotions, and is not afraid to be himself. But another type of emo kid is more common. Such people create an emo-like shell for themselves and seek communication with others like them, they want to join the company. Fortunately, the passion for “emo” among such “kids” quickly passes, because they are just an image, a picture with nothing behind it.

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Emo culture, emo style Emo style presupposes the presence of strong emotions, both positive and negative. For emo, expressing your feelings is not a sign of weakness. Emo is a way of life and thinking of a person.

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The appearance of an emo kid: - Tennis shoes - Scarves - Classic outerwear for the street, in the form of a coat. - Hairpins for the guys. - Tight jackets and sweaters with v-necks. Sweaters in dark colors with a transverse stripe. - Black denim pants should be rolled up no more than twice. - Emo jackets from the “workwear” series, designed in earthy tones, as well as brown, gray and dark blue. One or two stripes. - Wallets with a chain, but even cooler - a large key ring (doorman style). - "Kangaroos" with a metal zipper. - Riveted belts of different colors and wristbands. - Anorexic thinness.

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Fans These are groups of young people united by football. The average age of Russian fans is 15-20 years old. About 80% of them are students of various educational institutions, 5% are workers at enterprises and organizations, 15% are temporarily unemployed.

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Fans In reality, we can talk about the existence of a fan movement in Russia, which would be the bearer of a certain subculture, since the 70s of the 20th century. At that time, the first fan groups appeared, constantly performing a certain set of practices: going to matches, specific behavior at the stadium, etc. They used special symbols, slang and other attributes of the subculture appeared.

Youth subcultures

Matlakhov Danil Pavlovich

MOUSOSH No. 50, 9th grade,

Leninsky district, city Novosibirsk

Project consultant: Petrova Larisa Nikolaevna

English teacher

Purpose of the study Identification of the essence, causes of occurrence, role of subcultures in modern society. Tasks : study materials on youth movements (literature, newspaper and magazine articles, materials from Internet sites); analyze information; get acquainted with the opinions of peers about the role and significance of youth movements and subcultures for teenagers; (conduct a survey) summarize the research results and present them in the form of a multimedia product. spend class hours in 9th grade write an article for the school newspaper Object of study - youth movements. Subject of study – the role of youth movements in human life. Research methods : - theoretical, comparative, survey Practical significance This work is that a class lesson and an article in the school newspaper will help prevent teenagers from becoming interested in the ideas of modern subcultures.

Subculture is a cultural subsystem of the “official” culture that determines the lifestyle, value hierarchy and mentality of its bearers. REASONS for the emergence of subcultures lack of understanding in the family, at school, among peers; lack of attention in the family, at school, among peers; social need for communication, self-affirmation, prestige, desire to improve one’s life; the “impatience” of children to take the place of fathers in the social structure; not integration into the previous social structure, but the construction of a new one; the desire to acquire external, formal characteristics that allow one to stand out from the general impersonal mass of the population of the metropolis; lack of clearly defined personal self-identification; behavioral stereotypes.

Classification

On a social and legal basis: prosocial, or socially active, with a positive focus on activity. For example: groups of environmental protection, protection of monuments, environment. socially passive, whose activities are neutral in relation to social processes. For example: music and sports fans. antisocial - hippies, punks, criminal gangs, drug addicts, etc. : By area of ​​interest Musical subcultures based on fans of various genres of music. Image subcultures, distinguished by style of clothing and behavior. Political and ideological subcultures, distinguished by social beliefs. By hobby. Subcultures formed through hobbies. Other hobbies. Subcultures based on cinema, games, animation, literature. Historical reenactors.

Hooligans. The identification of these subcultures is often contested, and not everyone classified as one of them considers themselves to be one of them. Musical subcultures ROCKERS

The first rockers were united by only one principle - the manner of riding a motorcycle, and only then the concept of style appeared. Rockers are perhaps the only movement that does not expect anything from its representatives other than a positive attitude towards music. Rastafarians

The ideology is built around the cult of hemp (cannabis), excessive consumption of this natural product and listening to songs recorded in the style of Reggae. Goths

This is a culture that carries within itself the beauty of tragedy. In general, Goths characterize their worldview as a “romantic-depressive view of life.” A characteristic feature of most Goths is the perception of death as a fetish (an object of blind worship).. Image subcultures Steampunk or DIY.

The essential attributes of steampunk are pocket watches, goggles and gears that can be used anywhere. And then it’s up to the imagination - masks and cloaks made of leather, top hats, raincoats, jackets and shirts with metal buttons. Main components of appearance cybergoths

: shiny high boots, tight black or foil vinyl pants, multi-colored acid-colored hair, wires woven into the hair, gas welding goggles, piercings Health-goth

- This is the average goth in the gym. Now add braids to this. The creators themselves associate their subculture with mesh, waterproof fabric, prosthetics and transparent clothing. Ultimate performance in sportswear and self-care are key factors for health goth.- Japanese subculture based on the style of the Victorian era. A Lolita costume usually consists of a knee-length skirt or dress, a headdress, a blouse and high heels (or platform boots).

Fruits- this is a style that combines all the most incongruous things. Style adheres to only one rule - Don’t repeat yourself!

Political and ideological subcultures Skinheads (“skinheads”) For skinheads (skinheads), the main unifying factor is their passion for violence. They usually declare their commitment to the ideas of fascism and racism.

Straight edgers advocate a healthy lifestyle. Straight edgers have made the “X” sign their symbol - “we ourselves refuse alcohol, cigarettes and drugs that society offers us.” They are against ignorance, against fancy dress, plastic surgery, against cruelty to living beings, and advocate healthy eating. Many of them are vegetarians.

Indie a youth subculture that declared its independence from high fashion and people's needs. Principle: “Have fun if you're having fun. Be sad if you're sad."

Yuppie - young people who lead the active business lifestyle of an urban professional. Yuppies have well-paid jobs, prefer business casual clothing, follow fashion, and visit fitness centers. The main criterion for belonging to a “yuppie” is success.

Subcultures formed by hobbies and other interests Bikers and motorcyclists For them, a motorcycle is not a means of transportation; for them, a motorcycle is life. Freedom is more valuable to them than honor and recognition.

Diggers Digging - inspection of underground structures in cities. Digging is punishable by law in many countries. The main reason is the damage to the lives of the diggers themselves and the people around them. Not everyone has the intelligence and ability to distinguish dangerous trophies from safe ones. In addition, it is necessary not to damage the underground communications that supply the surface city.

Cosplay- a mysterious subculture from the Land of the Rising Sun. The essence of cosplay is to reproduce the image of the chosen character as accurately as possible and completely transform into him, imitating the manner of behavior and conversation.

Tracers Parkour – “The art of overcoming obstacles.” The basic principle of this subculture is “There are no borders - there are only obstacles.”

Hooligan subcultures Football hooligans- football fans whose actions are contrary to public order: violations, mass fights. The clothes of football hooligans mainly contain the colors of the flag of their favorite team.

Gopniks Gopnikov is distinguished by the use of thieves' jargon, a very low level of intellectual, cultural and spiritual development, a penchant for violence, and a disdainful attitude towards law and order in general, as well as towards the police and law-abiding citizens.

Why do you think young people join youth subcultures?- entertainment; - lack of opinion; - desire to stand out; - need for understanding; - dissatisfaction with everyday life; - hopelessness; - awareness of one’s exclusivity; - boredom; -search for yourself; - information exchange; - lack of education; - problems in the family and in the team; no friends.

What do you think young people do in youth associations?

DJs

1. They make club music.

2. They play music at the disco.

3. Discos are held.

4. Exchange music.

5. Listen to club music.

6. Well versed in music.

7. They dance.

Punks

1. Listen to rock music.

2. Drink alcohol.

3. Smoking in public places.

4. They shave their mohawks and dye their hair.

5. They beat passersby.

6. They are lawless.

7. They wear leather jackets.

Benchmarks

1. Listen to rap.

2. Read rap.

3. They wear rapper clothes: wide trousers and a cap.

4. They compose rap.

Extreme people

1. Engage in extreme sports.

2. Seeking thrills.

3. Enjoy performing tricks.

4. They risk their lives.

5. They do what others cannot, conquer unknown places.

Music lovers

1. They listen to different music.

2. They get together, exchange notes and their thoughts about music.

Skinheads

1. They beat and torture non-Russians.

2. They shave their heads.

3. They fight for the purity of Aryan blood.

4. They drink.

5. Smoking in public places.

6. They don’t respect the order around them.

• 1. In general, society’s attitude towards representatives of youth subcultures is condescendingly indifferent.
• 2. Nowadays, teenagers are more aware of subcultures; my questions also aroused more interest among teachers. Many parents answered the survey questions formally, indifferently, leaving the questions unanswered.
• 3. Stereotypes of attitudes towards various subcultures affect the perception of only strangers. If we do not know a person, but we see that he belongs to a certain subculture, we, having a negative attitude towards this particular subculture, will have a negative attitude directly towards this person, and without knowing that he considers himself to be a member of this or that group, we we can treat him positively.
• 4. Adolescents’ membership in subcultures can help increase their self-esteem.

• There are a large number of subcultures in the world, all of them reflect the inner world of young people and are a way of satisfying the need for self-expression.
• All classifications of subcultures are very conditional.
• Subcultures originated first in the West, and then appeared here in Russia.
• The governments of foreign countries support subcultures whose activities are aimed at developing creativity in young people, the desire to play sports, and lead a healthy lifestyle.
• The same subcultures are developed both in Russia and abroad.
• Youth culture is characterized by such features as alienation from the older generation, from its values ​​and norms, and withdrawal into the sphere of leisure.

• Different subcultures have different clothing styles, different worldviews, and slang.
• Negative qualities are often attributed to representatives of subcultures. A certain number of myths are replicated by the media.
• Each informal movement has a specific impact on the personality of a teenager, but general trends of negative impact can also be identified.
• Subcultures can be a valuable and useful resource that helps you build relationships with peers, expand your horizons, acquire organizational and leadership skills, and develop your own values.
• Informal organizations are so different both in their ideology and in their way of life that it is impossible to give an unambiguous assessment of this phenomenon. Young people are looking for themselves, striving for self-expression, wanting to have their own judgment on any issue. Sometimes this leads to extreme opposition to the underlying culture

Completed by: student of class 10 “A” Moiseev Alexander

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What is a subculture?

Subculture is a system of meanings, values, means of expression, lifestyles, group norms, patterns and stereotypes of behavior created by a social group that, as a rule, does not occupy a major position in society.

There is another term. A subculture is “the culture of a certain younger generation.”

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The emergence of subcultures

Subcultures emerged as a result of the strong blow of the industrial revolution, which literally split society.

Thanks to the huge choice of products and cultural products, a huge choice of social structures has emerged. And new subcultures, such as hippies, goths, emo, punks, and many others, are bursting into our world.

We can say that we are living in a “subcultural explosion.”

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A subculture may differ from the dominant culture in language, behavior, clothing, etc. The basis of a subculture may be a style of music, a way of life, or certain political views. Some subcultures are extreme in nature and demonstrate protest against society or certain social phenomena.

• Characteristics of subcultures

Some subcultures are closed in nature and strive to isolate their representatives from society. Sometimes subcultures develop and become elements of a single culture of society. Developed subcultures have their own periodicals, clubs, and public organizations.

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Varieties of subcultures

• Musical
• Hooligan
• Image
• Political and ideological
• For other hobbies

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Bikers are lovers and fans of motorcycles. Unlike ordinary motorcyclists, bikers have a motorcycle as part of their lifestyle. It is also characteristic to unite with like-minded people based on this way of life.

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Environmentalists (Greenpeace)

Greenpeace is an international public environmental organization. The main goal is to achieve solutions to global environmental problems, including by attracting the attention of the public and authorities to them. Greenpeace exists only through donations from supporters and, as a matter of principle, does not accept financial assistance from government agencies, political parties or businesses. Greenpeace is known for its high-profile actions.

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Study of subcultures

In Russian sociology, the analysis of youth subcultural societies was carried out within a very narrow framework. Since the late 1980s the focus has become more prominent.

Some educated cultures reflect the social or democratic characteristics of its development.

Subcultures are autonomous and do not pretend to replace culture. We can expect that in the future, various subcultural groups will disrupt working society for the sake of pure entertainment. As society develops, social evolution constantly occurs, it occurs throughout the world. The importance of subcultures cannot be underestimated. We are all subject to its influence.

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Thank you for your attention!

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Youth subculture A subculture is a way of expressing the individuality of young people, a system of norms and values ​​that distinguish a group from most other communities. Motives for inclusion in the subculture: Communication with peers; Protection from the outside world; Prestige; Personal self-affirmation; Psychological comfort.

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Youth subculture Inclusion in the subculture is fraught with: Drug use; Drinking alcohol; Participation in illegal activities; Formation of antisocial values.

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Youth subculture The subculture is divided into three subgroups: Asocial (they stand aloof from social problems and do not pose a threat to society); Anti-social (pronounced aggressive character, desire to assert oneself at the expense of others, moral deafness); Pro-social (socially positive groups that benefit society, solve social problems of a culturally protective nature).

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Asocial group GOTH A subculture closed on itself. They prefer black in clothing, accessories are associated with death, they are collected in cemeteries, and the music originates in Gothic church hymns.

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Antisocial group PUNKS Shocking image: exotic hairstyles, hair and faces painted in different colors, dog collars and toilet chains on the necks, pins in jackets, T-shirts, jeans and ears, small metal objects worn as earrings, colored details in clothes, high boots, torn jeans.

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Asocial group RASTAMERS (Rastafari) Closely connected with the religious and cultural movement and reggae music that originated in the West Indies.

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Asocial group RASTAFARIANS (Rastafari) Rastafarianism - the religion of black Americans - preached an exodus from the Western world to the promised land. It is dangerous because it advocates the use of recreational drugs.

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Antisocial group EMO Over-emotional young people who react sharply to any external stimuli. They love to show off their emotions. They easily move from laughter to tears and vice versa.

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Asocial group EMO They prefer a unisex style of clothing, a combination of black and pink colors, hair must be dyed black. Piercing fans. It is considered a sign of the highest chic to have vein marks on the wrists. Representatives of this group are unanimously disliked and beaten by all other groups and factions.

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Asocial group MAJORS Credo – high standard of living. They preach the theory of highlifeism. They know how to earn money and are attracted to the Western lifestyle. They are prone to lack of spirituality and materialism. TOLKIENISTS (role-players) They identify themselves with the heroes of the book “The Lord of the Rings”, they live not so much in the real world as in a fictional world, imagining themselves as its inhabitants.

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Anti-social group SKINHEADS (SKINS) The standard appearance of a skinhead is a shaved head, high combat boots, camouflage pants or high-rolled jeans with suspenders and a puffy bomber jacket, on which you can often find a patch in the form of a Celtic cross or swastika.

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Anti-social group SKINHEADS (SKINS) The movement is heterogeneous: it stands at the intersection of music, style, politics and social theories. There are skinheads who are followers of Trotsky, anarchy and Kropotkin, there are bon-heads - racists and anti-Semites, etc.

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Youth subcultures Prepared by: teacher of history and social studies Shagraeva S.I.

History: Edelweiss Pirates Edelweiss Pirates was the name of German informal youth who opposed themselves to the Hitler Youth, which they managed to avoid joining by leaving school at the age of 14. They listened to jazz, wore checkered cowboy shirts with scarves, had long hair, went on nature hikes, and sang around the fires with a guitar. The peculiarity of these meetings was not only their demonstratively informal nature, but also the participation of girls. Hostility towards the Hitler Youth often resulted in street clashes.

Edelweiss Pirates during the war years With the beginning of the war, the movement acquired a more pronounced anti-government direction. “Pirates” united in groups - they scattered leaflets, wrote anti-government slogans on the walls of pedestrian crossings (“The high military command lies,” “Medals for murders”), and helped Jews and Russian prisoners of war take refuge. At first, official Berlin dealt with young dissidents quite liberally: those caught had their heads shaved and registered with the police. However, after some time, children began to be sent to concentration camps for re-education. In 1944, 13 pirates were hanged in Cologne on the direct orders of Himmler.

Hippies The hippie subculture appeared in the 60s in America as a result of a strong economic boom. Hippies profess the principles of non-aggression and are opponents of military conflicts and conflicts in general.

Hippies: symbolism Pacific - a symbol of peace. Logo of the Organization for Nuclear Disarmament, also used for anti-war demonstrations, a Volkswagen minibus, which hippies traditionally painted in the “Flower Power” style.

Appearance of a hippie Dress code - jeans, sweaters, T-shirts, out-of-fashion coats; Clothes are often shabby or specially given this appearance: artificial holes are made, bright patches are placed on jeans and jackets, inscriptions are made in English; Characteristic is the introduction of ethnic elements into the costume: beads, woven from beads or threads, bracelets.

Goths Goths are representatives of the gothic subculture, which originated in the late 70s of the 20th century in the wake of post-punk. Subsequently, the Gothic image and aesthetics were formed under the strong influence of the vampire image. In general, Goths characterize their worldview as a “romantic-depressive view of life.” The standard image of a goth is characterized by: isolation, “frequent depression,” melancholy, increased vulnerability, misanthropy, aesthetics, mysticism, rejection of behavioral stereotypes and appearance standards, and the perception of death as a fetish.

Goths: symbolism In addition to the all-consuming black color, the symbols of the Goths are: Ankh - a symbol of rebirth Celtic cross Skulls, bats, coffins Eye of Ra - symbol of luminaries: right - Sun, left - Moon

Appearance is ready. There are a lot of trends in the gothic subculture, but they have common features: black clothes, hair and lips. Corsets, lacing and Victorian style Lace, mesh sweaters

Emo Emo is a youth subculture formed on the basis of fans of the musical style of the same name. Expressing emotions is the main rule for emo. They are distinguished by: self-expression, opposition to injustice, a special, sensual perception of the world. Often, an emo is a vulnerable and depressed person.

Appearance of emo In addition to the already known predilection for long bangs and alternating black and pink, emo is also characterized by the presence of a huge number of badges, bows, piercings and tunnels in the ears.

Emo: symbolism As a style, emo did not last very long; now it is rare to find its fans anywhere. Symbols of emo can be considered: Long bangs covering one eye, alternating black and fuchsia

Punks Punks are a youth subculture that emerged in the late 1960s, the characteristic features of which are a critical attitude towards society and politics. The word punk translates from colloquial English as "trashy, dirt, scum". Common views are the desire for personal freedom and complete independence (individualism), non-conformism, the principles of “not selling out”, “relying on yourself”.

Appearance of punks In addition to the characteristic Iroquois for punks, their appearance is also distinguished by the presence of: leather jackets (leather jacket with a sideways wrap), piercings, leather collars, bracelets, etc. with spiked ankle boots (large leather boots laced to the middle of the ankle)

Punks: symbolism The main symbol of punks is the mohawk - a hairstyle in the form of hair raised above the head and tightly fixed. Punks also use the symbol of anarchy and slogans: Do it yourself (“Do it yourself”) and Punks not dead (“Punks are not dead”)

Bikers Lovers and fans of motorcycles. Unlike ordinary motorcyclists, bikers have a motorcycle as part of their lifestyle. Uniting with like-minded people based on this image is also characteristic.

Appearance of bikers Bikers are characterized by leather biker jackets with rivets, leather trousers (less often jeans) with stripes and emblems, leather high boots with laces so as not to rub against the bike, men always grow a beard and long hair, women prefer long braids or vice versa extremely short haircuts.

Bikers: symbolism Since bikers, unlike the same ones, are ready. They prefer not to be alone; they usually form groups. And each such club has its own symbol in the form of stripes on leather jackets. But there are several common symbols: a skull - as a symbol of the transience of life and the absence of fear of death 1% - one politician said that only 1% of bikers break the law, since then almost every biker wears this symbol wings - a symbol of freedom

Statistics: survey We conducted a survey among young boys and girls aged 15 to 30 years. 89 people took part in the survey. Everyone was asked the same question: “Which subculture would you like to join if you had a choice?” Statistics showed the following results: punks - 2.2%; Goths – 4.5%; emo – 6.7%; hippies - 20.2%; football hooligans – 23.6%; skinheads – 5.6%; bikers – 31.5%; Gopniks – 5.6%.

Conclusion and conclusions Having studied the main directions of the youth subculture, we can conclude that young people themselves are trying to find ways to interact with the world, trying to smooth out corners from the inside. Self-expression is important for young people, it is important to feel needed by society, it is important to know that you are heard. And the subculture provides such an opportunity. The survey showed that young people strive first for freedom and peace, as evidenced by the majority who chose hippies and bikers, but another part seeks to throw out their negative energy as a football hooligan or skinhead. According to the famous psychologist, one of the fathers of psychoanalysis, Z. Freud, if young people do not sublimate (that is, redirect internal dissatisfaction into creativity and other socially significant activities), the complex (internal dissatisfaction) will still manifest itself, only in a more aggressive form. Subculture is one of the ways that allows young people to speak and the world around them to hear.