Reviews of the book "" Fyodor Dostoevsky. Quotes from Russian classics with the phrase “covers everyone” Questions and tasks

Subject. Syntactic norms of the Russian language. Complicated sentence. Difficult sentence

Practical lesson 19.

Target: deepening knowledge of the syntactic norms of the Russian literary language.

Mastering the topic is aimed at developing the following competencies:

The ability to construct logically correct, reasoned and clear oral and written speech (OK-2);

The desire for self-development, improvement of one’s qualifications and skills (OK-6).

Organizational form:conversation.

Issues for discussion:

1. Management standards.

2. Difficulties in using isolated phrases.

3. Difficulties in using complex sentences.

When preparing for the lesson, the student should refer to the following literature: Rosenthal D.E. Handbook of the Russian language. Practical stylistics: textbook / D.E. Rosenthal.- M.: 2011.- 81 p.; Russian language and culture of speech: textbook for bachelors / ed. IN AND. Maksimova, A.V. Golubeva. – 3rd ed., revised. and additional – Moscow: Yurayt, 2013. – 382 p., and also use Internet resources: e.lanbook.com - Electronic library system “Lan”, www.biblioclub.ru - Electronic library system “University Library Online”.

Tasks and questions for the formation and control of competences

Exercise 1.Open the brackets and write down phrases with these words. Please note that words that are close in meaning or have the same root require different controls.

Confidence (your strength) - faith (victory). Review (book) - review (book). Rejoice (victory) - rejoice (victory). Get angry (inappropriate joke) - angry (stupid trick). Surprised (exceptional abilities) - surprised (exceptional abilities). Pay attention (disadvantages) - pay attention (to each client). Warn (danger) - warn (danger). Superiority (enemy) - superior (enemy). Obstruct (development) - slow down (development). Distinguish (bad and good) - distinguish (bad and good). Admire (his courage) - bow (his courage) - be surprised (his courage). Acquire (language) - master (profession). Rely (help) - be based (results). Pay (travel) - pay (travel). Full of (determination) - imbued with (courage). Characteristic (this person) - characteristic (this person).

Task 2.Write down sentences that contain management errors

1) More attention should be paid to spelling. 2) Their performances showed confidence in victory. 3) Upon the arrival of the train, we immediately went to the city center. 4) The speaker noted the shortcomings of the steel shop. 5) The review of the book briefly summarizes its contents . 6) The stars, these living flowers of the sky, burned above us. 7) Only certain universities did not take part in running competitions. 8) I miss you very much. 9) The draft board gave him a white card due to epilepsy. 10) The United States, counting on a quick victory in Iraq, is seeking to enlist international support.

Task 3.Edit the sentences to remove the string of cases.

1) A scientist from Denmark named Münter took a completely different approach to deciphering the ancient recording of the text from the era of the state of Urartu. 2) The astronomical books stored in the library are mostly copies of ancient books compiled by ancient astronomers from the cities of Mesopotamia. 3) The historian Nikolsky made a huge contribution to the study of the culture of states of disappeared civilizations.

4) The book describes the course of the brutal bloody war of the states of the East, which was waged for more than a hundred years, as well as the history of the development of the state of Van.

Task 4.Explain and correct errors in the use of participial phrases.

1) Suddenly silence reigned, and understanding the meaning of which, my mood soured. 2) Having lost public money, she had to make excuses to the whole team. 3) Having learned this wonderful news, his joy knew no bounds. 4) Listening to the birds singing and inhaling the aroma of a summer evening, it seemed that life was wonderful and everything was still ahead. 5) Remembering with sadness the possible but gone happiness, a stamp of melancholy and long-standing resentment appeared on her face. 6) looking at photographs of past years, he could not believe that everything was already behind him. 7) Reading works of Russian classics, I am filled with delight and a sense of pride in Russian literature. 8) Passing a difficult mountain pass, they more than once had to stop and wait for the rest of the expedition members. 9) As a child, he was always interested in issues related to technology. 10) Having met with old front-line friends, tears appeared in his eyes.

Task 5.Where possible, make up one of two sentences with an adverbial phrase.

Sample:I edited the manuscript. I submitted the manuscript to the editor. - Having edited the manuscript, I handed it over to the editor.

1. I swam to my heart's content. I returned home. 2. The doctor got acquainted with the results of the study. The doctor recommended a course of treatment. Petrov had a criminal record for hooliganism. Petrov did not take the path of correction. 4. Take measures to apprehend the criminal. The investigator managed to detain the criminal. 5. Gets out of the taxi. Bosnyatsky was not given any change. 6. Have free time. I can do a lot. 7. Take into account the gravity of the crime committed: Refuse the request of the shop committee to transfer the convicted person to bail. 8. Witness Sidorov testified. He got a call from the store. 9. The defendant wanted to hide his accomplices. He gave conflicting testimony.

Task 6.Mark errors in the construction of complex sentences

1) The guy asked us how long we would be busy. 2) The last thing I will focus on is the question of the use of prepositions. 3) Doctors believe that the disease is so serious that they have to fear for the patient’s life. 4) A group of specialists inspects the machine, prepared for shipment to the customer, which they installed from new materials. 5) The engineer who cited this fact turned out to be a great expert on the issue being studied. 6) I received many letters from friends and acquaintances, letters that made me very happy. 7) The Cossack horses, which were covered with foam, rushed ahead. 8) I still hope that you will visit me. 9) It seems to me that I have met this man in blue glasses somewhere. 10) At the meeting, the preparation of the region’s biathlon team for the upcoming competitions was discussed and whether it was possible to improve its technical equipment.

Main literature:

1. Vvedenskaya, L. A. Russian language and speech culture: textbook. manual for universities / L. A. Vvedenskaya, L. G. Pavlova, E. Yu. Kashaeva. – 31st ed. – Rostov n/d: Phoenix, 2013. – 539 p.

2. Russian language and culture of speech: textbook for bachelors / ed. IN AND. Maksimova, A.V. Golubeva. – 3rd ed., revised. and additional – Moscow: Yurayt, 2013. – 382 p.

3. Rosenthal, D.E. Russian language: textbook / D.E. Rosenthal - M., 2010. - 537 p.

Additional literature:

1. Butorina, E.P., Evgrafova, S.M. Culture of speech: textbook. allowance / E.P. Butorina, S.M. Evgrafova. – M.: FORUM, 2009.

2. Golub, I. B. New reference book on the Russian language and practical stylistics: textbook. allowance / I. B. Golub. – M.: Eksmo, 2007. – 464 p.

3. Rosenthal, D.E. Handbook of spelling and literary editing. – M., 2003. – 427 p.

4. Stylistic encyclopedic dictionary of the Russian language / Ed. M.N. Kozhina. – M., 2003.

Internet resources:

1. http://www.ahmerov.com/book_630_chapter_3_Predislovie.html - Online library.

2. http://www.rsl.ru/ - Russian State Library.

3. http://linglang.ru/pages/dict/general/?t202id=81554 - 2000 dictionaries and encyclopedias.

4. e.lanbook.com – Electronic library system “Lan”.

5. www.gramota.ru – Gramota. Ru: reference and information portal “Russian language”.

SECTION 3. STYLISTICS OF MODERN RUSSIAN LITERARY LANGUAGE

A CULTURE OF SPEECH

Preparation for the winter session

Assignments for practical classes:

NORMATIVE ASPECT OF SPEECH CULTURE

Questions and tasks:

1. Define the following concepts: language, speech, speech culture, speech culture, national language, literary language, dialect, sociolect, vernacular.
2. Compare the scope of concepts Russian national language And Russian literary language.
3. What are the main signs literary language?
4. What's happened language norm? What are the signs of normality? What's happened orthoepy? What branch of linguistics is orthoepy associated with? Name the types of spelling norms.
5. What is accentology? What is special about Russian word stress? Write out at least 10 examples of accentological variants from the spelling dictionary. Analyze the marks in the dictionary entries: which of them are permissive, which are prohibitive. Record the output of the dictionary you worked with.
6. What is vocabulary? What branch of linguistics studies lexical units? What can be associated with violations of lexical norms?
7. Explain the differences in the meanings and uses of paronyms, make up phrases with them: pride - pride, ignorant - ignorant, intolerant - intolerable, put on - dress, present - provide.
8. What subsystems does grammar consist of? What subtypes of grammatical norms are distinguished? What do these standards regulate?
9. Put the nouns in the nominative plural. Indicate possible options and explain their use: address, accountant, century, year, director, contract, doctor, lecturer, rector, report, midshipman, warrant, turner, professor, driver, mechanic, snow, variety, soup, tom, tractor, truffle, hawk.
10. Put the nouns in the genitive plural. Highlight the endings. List the possible options and note the stylistic differences between them. Place emphasis on the formed word forms: ampere, orange, eggplant, barge, boot, felt boot, wafer, brand, gram, hollow, kilogram, comment, poker, tangerine, sock, estate, tomato, boot, wedding, candle, soldier, gossip, shoe, young man, cherry, apple, apple tree.
11. Open the brackets and highlight the endings of the inflected words: watched a film with the major (Pronin) - became interested in the English writer (Joseph Cronin); disagree with (Dr. Uglov) – disagree with (Prussian military theorist Adam Heinrich Dietrich von Bulow); became engrossed in the English writer Jane Austen) – became interested in the English linguist (John Austen) – became interested in the singer (Zhenya Osin).
12. What are the features of the declension of cardinal and ordinal numbers? Write down the following combinations in words and decline them: 711 kilometers, 153 copies, “014 year.
13. What nouns are collective numerals used with?
14. Define syntactic connections: coordination, control, adjacency.
15. Make up phrases according to the example: preparation and supervision (graduate students) – training and supervision of graduate students. 1. Admire and adore (the courage of the soldiers). 2. Collection and exchange (information). 3. Installation and maintenance (equipment). 4. Introduce and distribute (text of the resolution). 5. Push up and believe (victory).
16. How are the main members of a two-part sentence related to each other? Open the brackets and explain the choice of the form of the predicate: 1 . Half the city (to remain) without electricity. 2. More than 80 thousand spectators (come) to Luzhniki. 3.800 rubles saved over the summer (spent) on the purchase of textbooks. 5.Russian media (represented by) leading TV channels. 6. The IMF (to allocate) the next tranche. 7.Seven students (pass) the exams with excellent marks.
    8. A female surgeon (to perform) a complex heart operation.
17. What are gerunds and participial phrases? What is special about the use of adverbial phrases? In which one-part sentences are gerunds and participial phrases not used? Connect the adverbial phrases with one of these two sentences:
1. Opening the door………a) I saw a far from simple living room environment

………b) a strange picture appeared before my eyes

1. Traveling second class….a) the service was wonderful b) no one expected such good service
2. Without being embarrassed at all….. a) her whole figure expressed confidence b) she walked past the surprised guests
3. Falling into the lake...... a) he felt ashamed of his clumsiness b) he blushed with shame for his clumsiness.
1. Analyze (using a sample) speech errors in sentences and edit the statements:

COMMUNICATIVE AND ETHICAL ASPECTS OF SPEECH CULTURE

Questions and tasks:

1. Copy from textbooks on speech culture the definitions of the following communicative qualities of speech: accuracy, clarity, wealth, purity, relevance And expressiveness.

2. How are the above communicative qualities of speech related to correctness of speech?

3. What functional styles of speech do you know? Do all functional styles fully embody the communicative qualities of good speech? Give reasons for your point of view.

4. What is speech communication? What components does verbal communication consist of? What is the name of the elementary dynamic unit of speech communication?

5. What are the conditions for successful communication? What organizational principles of speech communication do you know? Following what rules ensures the implementation of the principle of cooperation (see the maxims of G. Grice)?

6. Copy the maxims of G. Grice and D. Searle from textbooks on speech culture. Which qualities of good speech can be correlated with the maxims (postulates) of communication by G. Grice and D. Searle?

7. Take notes on the material for topic 10 “Visual and expressive means of the Russian language” according to the textbook ed. D.A.Romanova.

8. What is evidence And persuasiveness speeches? How is it determined proof in logic, what is its structure?

9. What is ethics? What is communication ethics? What rules must be followed so that our speech activity does not contradict the principle of politeness?

Preparation for the test

Review what you have learned on the following questions:

1. Language and speech. Basic functions of the language.

2. Language and culture. Speech culture as a branch of linguistics and as an academic discipline.

3. Speech culture. Typology of speech cultures.

4. National language. Literary language and its features.

5. The concept of a language norm. System of norms of the modern Russian language.

6. Accentological norms.

7. Actually spelling norms.

8. Lexical norms.

9. Features of the use of phraseological units.

10. Morphological norms.

11. Syntactic norms.

12. Speech communication. Model of speech communication and its components.

13. Organizational principles of speech communication.

14. Communicative qualities of good speech.

15. Ethical principles of speech communication. Speech etiquette.

16. Verbal and non-verbal means of communication.

17. The concept of functional style and style-forming factors. System of functional styles of the modern Russian language.

18. Scientific style: stylistic features, linguistic features, substyles and genres.

19. Journalistic style: stylistic features, linguistic features, substyles and genres.

20. Official business style: style features, language features, substyles and genres.

21. Conversational style: stylistic features, linguistic features, substyles and genres.

22. Specifics of the style of fiction.

23. Specifics of business communication. Text and language features of documents.

24. Means of expressiveness and figurative speech.

26. Figures of speech.

27. Basic linguistic dictionaries.

MAIN LITERATURE

1. Vvedenskaya L.A., Pavlova L.G., Kashaeva E.Yu. Russian language and culture of speech. – Rostov-on-Don, 2007.
2. Vvedenskaya L.A., Pavlova L.G. Rhetoric and speech culture. – Rostov-on-Don, 2008.
3. Goikhman, O.Ya. Russian language and culture of speech: textbook / O.Ya. Goikhman. – M.: INFRA-M, 2009. – 240 p. – URL: http://ibooks. ru /reading.php
4. Golovin A.N. Fundamentals of speech culture. – M., 1988.
5. Russian language and culture of speech. Ed. prof. L.K. Graudina and E.N. Shiryaev. – M., 2009.
6. Russian language and culture of speech. Ed. Doctor of Philological Sciences D.A. Romanov. – Tula, 2010.
7. Sintsov, E.V. Russian language and speech culture: textbook. / E.V. Sintsov. – M.: Flinta: Nauka, 2009. – 160 p. – URL: http: // www bibliocube/ ru

DICTIONARIES AND REFERENCES

1. Akhmanova O. S. Dictionary of homonyms of the Russian language. – M., 1974
2. Belchikov Yu. A., Panyusheva M. S. Dictionary of paronyms of the modern Russian language. – M., 1994.
3. Large phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. Meaning. Use. Cultural commentary. – M., 2008.
4. Bukina B.Z., Sazonova I.K., Cheltsova L.K. Spelling dictionary of the Russian language. – M., 2008.
5. Bystrova E.A., Okuneva A.P., Shansky N.M. Phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. – M., 2000.
6. Gorbachevich K.S. Norms of modern Russian literary language. – M., 1989.
7. Dal V.I. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language. In 4 volumes. – M.2003.
8. Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary. Ed. V.N. Yartseva. – M., 1990.
9. Lvov M.R. Dictionary of antonyms of the Russian language. – M., 1985.
10. Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language. – M., 2000.
11. Orthoepic dictionary of the Russian language. Ed. R.I.Avanesova. – M., 1981.
12. Reznichenko I.L. Dictionary of accents of the Russian language. – M., 2008.
13. Rosenthal D.E. Handbook of spelling and literary editing. – M., 1978.
14. Rosenthal D.E. Management in Russian. Dictionary-reference book. – M., 1981.
15. Russian language. Encyclopedia. Ed. Yu.N. Karaulova. – M., 1998.
16. Russian literary pronunciation and stress. Dictionary-reference book. – M., 1960.
17. Dictionary of the Russian language in 4 volumes (MAS). Ed. A.P. Evgenieva. – M., 1984.
18. Dictionary of synonyms, ed. A.P. Evgenieva. – M., 1975.
19. Dictionary of difficulties of the Russian language. – M., 1984.
20. Difficulties of the Russian literary language - M., 1994.
21. Modern dictionary of foreign words. – M., 1999.

It is better to study the topic using the textbooks of Vvedenskaya and Pavlova.

Learn to maintain a dialogue of any level of complexity, begin to better understand people, comprehend the art of overcoming obstacles that arise along the path of life, and simply enjoy evenings alone with yourself - not only business coaches and psychotherapists can teach us all this, but also classical literature And sometimes even to a greater extent than the listed professionals in their field!

Understand people better

Reading the classics not only promotes spiritual development, but also introduces you to the basics of psychology. Think about it: after reading the monumental works of Goncharov, Turgenev, Kafka, Wilde, you will begin to understand the causes and consequences of this or that behavior, get to know human characters better and comprehend the difficult science of interaction with the outside world.

Mikhail Lermontov

Great writers offer the reader almost universal types of personalities: Don Juan, Tartuffe, Macbeth, Pechorin and many, many others, which each of us probably comes across in life. After all, if you think about it, despite its apparent uniqueness, in most cases it is common for a person to act according to a pattern that developed hundreds of years ago. By reading the classics, you will not only be able to easily unravel the behavioral motives of your interlocutors, but also select your own “key” for each character. Do you want to become a master negotiator? Seek help from great writers.

Develop a culture of speech

It's no secret that reading any high-quality literature, be it modern prose or classics from the school curriculum, helps develop creative abilities, improve your thinking process and expand your vocabulary (we wrote more about this). And classical works can diversify your speech. New expressions and unfairly forgotten words of your native language will help you express your own thoughts more clearly and competently.

Effectively solve pressing problems

Many people mistakenly believe that classical works are hopelessly outdated: times and morals have changed, and advice given several centuries ago has lost its relevance. We are ready to argue with this! The main advantage of high-quality literature lies precisely in the fact that the truths once voiced by great writers are eternal, they do not depend on the current century. Even experts in the field of psychotherapy strongly recommend turning to classic novels in search of answers to pressing questions, because measured reading of good books can not only restore lost harmony, but also help you look at the situation from the outside and even find a way out of it.

Alexander Pushkin

Agree that the problems of every modern person, with rare exceptions, are typical, and therefore the range of their solutions is quite limited. The plots of “Anna Karenina”, “Eugene Onegin” or Shakespeare’s “King Lear” are still present in our lives, it is enough just to dress the main characters in modern outfits. And having studied great works well, you can easily get out of the most difficult situations.

Enjoy

The ability to perceive classical literature as a source of inspiration, rather than a school lesson, usually arises in adulthood. After thirty (and sometimes even later), a love appears not only for a daringly twisted plot, but also for philosophy, which sometimes turns out to be inaccessible to a schoolchild. Reading the works of Shakespeare, Goethe, Dickens, you will discover fundamentally new horizons for yourself. They will allow you to escape from everyday life, develop spiritually and get acquainted with the best examples of the art of writing.

Classics will help you relax after a busy day at work, reconsider your views on pressing problems and, quite possibly, begin to perceive life differently.

For many of us, the phrase “Russian classical literature” causes an attack of drowsiness, combined with the thought “I’d better watch the series after all.”

Photo tumblr.com

Plot: This book, as you probably know, is about love that is tragic, destructive and at the same time sincere and all-consuming. In the first case, it is happy and ends with a happy ending, we are talking about Konstantin Levin and Kitty Shcherbatskaya, and in the second case, it is the love of Anna Karenina and Alexei Vronsky...

Why you'll like it: Firstly, there is no war at all in Anna Karenina, so don’t be afraid to open this book if you don’t like War and Peace. Secondly, ninety percent of girls aged 14+ call Anna Karenina their favorite book - and we are sure that you will join them after reading this work. And finally, consider the fact that Anna Karenina is one of the favorite works of Russian classics abroad. Maybe because it looks like the script for an incredibly tragic Hollywood film. But, alas, the Americans never managed to film this work adequately.

Plot: Twenty-year-old romantic Alexander Aduev lives in a village under the wing of a caring mother, meets a girl Sonya and dreams of becoming a famous poet. Great ambitions and a thirst for fame force the young man to leave his native nest and go to St. Petersburg - as they say, to see people and show himself. In the capital, his uncle Pyotr Aduev, a cynic and skeptic, takes on the task of raising a sensitive young man, who sets himself the goal of knocking “romantic nonsense” out of his nephew, while the kind and enthusiastic Alexander by nature is trying to build a writing career and find his true love.

Why will you like it: It’s impossible not to fall in love with this incredibly touching, funny and honest story from the very first page. The whole point of the book is in the dialogues between the older and younger Aduevs, at which you will both laugh and cry. However, think carefully before reading “An Ordinary Story” - this book can remove the rose-colored glasses from the most incorrigible romantic.

Plot: Bet you didn’t know that the author of the novel “Fathers and Sons” wrote a whole series of mystical stories about vampires, ghosts, zombies and other evil spirits? Very in vain. So, at the end of his life, old Turgenev fell into the occult and, slightly imitating the American Edgar Allan Poe (well, you read “Ligeia” or “The Fall of the House of Usher”?), wrote a dozen chilling stories, which we strongly recommend not reading at night . Among the best are the stories “After Death (Klara Milich)”, “Song of Triumphant Love”, “Dog”, “The Story of Father Alexei”, “Dream”, “Ghosts” and “Knock... Knock... Knock!..”.

Why you'll like it: Because this is a great opportunity to compare Edward Cullen to 19th century vampires. And the very fact that the author of “Fathers and Sons” stood at the origins of fantastic literature seems very cool to us.

Plot: The main character of this action-packed novel is called Arkady Dolgoruky, he is nineteen years old, and he has a fixed idea - to become rich and influential, like Rothschild. Well, since such thoughts don’t just appear, let’s explain that Arkady is the illegitimate child of a rich nobleman, who grew up as a peasant’s son, that is, the proud and proud teenager had to taste a lot of humiliation. After graduating from high school, Arkady, at the invitation of his own father, goes to St. Petersburg. By pure chance, two letters end up in his hands that could destroy the reputation of the most influential people in St. Petersburg, and Arkady inevitably finds himself drawn into the intrigues of high society. Will the ambitious teenager eventually succeed in becoming a Rothschild? You will find out about this after reading to the end this fascinating novel with an almost detective plot.

Why you'll like it: Read on if you are interested in finding out how Dan Humphrey would have survived in St. Petersburg in the second half of the 19th century.

Plot: The action of the novel takes place in the thirteenth hospital building - the same one where patients with cancer lie. There are many heroes, and they constantly replace each other. They are replaced because they are being discharged, but they are being discharged not because they are being cured, but because they will soon die, and the hospital does not need “negative” indicators. Despite everything, they live, dream, fall in love and absolutely all hope for recovery.

Why you'll like it: Despite the difficult topic, the novel by the Nobel laureate is read in one breath, and you don’t want to part with your favorite characters. This book will touch you no less than all the currently popular novels about teenagers with cancer.

And such a reaction is quite understandable. It just so happens that those few works of Russian classics that are included in the list of literature in schools form among schoolchildren the idea that Russian literature is an unimaginably boring story stretched out over a thousand pages about the suffering of the Russian people, war and the hard lot of Russian women . This is a misconception. School literature lists reduced to a minimum create the false impression that Tolstoy, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Goncharov are the authors of one novel (and not the most interesting one, as many believe), while they are the authors of dozens of fascinating works. We have compiled for you our own alternative list of works from Russian classics that you will not be able to close without reading to the last page. However, be careful: if you start reading in the evening, you risk not stopping until the morning!

Plot one of the most famous lyrical stories by Yu.P. Kazakova is quite ordinary: high school student Alyosha meets a girl Lilya, who becomes his first love. However, thanks to a very deep analysis of the psychological state of the main character, this story is perceived as completely unique and unrepeatable, and at the same time close and understandable to everyone who has been in love at least once in their life.

“It is probably never possible to accurately indicate the minute when love came to you. And I can’t decide when I fell in love with Lilya. Maybe then, when I, alone, wandered around the North? Or maybe during a kiss on the platform? Or when she first gave me her hand and tenderly said her name: Lilya? I don't know. All I know is that now I can’t live without her. My whole life is now divided into two parts: before her and with her. How would I live and what would I mean without her?

Why you'll like it: Because we love cute stories about first love, and Blue and Green is the best example of the genre.

Plot: Another incredibly touching love story that will make you cry. The main character Gemma is a typical “Turgenev girl”, the main character Sanin is also a typical Turgenev character - a weak-willed young man, remarkable in his moral qualities, but completely unable to fight for his love. They meet, are fascinated by each other and, of course, fall in love. Then, by some stupid coincidence, Sanin leaves the girl and only 30 years later he realized that he had made a huge mistake.

Why you'll like it: This story looks like a bun, drizzled with caramel syrup and sprinkled with vanilla - it is so atmospheric and “tasty”. If this amount of sweet stuff doesn’t scare you, then read on – just don’t be upset when you get to the dark chocolate in the filling (spoiler) J

Instead of which movie or TV series should I read: If you want to review “Letters to Juliet” for the hundred and first time, read “Spring Waters”. The book and the film have a lot in common: in addition to the “vanilla” love story, they are both rich in cultural references and convey the Italian national flavor.

Plot: If the name Ostap Bender still doesn’t mean anything to you, then quickly, quickly, quickly look for the novel by Ilf and Petrov “The Twelve Chairs” and its sequel “The Golden Calf”. These works are not forced to be read at school, since you are expected to read them yourself - for your own pleasure. The story of unlucky crooks who scour the country in pursuit of diamonds sewn into the upholstery of a chair, and then try to take a million from an underground millionaire, has made readers of all ages laugh for decades.

V. P. Aksenov “Star Ticket”

Plot: Dimka Denisov is 17 years old and has just graduated from school with C grades in his certificate. Dimka has an older brother, Victor, who works at the university and is going to defend his dissertation. He is the pride of his parents and an example for his younger brother. Only Dimka and his friends Alik, Yurka and Galya are against their parents deciding what will happen to their lives. The guys decide not to go to university and the four of them run away from home. The elusive four board a train to Estonia, and the adventures of the “kilometer eaters” begin...

Why you'll like it: Your peers from the sixties of the last century read the stories of Vasily Aksenov to their cores. The heroes of “Star Ticket” are young, cheerful, romantic guys who dream of breaking free from parental control and making their own decisions about their future. Times change, but the joys and problems of the heroes of this book will be close to you and me.

“I don’t want this! - Dimka screams desperately. - To hell! Do you think I dream of following in your footsteps, do you think your life is ideal for me? After all, your life, Victor, was invented by your dad and mom, even when you were lying in the cradle. An excellent student at school, an excellent student at the institute, a graduate student, a junior researcher, a candidate, a senior researcher, a doctor, an academician... then who is there? A respected dead man? After all, you have never made a truly serious decision in your life, you have never taken a risk. To hell! Before we even have time to be born, everything has already been thought out for us, our future has already been decided. Pipes! It’s better to be a vagabond and fail than to spend your whole life being a boy carrying out other people’s decisions.”

E. L. Schwartz “Dragon”

Why you'll like it: The play “Dragon” by Evgeniy Schwartz, despite its completely classic fairy-tale plot, contains many meanings. If you know history well, you will correlate the events of the play with the time of its creation (1940s) and see in it a social satire (it is not for nothing that the authorities banned its production immediately after the dress rehearsal), but if not, then you will simply enjoy a romantic love story .

What movie or TV series should I watch instead: Read the play instead of Beowulf and the entire film epic about Merlin in Camelot.

It is not necessary to read all the works from the school curriculum in order to write a good essay as part of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. The texts proposed by the developers raise “eternal problems”, issues related to human behavior in war, as well as the impoverishment of the native language. There are books that, if read carefully, will free you from the need to study dozens of creations. Life has compiled a list of “saving” literature.

If you really seriously read all 10 books that we will talk about, then you will pass the exam - you will select arguments for any problem, but you can also read just a few works from the list, if you have associative thinking, and you can “twist” any fact from the work in your favor. For example, you should choose who is closer to you: Sholokhov or Tolstoy? It is not necessary to read both epic novels (that is, "Quiet Don" and "War and Peace"), since the problems in them overlap. It is enough to know the plot lines of one of the books really well.

At the same time, do not forget that there must be two arguments, which means that examples from one work cannot be used.

1. "War and Peace" by Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy

Using the example of the stories of three families against the backdrop of the war with Napoleon, many eternal problems are shown - this is the manifestation of the best (or worst) qualities of a person at critical moments (Pierre Bezukhov, Andrei Bolkonsky), the inexperience of a young soul (Natasha Rostova) and the influence of the environment on the development of personality (Anatole and Helen Kuragin, Andrei and Marya Bolkonsky, Natasha, Nikolai, Peter and Vera Rostov), ​​choosing a path or searching for the meaning of life (Pierre Bezukhov, Andrei Bolkonsky). Tolstoy also speaks of mercy in the person of, for example, Natasha Rostova, of duty in the person of the Bolkonskys, of frivolity and cowardice - Anatol Kuragin, Natasha Rostova. The author does not forget about the problem of social stratification, the thirst for power - these are the two opposite worlds of the Kuragin and Rostov families.

In almost every chapter of the novel, in every episode, you can find an argument for a particular problem in the exam text.

2. “Quiet Don” by Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov

In the epic novel dedicated to the life of the Cossacks during the Civil War, one of the central themes is female love and its depth (Natalia and Aksinya). Also, the most important problem raised by Sholokhov is the choice of path by a person. This is the torment of Grigory Melekhov (both in war and in his personal life). The classic talks about the endless pursuit of happiness in spite of any obstacles (the love story of the main characters), as well as about human lust, the influence of instincts on a person’s life (the wife of his older brother Gregory). The theme of fate, inevitability, and atonement for sins can be traced through the entire work. Sholokhov, talking about the Melekhov family, also talks about duty to parents, confrontation between different generations and betrayal.

3. Any book from the series "A Song of Ice and Fire" by George R.R. Martin

Regardless of whether you are a fan of the series or a series of science fiction works, the reality created by the American writer is so global that it embodies all the joys and vices of human life, or, as Balzac would say, “the human comedy.” The history of the confrontation between houses (influential families) for the throne reveals the most terrible sides of the human soul - Martin talks about the rules of fair and dishonest war, about the problem of injustice, hatred and self-interest in society, about incest, greed and mercy, about the problem of duty to family and state, about dishonor regardless of social income, about arrogance, about the presence of a competitive spirit between family members. It doesn’t even make sense to list everything and indicate specific characters - there are many of them, and there are vices and virtues in each of the characters in the cycle. You will find an argument for almost any issue in the history of Westeros. Even the opposition to progress and rejection of the new can be told using the example of the story of the experiments on the Mountain.

4. “Crime and Punishment” by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky

One of the most important works of the school curriculum is the story of “little people”, “trembling creatures”. The novel also raises a wide range of issues - the duality of the soul, the presence in every person of two poles - good and evil, atonement for sins, the choice of path (again the main characters, Marmeladov), life priorities and personality development, the role of religion in human life, greed and cynicism (old money-lender, Svidrigailov), changes in the perception of the world depending on a person’s internal experiences (St. Petersburg), feelings of guilt, inevitability of punishment, extremism, etc. Most of the novel's problems are shown through the personalities of the main characters - Rodion Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova.

5. "Thunderstorm" by Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky

A play dedicated to social and everyday problems (like "Dowry"), shows a dark world in which there is no room for bright emotions. They simply die under the onslaught of human “simplicity”, hatred, conservatism and ignorance. In the work one can find arguments on the themes of betrayal (Katerina’s betrayal of her husband), restlessness of the human soul, the constant search for something new (also Katerina), social stratification, following traditions and rejection of youth by the old generation (Kabanikha and Katerina, Tikhon), fate (the Countess and the omen of death ), feelings of guilt, suppression of the word of reason by the heart, lies among loved ones, teenage maximalism, theft among the rich class (Wild), power, the vicissitudes of love, relationships between fathers and children, and so on.

6. “Abroad” by Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin

You can make arguments from the satirical work of the classic on the topics of patriotism (love for the Motherland, rejection of someone else's, even if it is better), confrontation between West and East, Russia and Europe, poor and rich (conversation between a Russian and a German boy), feelings of the crowd, consumer society, oblivion traditions, the human factor in relationships, professional duty, peculiarities of the mentality of different peoples, and so on.

7. "The Captain's Daughter" by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin

It is also important to read the short work of our luminary, because this story (by the way, this argument can also be taken from the novel “War and Peace”) raises the problem of the role of the individual in history (Emelyan Pugachev and Catherine II). It is also impossible not to say about mercy (the Empress again), human behavior in a critical situation, duty to the state, parental strictness (in the person of Father Pyotr Grinev), betrayal (Shvabrin and Grinev), a sense of possessiveness (Shvabrin), social inequality and, of course, about love - the captain's daughter and Grinev.

8. “The Russian language is on the verge of a nervous breakdown” by Maxim Anisimovich Krongauz

As in the case of “Game of Thrones” (the first part), you don’t have to read it - you can watch the movie. Not everyone loves “The Great Gatsby” - for some it is boring, but the film turned out to be very dynamic (especially since some moments from the novel were not realized on screen - for example, the life of Gatsby in his youth, the episode with his family). The classic of the Jazz Age raises the problems of intolerance of the rich towards the problems of people of low “class”, the difference between love and falling in love, the thirst for power and money, the “little man”. The author also talks about true friendship, dreams and hopes. The latter, according to Fitzgerald, are often empty.

10. “All Quiet on the Western Front” by Erich Maria Remarque

Remarque talks about humility, military duty, despair of those who have lost loved ones, the inevitability of death, equality before war and the death of all people (regardless of wealth, pedigree and type of activity), friendship and indifference in war to things that are important in peacetime. In a short work you can find arguments on almost any military issue.