Navy missile boats. Small warships and boats
The series of naval armored boats of the "MBK" type (project 161) consisted of 20 units ("BK-501" - "BK-520"), built at plant No. 194 and commissioned in 1943-1944. During the war, 3 boats were lost, the rest were written off in 1953-1958. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement – 151 tons; full displacement – 158 tons; length – 36.2 m: width – 5.5 m; draft – 1.3 m; power plant - 2 gasoline engines, power - 2.4 thousand hp; maximum speed – 13 knots; cruising range - 450 miles; fuel reserve - 9 tons of gasoline; crew - 17 people. Reservation: side – 25-50 mm; deck – 15-30 mm; cutting – 8 mm; towers - 45 mm. Armament: 2x1 – 76 mm guns; 2x1 – 45 mm guns; 1x1 – 37 mm anti-aircraft gun; 2x1 – 12.7 mm machine gun.
The armored boats “Spear” and “Pika” were built at the Putilov plant in 1908-1910. The boats were decommissioned in 1954. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 23.5 tons, full displacement - 25 tons; length – 22.5 m: width –3.1 m; draft – 0.7 m; power plant - 2 gasoline engines, power - 200 hp; maximum speed – 10 knots; cruising range - 300 miles; crew - 12 people. Reservation: wheelhouse, side and deck - 8 mm. Armament: 1x1 – 76 mm gun; 2x1 – 7.62 mm machine gun.
From a series of “D” type boats built in the USA in 1916-1917. By the beginning of the war, 4 units remained in service. The boats were lost in 1941. Performance characteristics of the boat: total displacement - 6.5 tons; length – 9.2 m: width –2.4 m; draft – 0.7 m; power plant – gasoline engine, power – 100 hp; maximum speed – 11 knots; cruising range - 500 miles; fuel reserve – 700 kg; crew – 7 people. Reservation: side – 5 mm, deckhouse – 6 mm. Armament: 1x1 - 12.7 mm and 2x1 - 7.62 mm machine guns.
The boats “Alarm” and “Partizan” were built at the Kolomensky plant and put into operation in 1932. In 1941, the boats were modernized. Decommissioned in the 50s. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement – 45 tons, full displacement – 55.6 tons; length – 32 m.: width – 3.4 m.; draft – 0.9 m; power plant - 2 gasoline engines, power - 1.6 thousand hp; maximum speed – 22 knots; fuel reserve - 3.3 tons of gasoline; cruising range - 600 miles; crew - 13 people. Reservation: side and deckhouse - 5 mm. Armament: 1x1 - 76 mm gun; 2x1-7.62 mm machine guns.
The series of large armored boats of the Project 1124 type consisted of 97 units and was commissioned in 1936-1945. The boats were built at factories No. 264, No. 340 and No. 363. During the war, 12 boats were lost. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 37 - 44 tons, full displacement - 41 - 52 tons; length – 25.3 m: width – 4 m; draft – 0.8 m; power plant - 2 gasoline engines, power - 1.5 thousand hp; maximum speed – 21 knots; fuel reserve - 4.2 tons of gasoline; cruising range - 280 miles; crew - 17 people. Reservations: side - 7 mm, deck - 4 mm, deckhouse - 8 mm, turrets - 30 - 45 mm. Armament: 2x1 - 76 mm gun; 1x2 - 12.7 mm and 2x1 - 7.62 mm machine guns.
The series of small armored boats of the Project 1125 type consisted of 151 units and was commissioned in 1936-1945. The boats were built at plant No. 340. During the war, 39 boats were lost, the rest were written off in the 50s. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 37 - 44 tons, full displacement - 41 - 52 tons; length – 25.3 m: width – 4 m; draft – 0.8 m; power plant - 2 gasoline engines, power - 1.5 thousand hp; maximum speed – 21 knots; fuel reserve - 4.2 tons of gasoline; cruising range - 280 miles; crew - 17 people. Reservations: side - 7 mm, deck - 4 mm, deckhouse - 8 mm, turrets - 30 - 45 mm. Armament: 2x1 - 76 mm guns; 1x2 - 12.7 mm and 2x1 - 7.62 mm machine guns.
Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement – 26 tons, full displacement – 30 tons; length – 22.7 m: width – 3.5 m; draft – 0.6 m; power plant - gasoline engine, power - 750 - 1,200 hp; maximum speed – 20 knots; fuel reserve - 1.3 tons of gasoline; cruising range - 250 miles; crew - 13 people. Reservations: side – 4 mm, deck – 7 mm, turret – 45 mm. Armament: 1x1 - 76 mm gun; 2x2 - 12.7 mm and 1x1 - 7.62 mm machine gun; 4 min.
The series of small armored boats of the S-40 project consisted of 7 units (“BKA-21”, “BKA-23”, “BKA-26”, “BKA-31”, “BKA-33”, “BKA-34”, "BKA-81") and was built at the Zelenodolsk shipyard named after Gorky No. 340. The boats were intended for the NKVD troops to guard the state border on the Amu Darya. They entered service in 1942. The boat was developed on the basis of the Project 1125U boat. During the war, 3 boats were lost, the rest were written off in the 50s. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement – 32 tons, full displacement – 36.5 tons; length – 24.7 m: width – 3.9 m; draft – 0.6 m; power plant - 2 diesel tank engines, power - 800 hp; maximum speed – 19 knots; fuel reserve - 2.3 tons of diesel fuel; cruising range - 280 miles; crew - 13 people. Reservations: side – 4 mm, deck – 7 mm, turret – 45 mm. Armament: 1x1 - 76 mm gun; 3x1-7.62 mm machine gun.
The series of naval armored boats of the MKL type (project No. 186) built before the end of the war amounted to 8 units. The boats were built at Leningrad Plant No. 194 and put into operation in 1945. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 156 tons, full displacement - 165.5 tons; length – 36.2 m: width – 5.2 m; draft – 1.5 m; power plant – 2 diesel engines, power – 1 thousand hp; maximum speed – 14 knots; cruising range - 600 miles; crew - 42 people. Reservations: side – 30 mm, deck – 8 – 20 mm, turret – 45 mm. Armament: 2x1 - 85 mm guns; 1x1 – 37 mm anti-aircraft gun; 2x2 - 12.7 mm machine gun; 2x1 – 82 mm mortar.
From a series of boats of the "Sh-4" type, built at plant No. 194 in 1929-1932. By the beginning of the war, 26 units remained in service. During the war, 7 boats were lost, the rest were decommissioned in 1946. Performance characteristics of the boat: total displacement - 10 tons; length – 16.8 m: width – 3.3 m; draft – 0.8 m; power plant - 2 gasoline engines, power - 1.2 thousand hp; maximum speed – 45 knots; fuel reserve – 1 ton of gasoline; cruising range - 300 miles; crew – 5 people. Armament: 1x1 – 12.7 mm machine gun; 2x1 – 450 mm torpedo tubes; 2 mines.
The series of boats of the G-5 type (project 213) consisted of 329 units and was a modernized version of the Sh-4 type. The boats were built at factories No. 194, No. 532 and No. 639 in 1934 - 1944. nine series and differed in skin thickness, engines, speed and weapons. During the war, 84 boats were lost and 10 were written off. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement – 15 tons, full displacement – 18 tons; length – 9 m.: width – 3.3 m.; draft – 1.2 m; power plant - 2 gasoline engines, power - 1.7 - 2.3 thousand hp; maximum speed – 50 – 55 knots; cruising range - 200 miles; crew – 6 people. Armament: 1x2 – 7.62 mm or 1-2x1 – 12.7 mm machine gun; 2x1 – 533 mm torpedo tubes or 1x4 – 82 mm rocket launcher; 2-8 min.
A series of boats of Project 123-bis (Komsomolets) was built on the basis of the Project 123 boat, developed and built by Leningrad Plant No. 194 and commissioned in 1940 under the designation TK-351. The boat differed from the serial ones by its torpedo tubes, lack of armor, lighter weight and higher speed. The series consisted of 30 boats built in 1944-1945 (“TK-7”, “TK-100”, “TK-110” - “TK-112”, “TK-120”, “TK-122”, “ TK-123", "TK-130", "TK-131" - "TK-134", "TK-140", "TK-142", "TK-143", "TK-146", "TK- 148", "TK-472" - "TK-481", "TK-607", "TK-608"). All of them were built at Tyumen plant No. 639. The boats had duralumin hulls with 5 waterproof compartments, tube torpedo tubes and 7-mm armor for the wheelhouse and machine gun mounts. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement – 19.5 tons; full displacement – 20.5 tons; length – 18.7 m: width – 3.4 m; draft – 1.2 m; power plant - 2 gasoline engines, power - 2.4 thousand hp; maximum speed – 48 knots; cruising range - 240 miles; crew – 7 people. Armament: 2x1 – 12.7 mm machine gun; 2x1 – 457 mm torpedo tubes; release gear; 6 depth charges.
Large torpedo boats of the D-3 type (Project 19) were produced in two series. The first was built at Leningrad Plant No. 5 in 1940-1942. (26 units built). The second was built at plant No. 640 in 1943-1945. (47 units). During the war, 25 boats were lost, and 2 were written off. The boats had a wooden two-layer hull and torpedo tubes. The series differed from each other in weight, engines and weapons. Performance characteristics of series 1 boats: standard displacement – 30.8 tons, full displacement – 32.1 tons; length – 21 m.: width – 3.9 m.; draft – 0.8 m; power plant - 3 gasoline engines, power - 2.3 thousand hp; maximum speed – 32 knots; cruising range - 320 miles; crew – 9 people. Armament: 2x1 – 12.7 mm machine gun; 2x1 – 533 mm torpedo tubes; release gear; 8 depth charges. Performance characteristics of series 2 boats: standard displacement – 32 tons, full displacement – 37 tons; length – 21 m.: width – 3.9 m.; draft – 0.9 m; power plant - 3 gasoline engines, power - 3.6 thousand hp; maximum speed – 45 knots; cruising range - 500 miles; crew - 11 people. Armament: 1x1 – 20 mm anti-aircraft gun; 2x2 – 12.7 mm machine gun; 2x1 – 533 mm torpedo tubes or 2x4 – 82 mm rocket launcher; release gear; 8 depth charges.
The boat was built at Leningrad Plant No. 194 and put into operation in 1941. It was a variant of the D-3 type boat with a steel hull. The boat was decommissioned in 1950. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 21 tons, full displacement - 34 tons; length – 20.8 m: width – 3.9 m; draft – 1.5 m; power plant - 3 gasoline engines, power - 3.6 thousand hp; maximum speed – 30 knots; cruising range - 380 miles; crew – 8 people. Armament: 2x2 – 12.7 mm machine gun; 2x1 – 533 mm torpedo tubes.
A series of boats of the "Yunga" type was developed on the basis of the "OD-200" type hunter, consisted of 5 units ("TK-450" - "TK-454") and was built at plant No. 341 in 1944-1945. The boats were decommissioned in the late 50s. Performance characteristics of the boat: total displacement – 47 tons; length – 23.4 m.: width – 4.4 m.; draft – 1.7 m; power plant - 3 gasoline engines, power - 3.6 thousand hp; maximum speed – 31 knots; cruising range - 490 miles; crew - 11 people. Armament: 3x2 – 12.7 mm machine gun; 2x1 – 533 mm torpedo tubes.
The series of boats of the "ZK" type consisted of 15 units ("K-193" - "K-196", "K-206" - "K-208", "K-220", "K-325" - "K- 331"), built in the Leningrad workshop of the OGPU Marine Border Guard (plant No. 5) and commissioned in 1941. During the war, 5 boats were lost. Performance characteristics of the boat: total displacement – 19 tons; length – 19.8 m: width – 3.3 m; draft – 1.2 m; power plant - 2 gasoline engines, power - 600 hp; maximum speed – 16 knots; cruising range - 350 miles; crew - 12 people. Armament: 1x1 - 45 mm gun or 1x1 - 12.7 mm machine gun; 1x1 – 7.62 mm machine gun.
A series of boats with a wooden hull of the KM-2 type were built as border guard, patrol and service boats. In 1935-1942. 91 boats were built at the Marine Border Guard Shipyard. During the war, 67 units were converted into patrol boats, and 24 into minesweepers. During the war, 27 boats were lost. Performance characteristics of the boat: total displacement – 7 tons; length – 13.8 m: width – 3.1 m; draft – 0.8 m; power plant – gasoline engine, power – 63 hp; maximum speed – 9 knots; crew – 10 people. Armament: 1x1 – 7.62 mm machine gun.
The KM-4 type boat series was a modernized version of the KM-2 and was equipped with two engines. In 1938-1944. 222 boats were built for the Navy. During the war, 45 boats were converted into patrol boats, and 165 into minesweepers. During the war, 13 boats were lost. Performance characteristics of the boat: total displacement – 12 tons; length – 19.3 m: width – 3.4 m; draft – 0.8 m; power plant - 2 gasoline engines, power - 126 hp; maximum speed – 10 knots; cruising range - 220 miles; crew – 10 people. Armament: 1x1 – 7.62 mm machine gun.
A series of boats with a steel hull of type “A” was built at plant No. 341 in 1940-1943. in two versions - mortar boats and minesweepers. The series consisted of 22 boats. Performance characteristics of the boat: total displacement – 8 tons; length – 15.6 m.: width – 3 m.; draft – 0.6 m; power plant – gasoline engine, power – 63 hp; maximum speed – 8 knots; crew – 6 people. Armament: 1x24 – 82 mm rocket launcher; 1x1 - 12.7 mm and 1x1 - 7.62 mm machine guns.
Boats with a steel hull of the "Rybinets" type were built at plant No. 341 in 1930-1932. as work and crew boats. During the war, 37 boats were converted into patrol boats, and 44 into minesweeper boats. During the war, 27 boats were lost. Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement – 26 tons, full displacement – 30.1 tons; length – 20.8 m: width – 3.3 m; draft – 1.1 m; power plant – diesel engine, power – 136 hp; maximum speed – 9.3 knots; cruising range - 800 miles; crew - 12 people. Armament: 1-2x1 – 7.62 mm machine gun.
The series of boats of the "MKM" type consisted of 6 units ("K-192", "K-210", "K-234", "K-273", "K-274", "K-335") built in 1939 -1940 The boat "K-234" was lost in 1943. Performance characteristics of the boat: total displacement - 18.3 tons; length – 16.2 m.: width – 3.6 m.; draft – 1.2 m; power plant – gasoline engine, power – 850 hp; maximum speed – 21 knots; cruising range - 370 miles; crew – 10 people. Armament: 1x1 – 7.62 mm machine gun.
Boats with a steel hull of the Yaroslavets type were built at plant No. 345 in 1942-1945. in two versions: mortar boats (35 units) and minesweepers (33 units). Performance characteristics of the boat: total displacement – 23.4 tons; length – 18.7 m: width – 3.6 m; draft – 1 m; power plant - diesel or gasoline engine, power - 65 - 93 hp; maximum speed – 10 knots; crew – 10 people. Armament: 1x24 – 82 mm rocket launcher; 2x1 - 12.7 mm or 1x1 - 7.62 mm machine gun.
Boats with a wooden hull of the Yaroslavets type were built at plant No. 345 in 1942-1945. in two versions: mortar boats (8 units) and minesweepers (8 units). Performance characteristics of the boat: standard displacement - 19 tons, full displacement - 22.6 tons; length – 19.8 m: width – 3.4 m; draft – 1 m; power plant - diesel or gasoline engine, power - 93 - 100 hp; maximum speed – 10 knots; crew – 10 people. Armament: 1x24 – 82 mm rocket launcher; 2x1 - 12.7 mm or 1x1 - 7.62 mm machine gun.
19 crew and service boats, built at plant No. 5 in the late 30s in 1942-1944. was rebuilt into minesweepers under the designation "D-2" and "D-4". Performance characteristics of the boat: total displacement – 20.3 tons; length – 16.9 m: width – 3.6 m; draft – 1 m; power plant – diesel engine, power – 75 hp; maximum speed – 7.5 knots; cruising range - 1.8 thousand miles; crew - 11 people. Armament: 1x1 - 12.7 mm and 1x1 - 7.62 mm machine guns.
The series of boats of the "BKM-2" type consisted of 5 units and was built on the basis of towing boats in 1943-1944 at plant No. 341. Performance characteristics of the boat: total displacement – 58 tons; length – 23 m.: width – 3.5 m.; draft – 1.2 m; power plant – 2 diesel engines, power – 500 hp; maximum speed – 12 knots; crew - 16 people. Armament: 1x16 - 132 mm rocket launcher or 1x1 - 37 mm anti-aircraft gun; 1x2 – 12.7 mm machine gun.
The series of patrol boats of the "PK" type consisted of 7 units ("K-105", "K-108", "K-164", "K-165", "K-197", "K-239", "K -240") built in 1927-1928. Performance characteristics of the boat: total displacement - 16 - 29 tons; length - 17 - 22.6 m: width -3.4 - 3.8 m; draft – 0.8 – 1.5 m; power plant - diesel engine, power - 300 - 720 hp; maximum speed – 12 – 13 knots; cruising range -200 - 470 miles; crew – 7 – 13 people. Armament: 1x1 – 45 mm gun; 1 - 2x1 - 7.62 mm machine gun.
Without a doubt, our Country is a pioneer in the field of building a missile boat as a “revolutionary class”. The small size of the hull, high speed, maneuverability and the presence of strike missile weapons have made significant adjustments to the tactics of the world's navies.
Officially, the first missile boat entered service in 1960. These were maneuverable, high-speed boats 183R "Komar". He was armed with 2 missiles.
The next project was Project 205 (“Osa” according to NATO classification), already equipped with 4 P-15 missiles.
On October 21, 1967, the 1,710-ton Israeli destroyer Eilat was sunk by three P-15 missiles fired from Egyptian Komar-class missile boats on the personal orders of President Nasser in response to the destruction of two torpedo boats by an Israeli destroyer and two torpedo boats three months earlier. . This was the first time that anti-ship missiles fired from a missile boat were used in combat. It showed that missile boats were a viable weapon in modern warfare and spurred other countries to develop their own missile boats and anti-ship missiles.
Destroyer "Eilat". The first victim of anti-ship missiles.
The very first combat use showed that the new weapon radically changed tactics and views on its use at sea. A new direction of tactical thought was laid, which was then transferred to other types of forces: the concept of naval combat lost the traditional meaning inherent in it since the beginning of war at sea.
Since the offensive potential of a missile carrier is much higher than its defensive potential, survival under a retaliatory strike is extremely doubtful. Naval combat - impact on the enemy and defense against his impact - became irrational, and they began to avoid it. The main method of application was the strike - the use of weapons without entering the enemy’s counteraction zone.
Modern missile boats maintain a small displacement (100-500 tons) and high speed (30-50 knots). Typical weapons are 4 containers of anti-ship missiles and small-caliber artillery (20-40 mm). As a rule, the dynamic principle of support is implemented - boats are built on planing, or on hydrofoils, less often on an air cushion or ground effect.
However, there is also a tendency towards an increase in displacement, strengthening of weapons and means of protection.
There are examples bordering on corvettes or small missile ships, for example, the Israeli Saar 5 type.
Another trend comes from the desire to save on maintenance and operation - missile weapons are partially or completely removed for storage on the shore, boats are converted for patrol/security service.
For these reasons, in the Western classification, boats and corvettes are often combined into a common class: light attack forces ( English Fast Attack Craft, FAC).
Today, a missile boat, as a class, in its pure form, is represented in our country by one project.
Large missile boat of Project 1241 "Molniya".
A series of large missile boats were built, built at USSR shipyards in 1979-1996 and supplied both to the USSR Navy and for export to the fleets of states friendly to the USSR.
As part of the USSR Navy, the ships were actively used in all fleets (Baltic, Black Sea and Pacific) except the Northern during the 1980s and served in the coastal waters of the Soviet Union. As of 2011, Project 1241 missile boats and their modifications are in service with the Russian Navy and the navies of other states. The series consists of several subtypes, differing in the composition of weapons and the type of power plant.
This project is described in more detail in the article "Russian Navy. Immediate development prospects. Mosquito fleet."
Today, the Russian Navy has about three dozen missile boats. Most of them are over 20 years old. In principle, we can safely say that our “mosquito fleet” is morally and physically outdated. Our industry no longer produces the Termite and Moskit cruise missiles. But the construction of new missile boats is not underway.
In recent decades, naval experts have repeatedly expressed the opinion that the era of missile boats, built en masse in the 1960-1980s. and which formed the basis of the strike surface forces of the fleets of the Third World countries, ended. The basis for such hasty conclusions, in particular, was supposedly provided by the experience of combat operations of the American Navy against Iraqi boats in 1991.
Main conclusions:
“A missile boat is defenseless against aircraft, which will sink it until the weapon is used against a surface target. Therefore, continuing to build small missile boats (with a displacement of up to 350 tons) is pointless, and if you build, then large (more than 500 tons) boats armed with effective air defense systems and developed electronic warfare means."
However, upon closer examination, the obviousness of such conclusions is questionable.
Firstly, to put an end to the effectiveness of missile boats in general, considering the situation of planned offensive combat operations of the US Armed Forces, including an aircraft carrier formation, against single and sporadically operating (if this took place at all) Iraqi boats, to put it mildly, is not correct. The thesis of the dominance of aviation at sea has not been questioned by anyone since the Second World War. The actions of missile boats against large surface combatants can only be effective with guaranteed target designation, support from shore-based aviation and electronic warfare equipment, that is, by providing them with a “favored treatment” by their armed forces, and finally, using the factor of surprise.
Secondly, boats designed in the 1960s. and built in subsequent decades, clearly did not meet the requirements of the time either in terms of their main - missile - weapons, or in the capabilities of detection and target designation means, or in defensive capabilities, and, finally, in their technical condition.
In fact, the premature “funeral” of the missile boat as a class was due to two main factors. The first is the huge geopolitical changes in the world associated with the disappearance of the USSR and the collapse of the Warsaw Pact. This, on the one hand, forced almost the entire world to change priorities in military development and cast doubt on the possibility of further acquiring and maintaining the technical condition of Soviet-made military equipment, and on the other hand, it flooded the world with weapons that had become “superfluous” and could be bought relatively cheaply. The second factor is the objective absence of the need to replenish the natural loss of ship strength in the fleets of “third countries” in conditions of military-political uncertainty.
What missile boat projects have already been developed in our country and exist “on paper”?
1. Project 20970 "KATRAN" - missile and artillery boat
The boat is designed to combat enemy surface ships and combat boats, and perform patrol service to protect the maritime area in open coastal waters of the seas, oceans and inland seas.
The boat's hull is strong enough to sail in thin ice up to 0.4 m thick. The ship's seaworthiness is sufficient for safe navigation in sea conditions up to 7 points and effective use of weapons in seas up to 5 points inclusive, without restrictions on course and speed. Unsinkability is ensured when any two adjacent compartments are flooded.
The composition of the weapons is balanced and, along with a high strike potential, guarantees effective self-defense of the ship from surface and air enemies.
There are several weapon configurations for this project. Below is one of the options.
2. Project 12300 “Scorpion” - missile and artillery boat
The missile and artillery boat is designed to destroy enemy surface combat ships, boats and transports independently and in cooperation with the strike forces of the fleet.
This fourth-generation ship (according to Western classification, belongs to the class of small corvette) was created using technology to reduce radar and thermal signature.
As for the body, the Scorpion has it, it is very economical. If the cruising range of the previous generation missile boat "Molniya", which has a fuel reserve of 104 tons on board, is 2200 miles, then the "Scorpion" with 64 tons of fuel has a cruising range of 2500 miles when moving at an economic speed of 12 knots. In addition, the boat's hull is given the ability to self-stabilize on the wave; it is equipped with stern spoilers, which act as stabilizers. As a result, the level of roll of the boat is reduced by 5 times.
Performance characteristics: Displacement 465 tons (full), Length 56.7 m, Width 10.3 m, Draft 2.7 m, Speed 38 knots (maximum), 12 knots (economic), Cruising range 2500 miles at 12 knots, Autonomy voyage - 10 days, crew 37 people.
Armament: Artillery 1x1 100 mm A-190E (80 shells) – 5P-10A (“Puma”), DP-64 grenade launcher, Anti-aircraft artillery 1 ZRAK “Kashtan-1” (2x6 30 mm, 2000 shells), Missile weapons 2x2 PU RCC "Yakhont", 1 ZRAK "Kashtan-1" (8 PU SAM 9M311-1M).
Today, Scorpio is the pinnacle of evolution in this type of ship. It is armed with a Yakhont vertical launch anti-ship missile. Its main advantage is its supersonic flight speed, which makes the missile highly vulnerable to enemy air defense systems. "Yakhont" has a firing range of 300 km.
The lead boat was laid down on June 5, 2001. It was planned to complete its construction in 2005. Then it was planned to build a series, for the Russian Navy - 10, for the Federal Border Guard Service of the Russian Federation - 10. 30 boats were planned to be built for export, including for countries in the Asia-Pacific region. However, to date (December 2013), even the lead boat of this project has not been completed. However, reports about the cessation of construction also did not appear in the press.
3. Project 12418 "Molniya" - a large missile boat
The missile boat is designed to destroy enemy surface combat ships, boats and transports independently and in cooperation with naval strike forces.
As can be seen from the photograph, this project is a continuation of the development of Project 1241. The only difference is that it uses Uranus cruise missiles as strike missile weapons.
We are building these boats for the Vietnamese Navy.
16 anti-ship missiles are a serious weapon. Let me remind you that the boats of this project existing in the Russian Navy carry only 4 Moskit or Termit cruise missiles.
Performance characteristics: Displacement 538 tons (full), Length 56.1 m, Width 10.2 m, Draft 3.65 m, Speed 35 knots (maximum), 12 knots (economic), Cruising range 2400 miles at 12 knots, Autonomy voyage - 10 days, crew 42 people.
Armament: Artillery 1x76 mm AK-176M (314 rounds), 6x30 AK-630M - 2 sets (6000 rounds), Igla MANPADS - 12 sets, Missile weapons 4x4 PU anti-ship missiles "Uran-E", 120-mm passive installation complex interference PK-10 - 1 set (4 PU KT-216-E).
Let's sum it up....
Today, the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau has a number of developments that allow us to build missile and missile-artillery boats for our Navy. And given the experience of building boats for the Vietnamese Navy, it can be argued that we are able to launch serial construction.
I am very surprised by the statements of our “strategists” about the urgent need to build ships in the “ocean zone”. Yes, they are needed. But is it now? Maybe, at first, it makes sense to cover your coastal seas before going out into the Ocean? A missile boat is not that expensive. With a cruising range of up to 2,500 miles, it will easily cover our coastal waters. And with the latest anti-ship cruise missiles on board, the boat is guaranteed to create headaches for enemy ships.
We will wait for clarity in the “bright” heads of our admirals....
Project 12411 missile boats are designed to destroy enemy surface combat ships, transport and landing craft and vessels at sea, at bases, naval groups and their cover, as well as to cover friendly ships and vessels from surface and air threats.
Since 1981, Molniya missile boats in modification 12411 (12411M) began to enter service with the Navy of the Soviet Union. They are a development of the Molniya RK project 1241. The main developer is the Almaz association. In total, more than three dozen missile boats were built at various shipyards. The main difference is the installation of an anti-ship missile system with 3M-80 Moskit missiles, instead of Termit (P-15) missiles.
Nowadays, missile boats of the 12411 series are in service with the Russian Navy. Quite recently, Libya ordered three missiles with Mosquito anti-ship missiles for the needs of its Navy. (Since 2008, the Libyan side has ordered 3 RKs of Project 12411 from the Vympel shipyard. The estimated cost of the order is about $200 million).
development of RK project 12411
Combat operations involving missile ships armed with P-15 anti-ship missiles in 1967 (Arab-Israeli conflict) and 1971 (Indo-Pakistan conflict) became the starting point for the creation of a missile boat carrying on board an improved anti-missile system with a more powerful and modern anti-ship missile "Moskit". Initially, assessments were made of the possibilities of deploying Mosquito anti-ship missiles on missile boats, in particular on the Project 205 RK, which is the main carrier of the P-15 maritime anti-ship missile. As a result, the Project 205 RK was not suitable in terms of weight and size characteristics, and the Ovod MRK of Project 1234 was not suitable in terms of speed.
The required maximum speed of the new missile boat with the Moskit anti-ship missile should have been at least 42-43 knots. As it turned out, small and medium-sized missile boats could not take the Mosquitoes on board and provide the required speed.
Therefore, the task was set to design a large rocket ship with a powerful power plant installed on board. In 1973, a Decree was issued, according to which the design and development of a modern high-speed missile boat began. In addition, according to the technical specifications of the DBK, it must have the best performance characteristics, modern means of combat self-defense, electronic warfare, improved habitability and autonomy.
The design and development of the new DBK was entrusted to the Almaz association. Group of Companies Yukhnina E.I. is appointed project manager. According to the idea being implemented, the boats were developed as a whole system of large combat boats. Project 1241 became a single basis for the creation of missile, anti-submarine and patrol boats. It was planned to mass-produce ships for the needs not only of the Soviet Union, but also to meet the needs of the fleets of friendly states. This and the varying readiness of the military-industrial complex's capacity for the production of components led to the emergence and creation of several modifications based on Project 1241. The main developer was assigned to build the lead ships of the main two modifications.
The first modification is a missile ship with installed Termit P15M anti-ship missiles and a gas turbine propulsion system. This modification appeared as a result of the delay of the developers of the Moskit anti-ship missile system and the diesel gas turbine propulsion system to deliver the products by the appointed deadline. The modification received the designation 1241-1 and made it possible to begin production of the hull structure and begin production of missile boats ordered by foreign customers.
Simultaneously with the first modification, the development of the main modification was underway - the RK of Project 12411. This modification became the new missile boat that the Navy of the Soviet Union required. The lead ship of Project 1241-1 with Termit entered service with the Navy in 1979. The lead ship of Project 12411 with Moskit anti-ship missiles and a new diesel turbine unit entered service with the Navy at the end of 1981. Before this, factory tests were successfully carried out, after which the missile boat was sent to the Black Sea, where the main tests were carried out. During the tests, the ship underwent final development of the main equipment and weapons, after which the lead RK of Project 12411 successfully passed a set of state tests. After the lead missile boat is put into service, serial production of this modification begins. To quickly commission new missile ships into service, missile ships were assembled at the Khabarovsk and Sredne-Nevsky Shipyards. Both plants built and delivered an average of two or three missile boats per year; the bulk of the missile boats were built and put into operation from 1985 to 1992. Three more Project 1241-1 missile boats were built before 1985.
Device and design
The displacement of the RK is about half a thousand tons, the architecture of the new ships is smooth-deck with round bilges (front) and sharp bilges (stern). The steel body is divided into ten compartments to ensure survivability. The superstructure and internal ship bulkheads are made of aluminum alloys. The Project 12411 RK was equipped with a new combined-type diesel gas turbine unit. It consisted of two gas turbine engines and 2 diesel engines, transmitting the generated power to two fixed-pitch propellers, which provided a maximum speed of 40 knots or more.
Armament
In addition to the main anti-ship complex with the 3M-80 Moskit anti-ship missile, the missile boat was equipped with one AK-176 gun mount of 76mm caliber and two six-barrel AK-630 gun mounts of 30mm caliber. It was possible to install two blocks of Strela-3 MANPADS.
Project 12411 missile ships
A total of 34 ships were laid down; they were built at the facilities of the Leningrad Almaz, Sredne-Nevsky and Khabarovsk plants:
R-46 - serial number 402, the lead ship of the series, laid down in March 1976 at the facilities of the Almaz association, launched from the stocks in March 1980, commissioned in December 1981. Decommissioned in 1994;
R47 - serial number 206, the first ship laid down at the facilities of the Sredne-Nevsky plant in June 1983, launched from the stocks in August 1986, commissioned in February 1987. Airborne number 819. DKBF (36 BrRKA);
R-60 - serial number 207, laid down in December 1985, launched from the stocks in December 1986, commissioned in December 1987. Airborne number 955. Modernized - installation of ZAK Broadsword. Black Sea Fleet;
R-160 (MAK-160) - serial number 208, laid down in February 1986, launched from the stocks in September 1987, commissioned in August 1988. Upgraded to project 12411T. Airborne number 054. Caspian Flotilla;
R-187 (Zarechny) - serial number 209, laid down in July 1986, launched from the stocks in April 1988, commissioned in March 1989. Airborne number 855. DKBF (36 BrRKA);
R-239 - serial number 210, laid down in October 1987, launched from the stocks in December 1988, commissioned in September 1989. Airborne number 953. Black Sea Fleet;
R-334 (Ivanovets) - serial number 211, laid down in January 1988, launched from the stocks in July 1989, commissioned in December 1989. Airborne number 954. Black Sea Fleet;
R-109 – serial number 212, laid down in July 1989, launched from the stocks in April 1990, commissioned in October 1990. Airborne number 952. Black Sea Fleet;
R-291 (Dimitrovgrad) - serial number 213, laid down in December 1985, launched from the stocks in December 1986, commissioned in December 1987. Airborne number 825. DKBF (36 BrRKA);
R-293 (Morshansk) - serial number 214, laid down in April 1991, launched from the stocks in August 1991, commissioned in March 1992. Airborne number 874. DKBF;
R-2 - serial number 215, laid down in 1991, launched from the stocks in 1994, commissioned in February 2000. Airborne number 870. DKBF (36 BrRKA);
R-5 - serial number 216, the last RK laid down at the facilities of the Sredne-Nevsky plant in 1991;
R-66 - serial number 905, the first laid down by the Republic of Kazakhstan at the facilities of the Khabarovsk plant, put into operation in April 1985. Decommissioned in 1999;
R-85 – serial number 906, commissioned in September 1985;
R-103 – serial number 907, commissioned in November 1985;
R-113 – serial number 908, commissioned in December 1985. Decommissioned in 1997;
R-158 – serial number 909, commissioned in October 1986. Decommissioned in 1996;
R-76 - serial number 910, commissioned in December 1986. Decommissioned in 1996;
R-83 – serial number 911, commissioned in December 1986;
R-229 – serial number 912, commissioned in September 1987;
R-230 – serial number 913, commissioned in December 1987. Decommissioned in 1997;
R-240 – serial number 914, commissioned in October 1988;
R-261 – serial number 915, commissioned in December 1988. Airborne number 991. Pacific Fleet (2nd day of the Republic of Kazakhstan);
R-271 – serial number 916, commissioned in September 1989;
R-442 – serial number 917, commissioned in December 1989;
R-297 – serial number 918, commissioned in September 1990. Airborne number 951. Pacific Fleet;
R-298 – serial number 919, commissioned in December 1990. Airborne number 940. Pacific Fleet (2nd day of the Republic of Kazakhstan);
R-11 – serial number 920, commissioned in September 1991. Airborne number 916. Pacific Fleet (2nd day of the Republic of Kazakhstan);
R-14 – serial number 921, laid down in 1988, commissioned in December 1991. Airborne number 924. Pacific Fleet (2nd day of the Republic of Kazakhstan);
R-18 – serial number 922, commissioned in August 1992. Airborne number 937. Pacific Fleet (2nd day of the Republic of Kazakhstan);
R-19 – serial number 923, commissioned in December 1992. Airborne number 978. Pacific Fleet;
R-20 - serial number 924, laid down in 1989, launched from the stocks in October 1991, commissioned in November 1993. Airborne number 921. Pacific Fleet (2nd day of the Republic of Kazakhstan);
R-24 - serial number 925, laid down in 1989, launched from the stocks in December 1991, commissioned in December 1994. Airborne number 946. Pacific Fleet (2nd day of the Republic of Kazakhstan);
R-29 – serial number 924, the last RK, laid down at the facilities of the Sredne-Nevsky plant in 1992, put into operation in September 2003. Airborne number 916. Pacific Fleet (2nd day of the Republic of Kazakhstan).
Main characteristics:
- length – 56.1 meters;
- width – 10.2 meters;
- draft – 4.3 (2.5) meters;
- normal/max displacement – 436/493 tons;
- speed – 38-39 to 41 knots;
- range 1600 miles (speed 20 knots) or 400 miles (speed 36 knots);
- Power - diesel gas turbine unit, combined, two diesel engines (8000 hp) and two turbines (24000 hp);
- Armament – 4 launchers with 3M-80 (Moskit anti-ship missiles); one AK-176 caliber 76.2mm; two AK-630 30mm caliber; possibility of installing two Strela-3 or Igla MANPADS;
- Equipment – enhanced radar complex;
-- Boat crew – 40/41 or 44 people.
Information sources:
http://www.arms-expo.ru/049056050057124054057052055.html
http://www.militaryparitet.com/nomen/russia/navy/bokat/data/ic_nomenrussianavybokat/8/
http://bastion-karpenko.narod.ru/VVT/12411.html
http://forums.airbase.ru/2007/01/p2118204.html
The Leningrad shipyard "Pella", located in the city of Otradny, Leningrad region, began testing two Project 03160 "Raptor" patrol boats built for the Russian Navy.
Since 2013, the Pella plant has already built 11 of these boats. 2 of them are included in the Baltic Fleet, 5 - in the Black Sea Fleet, solving reconnaissance missions as part of special-purpose maritime points. Two Black Sea Raptors were transferred to Syrian Tartus in 2016. Another boat was built as a liaison boat, but is used to transport VIP naval commanders. According to the bmpd blog, it is constantly moored at the berth complex of the National Defense Control Center of the Russian Federation on the Frunzenskaya embankment of the Moscow River.
The construction of boats of various projects and purposes for the Russian Navy is perhaps the most dynamic segment of domestic shipbuilding. All of them form the so-called “mosquito fleet”, which operates with high efficiency in the coastal zone, solving a full range of defense and combat tasks at a distance of 100 to 700 miles from the base.
Speedboat "Raptor"
"Raptor", developed at the Pella plant design bureau, is perhaps the smallest boat. Its displacement is 23 tons, and its length is 17 meters. Designed to patrol its area of responsibility. But he can also go on “business trips” on board or in the docking chamber of large landing ships. Which, as mentioned above, is what the “Raptors” assigned to the Black Sea Fleet did.
These are by far the fastest boats in the Russian Navy, their speed is 48 knots. (True, two faster ones are assigned to the Caspian flotilla, but their service life is almost exhausted). That is, the Raptor is capable of delivering 20 special forces troops over a distance of 100 miles in almost 2 hours. At economic speed the boat can travel 300 miles. The enormous speed is provided by two engines with a total power of 2300 hp, powered by a water-jet propulsion system.
Crew - 2 people. The body is armored. The boat is armed with three machine guns. On the sides there are “regular” 7.62 mm machine guns. A more serious weapon is the Vladimirov heavy machine gun. It is equipped with an optical-electronic module capable of detecting targets against a background of interference at a distance of 3 km. The fire control system calculates the target's trajectory and makes corrections for disturbing factors. Aimed firing range - 2 km.
Under a contract with the Ministry of Defense, the Pella plant will build 6 more Raptors. Thus, their number will reach 17.
Project 21980 anti-sabotage boat "Rook" was developed in 2008 by the Nizhny Novgorod design bureau "Vympel". Due to the great need of the fleet for boats of this project, they are being built at three factories at once - at the Zelenodolsk shipyard, at the Vladivostok "Vostochnaya Verf" and at the Rybinsk "Vympel". Designed to combat sabotage and terrorist forces and means in the waters of naval bases.
Launching of the Grachonok boat, the first in a series of four anti-sabotage boats ordered by the Russian Ministry of Defense, at the Vympel shipyard
This is a more substantial ship than the Raptor, which has a displacement of 139 tons and a length of 31 meters. Maximum speed - 23 knots, cruising range - 200 miles. Crew - 8 people.
The boat is equipped with advanced means of monitoring the surface and underwater situation, as well as equipment that allows work to be carried out at a depth of up to 300 meters. These include: radar, hydroacoustic station, optical-electronic complex, remote-controlled underwater vehicle, ship diving complex with a pressure chamber.
Armaments include a 14.5 mm heavy machine gun and a hand grenade launcher. To protect against underwater attacks by saboteurs, an automatic 10-barreled grenade launcher of 55 mm caliber is used. It is capable of hitting saboteurs at a depth of up to 40 meters and at a distance of up to 16 meters. When firing on surfaces, the range reaches 500 meters. Protection from air attack is provided by 4 Igla MANPADS.
There are 12 boats in service. 4 more are under construction.
The main striking power of the “mosquito fleet” is provided by missile boats of several designs, which differ from each other in the anti-ship missile systems they use. These are large missile boats of projects 12411, 12411 T, 12417. All these are modifications of the basic project 1241 “Molniya”, developed in 1979 at the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau as a response to similar Western developments.
A total of 50 boats were built for the Navy and another 30 for export. Currently, 26 boats are in service, the last of which entered the fleet already in the 2000s in a fairly modernized form. Moreover, the Navy command ordered 2 more boats, which are to be built next year at the Vympel shipyard in Rybinsk.
The main weapon of the latest modifications of the boat is four P-270 Moskit supersonic cruise missiles, which were put into service in 1984. Despite the fact that the boat has a small displacement (about 500 tons), one missile is capable of destroying a ship with a displacement of 20 thousand tons. It is quite modern, as evidenced, for example, by the missile’s flight at an altitude of 7 meters, electronic warfare equipment, and a range that, depending on the flight path, is from 120 km to 250 km. And a very respectable maximum speed of 2.8 M. The rocket has the ability to maneuver.
Artillery weapons include the AK-176 76 mm caliber mount, which allows automatic firing using a ship's radar, and the 6-barreled AK-630 30 mm caliber automatic artillery mount. Protection from air attack is provided by the stationary Strela-3 air defense system.
As for the radio-technical weapons of the boat, their capabilities are not inferior to similar weapons of small missile ships.
As already mentioned, the total displacement, depending on the modification, ranges from 460 tons to 550 tons. Length - 56 meters. Width - 10 meters. Crew - 40 people, including five officers. With a substantial weight and dimensions, the boat has a maximum speed of 42 knots, at which it covers a distance of 400 miles. An economical speed of 12 knots provides a range of 2,400 miles.
The class of landing boats, of which there are 35 units in the Russian Navy, is represented by five projects. The most “ancient” of them is Project 1176 "Shark" was put into production in the early 70s. The rest date back to the Russian period of our history.
The absolute world record holder is project 11770 "Chamois". These hovercrafts, with a displacement of 99 tons and a length of 26 meters, are capable of transporting 92 fully equipped paratroopers or equipment weighing 45 tons. At the same time, it has a speed of 30 knots and a range of 600 miles. Since 1993, 16 boats have been built.
Brand new landing boats of project 21820 "Dugong" were developed in 2005 at the Central Design Bureau for hydrofoils named after. R.E. Alekseeva. The speed of this hovercraft is significantly higher - 35 knots. With a total displacement of 280 tons, it is capable of transporting up to 140 tons of cargo. These could be 2 main battle tanks, 4 armored personnel carriers, a hundred paratroopers in various combinations. The boat can land troops on an unprepared shore, so to speak, on a “wild” shore. It is assumed that each fleet should have 4-5 such boats. So far, 5 have been built. Each of them was given the names of officers who distinguished themselves during the Patriotic War of 1812 - “Ataman Platov”, “Denis Davydov”, “Ivan Kartsov”, “Lieutenant Rimsky-Korsakov”, “Midshipman Lermontov”. Currently, 9 more boats are being built.
Landing boat "Michman Lermontov" project 21820 "Dugong"
Project 02250 landing boats, developed by the Euroyachting company, owned by the Rybinsk shipyard, began construction in 2014. Two units are ready. It is small, with a displacement of 20 tons, but a high-speed boat, reaching a speed of 40 knots. Transports 19 paratroopers over a distance of 400 miles. The boat is armed with machine guns, as well as an unmanned aerial vehicle used for reconnaissance purposes. The boat also provides for the deployment of four mines. The designers provided four more modifications of the boat: a command boat, a medical boat with an intensive care unit, a firefighter, and a diving boat.
The “old-new” line represents a very interesting line in combat terms. hovercraft landing craft project 12061 "Murena-M", developed at the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau. Its construction should begin very soon. This is a modification of the Moray, which, starting in the 80s, was built in 11 copies. “Moray eel” was a development of the 70s boat of Project 1206 “Squid”, which reaches a speed of 55 knots. Two such boats still serve in the Caspian flotilla.
Moray also has a record speed of 55 knots. However, it has significantly increased firepower. The Kalmar is equipped with only two 12.7 mm machine guns. "Moray" is capable of providing effective fire support to landing troops. It is armed with two 30-mm automatic artillery mounts and two grenade launchers of the same caliber. There are also 8 Igla MANPADS on board.
Landing hovercraft "Jeyran" and "Kalmar"
The Murena-M boat has a total displacement of 150 tons. Length - 31 meters, width - 14.6 meters. Range - 200 miles. Crew - 12 people. Capable of transporting one tank, or 2 armored personnel carriers, or 140 marines. Can overcome obstacles 0.8 meters high.
The construction of five Murena-M boats is planned.
4 more boats, which belong to an endangered type of weapons, continue to be in service. This artillery boats of projects 1204 "Shmel". It has a turret from a PT-76B amphibious tank with a 76-mm cannon. In the 60s - 79s, 118 such boats were built. We have 4 of them left. Since the boats were built in Nikolaev, they are now used in large numbers in Ukraine.
