Psychological types. Sergei Yesenin The ninth myth: a forged will

One of the most amazing Russian poets, Sergei Yesenin, was killed in one of the hotels in St. Petersburg in 1925. The killers wanted to arrange everything in such a way as to later pass off the incident as a suicide: having dragged Yesenin’s body into one of the rooms of the Angleterre Hotel, they tied it to a pipe that was under the ceiling, thus hanging the body of the already dead poet for it.

Murder of Sergei Yesenin

More than 70 years later, after the collapse of the USSR, many scientists, historians and people simply not indifferent to the poet’s work began to seriously talk about the possible murder of the poet. Perhaps after so much time they managed to discover the secret of his death?

In 1925, when Yesenin’s body was found, it was announced that the poet had committed suicide. For decades, Soviet law enforcement agencies tried by all possible means to hide the truth about the circumstances of the case, not even allowing their own employees to doubt the veracity of the official version. Only relatively recently did researchers and historians begin to receive various information and facts that shook the inviolability of the official version of suicide and forced them to talk seriously about Yesenin’s murder. But, without taking into account all the existing materials proving the version of the poet’s deliberate murder, government officials still continue to resist conducting an objective and thorough investigation and assessing the circumstances under which he died.

Details of Yesenin's murder

The body of the poet Sergei Yesenin was found hanging by a pipe in one of the rooms of the Angleterre Hotel in St. Petersburg on December 28, 1925. Thousands of people were shocked by the news of his death. Many of the poet’s acquaintances were not surprised by this ending of Yesenin’s life, since he had many ill-wishers. The poet's suicide was accepted among writers, as they were sure that he was driven to this act by representatives of the Soviet government. But even at that time there were people who did not accept the official version and assumed that Yesenin had actually been killed.

The first information about what happened appeared on December 29, 1925 on the pages of Leningrad newspapers, and the very next day the news that the famous poet Sergei Yesenin committed suicide in one of the issues of Angleterre spread throughout Russia. The so-called “friends” of the poet, his comrades and acquaintances, one after another, began to publish their own memories of friendship with Yesenin and his character: about drunkenness, hooliganism and the countless women who surrounded him. Many critics immediately began to find confirmation of his desperate state in the poet’s poems, seeing in them disappointment in life and serious mental deviations. Newspapers published Yesenin's so-called suicide letter, which, according to journalists, he wrote in blood in his hotel room before his own death. After some time, it became clear that the poem appeared only in newspapers and was not taken into account in the investigation. During a meeting of newspapermen with the poet’s mother, it was possible to find out that the letter was written a couple of months before the poet’s death and was addressed to Yesenin’s friend, Alexei Ganin (who was under arrest in those days and was later executed in prison). The poet’s mother Tatyana Fedorovna also admitted that she was sure that Sergei was killed by “bad people.” But in all subsequent years, this poem was presented by newspapermen as irrefutable evidence of Yesenin’s suicide.

But true writers, who doubted the official version, began to conduct independent investigations. Later, all this information and research results were published in magazines and newspapers, but were never analyzed by handwriting experts in order to confirm the authorship of the documents by those who signed them. Most of the documents to this day are stored in archives classified as “secret” and their study is impossible.

Investigative errors or deliberate cover-up of a crime?

Many historians and independent investigators doubt the quality of the investigative actions being carried out in the Yesenin case. The speed with which the investigation was carried out was impressive - law enforcement officers conducted several interrogations and drew up a couple of reports and reports. This completed all investigative actions. It is surprising that there was no protocol in the case, which should have included a description of the scene of the incident, and law enforcement officers did not conduct an investigative experiment. A month later, the investigation stopped, and the thickness of the Yesenin case file did not increase by a single new page and was not replenished with a new document.

Viktor Kuznetsov, a member of the Union of Writers of the Russian Federation, an associate professor at the Academy of Culture in St. Petersburg, made a huge contribution to the investigation into the circumstances of Yesenin’s death. In his writings, the author more than once expressed his opinion that the poet was actually killed. He believed that in fact there is not a single piece of evidence that Yesenin committed suicide, but there are many facts that indicate that he was killed.

According to Kuznetsov, on the day when Sergei Yesenin arrived in Leningrad, the security officer Blyumkin, who knew the poet well and was well into the circles of the literary elite, invited Yesenin to the hotel to celebrate the meeting of his comrades. But the poet never crossed the threshold of the hotel on his own. No information about the poet was found in the documents about visitors to Angleterre that night. After communicating with the employees of the establishment who worked that night, it was also established that no one met Yesenin in the hotel building. It is known that the poet, due to his character, was a very sociable person with a “conspicuous” behavior, so it seems unlikely that all the hotel staff did not notice his presence. And this prompted Kuznetsov to look elsewhere for an answer. The version that he voices in his writings tells readers a completely different story of the murder. Upon arrival in Leningrad, the poet Yesenin was arrested on the verbal orders of Leon Trotsky. The poet was interrogated for four days in house No. 8/23 on Mayorova Avenue. The security officers intended to make Sergei Yesenin a secret employee of the Main Political Directorate. It is very doubtful that Trotsky ordered the death of the poet; most likely the murder occurred due to negligence during interrogations. Immediately after the murder, Blumkin called Trotsky, who gave instructions to prepare everything and expect that tomorrow a message would appear in the newspapers about a mentally unstable, decadent poet who committed suicide. And that's exactly how it happened.

The then famous doctor I. Oksenov also wrote about the strange wound on Yesenin’s face. P. Luknitsky also recalled the severe damage in his book.

Many photographs were taken at the crime scene, all of which are now kept in the poet’s museum. In it, everyone can see the death masks of Yesenin’s face. All these materials convincingly prove that the poet not only did not commit suicide, but also very persistently and harshly fought off his own killers. In addition, Yesenin’s height (1.68 m) cast doubt on the possibility that the poet could hang himself from a pipe under the ceiling, the height of which in Angleterre was 4.5 meters.

Why was Yesenin killed?

What reason became so compelling to kill the public’s favorite, one of the most outstanding poets in Russia at that time? What exactly was so alarming to the Soviet authorities in Yesenin’s poems?

The main reason for the poet's tragic end was Yesenin's rejection of the revolution and his faith in God. For the state system, the popularization of Yesenin’s poems meant faith in God for ordinary people; the communists were seriously afraid of this, since the doctrine of communism presupposes faith only in communism itself, all religions were rejected by it. In some poems, the young poet allowed himself to curse the power of the Soviets. Sergei Yesenin often spoke negatively and without fear in letters to his friends who collaborated with the OGPU or openly supported their work. It was these facts, according to many researchers, that served as the reasons for the cruel persecution of the poet, the presentation of Yesenin as a hooligan, an alcoholic, an immoral person and, on top of everything else, a mentally ill person.

Some time after Yesenin's murder, his poems were banned by the Soviet authorities. For storing and reading his works, people were convicted under Article 58. The entire fight against the “Yesenschina” took the Soviet government many more decades after his death.

Sergei Yesenin and Wolf Ehrlich with students of the Agricultural Institute at the monument to A.S. Pushkin. Tsarskoye Selo. Presumably 1924 oldsp.ru

Myth one: the last poet of the village

The image of a poet with a peasant origin was cultivated by Yesenin persistently and purposefully. However, this origin varied as necessary, from a boy from a simple peasant family to the grandson of a wealthy Old Believer. The truth, as often happens, is in the middle: the Yesenin family was of average income, and there were no Old Believers in it.

Myth two: I came to literature on foot

Ordinary readers usually imagine the beginning of the poet’s creative path like this: first his native village of Konstantinovo, and then St. Petersburg. Yesenin appears as a kind of Lomonosov, in bast shoes and from a plow, who came to the capital on foot.

However, between these points in his biography there were three more years spent in Moscow: years of work in Sytin’s printing house, acquaintance with the literary environment and the work of the Symbolists, studying at Shanyavsky University - that is, the time of acquaintance with the world of the big city and great literature, the formation of the personality of the future poet.

Myth three: a student of a peasant poet

Eight years before Sergei Yesenin, Nikolai Klyuev began his high-profile career as a peasant poet in St. Petersburg. The similarity of their literary images and scandalous joint performances created the myth of Klyuev as Yesenin’s first teacher and his guide in the difficult literary life of St. Petersburg. According to Mariengof’s memoirs, Yesenin himself contributed to the formation of this myth.

“—Let, I think, everyone think: I introduced him into Russian literature. They are pleased, but I don’t care. Did Gorodetsky introduce it? Entered. Klyuev introduced? Entered. Did they introduce Sologub and Chebotarevskaya? Entered. In a word, Merezhkovsky and Gippius, and Blok, and Rurik Ivnev...”

Anatoly Mariengof.“A Novel Without Lies” (1927)

However, if you follow the chronology, the first person Yesenin turned to in St. Petersburg was Alexander Blok. Then - Sergei Gorodetsky. It was they who primarily contributed to the expansion of his “useful” acquaintances.

Myth four: visit Blok

A kind of myth was created by Yesenin and from his acquaintance with Blok. In his story, transmitted by Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky, Yesenin appears as an uncomme il faut, but in love with poetry, a village nugget who uninvitedly appeared to the venerable poet and patron of young talents.

“He was like an icon to me, and even while passing through Moscow I decided: I’ll get to Petrograd and I’ll definitely see him.<…>Well, I got off at the Nikolaevsky station with a chest behind my back, I’m standing on the square and don’t know where to go next: the city is unfamiliar.<…>I stopped a passerby and asked: “Where does Alexander Aleksandrovich Blok live here?” “I don’t know,” he answers, “but who will he be?” Well, I didn’t explain to him, I moved on.<…>
Here is the door to his apartment.<…>The cook meets me. “What do you want, boy?” “I would like,” I answer, “to see Alexander Alexandrovich.” And I myself am waiting for her to say “I’m not at home,” and I’ll have to leave without a sip. She looked at me, wiped her hands on her apron and said: “Okay, I’ll go and tell you.” Just you, darling, go out onto the stairs and stand there. As you can see, I have pots and dishes here, and you are an unknown person. Who knows you!’ She left and slammed the door on the hook. I'm standing. I am waiting. Finally the door is wide open again. “Come in,” he says, “just dry your feet!” I enter the kitchen, put down the chest, take off my hat, and Alexander Alexandrovich himself comes out of the room to meet me.
- Hello! Who are you?
I explain that I was the one who brought him the poems. Blok smiles:
- I thought you were from Boblov. Fellow countrymen sometimes come to see me. Well, let's go! - and took me with him.”

Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky.“Pages of life. Memories" (1962)

However, the pedantic Blok preserved other evidence of this meeting. Firstly, the note that Yesenin sent in the morning with a request to receive him: “Alexander Alexandrovich! I'd like to talk to you. This is a very important matter for me. You don’t know me, but maybe you’ve seen my name in magazines somewhere. I would like to come in at 4 o’clock. With respect, S. Yesenin.” And secondly, Blok’s own commentary on this note: “Peasant of the Ryazan province. 19 years. The poems are fresh, clean, vociferous, verbose. Language. Came to see me on March 9, 1915.”

Myth five: naive and inexperienced

The poet spent a lot of effort on creating the image of a naive and simple-minded shirtless guy, so beloved by readers and fans of his work. However, naivety was by no means Yesenin’s natural quality. On the contrary, prudence and thoughtfulness are what helped the aspiring poet to quickly gain the support of influential writers and begin to be published in leading literary magazines.

“...In a good, sincere way (and not with feigned sincerity, which the great master was also capable of) said:
“You know, I’ve never worn such red boots in my life, or such a tattered undershirt as I appeared in front of them.” I told them that I was going to Riga to roll barrels. There’s nothing to eat, they say. And to St. Petersburg for a day or two, until my batch of movers arrives. And what kind of barrels there are - I came to St. Petersburg for world fame, for a bronze monument...”

Anatoly Mariengof.“A Novel Without Lies” (1927)

Myth six: self-confident and indifferent to the opinions of others

A naive and simple-minded poet from God must be above the vanity of critics and the words of envious writers, hence the myth about Yesenin’s indifference to other people’s opinions about him. However, like any poet, Yesenin was very sensitive to criticism, collected clippings from various publications (two notebooks of clippings have survived) and remembered by heart the most flattering and offensive reviews.

Myth seven: drunken poet

A drunkard and a hooligan - these are the most common characteristics of the poet. Indeed, binges, drunken brawls and scandals were an integral part of Yesenin’s life, but still he did not compose poems in a drunken stupor. “I never write drunk,” Yesenin himself said. His friends also recalled this, for example Ilya Shneider, who confirmed that Yesenin never wrote poetry while drunk.

Myth eight: victim of a conspiracy

The murder of Yesenin is the most popular myth about the poet. Chekists, Jews, literary envious people - whoever is accused of committing this thoughtful and cruel reprisal. The most fantastic version is that the poet was killed with a pistol shot, wrapped in a carpet and wanted to be taken out of the hotel room through the window, but the body did not pass through the window opening, after which it was decided to stage suicide by hanging. An equally original idea: Yesenin was killed somewhere else, and the already dead one was brought to Angleterre. Or, as a last resort, they first beat him and then hung him bleeding from a pipe. However, none of these theories stand up to the test of facts. And they are as follows: at the end of 1925, Yesenin’s psychological state was extremely difficult; for about a month he was in a Moscow psychiatric clinic, from where he escaped to Leningrad. Before leaving, he visited all his relatives and said goodbye to them.

“...I saw him shortly before his death. He said he came to say goodbye. To my question: “What? Why?” - he says: “I’m washing away, leaving, feeling bad, probably going to die.” I asked him not to spoil him, to take care of his son.”

Anna Izryadnova, Yesenin's first common-law wife

Yesenin’s poetry no less eloquently testifies to his desire for death: over the past two years, several hundred references to death have been found in his poems, most of which are about suicide.

Myth number nine: a forged will

An invariable part of conspiracy theories about Yesenin’s murder is the idea of ​​falsification of the poet’s last poem “Goodbye, my friend, goodbye...”. According to the idea of ​​the conspiracy, the poet Wolf Ehrlich, to whom the poem is dedicated, was in fact an agent of the GPU assigned to the poet and directly involved in his murder. That is why he hid the autograph of the poem. According to another version, the poem was written by security officer Yakov Blumkin after the murder of Yesenin. However, all this is just the fantasy of mystery lovers: an examination carried out in the 1990s proved that the handwriting on the note belongs to Sergei Yesenin himself.

Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin is a great Russian lyric poet. Most of his works are new peasant poetry and lyrics. Later creativity belongs to Izhanism, as it contains many used images and metaphors.

The date of birth of the literary genius is September 21, 1895. He comes from the Ryazan province, the village of Konstantinovka (Kuzminskaya volost). Therefore, many works are dedicated to love for Rus', there are a lot of new peasant lyrics. The financial condition of the future poet's family could not even be called tolerable, since his parents were quite poor.

All of them belonged to a peasant family, and therefore were forced to work a lot with physical labor. Sergei's father, Alexander Nikitich, also went through a long career. As a child, he was fond of singing in the church choir and had good vocal abilities. When he grew up, he went to work in a meat shop.

Chance helped him get a good position in Moscow. It was there that he became a clerk, and the family's income became higher. But this did not bring joy to his wife, Yesenin’s mother. She saw her husband less and less, which could not but affect their relationship.

Another reason for discord in the family was that after his father moved to Moscow, the boy began to live with his own Old Believer grandfather, his mother’s father. It was there that he received a male upbringing, which his three uncles did in their own way. Since they did not have time to start their own families, they tried to pay a lot of attention to the boy.

All the uncles were unmarried sons of Yesenin’s grandfather’s grandmother, who were distinguished by their cheerful disposition and, to some extent, youthful mischief. They taught the boy to ride a horse in a very unusual way: they put him on a horse, which galloped. There was also training in swimming in the river, when little Yesenin was simply thrown naked from a boat directly into the water.

As for the poet’s mother, she was affected by the separation from her husband when he was on long service in Moscow. She got a job in Ryazan, where she fell in love with Ivan Razgulyaev. The woman left Alexander Nikitich and even gave birth to a second child from her new partner. Sergei's half-brother was named Alexander. Later, the parents finally got back together, Sergei had two sisters: Katya and Alexandra.

Education

After such home education, the family decided to send Seryozha to study at the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School. He studied there from nine to fourteen years old and was distinguished not only by his abilities, but also by his bad behavior. Therefore, in one year of study, by decision of the school administrator, he was left for the second year. But still, the final grades were exceptionally high.

At this time, the parents of the future genius decided to live together again. The boy began to come to his home more often during the holidays. Here he went to the local priest, who had an impressive library with books from various authors. He carefully studied many volumes, which could not but influence his creative development.

After graduating from the zemstvo school, he moved to the parish school, located in the village of Spas-Klepki. Already in 1909, after five years of study, Yesenin graduated from the Zemstvo School in Konstantinovka. His family's dream was for their grandson to become a teacher. He was able to realize it after studying at Spas-Klepiki.

It was there that he graduated from the second-class teacher's school. She also worked at the church parish, as was customary in those days. Now there is a museum dedicated to the work of this great poet. But after receiving his teaching education, Yesenin decided to go to Moscow.

In crowded Moscow, he had to work both in a butcher shop and in a printing house. His own father got him a job in the shop, since the young man had to ask him for help in finding a job. Then he got him a job in an office where Yesenin quickly became bored with the monotonous work.

When he served in the printing house as an assistant proofreader, he quickly became friends with poets who were part of Surikov’s literary and musical circle. Perhaps this influenced the fact that in 1913 he did not enter, but became a free student at the Moscow City People's University. There he attended lectures at the Faculty of History and Philosophy.

Creation

Yesenin’s passion for writing poetry was born in Spas-Klepiki, where he studied at a parish teacher’s school. Naturally, the works had a spiritual orientation and were not yet imbued with notes of lyrics. Such works include: “Stars”, “My Life”. When the poet was in Moscow (1912-1915), it was there that he began his more confident attempts at writing.

It is also very important that during this period in his works:

1. The poetic device of imagery was used. The works were replete with skillful metaphors, direct or figurative images.
2. During this period, new peasant imagery was also visible.
3. One could also notice Russian symbolism, since the genius loved creativity.

The first published work was the poem “Birch”. Historians note that when writing it, Yesenin was inspired by the works of A. Fet. Then he took the pseudonym Ariston, not daring to send the poem to print under his own name. It was published in 1914 by the Mirok magazine.

The first book “Radunitsa” was published in 1916. Russian modernism was also evident in it, as the young man moved to Petrograd and began to communicate with famous writers and poets:

• CM. Gorodetsky.
• D.V. Philosophers.
• A. A. Blok.

In “Radunitsa” there are notes of dialectism and numerous parallels drawn between the natural and the spiritual, since the name of the book is the day when the dead are venerated. At the same time, the arrival of spring occurs, in honor of which the peasants sing traditional songs. This is the connection with nature, its renewal and honoring those who have passed on.

The poet's style also changes, as he begins to dress a little more fabulously and more elegantly. This could also have been influenced by his guardian Klyuev, who supervised him from 1915 to 1917. The poems of the young genius were then listened to with attention by S.M. Gorodetsky, and the great Alexander Blok.

In 1915, the poem “Bird Cherry” was written, in which he endows nature and this tree with human qualities. The bird cherry seems to come to life and show its feelings. After being drafted into the war in 1916, Sergei began communicating with a group of new peasant poets.

Because of the released collection, including “Radunitsa,” Yesenin became more widely known. It even reached the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna herself. She often called Yesenin to Tsarskoe Selo so that he could read his works to her and her daughters.

In 1917, a revolution occurred, which was reflected in the works of the genius. He received a “second wind” and, inspired, decided to release a poem in 1917 called “Transfiguration.” It caused great resonance and even criticism, since it contained many slogans of the International. All of them were presented in a completely different way, in the style of the Old Testament.

The perception of the world and commitment to the church also changed. The poet even stated this openly in one of his poems. Then he began to focus on Andrei Bely and began communicating with the poetry group “Scythians”. Works from the late twenties include:

• Petrograd book “Dove” (1918).
• Second edition “Radunitsa” (1918).
• Series of collections of 1918-1920: Transfiguration and Rural Book of Hours.

The period of Imagism began in 1919. It means the use of a large number of images and metaphors. Sergei enlists the support of V.G. Shershenevich and founded his own group, which absorbed the traditions of futurism and style. An important difference was that the works were of a pop nature and involved open reading in front of the viewer.

This gave the group great fame against the backdrop of bright performances with the use. Then they wrote:

• "Sorokoust" (1920).
• Poem "Pugachev" (1921).
• Treatise “The Keys of Mary” (1919).

It is also known that in the early twenties Sergei began selling books and rented a shop to sell printed publications. It was located on Bolshaya Nikitskaya. This activity brought him income and distracted him a little from creativity.

After communicating and exchanging opinions and stylistic techniques with A. Mariengof Yesenin, the following were written:

• “Confession of a Hooligan” (1921), dedicated to the actress Augusta Miklashevskaya. Seven poems from one cycle were written in her honor.
• "The Three-Ridner" (1921).
• “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry” (1924).
• "Poems of a Brawler" (1923).
• “Moscow Tavern” (1924).
• "Letter to a Woman" (1924).
• “Letter to Mother” (1924), which is one of the best lyric poems. It was written before Yesenin’s arrival in his native village and dedicated to his mother.
• "Persian Motifs" (1924). In the collection you can see the famous poem “You are my Shagane, Shagane.”

After this, the poet began to travel frequently. His travel geography was not limited to Orenburg and the Urals alone; he even visited Central Asia, Tashkent and even Samarkand. In Urdy, he often visited local establishments (teahouses), traveled around the old city, and made new acquaintances. He was inspired by Uzbek poetry, oriental music, as well as the architecture of local streets.

After the marriage, numerous trips to Europe followed: Italy, France, Germany and other countries. Yesenin even lived in America for several months (1922-1923), after which notes were made with impressions of living in this country. They were published in Izvestia and called “Iron Mirgorod”.

In the mid-twenties, a trip to the Caucasus was also made. There is an assumption that it was in this area that the collection “Red East” was created. It was published in the Caucasus, after which the poem “Message to the Evangelist Demyan” was published in 1925. The period of imagism continued until the genius quarreled with A. B. Mariengof.

He was also considered a critic and well-known opponent of Yesenin. But at the same time, they did not show hostility publicly, although they were often pitted against each other. Everything was done with criticism and even respect for each other’s creativity.

After Sergei decided to break with imagism, he began to give frequent reasons for criticism of his behavior. For example, after 1924, various incriminating articles began to be published regularly about how he was seen drunk or causing rows and scandals in establishments.

But such behavior was just hooliganism. Due to the denunciations of ill-wishers, several criminal cases were immediately opened, which were later closed. The most notorious of them is the Case of the Four Poets, which included accusations of anti-Semitism. At this time, the health of the literary genius also began to deteriorate.

As for the attitude of the Soviet authorities, they were worried about the poet’s condition. There are letters indicating that Dzerzhinsky is being asked to help and save Yesenin. They say that a GPU employee should be assigned to Sergei to prevent him from drinking himself to death. Dzerzhinsky responded to the request and attracted his subordinate, who was never able to find Sergei.

Personal life

Yesenin's common-law wife was Anna Izryadnova. He met her when he worked as an assistant proofreader in a printing house. The result of this marriage was the birth of a son, Yuri. But the marriage did not last long, since already in 1917 Sergei married Zinaida Reich. During this time, they had two children at once - Konstantin and Tatyana. This union also turned out to be fleeting.

The poet entered into an official marriage with Isadora Duncan, who was a professional dancer. This love story was remembered by many, as their relationship was beautiful, romantic and partly public. The woman was a famous dancer in America, which fueled public interest in this marriage.

At the same time, Isadora was older than her husband, but the age difference did not bother them.

Sergei met Duncan in a private workshop in 1921. Then they began to travel together throughout Europe, and also lived for four months in America - the dancer’s homeland. But after returning from abroad, the marriage was dissolved. The next wife was Sofia Tolstaya, who was a relative of the famous classic; the union also broke up in less than a year.

Yesenin’s life was also connected with other women. For example, Galina Benislavskaya was his personal secretary. She was always by his side, partly dedicating her life to this man.

Illness and death

Yesenin had problems with alcohol, which were known not only to his friends, but also to Dzerzhinsky himself. In 1925, the great genius was hospitalized in a paid clinic in Moscow, specializing in psychoneurological disorders. But already on December 21, the treatment was completed or, possibly, interrupted at the request of Sergei himself.

He decided to temporarily move to Leningrad. Before this, he interrupted his work with Gosizdat and withdrew all his funds that were in government accounts. In Leningrad, he lived in a hotel and often communicated with various writers: V. I. Erlich, G. F. Ustinov, N. N. Nikitin.

Death overtook this great poet unexpectedly on December 28, 1928. The circumstances under which Yesenin passed away, as well as the cause of death itself, have not yet been clarified. This happened on December 28, 1925, and the funeral itself took place in Moscow, where the genius’s grave is still located.

On the night of December 28, an almost prophetic farewell poem was written. Therefore, some historians suggest that the genius committed suicide, but this is not a proven fact.

In 2005, the Russian film “Yesenin” was shot, in which he played the main role. Also before this, the series “The Poet” was filmed. Both works are dedicated to the great Russian genius and received positive reviews.

1. Little Sergei was unofficially an orphan for five years, as he was looked after by his maternal grandfather Titov. The woman simply sent the father funds to support his son. My father was working in Moscow at that time.
2. At the age of five the boy already knew how to read.
3. At school, Yesenin was given the nickname “the atheist,” since his grandfather once renounced the church craft.
4. In 1915, military service began, followed by a deferment. Then Sergei again found himself on military lavas, but as a nurse.

Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin (September 21 (October 3) ( 18951003 ) , village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan province - December 28, Leningrad) - Russian poet, one of the most popular and famous Russian poets of the 20th century.

Biography

early years

Born in the village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan province, into a peasant family, father - Alexander Nikitich Yesenin (1875-1967), mother - Tatyana Fedorovna Titova (1875-1955). In 1904, Yesenin went to the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School, then began studying at a closed church-teachers school.

In 1915-1917 Yesenin maintained friendly relations with the poet Leonid Kannegiser, who later killed the chairman of the Petrograd Cheka, Uritsky.

In 1917 he met and on July 4 of the same year got married to Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich, a Russian actress, the future wife of the outstanding director V. E. Meyerhold. At the end of 1919 (or in 1920), Yesenin left his family, and Zinaida Reich, who was pregnant with her son (Konstantin), was left with her one-and-a-half-year-old daughter, Tatyana. On February 19, 1921, the poet filed for divorce, in which he undertook to provide for them financially (the divorce was officially filed in October 1921). Subsequently, Sergei Yesenin repeatedly visited his children adopted by Meyerhold.

Yesenin's acquaintance with Anatoly Mariengof and his active participation in the Moscow group of Imagists dates back to 1918 - early 1920s.

Death

Posthumous photo of Yesenin

According to the official version, Yesenin, in a state of depression (a month after treatment in a psychoneurological hospital), committed suicide (hanged himself). Neither contemporaries of the event, nor in the next few decades after the poet’s death, other versions of the event were expressed. In the 1970-1980s, mainly in nationalist circles, versions also arose about the murder of the poet followed by the staging of his suicide: motivated by jealousy, selfish motives, murder by OGPU officers.

He was buried in Moscow at the Vagankovskoye cemetery.

Poetry

see also

Notes

Links

• Classics: Yesenin Sergei Alexandrovich: Collected works in the library of Maxim Moshkov
• Sergey Yesenin. Collection of poems
• Sergei Yesenin in the Anthology of Russian Poetry
• Selected works of Sergei Yesenin in Russian and English Translation by A. S. Vagapov
• Yesenin on Elements
• Yuri Prokushev. A word about Yesenin
• Galina Benislavskaya. Memories of Yesenin
• Victor Kuznetsov.

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The meaning of the word yesenin

Yesenin in the crossword dictionary

Yesenin

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

Yesenin

ESENIN Sergei Alexandrovich (1895-1925) Russian poet. From his first collections ("Radunitsa", 1916; "Rural Book of Hours", 1918) he appeared as a subtle lyricist, a master of deeply psychologized landscape, a singer of peasant Rus', an expert on the folk language and the people's soul. In 1919-23 he was a member of the group of Imagists (see Imagism). A tragic attitude and mental confusion are expressed in the cycles “Mare’s Ships” (1920), “Moscow Tavern” (1924), and the poem “The Black Man” (1925). In the poem “The Ballad of Twenty-Six” (1924), dedicated to the Baku commissars, the collection “Soviet Rus'” (1925), and the poem “Anna Snegina” (1925), Yesenin sought to comprehend “the commune-raised Russia,” although he continued to feel like a poet of “the passing Rus' ", "golden log hut". Dramatic poem "Pugachev" (1921). In a state of depression, he committed suicide.

Yesenin (surname)

Yesenin- surname, according to one version, comes from the word this autumn(this is what autumn was called in the Ryazan region), according to another - on behalf of Turkic origin.

Yesenin (TV series)

"Yesenin" is a Russian multi-part feature television film presenting a conspiracy theory about the death of the great Russian poet Sergei Yesenin. The film was directed by Igor Zaitsev based on the work of Vitaly Bezrukov “Sergei Yesenin”, the main role was played by Sergei Bezrukov. The premiere took place in 2005. Subsequently, the series was repeated on Perts and on Channel One in the fall of 2015 for the 120th anniversary of the birth of Sergei Yesenin on Sundays for three episodes in a row

Examples of the use of the word yesenin in literature.

Yesenin in 1924 in his autobiography, - in 1895 on September 21 in the village of Konstantinov, Kuzminsky volost, Ryazan province.

That winter our program was extensive: first Goethe and Schiller, then Chekhov, Gorky, and poetry - from the Acmeists to Mayakovsky and Yesenina, Soviet literature.

When I think about Yesenin in the West, both the first anecdote and the Sokolov incident always come to my mind.

Adamovich Georgy - 190,191,194, 291,308 Andropov Yuri - 127,128 Annensky Innokenty - 295, 314 Anrep Boris - 247 Akhmatova Anna - 7,10,13,14,30, 36,43,45,47,50,56-59,93,100, 101,106,108,109,138,142 -144, 157,161,181,190,192,204,206, 213-215,218,223-228,230-256, 261-278,289,295,310,312-314, 317 Bagritsky Eduard - 308 Byron George - 5,51,96,1 38-140,149,152,233,272 Bakst Leon - 173 Balanchine George - 189,190,193,196,197,291,292 Baratynsky Evgeniy - 52,56,173,227-230 Baryshnikov Mikhail - 177,179-181,184,214,283,296,297,302-305,307 Batyushkov Konstantin - 51 Bach Johann Sebastian - 100, 204,213,240,241,263 Bakhtin Mikhail - 174,290 Beckett Samuel - 14 ,135 Bely Andrey - 150,289 Benkendorf Alexander - 107 Berdyaev Nikolai - 49,191 Beria Lavrentiy - 55 Berkovsky Naum - 230 Berlin Isaiah - 173,181,247,248,266,269 Burns Robert - 34 Berryman John - 145 Beethoven Ludwig van - 44 Bitov Andrey - 287 Bleriot Louis - 246 Blok Alexander - 22,50,155,227,228,233,240,251,274,275,277,288,2 95,301,314 Bobyshev Dmitry - 226,227,232 Baudelaire Charles -

Yesenin He sat down next to him on the sofa and, like a wooden ball from a bilboke cup, dropped his head from his shoulders into his hands.

Lilechka also learned all the other news that had escaped her foggy consciousness - about Levka’s sudden baldness, and about Verka’s unnatural passion for the poet Yesenin, and about the suffering of the polyglot Smykov, and about Kirkwood’s amber, which almost destroyed or, conversely, almost immortalized them, and about the forced flight to the world of the Varnaks.

Yesenin I felt myself, my inner world and my poems implausible and doomed to disappear, like that dog without a muzzle that bit Rogozhin.

Vsevolod, she heard the rustle of peacock tails, enviable Baku suitors made jokes, squealed in Blok’s verses Yesenina, played music, fell into deep thought, as if wrapped in a cloak, or dressed up in simple clothes, presenting themselves as reliable and friendly guys.

In one futuristic magazine in nineteen eighteen, a certain Georgy Gaer blasted Yesenina.

Russia - Sergey Alexandrovich Yesenin, - students of the Krasnokholmsky Irrigation Technical School of the Kalinin Region write in the guest book on September 4, 1954.

Yesenin Afterwards, he assured that the malicious little ones didn’t have any pearls in their eyes and didn’t even think about sniffing the little ones.

And Iskra carefully clutched to her chest a well-thumbed collection of poems by the decadent poet Sergei Yesenina.

Yesenin, Shershenevich, Rurik Ivnev, artist Georgy Yakulov and me.

In FOSS I read reports on morphography, and with a pencil I proved the similarity of all imagists with horses: Yesenin- Vyatka, Shershenevich - Orlovsky, I am a gunter.

Yesenin- a most skillful virtuoso in playing on weak human strings - set himself the firm goal of getting money from him for an imagist publishing house.