Translations into Russian. Gamzat Tsadasa: a short biography of the Avar writer Translations into Russian

Born on August 9 (21), 1877 in the village of Tsada (now Khunzakh region of Dagestan) to the family of a poor peasant. His surname “Tsadasa” is a pseudonym and comes from the name of the aul “Tsada” (translated from Avar - “from Tsada”). He became an orphan early; his father Yusupil Magoma died when he was 7 years old.

He studied at a madrasah. For three years he was a dibir, that is, a Muslim priest and judge in Tsad’s native village. Later he refused this title. For some time he worked on the railway and in timber rafting. In 1908-1917 he was engaged in agriculture (grain growing). In 1917-1919, Gamzat Tsadasa was a member of the Khunzakh Sharia Court. In 1921-1922 he worked as editor of the newspaper “Red Mountains”, where he published his first poems.

In 1923-1925 he was the chairman of the Sharia court. In 1925-1932 he worked as a clerk at the Khunzakh regional executive committee. In 1932-1933 he worked as secretary of the editorial office of the regional newspaper "Highlander". Since 1925, Gamzat Tsadasa has been a permanent deputy of the Khunzakh District Council of Workers' Deputies. Member of the USSR SP since 1934. Delegate to the First Congress of Soviet Writers. Since 1950, he was elected as a deputy of the Supreme Council of the USSR of the 3rd convocation, and was also elected for the second time as a deputy of the Supreme Council of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

CREATION

The beginning of his creative career dates back to 1891, his first poem is “Alibek’s Dog.” His pre-revolutionary poetry was socially accusatory in nature. His poems and jokes were directed against various norms of adat, mullahs, rich people, and traders. After the October Revolution, Gamzat Tsadasa performed as a singer of the new life of the working mountaineers (“October”, “The Old Woman’s Word on March 8th”, “Old and New”, “Stalin”, “To Revenge”, “Mountain Peaks”, “Adat’s Broom” and etc.). The first collection of poems, “Broom of Adats,” was published in 1934. In the same year, “as the oldest poet, beloved by the broad masses of working mountaineers,” he became the first people's poet of Dagestan.

Gamzat Tsadasa is the first author of Avar fables, poems and fairy tales for children. His songs from the Great Patriotic War era, as well as a collection of patriotic poems “For the Motherland,” gained popularity in Dagestan. Gamzat Tsadasa is the author of dramas and comedies “The Shoemaker”, “Meeting in Battle”, “The Marriage of Kadalava”. A significant place in the poet’s work is occupied by poetic fairy tales (“The Elephant and the Ant”, “The Tale of the Hare and the Lion”, etc.) and the fables “The Shepherd Dreamer”, “My Tongue is My Enemy”, etc.). In the last years of his life, he wrote the plays “Chest of Disasters”, “Meeting in Battle”, etc., historical poems “Congratulations to Comrade Stalin on his seventieth birthday”, “My Life”, “The Tale of the Shepherd”. The poet's work is associated with Avar folklore. Tsadasa translated the works of A. S. Pushkin into Avar.

In 1967, the Gamzat Tsadasa Museum was opened in the village of Tsada.

Gamzat Tsadasa- Avar Soviet poet, statesman. People's poet of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1934). Winner of the Stalin Prize, second degree (1951). Father of Rasul Gamzatov.

Born into the family of a poor peasant. His surname “Tsadasa” is a pseudonym and comes from the name of the aul “Tsada” (translated from Avar - “from Tsada”). He became an orphan early; his father Yusupil Magoma died when he was 7 years old.

In 1923-1925 he was the chairman of the Sharia court. In 1925-1932 he worked as a clerk at the Khunzakh regional executive committee. In 1932-1933 he worked as secretary of the editorial office of the regional newspaper "Highlander". Since 1925, Gamzat Tsadasa has been a permanent deputy of the Khunzakh District Council of Workers' Deputies. Since 1950, he was elected as a deputy of the Supreme Council of the USSR of the 3rd convocation, and was also elected for the second time as a deputy of the Supreme Council of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

The small Dagestan village of Tsada gave the world two masters of words at once - Gamzat Tsadasu and Rasul Gamzatov. Today we will talk about Gamzat Tsadas, whose pseudonym can be translated into Russian as “Fiery”. You will get acquainted with the biography of Gamzat Tsadasa and his work!

Childhood

Gamzat was born in 1877 in the family of an ordinary peasant Yusupil Magoma. The boy was orphaned early - he was only seven years old when his father died. Gamzat was handed over to his uncle to be raised. Study occupied a special place in the biography of Gamzat Tsadas. At the age of ten, the boy was sent by his guardian to study at a school at the mosque in the village of Ginichutl. Gamzat studied not only theology. The list of subjects that interested Tsadas included geography and law, mathematics and logic, astronomy and Arabic.

Work and self-education

After completing his studies at school, Gamzat worked a lot - in the city of Grozny he was engaged in the construction of a railway, in the upper reaches of the Koysu River he worked as a timber raftsman. After this, for some time Gamzat Tsadasa was a dibir - a priest and judge in several Dagestan settlements at once.

At the same time, Gamzat was engaged in self-education. At first he studied the poems of Omar Khayyam, Navoi, Hafiz, Fizuli, Saadi in his library. He was also familiar with “Shah-name” Ferdowsi. Gamzat Tsadasa, whose biography we are now talking about, paid special attention to the work of poets from Dagestan. He was fascinated by the works of E. Emin and Eldarilav, O. Batyray and Tazhutdin Chanka, I. Kazak and Ankhil Marin. Tsadasa was interested in the novels of Victor Hugo, Lev Krylov, and Anton Chekhov.

Gamzat can safely be called an expert in Muslim jurisprudence, and therefore in 1917 he was elected a member (and later chairman) of the Avar Sharia Court. In 1920, Tsadas was appointed chairman of the Khunzakh Food Committee, and a year later he was sent to the regional Avar newspaper called “Red Mountains”. After working at the newspaper, he took the position of clerk of the Khunzakh regional executive committee.

The beginning of a creative journey

The first poems of Gamzat Tsadas were published in 1891. The very first poetic work is “Alibek’s Dog”. It is worth saying that the pre-revolutionary poetry of Tsadas was exclusively accusatory in nature. All of Gamzat’s poems were directed against all mullahs and traders. He also spoke out against the norms of adat - customs in force in certain regions. It was according to these standards that all cases of bride kidnapping, etc. were decided.

In poems written after the October Revolution, Gamzat acts as a singer of the new life that has come among the mountaineer workers. The Avar poet called for the assertion of Soviet power everywhere. The first collection of poems by Gamzat Tsadasa - “Broom of Adats” - was published in 1934. At the same time, Gamzat was recognized as the first people's poet of Dagestan.

In the early 30s of the last century, writers from Moscow came to the village of Tsada. Pyotr Pavlenko and Vladimir Lugovsky were very interested in the biography of Gamzat Tsadasa and, of course, his work. Tikhonov, by the way, later recalled this acquaintance. He wrote that Gamzat is the sharpest mind in all of Avaria, a fighter against such vices as selfishness and stupidity, a magnificent poet capable of defeating the enemies of the new regime with just one word, a sage who is excellently versed in the most cunning intricacies of Dagestan life. Nikolai Semenovich also noted the fact that Gamzat Tsadasa did not just write poetry, he thought in poetic form!

Popular recognition

The work of Gamzat Tsadasa played a huge role in all Soviet literature. Lines from his works have long been disassembled into quotes. Many are probably familiar with his words that all people are monolingual, but at the same time everyone has two ears - so that when they hear two words, only one can be said in response.

A significant part of Tsadasa's works was written for children: he wrote poems, fairy tales and fables for the younger generation. Gamzat Tsadasa also published a collection of magnificent patriotic poems. These poems were especially popular in Dagestan during the Great Patriotic War. Thanks to him, the residents of Dagestan were able to familiarize themselves with the works of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. The author's list includes comedies and dramas, poetic tales, plays and historical poems!

Awards

The poet's work was appreciated by both readers and authorities. Tsadasa received many awards throughout his life. Among them:

Stalin Prize;
title "People's Poet of Dagestan";
The order of Lenin.

Gamzat has medals - “For Valiant Labor” and “For Defense of the Caucasus”.

Gamzat Tsadasa (1877-1951) - Avar Soviet poet, statesman. People's poet of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1934). Winner of the Stalin Prize, second degree (1951). Father of Rasul Gamzatov.
Born on August 9 (21), 1877 in the village of Tsada (now Khunzakh region of Dagestan) to the family of a poor peasant. His surname “Tsadasa” is a pseudonym and comes from the name of the aul “Tsada” (translated from Avar - “from Tsada”). He became an orphan early; his father Yusupil Magoma died when he was 7 years old.
He studied at a madrasah. For three years he was a dibir, that is, a Muslim priest and judge in Tsad’s native village. Later he refused this title. For some time he worked on the railway and in timber rafting. In 1908-1917 he was engaged in agriculture (grain growing). In 1917-1919, Gamzat Tsadasa was a member of the Khunzakh Sharia Court. In 1921-1922 he worked as editor of the newspaper “Red Mountains”, where he published his first poems.
In 1923-1925 he was the chairman of the Sharia court. In 1925-1932 he worked as a clerk at the Khunzakh regional executive committee. In 1932-1933 he worked as secretary of the editorial office of the regional newspaper "Highlander". Since 1925, Gamzat Tsadasa has been a permanent deputy of the Khunzakh District Council of Workers' Deputies. Since 1950, he was elected as a deputy of the Supreme Council of the USSR of the 3rd convocation, and was also elected for the second time as a deputy of the Supreme Council of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
Gamzat Tsadasa died on June 11, 1951 in Makhachkala.
The beginning of his creative career dates back to 1891, his first poem is “Alibek’s Dog.” His pre-revolutionary poetry was socially accusatory in nature. His poems and jokes were directed against various norms of adat, mullahs, rich people, and traders. After the October Revolution, Gamzat Tsadasa performed as a singer of the new life of the working mountaineers (“October”, “The Old Woman’s Word on March 8th”, “Old and New”, “Stalin”, “To Revenge”, “Mountain Peaks”, “Adat’s Broom” and etc.). The first collection of poems, “Broom of Adats,” was published in 1934. In the same year, “as the oldest poet, beloved by the broad masses of working mountaineers,” he became the first people's poet of Dagestan.
Gamzat Tsadasa is the first author of Avar fables, poems and fairy tales for children. His songs from the era of the Great Patriotic War, as well as a collection of patriotic poems “For the Motherland,” gained popularity in Dagestan. Gamzat Tsadasa is the author of dramas and comedies “The Shoemaker”, “Meeting in Battle”, “The Marriage of Kadalava”. A significant place in the poet’s work is occupied by poetic fairy tales (“The Elephant and the Ant”, “The Tale of the Hare and the Lion”, etc.) and the fables “The Shepherd Dreamer”, “My Tongue is My Enemy”, etc.). In the last years of his life, he wrote the plays “Chest of Disasters”, “Meeting in Battle”, etc., historical poems “Congratulations to Comrade Stalin on his seventieth birthday”, “My Life”, “The Tale of the Shepherd”. The poet's work is associated with Avar folklore. Tsadasa translated the works of A. S. Pushkin into Avar.
In 1967, the Gamzat Tsadasa Museum was opened in the village of Tsada.
Awards and prizes
* Stalin Prize of the second degree (1951) - for the collection of poems “Favorites” (“The Tale of the Shepherd”) (1950)
* The order of Lenin
* Order of the Red Banner of Labor
* People's Poet of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1934)