A short message about the doctor Svyatoslav Fedorov. Biography

Millions of people around the world have restored their vision and got rid of glasses forever, and Svyatoslav Nikolaevich went down in the history of world ophthalmology as a brilliant Russian doctor. But how did the brilliant career of an ophthalmologist begin, which made a huge contribution to world medicine?

How Svyatoslav Nikolaevich chose the profession of ophthalmologist.

At the age of less than 16, Fedorov entered the Yerevan Aviation School, but in 1945 he lost his foot and never became a pilot, as he dreamed of as a child. While in the hospital for a long time, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich realized how helpless medicine is in many cases, how doctors cannot help wounded and suffering people. After this, he decided to go to medical school to help people, and did so in 1947. The guy entered the Rostov University, where he was treated for a long time, and five years later he received a medical diploma. After graduation, he entered residency and five years later defended his Ph.D. thesis.

The doctor’s further work took place in the village of Veshenskaya, where the young surgeon finally realized that his calling was ophthalmology. The choice of this particular profession was not accidental. In the post-war years, life was not easy for students, and almost everyone worked part-time, trying to somehow provide for themselves. Fedorov also decided to earn extra money and took up photography - he took pictures, processed film and printed photos. Film cameras of that time resembled the human eye in structure, and the young doctor often wondered what spectrum of light the eyes could cover and what prevented this. These thoughts became defining moments in the life of a young surgeon who decided to connect his life with human vision.

Having not yet graduated from college, Fedorov has already performed one eye operation, which only confirms his talent and the right chosen specialty. On March 8, a mechanic was brought to the Department of Ophthalmology with a serious injury. The young guy damaged his eyeball with a piece of a chisel and the operation was planned to be very serious. For some reason, Associate Professor Lakshin, who taught at the department, entrusted this difficult matter to Fedorov. Svyatoslav Nikolaevich had no choice and, despite the difficulties, he performed the operation brilliantly and preserved the young man’s vision.

Over the course of his entire life, the ophthalmic surgeon, his students and assistants performed several tens of thousands of operations, restored and preserved vision for a huge number of people, not to mention more than 3 million patients operated on using Fedorov’s method all over the world.

The life path of the brilliant ophthalmologist Fedorov.

For six years Fedorov worked at a medical institute in the city of Arkhangelsk, where he held the position of head of the department of eye diseases, and only in 1967 he was transferred to Moscow, where the scientist became the head of the department of eye diseases and also led a problem laboratory. In this laboratory, operations were performed to implant an artificially created lens.

In 1972, ophthalmologist Fedorov performed the first operation, which opened a new direction in ophthalmology.

Founder of refractive eye surgery.

Even before the use of laser technology, people needed an effective method of vision correction, and Fedorov invented such a method. Keratotomy, an operation in which an incision is made in the cornea of ​​the eye to cure a person of myopia, was an innovation that was recognized in many countries around the world. At that time, it was Fedorov who introduced the practice of transferring knowledge to foreign colleagues using licensing contracts of the know-how type. More than 120 agreements were concluded, and specialists from around the world gained experience and knowledge about modern correction techniques.

Currently, refractive surgery is actively developing, safer and more effective methods are emerging, for example, excimer laser correction, through which thin layers of tissue are removed and the center of the cornea changes its shape. Today, there are more than 11 methods of refractive surgery, and the risk of complications after surgery is only 1%.

In 1974, Svyatoslav Fedorov headed the laboratory of the 3rd Medical Institute, which became a separate institution and became known as the Moscow Research Laboratory. In the same year, a laser surgery department was founded in the laboratory, which later became known as the Laser Surgery Center. Thanks to Fedorov’s activities, several generations of domestically produced infrared lasers have been developed for more accurate and safe refractive surgery operations.

In 1979, the inventor introduced a surgical conveyor belt that had no analogues in the world at that time.

Inventions, scientific works and awards of Fedorov.

As for innovation, the famous doctor owns 180 inventions, for which he was awarded the title “Honored Inventor of the USSR.” In addition, about 60 more inventions were created in collaboration with other scientists, 260 patents were acquired, including 126 foreign ones. However, the title for inventive activity was not the only recognition of merit.

The outstanding scientist had membership in the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Academy of Natural Sciences, and was awarded the Orders of the October Revolution and the Red Banner of Labor. The doctor’s collection of awards included the Badge of Honor, the Order of Lenin, and the Lomonosov Gold Medal, the highest award of the Academy of Sciences. In addition to Soviet awards, Fedorov also received the State Prize of the Russian Federation, the Paleologus Prize from the USA, and the Pericles Prize from Italy. Back in 1994 in Canada, at the International Congress of Ophthalmology, Fedorov was recognized as “an outstanding ophthalmologist of the 20th century,” and until the end of his life he fully lived up to this title.

MNTK "Eye Microsurgery" is a large-scale creation of Fedorov.

Fedorov’s non-standard approach provided the establishment with original innovations, including the method of working in teams, rental contracts and mobile operating rooms equipped with the full range of necessary equipment, for example, a bus, a motor ship and a railway carriage.

Currently, 30% of all medical care in the field of ophthalmology in Russia comes from the MNTK, and the clinic’s scientific center trains talented young specialists who continue Fedorov’s life’s work - helping people, restoring vision and developing new, more advanced technologies.

Additional activities of Fedorov.

Inventive and political activities, management of the MNTK, research and operations - all this did not prevent Fedorov from raising four daughters. Three daughters, Irina, Olga and Yulia, followed in their father’s footsteps and work in the field of ophthalmology. Irina is a candidate of medical sciences. The fourth daughter, Elina, was educated as a Spanish philologist.

What helped an ordinary person, the son of a Soviet officer, become such an outstanding figure in world medicine, make so many discoveries in his life and at the same time create a large family? It probably has to do with the personal qualities of this person.

The main thing is energy and real, sincere desire.

Former colleagues and students of Fedorov note that the doctor was a multifaceted personality, full of energy and dedicated to his life’s work. He knew how to awaken bright emotions in people, never lost optimism and was recklessly bold. It was these qualities that helped him live his life with dignity, give the world many wonderful ideas and inventions and leave his name for centuries.

Svyatoslav Fedorovich died on June 2, 2000. The MNTK helicopter crashed while returning to Moscow from Tambov, and the life of an outstanding scientist was cut short. In memory of him, at the site of his death in Tushino, the chapel of the Mother of God of Feodorovskaya was founded, in which a memorial service is held on the day of the death of the Russian ophthalmologist.

A real hero, scientist, courageous man, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov, biography, whose personal life continues to interest the public even today, years after his death, is an example of unprecedented determination and will to live. The intensity of his life, the passion with which he devoted himself to every task, had such intensity that only a real hero could withstand such a rhythm.

Childhood and parents

On August 8, 1927, in the Ukrainian city of Proskurov, which today is called Khmelnitsky, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov was born. Svyatoslav’s father was once a worker, then became a Red Army soldier, rising to the rank of brigade commander and the rank of general. In 1930, the family moved to Kamenets-Podolsky due to the transfer of his father. Nikolai Fedorov went through the First World War and the Civil War. He was a professional military man, a man of his word and honor. But when the boy was 11 years old, his father was arrested following a denunciation and sentenced to 17 years. Fedorov was labeled an enemy of the people. Svyatoslav tried his best to prove that he was no worse than others, perhaps it was then that a steely, fighting character began to form in him. After the arrest of the father, the family moves to relatives in Rostov-on-Don to avoid repression.

Studies

At school, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov studied well, although chemistry was difficult for him. He also did not like to write essays, but he did well in a foreign language and graduated from school with a silver medal. Like many boys of that time, he was fanatically in love with aviation and dreamed of becoming a pilot. When the war began, Fedorov wanted to volunteer, but due to his youth, of course, no one took him into the army. Then, in 1943, he entered the Yerevan Preparatory School in order to quickly master piloting skills. For two years he studied hard, dreaming of the sky and how he would beat the enemy. But life turned out differently.

Tragic twist

In 1945, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov, whose biography takes a sharp turn, gets into an accident. The young man was in a hurry to attend a festive evening at the school. While trying to catch up with the tram, he tripped and injured his left leg. At the hospital where he was taken, it turned out that his heel was crushed, and the doctor decided to amputate his foot and a third of his lower leg. Fedorov had to forget about aviation. He spent several months in the hospital and there he made several of the most important decisions in his life. He saw masses of crippled men who gave up and believed that their lives were over. Svyatoslav, overcoming the pain, began swimming and even won several competitions with full-fledged athletes. Then he realized that he had to work hard - and anything was possible. And for the rest of his life, Fedorov worked tirelessly. He proved to everyone that he was not disabled, and later many simply had no idea about his disability. The second decision made by the young man during these years is related to the choice of a professional field.

Medicine

In 1947, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov entered the Rostov Medical Institute. After graduating in 1952, he entered residency and then graduate school. While still a student, Svyatoslav chose his specialization, ophthalmology. He realized that the human eye is a complex optical instrument and needs fine tuning. After graduating from university, he begins working as an ophthalmologist in the village of Veshenskaya, where the famous writer Mikhail Sholokhov once lived and worked. Fedorov has said more than once that the writer became a moral ideal for him for many years. In 1957 he defended his Ph.D. thesis. Fedorov spent his first one while still a student. He happened to operate on a mechanic who had a piece of an iron chisel embedded in his eyeball. The manipulation was extremely difficult, but Svyatoslav managed it and was able to save the patient’s sight.

Doctor's career

Since the mid-50s, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov has been working as a practicing doctor. After the Don village, he moved to the Urals, where he practices eye surgery. While working in Cheboksary, he performed a unique operation for the USSR to replace the affected lens with an artificial one. Soviet medicine could not tolerate such a step, and Fedorov was fired from his job “for quackery.” He moves to Arkhangelsk, where he becomes head. Department of Eye Diseases at the Medical Institute. Quite quickly, a team of like-minded people forms around Fedorov, the fame of magic doctors spreads throughout the country, and people who dream of restoring their sight flock to Arkhangelsk.

In 1967, official confirmation of Svyatoslav Nikolaevich’s achievements came. He is transferred to Moscow, where he is at the Third Medical Center. Institute headed the department of eye diseases and headed the laboratory for the creation of an artificial lens. Here Fedorov begins to experiment with operations to install an artificial cornea. In 1974, Stanislav Nikolaevich’s laboratory separated from the structure of the institute and became an independent research institution in the field of eye surgery.

Scientific activity

Since the 50s, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov began to study science and did not abandon his research until the end of his life. In 1962, he created the best hard lens in the world, the so-called Fedorov-Zakharov lens. In 1967, he successfully defended his doctoral dissertation. In 1973, for the first time in the world, he performed surgical therapy for glaucoma in the early stages. The sclerectomy method he discovered has received worldwide recognition and is still used in all leading clinics in the world. In 1987, Fedorov became a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1995, he was elected a full member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Russian Federation.

Clinic

In 1979, the laboratory, managed by Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov, was turned into a research institute for eye microsurgery. And in 1986, the institute was transformed into the scientific and technical complex “Eye Microsurgery”. Fedorov performs the most complex operations, actively shares his experience with young surgeons, and conducts scientific research. The fame of his clinic reaches a global scale. Changes are just taking place in the country, a market economy is starting to work. And during this period, Fedorov showed himself in yet another form. The clinic had legal and financial freedom; Svyatoslav Fedorovich could set the cost of operations himself. Eye Microsurgery is starting to earn a lot, including in foreign currency. Fedorov established high salaries for doctors and staff, he creates comfortable conditions for patients. Over the course of several years, he opens several modern branches in the regions of the country where his best students work. Eye surgeries become commonplace, and Fedorov becomes a successful entrepreneur and wealthy person. But the clinic is also getting richer. In just a few years, he turns the complex into an entire empire. Eye Microsurgery not only has many branches in the country and abroad, but also a huge complex “Protasovo” with hotels and residential buildings, a dairy plant, a plant for the production of drinking water, two large enterprises for the production of frames, lenses, and surgical instruments. The clinic even had a specially equipped ship, Peter the Great, on which operations were carried out. Fedorov built his own aviation facility for the clinic with a hangar, a helicopter, an airplane, a runway, a radio station and a gas station. The academician himself was in charge of everything, but there weren’t enough hands for everything, and in recent years many people began to appear in the clinic who only craved profit. This undermined the team spirit, discontent and envy appeared. For Fedorov, all this was a difficult problem.

Main achievements

Academician Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov made many discoveries in his life; he owns the right to 180 patents for various inventions. His main achievement is more than 3 million people around the world who have been successfully operated on using his technique. He published several serious works, which still allow us to develop ophthalmology today.

Awards

Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, whose biography is filled with constant work, received many titles and awards during his life. In 1987 he was awarded the title of Hero of Social Labor. Fedorov was a holder of the orders: Lenin, Red Banner of Labor, October Revolution, Badge of Honor, Friendship. The list of his medals is very long, among them: the gold medal “Hammer and Sickle”, the medal named after. M. Lomonosov Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Svyatoslav Nikolaevich was awarded the title “Honored Inventor of the USSR.” In 2002, he was awarded the international title of “The Greatest Ophthalmologist of the 19th and 20th Centuries.” He has won many awards, including the State Prize of the Russian Federation, the Palaeologus Prize, the Pericles Prize, and the. and M. Averbukh from the Academy of Medical Sciences.

Political activity

With the beginning of perestroika, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov (photo attached to the article) became actively interested in politics. In 1989, he was elected people's deputy of the USSR and for 2 years participated in the lawmaking of a new, emerging country. He actively met with voters, conducted political campaigning, and served on the editorial board of the Ogonyok magazine. Fedorov created and led the party of self-government of workers, which was based on left-liberal views. In 1995, Stanislav Nikolaevich was elected to the State Duma. In 1996, he even participated in the presidential elections of the Russian Federation, taking sixth place with 0.92% of the vote. Having served one term in the Duma, Fedorov did not run for office again, since he did not see a real return from his activities, and he was a man of action and results. In the last years of his life he focused on developing the clinic.

Personal life

Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, whose personal life interests many, was married three times. He exuded incredible charm and magnetism, and women fell in love with him instantly. If in his professional activities Fedorov was purposeful, assertive, and extremely hardworking, then in his private life he was a very calm and compliant person. He never scolded, considering this an unworthy matter, he loved to rely on someone else in everyday matters, and easily joined the opinions of other people. Therefore, some considered him henpecked, but, most likely, this was simply his position. At work he was a force and leader, and at home he was a companion and assistant. Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, for whom his family was a safe haven, a refuge, treated women with respect and reverence, and therefore calmly gave them a leading role in everyday life. Although this did not relate to issues of principle - they could not be twirled like a puppet, he always adhered to his convictions.

Wives and children

Academician Fedorov had three wives in his life. The first marriage happened at the beginning of Svyatoslav Nikolaevich’s medical career. Lilia, the first wife, was a chemist by training. They met on vacation in a youth group, the girl was smitten by Fedorov’s advances. And six months later, secretly from her parents, she married him, coming to him. For the first six months, the couple lived in different cities, Lilia completed her studies at the institute. And then there were 13 years of happy life. Stanislav's letters to his wife have been preserved, which are full of love and tenderness. The couple had a daughter, Irina. Since childhood, she was fascinated by her father’s profession and already from the 9th grade she knew that she would follow in his footsteps. Today she is a practicing surgeon, working at the Fedorov clinic. Fedorov's second wife was Elena Leonovna. This marriage also produced a girl, Olga. Today she is engaged in the activities of the memorial office at the Eye Microsurgery clinic. This marriage also broke up. Irene burst into Fedorov’s life. One day she came to his office to arrange an operation for her relative, and was immediately struck by the strength and energy of the surgeon. There were no children in this marriage, but he raised the two twin girls that Irene had from her first marriage as his daughters. Both girls today work at the Foundation for the Popularization of Surgeon Fedorov’s Methods. After the death of the head of the family, newspapers wrote about conflicts among the heirs. Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, for whom children were a very important part of his life, until the end of his days he maintained good, friendly relations with all his daughters, and arranged for them to work for him in various positions. But his relationship with his previous wives did not work out.

Hobbies and lifestyle

In addition to work and family, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov, whose wives and children were a large, but not the only part of his life, had many hobbies. All his life he played a lot of sports: he swam and was an excellent horseman. He didn’t smoke, hardly drank, and wasn’t a fan of any food. At 62, he was able to realize his youthful dream and took the helm of his own plane. He flew by helicopter to regional offices to conduct operations. His life, of course, was mostly filled with work, but he also managed to get pleasure from it.

Death and memory

On June 2, 2000, tragic news spread around the world: Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov died. His death was the result of a plane crash; he was at the controls of a helicopter that crashed due to malfunctions. After the death of the academician, his family repeatedly said that the tragedy was not an accident. But investigators and journalists never found evidence of this. The surgeon's memory was immortalized in the names of streets in cities such as Kaluga and Cheboksary. There are 6 monuments to Svyatoslav Fedorov erected in Russia. Two ophthalmological institutions in Moscow bear his name.

S.N. Fedorov - founder of MNTK

What S.N. did Fedorov for medicine, for society as a whole and for each of us cannot be overestimated. He pushed the boundaries of medicine, did not pay attention to someone’s “don’ts”, took risks - and the risk was justified.

Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Full Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of international awards, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, General Director of the International Scientific and Technical Complex "EYE MICROSURGERY", Svyatoslav Fedoro happily combined the gift of a scientist with the talent of an organizer and economist. Svyatoslav Fedorov born on August 8, 1927 in the city of Proskurov (now Khmelnitsky) in Ukraine. Since childhood, he dreamed of the sky, of heights, and wanted to fly military planes. But fate decreed otherwise: medicine became his life’s work.

Having set ourselves the task of freeing people from glasses, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich created a fundamentally new, highly effective direction in world ophthalmic surgery - refractive and energy surgery for the correction of myopia, hypermetropia and astigmatism.

Refractive surgery technology developed by S.N. Fedorov and has become widespread in many countries of the world, has allowed millions of people to get rid of glasses, find the joy of work, the happiness of communicating with nature and playing sports.

Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov gave impetus to several fundamental directions at once, without which modern ophthalmology is unthinkable.

His fundamental works in the field of implantology, keratoprosthesis, glaucoma, optic atrophy, vitreoretinal and laser surgery have become classics of world ophthalmology.

S.N. Fedorov made a genuine revolution in ophthalmology: from a modest, measured science, he turned it into a bright, rapidly progressing, prestigious branch of medicine. Thanks to his achievements, Russia remains one of the leaders in world ophthalmology. Implementing the principle he formulated: “Beautiful eyes for everyone!” - Svyatoslav Fedorov and his school, associates in different countries made millions of blind people happy. In 1994 at the International Congress of Ophthalmologists in Canada S.N. Fedorov was rightfully awarded the highest professional honor - recognized as “an outstanding ophthalmologist of the 20th century.”

Svyatoslav Fedorov He treated people in a way that no one else could. Millions of patients who have had their sight restored in his clinics and given the joy of a full, vibrant life prove this more convincingly than any awards or official titles. He was a multidimensional and multifaceted personality. Fanatical dedication to his work, irrepressible energy - this is the “Fedorov style”. He had such energy that he drew everyone around him into the whirlpool of his ideas and plans. A striking character trait Svyatoslav Nikolaevich there was the ability to awaken only strong emotions in people, all feelings except indifference. He knew how to keep his word and bear responsibility, he knew how to enjoy life, even when it gave little reason to do so. His distinguishing features were almost reckless courage (human, professional, civil) and the ability to always remain forward looking. He was a man of an open heart and a generous soul, he loved life and strived to make every second of it fulfilling and creative.

The main brainchild and creation of S.N.’s entire life. Fedorov is MNTK "Eye Microsurgery".

S.N. Fedorov proposed and implemented original and unique organizational innovations: team method of work, rental contracts, mobile operating rooms with a diagnostic complex of equipment based on buses, ships, and railway cars; diagnostic and surgical conveyors with extensive use of modern computer technology.

MNTK "Eye Microsurgery" under the leadership Svyatoslav Nikolaevich became not only one of the best medical centers in the world, but also a world-famous scientific school, which produced hundreds of highly qualified specialists who headed ophthalmological institutions in Russia and many countries.

Today, MNTK provides 30 percent of all ophthalmological care provided in the Russian Federation and 50 percent of the total volume of high-tech treatments provided in the country. The share of operations of the first and highest complexity categories is steadily growing and amounted to 86 percent in 2006. Today, like yesterday, MNTK fulfills its main social mission - serving the people. That in the current conditions of the difficult financial situation of the majority of Russians, who cannot afford to use expensive services, is especially socially and politically important.

An example of the highest degree of scale and depth of state thinking of an academician Fedorov was the creation of 11 branches of the MNTK in the leading regions of the Russian Federation. They operate in St. Petersburg, Kaluga, Cheboksary, Volgograd, Tambov, Novosibirsk, Orenburg, Irkutsk, Yekaterinburg, Krasnodar, Khabarovsk. The contribution of branches to the general treasury of services to the fatherland is characterized by the following figures. The volume of assistance provided in the regions of location ranges from 40 to 90 percent of the total amount of ophthalmological care provided in the region.

The Fedorov school has deep traditions, a good material base, intellectual support in the regions - all the components to continue moving forward.

MNTK is a pioneer in the development and implementation of a huge number of surgical interventions. MNTK not only keeps pace with modern science, but is often ahead of it. Currently in the clinic Svyatoslav Fedorov About 200 types of operations on the eyeball and 600 of their varieties are performed.

Today, MNTK, owning the most high-tech, world-class hardware, is actively developing its own therapeutic technologies.

Thanks to the use of advanced technologies, high quality of treatment and fundamental scientific work, MNTK rightfully occupies a leading place among ophthalmological clinics in Russia.

Its uniqueness lies in the fact that the use of both the latest surgical technologies and deep fundamental research is concentrated here.

Talent is continuity of effort. Fedorov was precisely one of this breed of people, and this is precisely the secret of his phenomenal rise from a provincial doctor to a world-famous scientist. Doctors from the “Fedorov school” continue to restore people’s sight in operating rooms across the country. From now on, it has become our direct and sacred duty to develop and continue the Cause that Svyatoslav Fedorov served.

He was not just a scientist, a brilliant surgeon, a talented organizer, creator, and devotee. He was a brilliant personality whose fame crossed national boundaries.

Svyatoslav Fedorov introduced advanced methods of labor organization into medical practice and built the ophthalmological service in the country on principles that proved their viability and promise in the most difficult times of crisis.

On the eve of today's holiday - Russia Day - the German magazine Superweib published an extraordinary rating. Observers of the publication compiled the Top 10 most beautiful names, but not German, as one might assume, but Russian.

According to the publication, among the female names popular in our country, the most harmonious are Alina, Polina, Daria, Mila and Victoria, and among the male names - Alexey, Nikolay, Maxim, Vadim and Nikita.

In principle, the preferences associated with the peculiarities of the German language are quite clearly visible in the names the journalists chose. As philologists joke, even if the light and fluttering word “butterfly” sounds like “schmetterling” in your language, you will probably like short, euphonious words with a simple alternation of vowels and consonants, without any diphthongs or deafening.

However, something else is more remarkable here. This material and the approach to it demonstrate an extremely humane view of Russians.

Russian names have long penetrated Germany. However, for those who still think only about Olga and Dmitry, we can teach something better. We have collected the most beautiful Russian names for newborn boys and girls, – says the text of the article.

For the modern Western press, such a view of Russia and its inhabitants is rather an exception to the rule. The norm so far is precisely the objectification of Russians: positive reviews about our people are often associated with mentions of nuclear reactors, weapons, tanks, and special forces. And there’s nothing to say about the quantity and quality of negativity.

However, there are no rules without exceptions. Over the past year, foreigners have repeatedly admired the Russian people and their achievements, which have nothing to do with the war, the construction of huge bridges and icebreakers, and are extremely far from the iconic triad “bears - vodka - balalaika”.

French fashion - yesterday, Russian - tomorrow?

Since 2017, Russian style has clearly begun to gain popularity in the fashion industry. A group of Russian designers managed to become very famous in narrow but influential circles.

Surprisingly, the Japanese dudes were the first to fall for Russian things. They were followed by rich people from Saudi Arabia, who were close to the Byzantine motifs used by our fashion designers. Later, the first Russian brand, VASSA, entered the American market. Everything there was already grown-up: a show for buyers and journalists of fashion publications in one of the most prestigious hotels in New York - the Four Seasons, signing contracts.

However, Russian fashion is still the lot of a small circle of aesthetes, exotic for regulars of expensive boutiques. What you definitely can’t say... about Russian cartoons. In 2012, the triumphant promotion of the animated series “Masha and the Bear” by the Animaccord animation studio began on international platforms. Initially, the series, translated into foreign languages, were distributed through the iTunes and Google Play applications; then such giants of the video streaming industry as Netflix and Amazon wanted to broadcast the series on their platforms.

By the way, the story about a mischievous girl and a bear with an endless supply of patience gained the greatest love in Germany. A large number of books, magazines, and educational toys based on the cartoon are sold in the country. According to experts, German parents are very impressed by the image of a good-natured bear, who at times gets very tired of the child’s tricks, but never takes out aggression on his little ward and is always ready to help in a difficult situation.

At the beginning of June, it became known that another Russian animated series, “Return to Prostokvashino,” was set to conquer the international market.

Representatives of Soyuzmultfilm reported that they are negotiating the distribution of the animated series in China and intend to present it on the animation market in Annecy (France). The company also noted that some countries in Eastern Europe are also showing interest in purchasing the cartoon, but reaching agreements is hampered by the fact that customers would like to purchase about 30 episodes, but so far only 15 have been made.

Russian meme instead of a British joke

However, promoting most products to the market is largely a matter of marketing, which may not directly correlate with the attitude of foreigners towards us. After all, in Russia there are also quite a few people driving Fords, but this does not mean that they are all in love with the American dream.

What is truly indicative in this regard is the story of Russian Internet humor. In August 2018, an epidemic of Russian memes swept across English-language social networks. It was started by a resident of Boston with the nickname Courtney. A 22-year-old American woman published on her Twitter a selection of photojabs and humorous photographs of various Russian amateur inventions, providing her with a rhetorical question: “How do you like this, Elon Musk?”

The appeal to one of the main newsmakers of the English-speaking world in an environment of strange, unexpected, and at times downright idiotic “know-how” delighted many Americans. In the first few days, the phrase And how do you like this, Elon Musk? was retweeted almost 25 thousand times. For comparison, the average popular tweet from Donald Trump receives about 10 thousand reposts in the same time.

Courtney soon found followers. A resident of the British city of Leeds registered the Russian Memes United page, where he began to introduce Russian online humor to the English-speaking public. In February of this year, the quantity of jokes finally turned into quality: Musk appreciated the “meme of his own name” and began to respond in Russian to users who approached him with a demonstration of the latest technical “miracles.”

Remembering ancestors

The trend towards Russianness was also supported by many celebrities who publicly declared their close connection with Russia and ethnic Russians. We are talking not only about the “tax Russian” Gerard Depardieu, honorary Chechen Steven Seagal, mixed martial arts fighter and Moscow region deputy Jeff Monson, Olympic short track champion Victor An, boxer Roy Jones Jr., Brazilian football player Mario Fernandez, star of “Wild Angel” and the idol of girls of the 90s, Natalia Oreiro, who has already asked for Russian passports. Celebrities who do not (at least not yet) have either Russian citizenship or business on Russian territory began to talk about internal ties with our country.

Last September, at the height of another Russophobic campaign, fanned by Western politicians and the media in connection with the “poisoning” of the Skripals, the Italian actress Ornella Muti made an ethnic coming out.

My grandfather was one of the Russian Tsar's doctors. My grandmother was a pianist, and there is also a singer in our family. Perhaps we are so artistic thanks to our Russian roots,– the European cinema star told reporters .

And in November, Mike Reiss, the screenwriter and producer of the famous American animated series “The Simpsons,” made a similar admission.

In a world full of turmoil, it is always good to have an alternate airfield. Russia might be a good option: I'm completely Russian on my mother's side, – he admitted at one of the press conferences.

All these statements, as well as Russian memes now circulating on the global Internet, can be considered a very good and positive sign. And that's why. All propaganda chaff, as we know, sooner or later is weeded out and flies away, but normal human relationships remain. This is exactly what will happen to the “Russian world”. Because in the modern world, sincere interest, people’s respect for each other, openness to communication and interaction must, simply must, be stronger than any propaganda.

So – happy holiday today to everyone who considers themselves involved in it! In Russia itself and beyond its borders.

Victoria Fomenko

He attracted the attention of even strangers: thick-set, broad-shouldered, with a stiff crew cut of hair, and a tenacious and intelligent gaze. He walked, waddling a little. He made decisions quickly and accurately. It is to Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov that domestic medicine owes a new approach to the treatment of patients, combining the experience of clinicians and the ingenuity of engineers. The first thing, of course, is ophthalmology.

Svyatoslav was born on August 8, 1927 in the small Ukrainian town of Proskurov (now Khmelnitsky). His father, who worked as a blacksmith before the First World War, became a professional military man with the outbreak of hostilities. By the beginning of the 30s, he was already a lieutenant general, commander of a cavalry division stationed in the city of Kamenets-Podolsky. Here Svyatoslav went to first grade.

At the end of 1938, Svyatoslav’s father was arrested as an “enemy of the people.” The Fedorovs - mother and son - moved to Novocherkassk to live with their relatives. With the beginning of the war - evacuation to Tsakhkadzor (Armenia).

In 1943, Svyatoslav entered the artillery school in Yerevan. But, after studying for a year, the guy decides: his destiny is heaven. And he asks for a transfer to a flight school in Rostov-on-Don. The request is fulfilled. The guy is eager to go to the front to beat the Nazis, and there is nothing left before graduation. And then there’s trouble.

On this day, the young cadet was in a hurry to get to class and tried to jump onto a tram that was already leaving the stop. I grabbed the handrail, but... My left foot got under the wheel. At the hospital, his foot and lower third of his leg were amputated. Disabled for life. What kind of sky is this?

But here Fedorov’s character emerged - decisive and uncompromising. Many years later he said:

I consider myself lucky that I lost my leg. If this had not happened, I probably would not have been able to develop in myself an active principle, will, and the ability to go ahead towards my goal.

In 1945, Svyatoslav entered the Rostov Medical Institute. In his final years he specialized in ophthalmology. He performed his first eye surgery while still in internship on March 8, 1951.

The young doctor is sent to the hospital of the famous village of Veshenskaya - where the writer Mikhail Sholokhov, author of “Quiet Don” and “Virgin Soil Upturned,” comes from. Here he proposed to his future wife Lila, whom he had known since his student years.

After graduating from university, Lilya was assigned to the city of Lysva near Perm. The husband went to pick up his wife. In the hospital of this town, he came up with an idea: in case of cataract, remove the nucleus of the lens along with the capsule, which, remaining in the eye, becomes cloudy over time and forces a repeat operation. At the same time, he is studying in absentia at the Rostov Medina residency.

In 1954, after serving 16 years, Svyatoslav’s father was released.

In 1958, Fedorov defended his Ph.D. thesis “Changes in the eye due to a brain tumor.” He is trying to seriously engage in science, studying advanced methods of performing ophthalmic operations. But in Lysva, of course, there is no turning around. Svyatoslav is looking for where he can gain experience, where he can try to realize his ideas.

At this time in Cheboksary, in a branch of the Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases named after. Helmholtz, studied cataracts. He asks to work there. And he is invited to come.

Svyatoslav knew that both in the West and in Russia by that time they were already trying to replace the cloudy lens of a cataract with an artificial one. But it turned out badly - the operations led to complications.

Svyatoslav Nikolaevich is looking for a craftsman who would make a lens of the required transparency. And he finds it at the Cheboksary Aggregate Plant. Semyon Yakovlevich Milman, a medical technologist, made a tiny transparent lens.

Soon Fedorov was the first in the USSR to implant an artificial lens under a microscope into 12-year-old Lena Petrova, who had congenital cataracts in both eyes. The girl began to see well in one eye.

It would seem that a unique technology has been developed that can help thousands of patients losing their vision due to cataracts. But, alas... It was suggested by a young doctor from “some kind of place” in Cheboksary. The Fedorov topic is closed.

Fedorov knocks on the doors of various institutions in Moscow to achieve the truth - to prove that his method helps patients.

He also visited the editorial office of the Izvestia newspaper. With a very strange request. Here's how the famous journalist Anatoly Agranovsky would later write about this case:

“...He came to me with an unexpected request. He needed a certificate stating that he, Fedorov, did not ask about him, about Fedorov, to be written in the newspaper. Without such a certificate, he believed, he would be finished. All his work is over.

Fedorov then worked in Cheboksary, at a branch of the Helmholtz State Institute of Eye Diseases. There he performed a rare operation, from which all his troubles began... And then an essay appeared in the local newspaper: an innovative doctor, a skilled mechanic, a girl from a Chuvash village - everything was taught in the best possible way. It was republished in one of the central newspapers, where the innovating doctor was mistakenly called the director of the branch, which forever made him the enemy of the actual director...”

After Izvestia published “The Discovery of Doctor Fedorov,” Svyatoslav Nikolaevich was invited to head the department of eye diseases at the Arkhangelsk Medical Institute. Here he began developing better materials for the production of lenses and operated a lot. The results are excellent. He is operating on the same girl, Lena Petrova, for cataracts on her second eye. Lena jokes: “Now I’m all artificial.”

In 1967, Fedorov moved to Moscow. A research problem laboratory in ophthalmology is being created at the Department of Eye Diseases of the Moscow Medical Dental Institute. Fedorov's team includes Valery Zakharov, Elza Zakharova, Albina Ivashina and Alexander Kolinko. One of the priority research goals is the creation of an artificial lens. At the same time, doctors-scientists perform operations and treat people.

In 1974, the laboratory became an independent scientific institution. It was called the Moscow Research Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Eye Surgery (MRLEKKhG). And in 1980 it was transformed into the Moscow Research Institute of Eye Microsurgery.

In 1986, on the basis of the research institute, the now famous Interindustry Scientific and Technical Complex (INTK) “Eye Microsurgery” was created. Its branches were opened in 11 major cities of Russia: Irkutsk, Khabarovsk, Yekaterinburg, Kaluga, Krasnodar, Novosibirsk, Orenburg, Volgograd, St. Petersburg, Cheboksary and Tambov. Another five centers have been created abroad. But, Svyatoslav Fedorov believes, this is not enough to help everyone in need. MNTK opens a floating hospital. Mobile operating rooms and ophthalmology rooms are being created.

In 1974, the laboratory officially became an independent institution - the Moscow Research Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Eye Surgery. Patients from all over the Soviet Union begin to come here for help.

By decree of the USSR government of September 11, 1980, MNILEKKHG was reorganized into the Moscow Research Institute of Eye Microsurgery with branches in 11 cities of the USSR: Moscow, Leningrad, Volgograd, Krasnodar, Cheboksary, Novosibirsk, Kaluga, Sverdlovsk, Tambov, Khabarovsk, Irkutsk, Orenburg.

Svyatoslav Nikolaevich revolutionized ophthalmology: from a measured science, he turned it into a bright, rapidly progressing prestigious branch of medicine. Thanks to his achievements, Russia remains one of the leaders in world ophthalmology today.

Fedorov’s motto: “Beautiful eyes for everyone!” restored sight to millions of people.

In 1994, at the International Congress of Ophthalmologists in Canada, Svyatoslav Fedorov was recognized as an outstanding ophthalmologist of the 20th century.

More than 1.5 million successful lens replacement operations have been performed using Fedorov’s method.

But Fedorov did not stop at developing one technology. He created a fundamentally new type of lightweight intraocular lenses, characterized by great plasticity. The artificial cornea model he developed is important in treatment.

Svyatoslav Nikolaevich designed a device - vitreoton, which makes it possible to achieve good results in the treatment of vitreous opacities, which are caused by injuries, inflammatory processes, and hemorrhages. He became the author of a new theory of the occurrence of open-angle glaucoma, which significantly changed the tactics of early treatment of this disease.

Fedorov became the founder of a unique direction - refractive surgery. He developed surgical methods to stop the development of myopia, astigmatism, and farsightedness, and developed special surgical instruments for performing these operations.

The first office where eye diseases were treated with laser was opened at the Svyatoslav Fedorov Institute.

The first automated operating unit was created at MNTK. In essence, it’s a conveyor belt that made it possible to use equipment and doctors as efficiently as possible. As a result, it was possible to increase the number of operations performed by one surgeon tenfold, and at the same time improve their quality.

But Fedorov did not abandon his dream of heaven. In 2000, he finally received a license to fly a helicopter. Just shortly before this, he bought a Gazelle helicopter made in Yugoslavia. He had 30 hours of flying time at the controls.

...On that day, June 2, 2000, the helicopter was returning to Moscow after the anniversary celebrations on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the Tambov branch of MNTK. Academician Fedorov was sitting in the co-pilot's seat. Due to technical problems, the helicopter crashed. Svyatoslav Nikolaevich died.

He was buried in the rural cemetery of the village of Rozhdestvenno-Suvorovo, Mytishchi district, 60 km from Moscow.

The choice of location was not accidental. Academician Fedorov loved the Moscow region very much. And next to the village he founded a huge health complex MNTK. In 1989, on his initiative and with funds from the MNTK, the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary was restored in the village of Rozhdestvenno-Suvorovo. The estate of Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov's father was located in this village.

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Great scientists: Svyatoslav Fedorov. Soviet and Russian ophthalmologist, eye microsurgeon, one of the participants in the introduction of radial keratotomy, professor