Curator hour for May 9. Class hour for elementary school students “May 9 – Victory Day”
Class hour.
Target:
Creation of the necessary conditions conducive to the education of patriotic feelings in younger schoolchildren, the formation of their own civic and patriotic position and familiarization with the historical past of their people.
Tasks:
To cultivate the civil and patriotic qualities of a person and a worthy citizen of his country using examples of the heroic deeds of his compatriots;
Develop in students the ability to understand problems, reason, draw conclusions and generalizations
Develop skills of independent work with additional literature and documentary material;
Promote the development of creative abilities and cognitive interests
Class: 4 g
Visibility: video materials, posters about the Second World War.
Technologies: ICT - technologies (an interactive whiteboard is used - presentation, videos, audio recordings)
Preliminary preparation:
Learning poems and songs
Preparation of a dramatization of the song “Three Tankers”
Selection of war songs, videos, audio recordings
Preparing the script
Drawing war posters
Office decoration
Annotation.
Theme of the class hour: “May 9 - Victory Day.” The class hour helps to instill patriotic feelings in younger schoolchildren and introduces them to the historical past of their people. The class hour was preceded by careful preparation. The following participants took part in the preparation: the teacher, students and parents. Posters about the Great Patriotic War were prepared, poems and songs were learned, a presentation was made, and a group of students prepared a dramatization of the song “Three Tankers.” I, as a class teacher, wrote the script and helped prepare the groups.
This event contributed to the development of creative abilities and cognitive interests of students.
Progress of the class hour.
1) Introductory conversation
Teacher:
It was the shortest night of the year. People were sleeping peacefully. And suddenly:
War! War!
On June 22, 1941, German fascists attacked our homeland. They attacked like thieves, like robbers. They wanted to seize our lands, our cities and villages, and either kill our people or make them their servants and slaves. The Great Patriotic War began. It lasted four years.
Levitan's appeal. (audio recording)
2) 1941
1 reader:
June... The sunset was approaching evening.
And the sea overflowed during the white night,
And the sonorous laughter of the guys was heard,
Those who do not know, those who do not know grief.
Reader 2:
June... We didn’t know then
Walking from school evenings,
That tomorrow will be the first day of the war,
And it will end only in 1945, in May.
Reader 3:
It seemed cold to the flowers
And they faded slightly from the dew.
The dawn that walked through the grass and bushes.
We searched through German binoculars.
Reader 4:
Everything breathed such silence,
It seemed that the whole earth was still sleeping
Who knew that between peace and war,
Only about 5 minutes left.
A song based on the poems of V. Lebedev-Kumach “Holy War” is played.
(performed by 1 group of children)
-Teacher:This song sounded like an alarm bell over the country in the first days of the war, when all Russian people believed that this test, which had struck so suddenly and crushingly, was about to end. But the war dragged on for years. Four terrible years...
Reader 5:
Oh, war, what have you done, vile.
Our yards have become quiet.
Our boys raised their heads -
They have matured for the time being.
They barely loomed on the threshold
And they left, after the soldier the soldier...
Goodbye boys!
boys,
Try to go back.
No, don't hide, be tall,
Spare no bullets or grenades.
And don’t spare yourself, but still
Try to go back.
Teacher: In 1941, the heroic epic of the defense of Leningrad began, the defense of the Hanko Peninsula lasted 5 months, the Battle of Smolensk lasted 2 months, Kyiv was defended for 71 days, Odessa was defended for 73 days. On October 30, the siege of Sevastopol began, which lasted 250 days. By September 1941, the enemy had advanced east another 240–300 km, blocked Leningrad, captured Smolensk and Kiev, and reached the approaches to Kharkov. However, the victorious march of the Nazis gradually lost its shine, the Germans’ confidence in an early victory melted as they approached Moscow. The cold and severity of the Russian winter was a complete surprise to the enemy, who had hoped to conquer the Soviet Union within a few warm months. The Battle of Moscow became the first solemn chord in the funeral march of Nazi Germany. This battle lasted more than six months. More than 3 million people, about 2.7 thousand tanks, up to 2 thousand aircraft, and up to 22 thousand guns and mortars took part in it on both sides. Victory became possible not only thanks to the tactical literacy of our commanders, but also to the courage of the Soviet people.
3) 1942.
Teacher: In the second half of 1942, the main battles moved to the area between the Volga and Don rivers, where the gigantic Battle of Stalingrad unfolded, which had no analogues in the entire previous history of wars and battles. In certain periods, up to 2 million people, 26 thousand guns and mortars, more than 2 thousand tanks, and 2 thousand aircraft took part in the battles on both sides simultaneously. The battles began in July 1942 and ended only in February 1943. Bloody battles continued day and night for six and a half months.
4) 1943
Teacher: On August 5, 1943, the sky over Moscow for the first time since the start of the Great Patriotic War was illuminated by artillery fireworks. This is how the Soviet Union learned about the victory in the Battle of Kursk.
The Battle of Kursk began on July 5, 1943. Fierce battles took place not only on the ground, but also in the air. During the week of fighting, the enemy managed to penetrate only 10–12 km deep into our defenses. The complete failure of the plans forced the German command to regroup forces. However, all attempts by the Nazis to take revenge failed. On July 12, 1943, the Soviet offensive began. One after another, cities, towns, and villages were liberated.
6 reader .
In different parts of the country we saw:
Tanks frozen on an honorary pedestal
They defended their native land,
Sometimes they died with tank crews.
7 reader.
There are a lot of songs about tankers
Very heroic attitude!
She followed the tanker everywhere
Formation after formation came out to fight
Russian, Soviet, native
An army that is strong with tanks
The whole country, from edge to edge
Full of songs about tankers!
8 reader.
Where the infantry cannot go off-road,
And the dashing cavalry will not rush by, -
There a tank will crawl carefully on tracks,
Through trenches and road bumps.
9 reader.
The tank driver is famous for his long-standing military work,
And the iron war horse is covered in glory.
More than once in battle you have prevented trouble,
Threatening to deal with the power!
10 reader
We remember from childhood the song “Three Tankers..”
And we know that “Order in the tank forces”
The armor is strong and our tanks are fast,
As long as the crews are in place.
The song “Three Tankmen” is played (Performed by 2 groups of children with a performance)
5) 1944.
Teacher: The Soviet Union greeted this year with new successes both at the front and in the rear. We stopped the victorious march of fascists across our land. On August 10, 1944, the 900-day siege of Leningrad was lifted. During the winter of 1941–42, 264 thousand people died of starvation there. A child could receive only 125 grams of bread per day. Exhausted people went to their workplaces every day and often met death there. The entire city was littered with the bodies of those who had died from hunger and cold - people did not even have the strength to bury their relatives.
The museum houses the diary of a little Leningrad woman, Tanya Savicheva. Just a few pages of uneven children's handwriting - a small chronicle of great grief:
The Savichevs died.
Tanya is the only one left.
Everyone died.
6) 1945
Teacher: Our entire country, the army and the rear have turned into a single battle camp. And the people overcame the war.
On the night of April 30 to May 1, the Victory Banner glowed red over the Reichstag dome.
And on May 8, the act of unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany was signed.
On May 8, 1945, representatives of Nazi Germany - Field Marshal W. Keitel, Colonel General of Aviation G. Stumpf and Admiral of the Fleet G. Friedeburg signed an act of unconditional surrender. The Soviet Supreme High Command was represented at this historical procedure by Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov.
The war ended, and the whole world breathed a sigh of relief: Victory!
The song “Victory Day” is played (Audio recording)
I ask everyone to stand up. Let us bow our heads before the greatness of the feat of the Soviet soldier. Let's honor the memory of all those killed with a minute of silence. About 40 million Soviet people died. Can you imagine what this means? Every fourth resident of the country died.
(Metronome sounds) A minute of silence.
11 reader.
Through centuries, through years, -
Remember! About those who will never come again -
12 reader.
Do not Cry!
Hold back the moans in your throat,
Bitter moans.
Be worthy of the memory of the fallen!
Eternally worthy!
13 reader.
As long as hearts are knocking,
At what cost
Happiness has been won -
Please remember!
The song “Great-Grandfather” is played (performed by the whole class)
Presentation for the song.
Teacher: 69 years of our Victory!
May dawn again.
And silently they walk across the planet, returned peace and spring!
Class notes for Victory Day for grades 8-9 “Song in a soldier’s overcoat”
A song can destroy an enemy just like any weapon.
A. Alexandrov
Class hour dedicated to the music of the war years.
Soviet songs of the war years contain a huge charge of morality and patriotism. This charge can be directed towards the patriotic education of teenagers. Songs of the war years are classics of Soviet song. Familiarity with such music can give children criteria for evaluating a musical work in general and a song in particular. In form, this event can be called an hour of communication. It can be divided into two parts: an information block (short stories about the history of the creation of songs), an interactive conversation - discussion and a musical minute - singing songs.
Goals: expand children’s understanding of the Great Patriotic War, familiarize them with the history of the creation of famous songs; to form in children a positive attitude towards songs of the war years, rejection of attempts to distort and denigrate the history of the war; cultivate artistic taste, aesthetic sense; awaken the desire to sing and listen to songs of the Great Patriotic War.
Preparatory work with children:
Prepare a creative group (6 children), distributing the information block material between them (one photocopy of the script is enough);
Copy the words of the songs that the children will sing at the end of class.
Decor: paraphernalia of the Great Patriotic War (photo posters, gramophone, images of orders and medals); on the board - topic, epigraph.
Musical arrangement: musical recordings of songs (“Dugout”, “Dark Night”, “Blue Handkerchief”, “Holy War”).
Class plan
I. Opening remarks.
II. Information block:
1. Songs vs. songs.
2. "Dugout".
3. "Dark Night."
4. “Blue handkerchief.”
5. "Holy War".
III. Interactive conversation on the topic “Old songs about the main thing.”
IV. Final word.
V. Musical finale “Let’s sing, friends!”
Class progress
I. Opening remarks
Classroom teacher. Guys, every day you hear dozens of songs. Some songs become incredibly popular and are suddenly forgotten. But there are some songs that have survived their time and become classics. Classic means exemplary, impeccable, impeccable. The authors of these songs have captured some kind of nerve, some secret mechanism that affects the listener even after decades. And makes the song eternal. Such eternal songs include songs of the Great Patriotic War. Let's read the topic of today's class hour (reading). Now let’s read the epigraph (reads). Do you think a song can be a fighter or a formidable weapon?
Sample answers from children:
A song can be a fighter because it leads into battle.
As long as people sing songs, they believe in victory.
Song brings people together and makes them stronger, so it can be a formidable weapon.
A song can lift the spirit of warriors and raise them to heroic deeds, so a song is a formidable weapon.
In songs, soldiers sing about what is dear to them, for which they will fight until the last drop of blood.
The song helps the soldiers in their life at the front, so we can say that the song fights with the soldiers, which means the song is also a fighter.
Classroom teacher. Indeed, a song is both a fighter and a formidable weapon. Today we will talk about songs of the Great Patriotic War. These songs accompanied our soldiers to the front and greeted us in liberated cities, songs lifted us into battle and helped us survive the loss of loved ones, songs walked with the infantry and rode with tankers along the dusty roads of war, songs rose into the sky on wings with red stars and plowed the seas . The song is a musical chronicle of the Great Patriotic War. I give the floor to the creative group that prepared the information block for today's class hour.
II. Information block
Songs vs songs
Student 1. And the songs really fought!
The German scientist Eberhard Dieckmann told our writer Vadim Kozhinov that in Germany before the war they did not sing lyrical songs at all - only marches were heard everywhere! In these marches Germany was glorified, the German nation was sung, the Fuhrer and Nazi leaders were praised. These songs were supposed to raise the morale of German soldiers before marching to the East to conquer living space. With such fighting spirit, the German soldier crossed the border of our country, and Nazi marches began to flow across our land. And everywhere, in all corners of Russia, our entire people rose up against these marches: soldiers and sailors, old people and children, people of all nationalities rose up to fight so that they would never hear these Nazi marches on their land.
What songs inspired our people to fight? I will list only the titles: “Nightingales”, “Darkie”, “Blue Handkerchief”, “Dark Night”, “Katyusha”, “Dugout”, “Oh, my fogs are foggy”. These were not marching songs, but lyrical songs. They talked about love, about home, about spring, about birch trees, nightingales. And these songs won! Because with these songs our people defended not their living space, but their native land, their native birches, loved ones and loved ones. Our group has prepared a story about the history of the creation of several songs. Today we will listen to the songs of the Great Patriotic War, learn about the history of their creation, mentally transport ourselves to those thunderstorms of the forties, imagine how our great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers felt when they heard these songs at the front or in the rear.
"Dugout"
(The song “Dugout” plays.)
Student 2. There is probably no person in our country who would not recognize this song.
You are far, far away now.
Between us there is snow and snow.
It's not easy for me to reach you,
And there are four steps to death.
The poet Alexei Surkov wrote these lines in 1941 in a dugout, in “snow-white fields near Moscow.” He had no idea that he was writing the words of a popularly known song. He simply wrote a letter to his wife in verse, describing his feelings after the difficult battles for Moscow. A year later, composer K. Listov happened to be passing through Moscow. He came to the editorial office of the front-line newspaper, where the poet Surkov worked and asked for something “song”. The poet proposed this lyrical letter. The composer immediately composed a melody and wrote it down on an ordinary piece of notebook paper - he drew five rulers, wrote down the notes and left. The words and melody of the song were published in the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper. The song turned out to be very warm, sincere, a little sad, but it did not evoke melancholy among the soldiers, but contempt for death. This song was a song - a fighter, participated in the struggle and helped bring victory closer. It was loved and sung on all fronts, just like the other song you are about to hear.
"Dark night"
(The song “Dark Night” plays.)
Student 3. The song “Dark Night” from the film “Two Fighters” was first performed by the popular favorite actor Mark Bernes, who played the main role. The song was immediately remembered by the audience. It was written literally in one breath. The film “Two Fighters” was filmed in 1942 at the Tashkent Film Studio. The music for the film was written by the famous composer Nikita Bogoslovsky. According to the director's plan, a sincere song should have been featured in the film. As soon as the director explained to the composer the state and feelings of the hero, Nikita Bogoslovsky immediately sat down at the piano and played the melody of the future song without stopping. That's how this music was born the first time. This is how she entered the film without a single change. On all fronts this song was heard in moments of short rest, in between battles. Our soldier fought for his home, for his crib, for his beloved, until the “dark night” of the war ended over our country.
"Blue scarf"
(The song “Blue Handkerchief” plays.)
Student 4. Moscow jazz lovers sang the song “Blue Handkerchief” even before the war. But this light jazz song would have been forgotten very soon if not for the People's Artist of the Soviet Union Klavdiya Shulzhenko. In 1942, she asked a young lieutenant, an employee of a front-line newspaper, to write other words to this melody. The lieutenant composed all night. This is how the song with military words appeared.
“I immediately liked the simple, touching words,” said Shulzhenko. - There was a lot of truth in them. Each warrior has one native woman, the most beloved, close and dear, for grief, suffering, deprivation, for separation from whom he will take revenge on the enemy.
The machine gunner is scribbling
For a blue handkerchief,
What was on the shoulders of the dear ones!
This was the second birth of the song. With the new text, the “Blue Handkerchief” took its place in the combat positions and reached Berlin with our soldier. Such episodes of the war speak about how the “Blue Handkerchief” fought. Once Shulzhenko gave a concert in an aviation regiment. After the concert, one of the pilots told her that the “Blue Handkerchief” would be with the pilots in all battles and they would dedicate the first “Junker” or “Messer” they shot down to her. Shulzhenko did not have to wait long. The very next day, this pilot shot down a fascist Messerschmitt. “We needed Shulzhenko’s songs, like shells and cartridges, in battle,” said soldiers and officers.
"Holy war"
(The song “Holy War” plays.)
Student 5. The main song of the Great Patriotic War is “Holy War.” This song contained a charge of such power that to this day many people get a lump in their throat and tears come to their eyes when they hear: “Get up, huge country, get up for mortal combat...”
- “This is a hymn of revenge and a curse on Hitlerism” - this is what its author, composer A. Alexandrov, said about this song. He recalled that during the war this song was always listened to while standing, with some special impulse, a holy mood, and not only the fighters, but also the performers themselves often cried.
Student 6. This song was born in the very first days of the war. In one night, the poet V. Lebedev-Kumach wrote a poem, which was immediately published in newspapers. Composer A. Alexandrov read this poem in one of the newspapers. He was the leader of the Red Army Song and Dance Ensemble. The poem made such a strong impression on the composer that he immediately sat down at the piano. The next day, Alexandrov was already rehearsing a new song with the ensemble. And a day later, the choir performed the song for the first time at the Belorussky railway station, from where combat trains departed for the front in those days.
Student 5. This is what contemporaries wrote about this first performance (reading).
“...In the waiting room there was a platform made from freshly planed boards - a kind of stage for a performance. The ensemble's artists climbed to this elevation, and a doubt involuntarily arose in them: is it possible to perform in such an environment? There is noise in the hall, sharp commands, sounds of the radio. The words of the presenter, who announces that the song “Holy War” will now be performed for the first time, are drowned in the general hum. But then the hand of Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov rises and the hall gradually falls silent...
The worries were in vain. From the very first bars, the song captured the fighters. And when the second verse sounded, there was absolute silence in the hall. Everyone stood up as if during the anthem. Tears are visible on the stern faces, and this excitement is transmitted to the performers. They all have tears in their eyes too...
The song died down, but the fighters demanded a repetition. Again and again - five times in a row! - the ensemble sang "Holy War"... "
Student 6. Thus began the battle path of this song, a glorious and long path. From that day on, “The Holy War” was adopted by our army and all the people, and became the musical anthem of the Great Patriotic War. It was sung everywhere - at the forefront, in partisan detachments, in the rear. Every morning after the striking of the Kremlin chimes, it sounded on the radio. In the chronicles of the Patriotic War there are many heroic episodes that tell how this anthem song entered into battle. One of them dates back to the spring of 1942. A small group of defenders of Sevastopol took up defense in a cave carved into the rock. The Nazis furiously stormed this natural fortress and threw grenades at it. The strength of the defenders was melting... And suddenly a song was heard from the depths of the dungeon:
Get up, huge country,
Stand up for mortal combat
With fascist dark power,
With the damned horde...
Then there was a strong explosion, and fragments of rock filled the cave... The Soviet soldiers did not surrender to the hated enemy. Many military leaders said that the power of this song could be compared to “an entire armored corps.”
III. Interactive conversation on the topic “Old songs about the main thing”
Classroom teacher. Today you got acquainted with the history of several songs of the Great Patriotic War. What impression did these songs make on you? How does your family feel about these old songs?
Sample answers from children:
Grandmothers, grandfathers, parents love these songs, they love watching TV shows, they know the words by heart.
When there is a celebration in the family and all the relatives gather, old songs are always sung at the table.
Songs like “Holy War” cannot be sung just like that. This is a very strong song. This is something sacred.
The impression is a chill on the skin and a lump in the throat. It’s the same with my parents - my great-grandfather died in the war.
Classroom teacher. “Old songs about the main thing” - in a television program with this title, modern artists are now performing songs of the war years. What do you think is the most important thing that is sung in these songs?
Sample answers from children:
Love, home, family, children.
Homeland, freedom, clear skies above your head.
Duty, loyalty, honor.
Classroom teacher. At the beginning of the class we talked about how songs are like soldiers, they also fought. And the main song of the Great Patriotic War, “Holy War,” is still at the forefront. And in our time she is fighting. Suddenly rumors began to appear that supposedly the words of this song were written by a Russified German back in 1916 in connection with the First World War. And the poet Lebedev-Kumach appropriated them for himself or simply stole them. Philological scholars have exposed this lie. Firstly, there is not a single handwritten text belonging to the pen of this very German, and secondly, Lebedev-Kumach has preserved Dozens of drafts with variants of this poem, which indicates intense work on the text. And such a song could not have appeared before the First World War. The soldiers did not understand the essence of this war and did not want to fight - where did such intensity of patriotism, such energy come from? Why do you think all these accusations were started? It would seem, well, what difference does it make who wrote it?
(Children express their guesses.)
The fact is that this is not just a song - it is a hymn to the greatness of the people who defeated fascism. In order to denigrate our Victory, they begin to “attack” his song... This is the same annoying desire to instill in us the idea of our second-classness, inferiority. Like, what can these Russians create? Everything great comes only from the Germans. Our great-grandfathers have already dispelled this myth by hoisting a red flag over the Reichstag. Several generations of our people have been well vaccinated against these myths. How can today's youth avoid being captured by these myths?
Sample answers from children:
We need to learn more about the war.
You need to learn to respect yourself, your people, your history.
Classroom teacher. Indeed, you need to learn to respect your history, your people, your heroes. You need to have your own national dignity.
VI. Final word
Classroom teacher. The Great Patriotic War is moving further and further away from us. The generation that remembers this war is also passing away. But the memory of the people’s feat does not go away. It remains in books, photographs, films, and in the stories of great-grandfathers. But songs do not just preserve memory - they preserve the soul of the people. Listening to these songs, you understand that fascism was defeated not by fabulous heroes, but by ordinary people. They were scared, cold, hurt. But they survived. This is the strength and greatness of our great-grandfathers. And the songs helped them win, so the songs are also veterans of the Great Patriotic War. And on these May victorious days, let's remember them too.
V. Musical finale “Let’s sing, friends!”
(The music is turned on, the children sing songs that they learned about during the class hour.)
Class hour: “These days the glory will not cease…”
Tasks:
- introduce students to the exploits of the people during the Second World War;
- expand students' knowledge about the Great Patriotic War;
Target:
- To form a respectful attitude towards the heroes of the Second World War and the past of our Motherland.
- to cultivate patriotic feelings in younger schoolchildren: respect for the older generation, a sense of pride in their people, their homeland.
Teacher: There are events, dates, names of people that have gone down in the history of the city, the region of the country, and even the history of the entire Earth. Books are written about them, legends are told, poetry and music are composed. The main thing is that they are remembered. And this memory is passed down from generation to generation and does not allow distant days and events to fade. One of these events was the Great Patriotic War of our people against Nazi Germany. Everyone should preserve her memory.
1 reader:
To those who went into battle for their homeland, survived and won...
To those who were burned in the Buchenwald ovens,
To those who went to the bottom like a stone at river crossings.
To those who sank forever nameless in fascist captivity,
To those who were ready to give their hearts for a just cause,
Those who fell under cars instead of pontoon bridges.
Dedicated to all those who went into immortality and won...
Reader 2:
The entire globe is underfoot.
I live. I'm breathing. I sing.
But in memory it is always with me
Killed in battle.
Let me not name all the names,
There is no blood relative.
Isn't that why I live
Why did they die?
Teacher. At dawn on June 22, 1941, the Great Patriotic War began. For 4 long years until May 9, 1945, our grandfathers and great-grandfathers fought for the liberation of their homeland from fascism. They did this for the sake of future generations, for our sake.
1. On the first day of the war they were 17-20 years old. Of every 100 children of this age who went to the front, 97 did not return. 97 out of 100! Here it is, war! Remember!
2. War means 1,725 destroyed and burned cities and towns, over 70 thousand villages and hamlets in our country. War means 32 thousand blown up plants and factories, 65 thousand kilometers of railway tracks. Remember!
3. War is 900 days and nights of besieged Leningrad. This is 125 grams of bread per day. These are tons of bombs and shells falling on civilians. Remember!
4. War means 20 hours at the machine a day. This is a crop grown on soil salty from sweat. These are bloody calluses on the palms of girls and boys like you. Remember!
5. War... From Brest to Moscow - 1000 km, from Moscow to Berlin - 1600. Total: 2600 km - this is if you count in a straight line.
6. It seems a little, right? By plane it takes about 4 hours, but by dashing and on your belly - 4 years 1418 days. Remember!
Teacher: - When talking about war, we often talk about exploits. How do you understand the word “feat”? (Students reason.)
A feat is when, in a great unselfish impulse of the soul, a person gives himself to people, in the name of people he sacrifices everything, even his own life.
There is a feat of one person, two, three, hundreds, thousands, and there is a FEAT OF THE PEOPLE, when the people rise to defend the Fatherland, its honor, dignity and freedom.
Almost all of Western Europe lay under the forged heel of the Nazi invaders when Nazi Germany unleashed the power of its tanks, planes, guns and shells on our state. And it was necessary to be a very strong people, to have a steely character, to have great moral strength in order to resist the enemy, to overcome his countless forces.
Reader 3:
From the endless Siberian plain
To Polesie forests and swamps
The heroic people rose up,
Our great, mighty people!
He came out: free and right,
Responding war to war,
Stand up for your native state,
For our mighty country!
Teacher . Everyone stood up to defend the Motherland. Trains went to the front, partisan detachments were created, and women and children went on labor shifts. They fought in partisan detachments, worked in military factories, collected warm clothes for front-line soldiers, and gave concerts to the wounded in hospitals. They met the war at different ages. Some are very young, some are teenagers. Someone was on the threshold of adolescence. The war found them in capital cities and small villages, at home and visiting their grandmother, in a pioneer camp, on the front line and in the rear.
Here are just some lines from the memories of children of those years.
Reader 4: “At the beginning of the war, I was 12 years old. My family was not evacuated from Moscow. In the first year of the war, schools were not open, but we did not sit idly by. We collected medical vials and donated them to hospitals. And in the spring and summer we were taken out to collect nettles , from which cabbage soup was cooked in hospitals. We, children, were on duty on the roofs during the bombings and extinguished incendiary bombs."
Reader 5: “The war found our family, the family of a military doctor, near Brest on June 22, 1941. My mother and sister died before my eyes. I was nine and a half years old. I was picked up by two soldiers, and we began to leave the encirclement, making our way to our own. We crossed the front, and I was enrolled as a student, the son of a regiment, in special reconnaissance at the headquarters of the 4th Army. I carried out reconnaissance missions, but at the beginning of 1942 I came under fire, was wounded, and was sent to the rear for treatment.....
Teacher. Very young fighters fought on the front lines and in partisan detachments along with adults. Next to the names of the legendary war heroes Panfilov, Karbyshev, Gastello and many others, we name the names of young heroes who gave their lives for victory.
Children's messages about pioneer heroes.
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya -born September 13, 1923. After graduating from the 9th grade of a Moscow school, Zoya of her own free will went to the front to join a partisan detachment. Twice she was sent behind enemy lines. At the end of November 1941, near the village of Petrishchevo, she was captured by the Nazis, who tortured her. They demanded that she confess who sent her and why. The courageous girl did not answer a single question from the Germans. She didn't even give her real first and last name. After long and painful torture, Zoya was killed.
She was given the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for her courage and heroism shown in the fight against the German fascists. There are many monuments.
Lenya Golikov - grew up in the village of Lukino. When his native village was captured by the enemy, the boy went to the partisans. More than once he went on reconnaissance missions and brought important information to the partisan detachment.
There was a battle in his life that Lenya fought one on one with a fascist general. A grenade thrown by a boy hit a car. A Nazi man got out of it with a briefcase in his hands and, firing back, began to run. Lenya is behind him. He pursued the enemy for almost a kilometer and finally killed him. The briefcase contained very important documents. The partisan headquarters immediately transported them by plane to Moscow. But soon Lenya died.
Valya Kotik - born February 11, 1930. He studied at school No. 4 in the city of Shepetovka, and was a recognized leader of the pioneers, his peers. When the Nazis burst into Shepetivka, Valya Kotik and his friends decided to fight the enemy. After the event, Valya was entrusted to be a scout. He learned the location of enemy posts and the order of changing the guard.
The pioneer, who had just turned fourteen years old, fought shoulder to shoulder with adults, liberating his native land.
Valya Kotik died as a hero, and the Motherland posthumously awarded him the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Zina Portnova The war found Zuya in the village, where she came on vacation. An underground organization, the Young Avengers, was created, and Zina was elected a member of its committee. She participated in operations against the enemy, distributed leaflets, and conducted reconnaissance.
In December 1943, the girl was captured by the Nazis and tortured. The answer to the enemy was Zina’s silence. The brave young pioneer was brutally tortured, but until the last minute she remained persistent, courageous, and unbending. And the Motherland posthumously celebrated her feat with its highest title - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Marat Kazei. ...War fell on Belarusian soil. The Nazis burst into the village where Marat and his mother lived. In the fall, Marat no longer had to go to school in the fifth grade. The Nazis turned the school building into their home. After the death of his mother, Marat went to the partisans and became a scout. He penetrated enemy garrisons and delivered valuable information.
The boy took part in battles and showed courage.
Marat died in battle. He fought to the last bullet, and when he had only one grenade left, he let his enemies get closer and blew them up... and himself.
For his courage and bravery, pioneer Marat Kazei was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A monument to the young hero was erected in the city of Minsk.
About 40 million Soviet people died. Can you imagine what this means? This means 30 killed per 2 meters of land, 28 thousand killed daily. This means that every fourth resident of the country died.
Reader 6:
Quiet guys, a moment of silence
Let's honor the memory of the heroes,
In the morning they greeted the sun,
Almost our peers.
There are none among us
Who went to the front and never returned.
Let's remember in centuries, in years,
About those who will never come again.
Let's remember!
Teacher. I ask everyone to stand up. Let us bow our heads before the greatness of the feat of the Soviet soldier. Let's honor the memory of all those killed with a minute of silence. (Minute of silence with metronome sounds).
Reader 7:
The sun is shining on Victory Day
And it will always shine for us.
In fierce battles our grandfather
They managed to defeat the enemy.
The columns are marching in an even formation,
And songs flow here and there,
And in the sky of hero cities
Festive fireworks are sparkling!
Teacher. On this day, solemn rallies are held in every city in our country. And in the forefront are veterans - those who went through the war.
8 reader:
Let there never be war!
Let the peaceful cities sleep.
Let the sirens howl piercingly
Doesn't sound over my head.
Let no shell explode,
Not a single one is making a machine gun.
Let our forests ring out
Slide captions:
2 From here they left into immortality, so that we could love this land more deeply. B. Fesovets.
Dear Russia, What great glory is our dear mother! To crown your affairs? With what lofty word? With what measure should I call your feat? What have you suffered? 5
Moscow, Moscow, a sacred power, Blessing, believing and loving, We are for you - out of duty, and by right, And out of love - we fight for you! 6
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya 11
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya – Hero of the Soviet Union 12
Lenya Golikov 13
Valya Kotik 15
Zina Portnova 17
Marat Kazei 19
For almost four years a terrible war raged. And again Russian nature is full of living awe. 21
1. immerse children in the atmosphere of the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945,
2. introduce some military terms;
3. expand your horizons;
4. develop attention, thinking, semantic memory, imagination;
5. cultivate a sense of patriotism.
Equipment: crossword puzzle printouts.
Progress of the lesson:
Today we will talk about the Great Patriotic War. I hope that this lesson will help you gain a little more knowledge about this very important event for our country. It is not for nothing that every year on May 9 we solemnly celebrate Victory Day, one of the most important holidays of our people.
Let's start with a warm-up. I will say a phrase, and if you agree, raise your hand.
➢ In 1945, the USSR attacked Germany. (No, Germany is like the USSR.)
➢ WWII lasted 1418 days. (Yes)
➢ The word “Fatherland” is similar to the words “Motherland”, “Fatherland”. (Yes)
➢ G.K. Zhukov - legendary commander of the Second World War, Marshal of the USSR. (Yes)
➢ A feat is when a person becomes famous and popular. (No, this is when he does a noble act, risking his life.)
➢ The USSR surpassed Germany in the number of weapons and soldiers at the beginning of the war. (No)
➢ Former war participants are called veterans. (Yes)
➢ Leningrad is a besieged city. (Yes)
➢ Reconnaissance is the collection of information about the enemy and the terrain necessary to assess the situation and make a decision. (Yes)
To plunge deeper into the atmosphere of those war years, let's complete the following tasks. I'll tell you a few words. Try to connect them in your imagination and remember them. Then I will say the first word of the pair, and you will say the second.
war - peace sniper - bullet
battle - respite plane - bombing
injury - hospital letter - family
front - rear feat - hero
scout - walkie-talkie partisans - forest
award - general victory - holiday
In the next task, I will ask you to think about how these groups of words relate to the Second World War:
➢ Moscow, Leningrad, Stalingrad, Kursk. (Names of cities for which fierce battles took place.)
➢ G. K. Zhukov, K. K. Rokossovsky, A. M. Vasilevsky, I. S. Konev. (Commanders)
➢ V. Talalikhin, D. Karbyshev, N. Gastello, A. Matrosov. (Heroes)
Teacher. Do you think it’s scary in war? (Children's response.) How do you imagine hand-to-hand combat? (Children's answers.) Try to put together the famous poems of the poetess Yu. Drunina, a participant in the Second World War, from four “messed up” lines.
He knows nothing about the war.
I've only seen hand-to-hand combat once.
Once - in reality. And hundreds of times in my dreams.
Who says that war is not scary?
He knows nothing about the war.
Of course, our grandfathers and great-grandfathers were scared. But, in spite of everything, they rose to the attack and shouted “Hurray!”, “For the Motherland!” they beat the fascists because they knew that except for them, no one would defend their native land, family, and loved ones. To encourage themselves, they often uttered the following proverb. Select the “key” and decipher it:
Answer: “You can’t have two deaths, but you can’t avoid one.” (Read in columns.)
The next task is called “Choose a word.” Just as the second word of the first line relates to the first, so the second word of the second line must relate to the first
➢ Moscow - Russians.
Berlin - ... (fascists, Germans, Nazis.)
➢ Airplane - sky.
Tank - ... (field, meadow, earth.)
➢ Feat - glory.
Betrayal - ... (shame, grief, misfortune.)
I want to open before you just a few pages of the chronicle of the Great Patriotic War. I'll start with a story about the Battle of Smolensk, which took place in the summer of 1941. It is known that Smolensk is called the “key city”, the “key” to the gates of Moscow. Throughout the centuries-old history of Moscow, enemies have repeatedly tried to capture our capital, and often the path to it lay through Smolensk. And this glorious city always stood up to protect the white stone city, offering serious resistance to the enemy. So it was this time. At the beginning of the war, the Nazis had a significant superiority in the number of weapons and troops. They dreamed of “opening” the gates to Moscow with one lightning strike. But they failed. Fierce, bloody battles ensued near Smolensk. Two months of stubborn resistance cost the Nazis dearly. Many of them, who dreamed of marching victoriously through the streets of Moscow, found their deaths in the fields of the Smolensk region.
The Soviet Guard was born in the Battle of Smolensk. The best of the best, heroic units of the Red Army were awarded this title. It was considered an honor to serve in them.
Almost at the same time, near the Belarusian city of Orsha, a new formidable weapon was used for the first time on the battlefield - a rocket-propelled mortar, which brought terror and panic to the Nazis with its unprecedented power of salvo fire. It was named, as you may have guessed, by the affectionate female name “Katyusha”. Why is this so? Even before the start of the Second World War, authors Matvey Blanter and Mikhail Isakovsky wrote a song about a girl and her lover, who is serving in the army. This song became incredibly popular. Even you are familiar with the lines:
Apple and pear trees bloomed,
Fogs floated over the river...
"Katyusha" has become one of the symbols of the country. It was sung everywhere: both at the front and in the rear. It was like a piece from a happy, peaceful time, reminiscent of the homeland, loved ones and loved ones. It turns out that this song also fought. That is why the fighters called the new weapon “Katyusha”.
What other types of weapons do you know? (Children's answers.)
Take matches and try to make a model of some type of weapon out of them, for example, an airplane or a tank. (Children are working.)
In conclusion - independent work. Solve the crossword puzzle "Military". If you took an active part in today's lesson, you will not have any difficulty completing it. (Children receive printouts of the crossword puzzle and work.)
1. Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Army during the Second World War. (Stalin)
2. Old warrior. (Veteran)
4. Synonym for the word “Fatherland”. (Motherland)
5. An artillery piece with a female name. ("Katyusha")
6. This noble act is performed by a person risking his life. (Feat)
7. Legendary commander of the Second World War. (Zhukov)
8. Warrior's protective headdress. (Helmet) Vertically.
9. Swift attack. (Attack)
10. Siege city. (Leningrad)
11. Gathering information about the enemy. (Intelligence service)
12. The country's armed forces. (Army)
Teacher. Now please continue the phrase: “Today I learned...”.
