Who wrote the nose is the author. Retelling of the work "The Nose" by N.V. Gogol
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The history of the creation of “The Nose” is a satirical absurdist story written by Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol in 1832-1833. This work is often called the most mysterious story. In 1835, the Moscow Observer magazine refused to publish Gogol’s story, calling it “bad, vulgar and trivial.” But, unlike “The Moscow Observer,” Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin believed that there was “so much unexpected, fantastic, funny and original” in the work that he persuaded the author to publish the story in the Sovremennik magazine in 1836.
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(Gogol and Nose. Caricature) The story “The Nose” was subjected to severe and repeated criticism, as a result a number of details in the work were redone by the author: for example, the meeting of Major Kovalev with the Nose was moved from the Kazan Cathedral to Gostiny Dvor, and the ending of the story was changed several times.
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Brilliant grotesque This is one of N.V.’s favorite literary devices. Gogol. But if in early works it was used to create an atmosphere of mystery and mystery in the narrative, then in a later period it turned into a way of satirically reflecting the surrounding reality. The story "The Nose" is a clear confirmation of this. The inexplicable and strange disappearance of the nose from Major Kovalev’s face and his incredible independent existence separately from his owner suggest the unnaturalness of the order in which a high status in society means much more than the person himself. In this state of affairs, any inanimate object can suddenly acquire significance and weight if it acquires the proper rank. This is the main problem of the story "The Nose".
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Theme of the work So what is the meaning of such an incredible plot? The main theme of Gogol's story "The Nose" is the character's loss of a piece of his self. This probably happens under the influence of evil spirits. The organizing role in the plot is given to the motive of persecution, although Gogol does not indicate the specific embodiment of supernatural power. The mystery captivates readers literally from the first sentence of the work, it is constantly reminded of it, it reaches its climax... but there is no solution even in the finale. Covered in the darkness of the unknown is not only the mysterious separation of the nose from the body, but also how he could exist independently, and even in the status of a high-ranking official. Thus, the real and the fantastic in Gogol’s story “The Nose” are intertwined in the most unimaginable way.
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Characteristics of the main character The main character of the work is a desperate careerist, ready to do anything for a promotion. He managed to receive the rank of collegiate assessor without an exam, thanks to his service in the Caucasus. Kovalev’s cherished goal is to marry profitably and become a high-ranking official. In the meantime, in order to give himself more weight and significance, he everywhere calls himself not a collegiate assessor, but a major, knowing about the superiority of military ranks over civilian ones. “He could forgive everything that was said about himself, but he did not forgive in any way if it related to rank or title,” the author writes about his hero
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N.V. Gogol’s wonderful story “The Nose” consists of three parts and tells about the amazing events that happened to the collegiate assessor Kovalev... Contents On the twenty-fifth of March, the St. Petersburg barber Ivan Yakovlevich discovers his nose in freshly baked bread. Ivan Yakovlevich is surprised to learn that the nose belongs to one of his clients, the collegiate assessor Kovalev. The barber tries to get rid of the nose: he throws it away, but they constantly point out to him that he dropped something. With great difficulty, Ivan Yakovlevich manages to throw his nose off the bridge into the Neva.
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It seems that it was not without reason that Gogol made St. Petersburg the setting for the story “The Nose.” In his opinion, only here could the indicated events “happen”; only in St. Petersburg they do not see the man himself behind his rank. Gogol brought the situation to the point of absurdity - the nose turned out to be a fifth-class official, and those around him, despite the obviousness of his “inhuman” nature, behave with him as with a normal person, in accordance with his status. (Kovalev and Nos)
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Meanwhile, the collegiate assessor wakes up and can’t find his nose. He is shocked. Covering his face with a handkerchief, Kovalev goes out into the street. He is very upset by what happened, since now he will not be able to appear in society, and besides, he has many acquaintances of ladies, some of whom he would not mind pursuing. Suddenly he meets his own nose, dressed in a uniform and trousers, the nose gets into the carriage. Kovalev hurries to follow his nose and ends up in the cathedral. (The nose comes out of the carriage)
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The nose behaves as befits a “significant person” with the rank of state councilor: he makes visits, prays in the Kazan Cathedral “with an expression of the greatest piety,” visits the department, and plans to leave for Riga using someone else’s passport. Nobody cares where he came from. Everyone sees him not only as a person, but also as an important official. It is interesting that Kovalev himself, despite his efforts to expose him, approaches him with fear in the Kazan Cathedral and generally treats him as a person.
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The grotesque in the story also lies in surprise and, one might say, absurdity. From the very first line of the work we see a clear indication of the date: “March 25th” - this does not immediately imply any fantasy. And then there’s the missing nose. There was some kind of sharp deformation of everyday life, bringing it to complete unreality. The absurdity lies in the equally dramatic change in the size of the nose. If on the first pages he is discovered by the barber Ivan Yakovlevich in a pie (that is, he has a size quite corresponding to a human nose), then at the moment when Major Kovalev first sees him, the nose is dressed in a uniform, suede trousers, a hat and even has a himself a sword - which means he is the height of an ordinary man. (Missing nose)
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The last appearance of the nose in the story - and it is small again. The quarterly brings it wrapped in a piece of paper. It didn’t matter to Gogol why the nose suddenly grew to human size, and it didn’t matter why it shrank again. The central point of the story is precisely the period when the nose was perceived as a normal person
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The plot of the story is conventional, the idea itself is absurd, but this is precisely what Gogol’s grotesque consists of and, despite this, is quite realistic. Chernyshevsky said that true realism is possible only by depicting life in the “forms of life itself.”
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Gogol unusually expanded the boundaries of convention and showed that this convention remarkably serves the knowledge of life. If in this absurd society everything is determined by rank, then why can’t this fantastically absurd organization of life be reproduced in a fantastic plot? Gogol shows that it is not only possible, but also quite advisable. And thus the forms of art ultimately reflect the forms of life.
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Hints from a brilliant author In Gogol's story there are many satirical subtleties, transparent hints at the realities of his contemporary time. For example, in the first half of the 19th century, glasses were considered an anomaly, giving the appearance of an officer or official some inferiority. In order to wear this accessory, special permission was required. If the heroes of the work strictly followed the instructions and corresponded to the form, then the Nose in the Uniform acquired for them the importance of a significant person. But as soon as the police chief “logged out” of the system, broke the strictness of his uniform and put on glasses, he immediately noticed that in front of him was just a nose - a part of the body, useless without its owner. This is how the real and the fantastic intertwine in Gogol’s story “The Nose”. No wonder the author’s contemporaries were engrossed in this extraordinary work.
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Literary excursion The barber, who found his nose in baked bread, lives on Voznesensky Prospect, and gets rid of it on St. Isaac's Bridge. Major Kovalev's apartment is located on Sadovaya Street. The conversation between the major and the nose takes place in the Kazan Cathedral. A flower waterfall of ladies pours down the sidewalk of Nevsky from the Policeman to the Anichkin Bridge. Dancing chairs danced on Konyushennaya Street. According to Kovalev, it is on the Voskresensky Bridge that traders sell peeled oranges. Students of the Surgical Academy ran to the Tauride Garden to look at the nose. The major buys his medal ribbon at Gostiny Dvor. The “twin nose” of the St. Petersburg version is located on Andreevsky Spusk in Kyiv. The literary lantern “Nose” is installed on the street. Gogol in Brest.
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Kovalev’s nose was installed in 1995 on the facade of house No. 11 on Voznesensky Prospekt, St. Petersburg)
The described incident, according to the narrator, happened in St. Petersburg on March 25th. The barber Ivan Yakovlevich, biting off fresh bread in the morning baked by his wife Praskovya Osipovna, finds his nose in it. Puzzled by this impossible incident, having recognized the nose of the collegiate assessor Kovalev, he searches in vain for a way to get rid of his find. Finally, he throws him off the St. Isaac's Bridge and, against all expectations, is detained by a quarterly guard with large sideburns. The collegiate assessor Kovalev (who preferred to be called a major), waking up that same morning with the intention of examining the pimple that had popped up on his nose earlier, did not even discover the nose itself. Major Kovalev, who needs a decent appearance, because the purpose of his visit to the capital is to find a place in some prominent department and, possibly, to get married (on occasion of which he knows ladies in many houses: Chekhtyreva, state councilor, Pelageya Grigorievna Podtochina, headquarters officer), - goes to the chief police chief, but on the way he meets his own nose (clad, however, in a gold-embroidered uniform and a hat with a plume, revealing him to be a state councilor). Nose gets into the carriage and goes to the Kazan Cathedral, where he prays with an air of greatest piety.
Major Kovalev, timid at first and then directly calling his nose by its proper name, does not succeed in his intentions and, distracted by a lady in a hat as light as a cake, loses his unyielding interlocutor. Not finding the Chief of Police at home, Kovalev goes on a newspaper expedition, wanting to advertise the loss, but the gray-haired official refuses him (“The newspaper may lose its reputation”) and, full of compassion, offers to sniff tobacco, which completely upsets Major Kovalev. He goes to a private bailiff, but finds him in the mood to sleep after lunch and listens to irritated remarks about “all sorts of majors” who hang around God knows where, and about the fact that a decent person’s nose won’t be torn off. Arriving home, the saddened Kovalev ponders the reasons for the strange disappearance and decides that the culprit is the staff officer Podtochina, whose daughter he was in no hurry to marry, and she, probably out of revenge, hired some witches. The sudden appearance of a police official, who brought his nose wrapped in paper and announced that he had been intercepted on the way to Riga with a false passport, plunges Kovalev into joyful unconsciousness.
However, his joy is premature: his nose does not stick to its original place. The summoned doctor does not undertake to put his nose on it, assuring that it will be even worse, and encourages Kovalev to place his nose in a jar of alcohol and sell it for decent money. Unhappy Kovalev writes to headquarters officer Podtochina, reproaching, threatening and demanding that the nose be immediately returned to its place. The headquarters officer's answer exposes her complete innocence, for it reveals a degree of misunderstanding that cannot be imagined on purpose.
Meanwhile, rumors spread throughout the capital and acquire many details: they say that at exactly three o’clock the nose of the collegiate assessor Kovalev is walking along Nevsky, then that he is in Juncker’s store, then in the Tauride Garden; Many people flock to all these places, and enterprising speculators build benches for ease of observation. One way or another, on April 7th the nose was back in its place. The barber Ivan Yakovlevich appears to the happy Kovalev and shaves him with the greatest care and embarrassment. One day, Major Kovalev manages to go everywhere: to the confectionery shop, to the department where he was looking for a position, and to his friend, also a collegiate assessor or major, and on the way he meets the staff officer Podtochina and her daughter, in a conversation with whom he thoroughly sniffs tobacco.
The description of his happy mood is interrupted by the sudden recognition of the writer that there is a lot of implausibility in this story and what is especially surprising is that there are authors who take similar plots. After some reflection, the writer nevertheless states that such incidents are rare, but still happen.
This interesting adventure took place on March 25 in the city of St. Petersburg. As before, Praskovya Osipovna, the barber’s wife, had already managed to bake a loaf of soft bread for breakfast. When her husband Ivan Yakovlevich takes a bite, he sees his nose in the bread. A little embarrassed, he finds that according to signs this is the nose of his collegiate assessor.
Thinking about where to put this nose, he tries to throw it from the bridge, but is detained by the neighborhood guard. Kovalev, waking up in the morning, wants to look at his nose because of a pimple that has popped up on it, but with horror he notices in the mirror that there is no nose. The work of the collegiate assessor Kovalev obliges him to always be of decent appearance, especially since the purpose of his visit to the capital is to find a place in the department or on the occasion of his marriage.
Among his acquaintances are ladies, civilian adviser Chekhtyreva and staff officer Podtochina. Going to the Chief of Police, on the way he meets his nose, dressed in a uniform and a hat. Nose, getting into the carriage, leaves for the Kazan Cathedral to pray. Major Kovalev, timid, calls the nose by the owner's name, but when he sees a lady in a hat, he loses sight of his interlocutor.
The Chief of Police was not at home, so he went on a newspaper expedition to advertise the loss. The gray-haired official, after listening to his detailed speech, refuses him and, with complete compassion, offers him a sniff of tobacco. Major Kovalev, completely upset, goes to a private bailiff, where he, having listened to Major Kovalev’s irritated remark, tries to explain that decent people do not go to unnecessary places and do not have their noses torn off.
Already at home, he reflects on the reason for the missing nose and blames the headquarters officer Podtochina, whose daughter he did not want to marry. A police official appears at the house with a nose wrapped in paper, announcing that he was discovered and taken on the way to Riga with a false passport. Kovalev began to put his nose back in its original place, but nothing worked out for him. The doctor convinced Kovalev to place his nose in a jar of alcohol and sell it for good money. The tortured Kovalev writes to headquarters officer Podtochina asking her to return her nose to its place.
Various rumors with details spread throughout the capital. At exactly three o'clock, Kovalev's nose seemed to be walking along Nevsky, then he was in the store, then in the Tauride Garden. Maybe it was so, but on April 7th the nose was in its place. The barber Ivan Yakovlevich shaves the happy Kovalev carefully and in embarrassment. All at once, in one day, Major Kovalev manages to go everywhere: to the confectionery shop, to the department, and to his friend, meeting headquarters officer Podtochina and her daughter on the way and talking with them. Having already calmed down, he sniffs tobacco.
N.V. Gogol’s wonderful story “The Nose” consists of three parts and tells about the amazing events that happened to the collegiate assessor Kovalev.
... On the twenty-fifth of March, St. Petersburg barber Ivan Yakovlevich discovers his nose in freshly baked bread. Ivan Yakovlevich is surprised to learn that the nose belongs to one of his clients, the collegiate assessor Kovalev. The barber tries to get rid of the nose: he throws it away, but they constantly point out to him that he dropped something. With great difficulty, Ivan Yakovlevich manages to throw his nose off the bridge into the Neva. Meanwhile, the collegiate assessor wakes up and can’t find his nose. He is shocked. Covering his face with a handkerchief, Kovalev goes out into the street. He is very upset by what happened, since now he will not be able to appear in society, and besides, he has many acquaintances of ladies, some of whom he would not mind pursuing. Suddenly he meets his own nose, dressed in a uniform and trousers, the nose gets into the carriage. Kovalev hurries to follow his nose and ends up in the cathedral. The nose prays earnestly. Kovalev approaches him, explains the current situation, asks that the nose “return to its rightful place.” However, the nose pretends that it does not understand Kovalev.
Kovalev goes to the chief of police, but he is not at home. Kovalev comes to the newspaper advertisement department, hoping to advertise about his missing nose. But he is refused because the ad is too unusual and could harm the newspaper's reputation. Upset, Kovalev returns home. He thinks about who could play such a cruel joke on him. He suspects the staff officer Podtochina, a lady he knows, who wants to marry him to her daughter. It is possible that, with the help of some witchcraft, Podtochina made sure that Kovalev was left without a nose. And this is because he did not want to marry Podtochina’s daughter! An angry Kovalev sends Podtochina a letter in which he accuses her of missing her nose. In his response letter, Podtochina is sincerely surprised by the assessor’s strange conclusions.
Rumors are spreading around St. Petersburg about Kovalev's nose walking through the streets. In the evening of the same day, the police supervisor brings Kovalev his nose, adding that he managed to catch it with difficulty, since the nose was already boarding a stagecoach and was about to go to Riga. Kovalev thanks the warden, gives him a banknote, and when he leaves, he tries to put his nose back in place. To Kovalev's horror, the nose does not hold up and falls onto the table. Kovalev sends for the doctor, but he doesn’t know how to help Kovalev. Kovalev thinks that his life is now meaningless: without his nose he is nothing.
... On the morning of April 7, Kovalev wakes up and is surprised to find that his nose is where it should be, between his cheeks. After some time, the barber Ivan Yakovlevich comes to shave Kovalev. But now, when shaving Kovalev, he does not hold him by the “smelling part of the body.” Although it is difficult, from that day on the barber, performing his usual work, rests his hand on Kovalev’s cheek and lower gum.
This is how N.V. Gogol’s story “The Nose” ends.
Gogol’s story “The Nose” caused a lot of discussion and angry criticism towards the author. The summary tells of a fantastic story that under no circumstances could have happened for real. Due to the unrealistic nature of the plot, not all magazines agreed to publish this work; the writer even had to make changes to his story several times. Few of Gogol’s contemporaries understood that “The Nose” has a double meaning. Describing the absurd situation, Nikolai Vasilyevich wanted to show the flaws in the society of his time.
Missing nose
An amazing incident occurred on March 25, it was then in the morning that the barber Ivan Yakovlevich found the nose of his client, the collegiate assessor Kovalev, in the bread baked by his wife. The man decides to get rid of such a find, but constantly drops it, as others point out to him. In the end, the barber throws his nose into the Neva. Meanwhile, Kovalev wakes up and goes to the mirror to look at the one who has jumped up, but does not even find his nose.
The fact that the collegiate assessor is in dire need of decent appearance is told (this is, in fact, stated in the work itself) in a brief summary. The nose destroys all his hopes, because Kovalev came to the capital with the goal of finding a good job and getting married. The loss of such a significant part of the body makes the assessor powerless and useless to anyone.
Meeting with the nose
The summary of the story “The Nose” by Gogol tells that, somehow covering his face, Kovalev goes to the chief of police, but on the way he meets his lost part of the body. Nose, dressed in a hat with a plume, a uniform embroidered with gold, with the rank of state councilor, gets into a carriage and goes to the Kazan Cathedral to pray. The major goes after him, at first Kovalev even becomes shy at the sight of such a noble official. When asked to go back, the nose pretends that it does not understand what it is about and the collegiate assessor does not succeed in his intentions.
Chief Police Chief Kovalev is not at home, so he goes to advertise in the newspaper about the missing part of the body, but even there he fails - this is what the summary of the work tells about. A decent person’s nose cannot just disappear, so the private bailiff only listens to the major’s complaint with irritation and does nothing to help.
Upset, Kovalev comes home and begins to think about the reason for his misfortune. And then it occurs to him that perhaps staff officer Podtochina is to blame for everything, having hired some witches, because the collegiate assessor was in no hurry to marry her daughter. When the policeman brings a nose wrapped in paper, Kovalev is overcome with joy - this is what the summary conveys to us. The nose, meanwhile, doesn’t even think about sticking to its place.
A happy ending
Rumors spread throughout the capital that the nose of the collegiate assessor was strolling along Nevsky Prospekt, walking in Junker's store. But on April 7, everything fell into place - Kovalev woke up and discovered the loss in its rightful place.
The summary of “The Nose,” although brief, still contains the story that in just one day the major managed to visit many places: a pastry shop, a department, and was even lucky enough to meet Podtochina and his daughter. And the author interrupts the description of the happy Kovalev in the story with the admission that this story is made up. Gogol is even surprised that some writers take such stories as the basis for their works.
Written in the same year as “The Inspector General,” Gogol’s “joke,” which is exactly what A. S. Pushkin called the story “The Nose” when publishing it in Sovremennik, turned out to be a real mystery for researchers. And no matter how one of the most famous critics of the 19th century, Apollo Grigoriev, urged to abandon its interpretation, the researchers were unable to ignore this “temptation”.
Everything in the story requires interpretation, and above all, the plot, which is very simple and fantastic at the same time. The main character of the story, Major Kovalev, woke up one morning, did not find his nose and, in a wild panic, rushed to look for it. As events unfolded, a lot of unpleasant and even “undignified” things happened to the hero, but after 2 weeks his nose, as if nothing had happened, again found itself “between Major Kovalev’s two cheeks.” An absolutely incredible event, as incredible as the fact that the nose turned out to have a higher rank than the hero himself. In general, in the story the author piles up absurdity after absurdity, but at the same time he himself constantly insists that this is “an unusually strange incident,” “complete nonsense,” “there is no credibility at all.” Gogol seems to insist: in St. Petersburg, where the events are unfolding, everything is implausible! And the fantasy technique that the writer resorts to in this story is designed to help the reader penetrate into the essence of the most ordinary things.
Why are events developing in such a strange way? Here Major Kovalev, following his own nose and trying to return it to its place, suddenly reveals his powerlessness, and all because the nose “was in a uniform embroidered with gold... was considered to be in the rank of state councilor.” It turns out that the nose is three (!) ranks older than Major Kovalev, so his owner can’t do anything with him. In a city where the uniform and rank have replaced the person, this is completely normal and natural. If the residents of St. Petersburg have no faces (remember the “Overcoat”), but only ranks and uniforms, then why shouldn’t the nose really make visits, serve in the academic department, and pray in the Kazan Cathedral. And the absurdity, the absurdity of the current situation - the writer emphasizes this - is not that the nose wears a uniform or rides in a carriage, and not even that it has become invulnerable to the owner, but that the rank has become more important than the person. There is no man in this world at all, he has disappeared, disappeared into the hierarchy of ranks.
It is interesting that the heroes are not at all surprised by the current situation; they are accustomed to measuring everything by the framework of rank and do not react to anything other than rank. In a world where rank rules the roost, anything can happen. You can publish advertisements for the sale of a stroller and the sale of a coachman, a nineteen-year-old girl and a durable droshky without one spring. You can live in a city where sideburns and mustaches are common (Gogol depicts them in the story “Nevsky Prospekt”). And the author, whipping up such absurdities, trying to present the story as “really true,” seems to be trying to prove: in this world, the disappearance of a nose from the face of its owner is no more fantastic than, for example, an announcement about a black-haired poodle who turned out to be the treasurer of some establishment . Thus, in “The Nose” what was in life itself, what was its essence, was brought to the point of absurdity.
