How to find tangent of 45 degrees.
Tables of values of sines (sin), cosines (cos), tangents (tg), cotangents (ctg) are a powerful and useful tool that helps solve many problems, both theoretical and applied. In this article we will provide a table of basic trigonometric functions (sines, cosines, tangents and cotangents) for angles of 0, 30, 45, 60, 90, ..., 360 degrees (0, π 6, π 3, π 2,... . , 2 π radians). Separate Bradis tables for sines and cosines, tangents, and cotangents will also be shown, with an explanation of how to use them to find the values of basic trigonometric functions.
Table of basic trigonometric functions for angles 0, 30, 45, 60, 90, ..., 360 degrees
Based on the definitions of sine, cosine, tangent and cotangent, you can find the values of these functions for angles of 0 and 90 degrees
sin 0 = 0, cos 0 = 1, t g 0 = 0, zero cotangent is not defined,
sin 90° = 1, cos 90° = 0, c t g 90° = 0, tangent of ninety degrees is not defined.
The values of sines, cosines, tangents and cotangents in the geometry course are defined as the ratio of the sides of a right triangle, the angles of which are 30, 60 and 90 degrees, and also 45, 45 and 90 degrees.
Defining trigonometric functions for an acute angle in a right triangle
Sinus- the ratio of the opposite side to the hypotenuse.
Cosine- the ratio of the adjacent leg to the hypotenuse.
Tangent- the ratio of the opposite side to the adjacent side.
Cotangent- the ratio of the adjacent side to the opposite side.
In accordance with the definitions, the values of the functions are found:
sin 30 ° = 1 2 , cos 30 ° = 3 2 , t g 30 ° = 3 3 , c t g 30 ° = 3 , sin 45 ° = 2 2 , cos 45 ° = 2 2 , t g 45 ° = 1 , c t g 45 ° = 1, sin 60° = 3 2, cos 45° = 1 2, tg 45° = 3, c tg 45° = 3 3.
Let's put these values in a table and call it a table of the basic values of sine, cosine, tangent and cotangent.
α ° | 0 | 30 | 45 | 60 | 90 |
sin α | 0 | 1 2 | 2 2 | 3 2 | 1 |
cos α | 1 | 3 2 | 2 2 | 1 2 | 0 |
t g α | 0 | 3 3 | 1 | 3 | indefined |
c t g α | indefined | 3 | 1 | 3 3 | 0 |
α, r a d i a n | 0 | π 6 | π 4 | π 3 | π 2 |
One of the important properties of trigonometric functions is periodicity. Based on this property, this table can be expanded using reduction formulas. Below we present an extended table of the values of the main trigonometric functions for angles 0, 30, 60, ... , 120, 135, 150, 180, ... , 360 degrees (0, π 6, π 3, π 2, ... , 2 π radians).
α ° | 0 | 30 | 45 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 135 | 150 | 180 | 210 | 225 | 240 | 270 | 300 | 315 | 330 | 360 |
sin α | 0 | 1 2 | 2 2 | 3 2 | 1 | 3 2 | 2 2 | 1 2 | 0 | - 1 2 | - 2 2 | - 3 2 | - 1 | - 3 2 | - 2 2 | - 1 2 | 0 |
cos α | 1 | 3 2 | 2 2 | 1 2 | 0 | - 1 2 | - 2 2 | - 3 2 | - 1 | - 3 2 | - 2 2 | - 1 2 | 0 | 1 2 | 2 2 | 3 2 | 1 |
t g α | 0 | 3 3 | 1 | 3 | - | - 1 | - 3 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 3 | 1 | 3 | - | - 3 | - 1 | 0 | |
c t g α | - | 3 | 1 | 3 3 | 0 | - 3 3 | - 1 | - 3 | - | 3 | 1 | 3 3 | 0 | - 3 3 | - 1 | - 3 | - |
α, r a d i a n | 0 | π 6 | π 4 | π 3 | π 2 | 2 π 3 | 3 π 4 | 5 π 6 | π | 7 π 6 | 5 π 4 | 4 π 3 | 3 π 2 | 5 π 3 | 7 π 4 | 11 π 6 | 2π |
The periodicity of sine, cosine, tangent and cotangent allows you to expand this table to arbitrarily large angle values. The values collected in the table are used most often when solving problems, so it is recommended to memorize them.
How to use the table of basic values of trigonometric functions
The principle of using a table of values of sines, cosines, tangents and cotangents is clear on an intuitive level. The intersection of a row and a column gives the value of the function for a particular angle.
Example. How to use the table of sines, cosines, tangents and cotangents
We need to find out what sin 7 π 6 is equal to
We find a column in the table whose last cell value is 7 π 6 radians - the same as 210 degrees. Then we select the term of the table in which the values of sines are presented. At the intersection of the row and column we find the desired value:
sin 7 π 6 = - 1 2
Bradis tables
The Bradis table allows you to calculate the value of sine, cosine, tangent or cotangent with an accuracy of 4 decimal places without the use of computer technology. This is a kind of replacement for an engineering calculator.
Reference
Vladimir Modestovich Bradis (1890 - 1975) - Soviet mathematician-teacher, since 1954 corresponding member of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR. Tables of four-digit logarithms and natural trigonometric quantities developed by Bradis were first published in 1921.
First, we present the Bradis table for sines and cosines. It allows you to quite accurately calculate the approximate values of these functions for angles containing an integer number of degrees and minutes. The leftmost column of the table represents degrees, and the top row represents minutes. Note that all angle values of the Bradis table are multiples of six minutes.
Bradis table for sines and cosines
sin | 0" | 6" | 12" | 18" | 24" | 30" | 36" | 42" | 48" | 54" | 60" | cos | 1" | 2" | 3" |
0.0000 | 90° | ||||||||||||||
0° | 0.0000 | 0017 | 0035 | 0052 | 0070 | 0087 | 0105 | 0122 | 0140 | 0157 | 0175 | 89° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
1° | 0175 | 0192 | 0209 | 0227 | 0244 | 0262 | 0279 | 0297 | 0314 | 0332 | 0349 | 88° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
2° | 0349 | 0366 | 0384 | 0401 | 0419 | 0436 | 0454 | 0471 | 0488 | 0506 | 0523 | 87° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
3° | 0523 | 0541 | 0558 | 0576 | 0593 | 0610 | 0628 | 0645 | 0663 | 0680 | 0698 | 86° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
4° | 0698 | 0715 | 0732 | 0750 | 0767 | 0785 | 0802 | 0819 | 0837 | 0854 | 0.0872 | 85° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
5° | 0.0872 | 0889 | 0906 | 0924 | 0941 | 0958 | 0976 | 0993 | 1011 | 1028 | 1045 | 84° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
6° | 1045 | 1063 | 1080 | 1097 | 1115 | 1132 | 1149 | 1167 | 1184 | 1201 | 1219 | 83° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
7° | 1219 | 1236 | 1253 | 1271 | 1288 | 1305 | 1323 | 1340 | 1357 | 1374 | 1392 | 82° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
8° | 1392 | 1409 | 1426 | 1444 | 1461 | 1478 | 1495 | 1513 | 1530 | 1547 | 1564 | 81° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
9° | 1564 | 1582 | 1599 | 1616 | 1633 | 1650 | 1668 | 1685 | 1702 | 1719 | 0.1736 | 80° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
10° | 0.1736 | 1754 | 1771 | 1788 | 1805 | 1822 | 1840 | 1857 | 1874 | 1891 | 1908 | 79° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
11° | 1908 | 1925 | 1942 | 1959 | 1977 | 1994 | 2011 | 2028 | 2045 | 2062 | 2079 | 78° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
12° | 2079 | 2096 | 2113 | 2130 | 2147 | 2164 | 2181 | 2198 | 2215 | 2233 | 2250 | 77° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
13° | 2250 | 2267 | 2284 | 2300 | 2317 | 2334 | 2351 | 2368 | 2385 | 2402 | 2419 | 76° | 3 | 6 | 8 |
14° | 2419 | 2436 | 2453 | 2470 | 2487 | 2504 | 2521 | 2538 | 2554 | 2571 | 0.2588 | 75° | 3 | 6 | 8 |
15° | 0.2588 | 2605 | 2622 | 2639 | 2656 | 2672 | 2689 | 2706 | 2723 | 2740 | 2756 | 74° | 3 | 6 | 8 |
16° | 2756 | 2773 | 2790 | 2807 | 2823 | 2840 | 2857 | 2874 | 2890 | 2907 | 2924 | 73° | 3 | 6 | 8 |
17° | 2924 | 2940 | 2957 | 2974 | 2990 | 3007 | 3024 | 3040 | 3057 | 3074 | 3090 | 72° | 3 | 6 | 8 |
18° | 3090 | 3107 | 3123 | 3140 | 3156 | 3173 | 3190 | 3206 | 3223 | 3239 | 3256 | 71° | 3 | 6 | 8 |
19° | 3256 | 3272 | 3289 | 3305 | 3322 | 3338 | 3355 | 3371 | 3387 | 3404 | 0.3420 | 70° | 3 | 5 | 8 |
20° | 0.3420 | 3437 | 3453 | 3469 | 3486 | 3502 | 3518 | 3535 | 3551 | 3567 | 3584 | 69° | 3 | 5 | 8 |
21° | 3584 | 3600 | 3616 | 3633 | 3649 | 3665 | 3681 | 3697 | 3714 | 3730 | 3746 | 68° | 3 | 5 | 8 |
22° | 3746 | 3762 | 3778 | 3795 | 3811 | 3827 | 3843 | 3859 | 3875 | 3891 | 3907 | 67° | 3 | 5 | 8 |
23° | 3907 | 3923 | 3939 | 3955 | 3971 | 3987 | 4003 | 4019 | 4035 | 4051 | 4067 | 66° | 3 | 5 | 8 |
24° | 4067 | 4083 | 4099 | 4115 | 4131 | 4147 | 4163 | 4179 | 4195 | 4210 | 0.4226 | 65° | 3 | 5 | 8 |
25° | 0.4226 | 4242 | 4258 | 4274 | 4289 | 4305 | 4321 | 4337 | 4352 | 4368 | 4384 | 64° | 3 | 5 | 8 |
26° | 4384 | 4399 | 4415 | 4431 | 4446 | 4462 | 4478 | 4493 | 4509 | 4524 | 4540 | 63° | 3 | 5 | 8 |
27° | 4540 | 4555 | 4571 | 4586 | 4602 | 4617 | 4633 | 4648 | 4664 | 4679 | 4695 | 62° | 3 | 5 | 8 |
28° | 4695 | 4710 | 4726 | 4741 | 4756 | 4772 | 4787 | 4802 | 4818 | 4833 | 4848 | 61° | 3 | 5 | 8 |
29° | 4848 | 4863 | 4879 | 4894 | 4909 | 4924 | 4939 | 4955 | 4970 | 4985 | 0.5000 | 60° | 3 | 5 | 8 |
30° | 0.5000 | 5015 | 5030 | 5045 | 5060 | 5075 | 5090 | 5105 | 5120 | 5135 | 5150 | 59° | 3 | 5 | 8 |
31° | 5150 | 5165 | 5180 | 5195 | 5210 | 5225 | 5240 | 5255 | 5270 | 5284 | 5299 | 58° | 2 | 5 | 7 |
32° | 5299 | 5314 | 5329 | 5344 | 5358 | 5373 | 5388 | 5402 | 5417 | 5432 | 5446 | 57° | 2 | 5 | 7 |
33° | 5446 | 5461 | 5476 | 5490 | 5505 | 5519 | 5534 | 5548 | 5563 | 5577 | 5592 | 56° | 2 | 5 | 7 |
34° | 5592 | 5606 | 5621 | 5635 | 5650 | 5664 | 5678 | 5693 | 5707 | 5721 | 0.5736 | 55° | 2 | 5 | 7 |
35° | 0.5736 | 5750 | 5764 | 5779 | 5793 | 5807 | 5821 | 5835 | 5850 | 5864 | 0.5878 | 54° | 2 | 5 | 7 |
36° | 5878 | 5892 | 5906 | 5920 | 5934 | 5948 | 5962 | 5976 | 5990 | 6004 | 6018 | 53° | 2 | 5 | 7 |
37° | 6018 | 6032 | 6046 | 6060 | 6074 | 6088 | 6101 | 6115 | 6129 | 6143 | 6157 | 52° | 2 | 5 | 7 |
38° | 6157 | 6170 | 6184 | 6198 | 6211 | 6225 | 6239 | 6252 | 6266 | 6280 | 6293 | 51° | 2 | 5 | 7 |
39° | 6293 | 6307 | 6320 | 6334 | 6347 | 6361 | 6374 | 6388 | 6401 | 6414 | 0.6428 | 50° | 2 | 4 | 7 |
40° | 0.6428 | 6441 | 6455 | 6468 | 6481 | 6494 | 6508 | 6521 | 6534 | 6547 | 6561 | 49° | 2 | 4 | 7 |
41° | 6561 | 6574 | 6587 | 6600 | 6613 | 6626 | 6639 | 6652 | 6665 | 6678 | 6691 | 48° | 2 | 4 | 7 |
42° | 6691 | 6704 | 6717 | 6730 | 6743 | 6756 | 6769 | 6782 | 6794 | 6807 | 6820 | 47° | 2 | 4 | 6 |
43° | 6820 | 6833 | 6845 | 6858 | 6871 | 6884 | 6896 | 8909 | 6921 | 6934 | 6947 | 46° | 2 | 4 | 6 |
44° | 6947 | 6959 | 6972 | 6984 | 6997 | 7009 | 7022 | 7034 | 7046 | 7059 | 0.7071 | 45° | 2 | 4 | 6 |
45° | 0.7071 | 7083 | 7096 | 7108 | 7120 | 7133 | 7145 | 7157 | 7169 | 7181 | 7193 | 44° | 2 | 4 | 6 |
46° | 7193 | 7206 | 7218 | 7230 | 7242 | 7254 | 7266 | 7278 | 7290 | 7302 | 7314 | 43° | 2 | 4 | 6 |
47° | 7314 | 7325 | 7337 | 7349 | 7361 | 7373 | 7385 | 7396 | 7408 | 7420 | 7431 | 42° | 2 | 4 | 6 |
48° | 7431 | 7443 | 7455 | 7466 | 7478 | 7490 | 7501 | 7513 | 7524 | 7536 | 7547 | 41° | 2 | 4 | 6 |
49° | 7547 | 7559 | 7570 | 7581 | 7593 | 7604 | 7615 | 7627 | 7638 | 7649 | 0.7660 | 40° | 2 | 4 | 6 |
50° | 0.7660 | 7672 | 7683 | 7694 | 7705 | 7716 | 7727 | 7738 | 7749 | 7760 | 7771 | 39° | 2 | 4 | 6 |
51° | 7771 | 7782 | 7793 | 7804 | 7815 | 7826 | 7837 | 7848 | 7859 | 7869 | 7880 | 38° | 2 | 4 | 5 |
52° | 7880 | 7891 | 7902 | 7912 | 7923 | 7934 | 7944 | 7955 | 7965 | 7976 | 7986 | 37° | 2 | 4 | 5 |
53° | 7986 | 7997 | 8007 | 8018 | 8028 | 8039 | 8049 | 8059 | 8070 | 8080 | 8090 | 36° | 2 | 3 | 5 |
54° | 8090 | 8100 | 8111 | 8121 | 8131 | 8141 | 8151 | 8161 | 8171 | 8181 | 0.8192 | 35° | 2 | 3 | 5 |
55° | 0.8192 | 8202 | 8211 | 8221 | 8231 | 8241 | 8251 | 8261 | 8271 | 8281 | 8290 | 34° | 2 | 3 | 5 |
56° | 8290 | 8300 | 8310 | 8320 | 8329 | 8339 | 8348 | 8358 | 8368 | 8377 | 8387 | 33° | 2 | 3 | 5 |
57° | 8387 | 8396 | 8406 | 8415 | 8425 | 8434 | 8443 | 8453 | 8462 | 8471 | 8480 | 32° | 2 | 3 | 5 |
58° | 8480 | 8490 | 8499 | 8508 | 8517 | 8526 | 8536 | 8545 | 8554 | 8563 | 8572 | 31° | 2 | 3 | 5 |
59° | 8572 | 8581 | 8590 | 8599 | 8607 | 8616 | 8625 | 8634 | 8643 | 8652 | 0.8660 | 30° | 1 | 3 | 4 |
60° | 0.8660 | 8669 | 8678 | 8686 | 8695 | 8704 | 8712 | 8721 | 8729 | 8738 | 8746 | 29° | 1 | 3 | 4 |
61° | 8746 | 8755 | 8763 | 8771 | 8780 | 8788 | 8796 | 8805 | 8813 | 8821 | 8829 | 28° | 1 | 3 | 4 |
62° | 8829 | 8838 | 8846 | 8854 | 8862 | 8870 | 8878 | 8886 | 8894 | 8902 | 8910 | 27° | 1 | 3 | 4 |
63° | 8910 | 8918 | 8926 | 8934 | 8942 | 8949 | 8957 | 8965 | 8973 | 8980 | 8988 | 26° | 1 | 3 | 4 |
64° | 8988 | 8996 | 9003 | 9011 | 9018 | 9026 | 9033 | 9041 | 9048 | 9056 | 0.9063 | 25° | 1 | 3 | 4 |
65° | 0.9063 | 9070 | 9078 | 9085 | 9092 | 9100 | 9107 | 9114 | 9121 | 9128 | 9135 | 24° | 1 | 2 | 4 |
66° | 9135 | 9143 | 9150 | 9157 | 9164 | 9171 | 9178 | 9184 | 9191 | 9198 | 9205 | 23° | 1 | 2 | 3 |
67° | 9205 | 9212 | 9219 | 9225 | 9232 | 9239 | 9245 | 9252 | 9259 | 9256 | 9272 | 22° | 1 | 2 | 3 |
68° | 9272 | 9278 | 9285 | 9291 | 9298 | 9304 | 9311 | 9317 | 9323 | 9330 | 9336 | 21° | 1 | 2 | 3 |
69° | 9336 | 9342 | 9348 | 9354 | 9361 | 9367 | 9373 | 9379 | 9383 | 9391 | 0.9397 | 20° | 1 | 2 | 3 |
70° | 9397 | 9403 | 9409 | 9415 | 9421 | 9426 | 9432 | 9438 | 9444 | 9449 | 0.9455 | 19° | 1 | 2 | 3 |
71° | 9455 | 9461 | 9466 | 9472 | 9478 | 9483 | 9489 | 9494 | 9500 | 9505 | 9511 | 18° | 1 | 2 | 3 |
72° | 9511 | 9516 | 9521 | 9527 | 9532 | 9537 | 9542 | 9548 | 9553 | 9558 | 9563 | 17° | 1 | 2 | 3 |
73° | 9563 | 9568 | 9573 | 9578 | 9583 | 9588 | 9593 | 9598 | 9603 | 9608 | 9613 | 16° | 1 | 2 | 2 |
74° | 9613 | 9617 | 9622 | 9627 | 9632 | 9636 | 9641 | 9646 | 9650 | 9655 | 0.9659 | 15° | 1 | 2 | 2 |
75° | 9659 | 9664 | 9668 | 9673 | 9677 | 9681 | 9686 | 9690 | 9694 | 9699 | 9703 | 14° | 1 | 1 | 2 |
76° | 9703 | 9707 | 9711 | 9715 | 9720 | 9724 | 9728 | 9732 | 9736 | 9740 | 9744 | 13° | 1 | 1 | 2 |
77° | 9744 | 9748 | 9751 | 9755 | 9759 | 9763 | 9767 | 9770 | 9774 | 9778 | 9781 | 12° | 1 | 1 | 2 |
78° | 9781 | 9785 | 9789 | 9792 | 9796 | 9799 | 9803 | 9806 | 9810 | 9813 | 9816 | 11° | 1 | 1 | 2 |
79° | 9816 | 9820 | 9823 | 9826 | 9829 | 9833 | 9836 | 9839 | 9842 | 9845 | 0.9848 | 10° | 1 | 1 | 2 |
80° | 0.9848 | 9851 | 9854 | 9857 | 9860 | 9863 | 9866 | 9869 | 9871 | 9874 | 9877 | 9° | 0 | 1 | 1 |
81° | 9877 | 9880 | 9882 | 9885 | 9888 | 9890 | 9893 | 9895 | 9898 | 9900 | 9903 | 8° | 0 | 1 | 1 |
82° | 9903 | 9905 | 9907 | 9910 | 9912 | 9914 | 9917 | 9919 | 9921 | 9923 | 9925 | 7° | 0 | 1 | 1 |
83° | 9925 | 9928 | 9930 | 9932 | 9934 | 9936 | 9938 | 9940 | 9942 | 9943 | 9945 | 6° | 0 | 1 | 1 |
84° | 9945 | 9947 | 9949 | 9951 | 9952 | 9954 | 9956 | 9957 | 9959 | 9960 | 9962 | 5° | 0 | 1 | 1 |
85° | 9962 | 9963 | 9965 | 9966 | 9968 | 9969 | 9971 | 9972 | 9973 | 9974 | 9976 | 4° | 0 | 0 | 1 |
86° | 9976 | 9977 | 9978 | 9979 | 9980 | 9981 | 9982 | 9983 | 9984 | 9985 | 9986 | 3° | 0 | 0 | 0 |
87° | 9986 | 9987 | 9988 | 9989 | 9990 | 9990 | 9991 | 9992 | 9993 | 9993 | 9994 | 2° | 0 | 0 | 0 |
88° | 9994 | 9995 | 9995 | 9996 | 9996 | 9997 | 9997 | 9997 | 9998 | 9998 | 0.9998 | 1° | 0 | 0 | 0 |
89° | 9998 | 9999 | 9999 | 9999 | 9999 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0° | 0 | 0 | 0 |
90° | 1.0000 | ||||||||||||||
sin | 60" | 54" | 48" | 42" | 36" | 30" | 24" | 18" | 12" | 6" | 0" | cos | 1" | 2" | 3" |
To find the values of sines and cosines of angles not presented in the table, it is necessary to use corrections.
Now we present the Bradis table for tangents and cotangents. It contains values of tangents of angles from 0 to 76 degrees, and cotangents of angles from 14 to 90 degrees.
Bradis table for tangent and cotangent
tg | 0" | 6" | 12" | 18" | 24" | 30" | 36" | 42" | 48" | 54" | 60" | ctg | 1" | 2" | 3" |
0 | 90° | ||||||||||||||
0° | 0,000 | 0017 | 0035 | 0052 | 0070 | 0087 | 0105 | 0122 | 0140 | 0157 | 0175 | 89° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
1° | 0175 | 0192 | 0209 | 0227 | 0244 | 0262 | 0279 | 0297 | 0314 | 0332 | 0349 | 88° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
2° | 0349 | 0367 | 0384 | 0402 | 0419 | 0437 | 0454 | 0472 | 0489 | 0507 | 0524 | 87° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
3° | 0524 | 0542 | 0559 | 0577 | 0594 | 0612 | 0629 | 0647 | 0664 | 0682 | 0699 | 86° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
4° | 0699 | 0717 | 0734 | 0752 | 0769 | 0787 | 0805 | 0822 | 0840 | 0857 | 0,0875 | 85° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
5° | 0,0875 | 0892 | 0910 | 0928 | 0945 | 0963 | 0981 | 0998 | 1016 | 1033 | 1051 | 84° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
6° | 1051 | 1069 | 1086 | 1104 | 1122 | 1139 | 1157 | 1175 | 1192 | 1210 | 1228 | 83° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
7° | 1228 | 1246 | 1263 | 1281 | 1299 | 1317 | 1334 | 1352 | 1370 | 1388 | 1405 | 82° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
8° | 1405 | 1423 | 1441 | 1459 | 1477 | 1495 | 1512 | 1530 | 1548 | 1566 | 1584 | 81° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
9° | 1584 | 1602 | 1620 | 1638 | 1655 | 1673 | 1691 | 1709 | 1727 | 1745 | 0,1763 | 80° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
10° | 0,1763 | 1781 | 1799 | 1817 | 1835 | 1853 | 1871 | 1890 | 1908 | 1926 | 1944 | 79° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
11° | 1944 | 1962 | 1980 | 1998 | 2016 | 2035 | 2053 | 2071 | 2089 | 2107 | 2126 | 78° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
12° | 2126 | 2144 | 2162 | 2180 | 2199 | 2217 | 2235 | 2254 | 2272 | 2290 | 2309 | 77° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
13° | 2309 | 2327 | 2345 | 2364 | 2382 | 2401 | 2419 | 2438 | 2456 | 2475 | 2493 | 76° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
14° | 2493 | 2512 | 2530 | 2549 | 2568 | 2586 | 2605 | 2623 | 2642 | 2661 | 0,2679 | 75° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
15° | 0,2679 | 2698 | 2717 | 2736 | 2754 | 2773 | 2792 | 2811 | 2830 | 2849 | 2867 | 74° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
16° | 2867 | 2886 | 2905 | 2924 | 2943 | 2962 | 2981 | 3000 | 3019 | 3038 | 3057 | 73° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
17° | 3057 | 3076 | 3096 | 3115 | 3134 | 3153 | 3172 | 3191 | 3211 | 3230 | 3249 | 72° | 3 | 6 | 10 |
18° | 3249 | 3269 | 3288 | 3307 | 3327 | 3346 | 3365 | 3385 | 3404 | 3424 | 3443 | 71° | 3 | 6 | 10 |
19° | 3443 | 3463 | 3482 | 3502 | 3522 | 3541 | 3561 | 3581 | 3600 | 3620 | 0,3640 | 70° | 3 | 7 | 10 |
20° | 0,3640 | 3659 | 3679 | 3699 | 3719 | 3739 | 3759 | 3779 | 3799 | 3819 | 3839 | 69° | 3 | 7 | 10 |
21° | 3839 | 3859 | 3879 | 3899 | 3919 | 3939 | 3959 | 3979 | 4000 | 4020 | 4040 | 68° | 3 | 7 | 10 |
22° | 4040 | 4061 | 4081 | 4101 | 4122 | 4142 | 4163 | 4183 | 4204 | 4224 | 4245 | 67° | 3 | 7 | 10 |
23° | 4245 | 4265 | 4286 | 4307 | 4327 | 4348 | 4369 | 4390 | 4411 | 4431 | 4452 | 66° | 3 | 7 | 10 |
24° | 4452 | 4473 | 4494 | 4515 | 4536 | 4557 | 4578 | 4599 | 4621 | 4642 | 0,4663 | 65° | 4 | 7 | 11 |
25° | 0,4663 | 4684 | 4706 | 4727 | 4748 | 4770 | 4791 | 4813 | 4834 | 4856 | 4877 | 64° | 4 | 7 | 11 |
26° | 4877 | 4899 | 4921 | 4942 | 4964 | 4986 | 5008 | 5029 | 5051 | 5073 | 5095 | 63° | 4 | 7 | 11 |
27° | 5095 | 5117 | 5139 | 5161 | 5184 | 5206 | 5228 | 5250 | 5272 | 5295 | 5317 | 62° | 4 | 7 | 11 |
28° | 5317 | 5340 | 5362 | 5384 | 5407 | 5430 | 5452 | 5475 | 5498 | 5520 | 5543 | 61° | 4 | 8 | 11 |
29° | 5543 | 5566 | 5589 | 5612 | 5635 | 5658 | 5681 | 5704 | 5727 | 5750 | 0,5774 | 60° | 4 | 8 | 12 |
30° | 0,5774 | 5797 | 5820 | 5844 | 5867 | 5890 | 5914 | 5938 | 5961 | 5985 | 6009 | 59° | 4 | 8 | 12 |
31° | 6009 | 6032 | 6056 | 6080 | 6104 | 6128 | 6152 | 6176 | 6200 | 6224 | 6249 | 58° | 4 | 8 | 12 |
32° | 6249 | 6273 | 6297 | 6322 | 6346 | 6371 | 6395 | 6420 | 6445 | 6469 | 6494 | 57° | 4 | 8 | 12 |
33° | 6494 | 6519 | 6544 | 6569 | 6594 | 6619 | 6644 | 6669 | 6694 | 6720 | 6745 | 56° | 4 | 8 | 13 |
34° | 6745 | 6771 | 6796 | 6822 | 6847 | 6873 | 6899 | 6924 | 6950 | 6976 | 0,7002 | 55° | 4 | 9 | 13 |
35° | 0,7002 | 7028 | 7054 | 7080 | 7107 | 7133 | 7159 | 7186 | 7212 | 7239 | 7265 | 54° | 4 | 8 | 13 |
36° | 7265 | 7292 | 7319 | 7346 | 7373 | 7400 | 7427 | 7454 | 7481 | 7508 | 7536 | 53° | 5 | 9 | 14° |
37° | 7536 | 7563 | 7590 | 7618 | 7646 | 7673 | 7701 | 7729 | 7757 | 7785 | 7813 | 52° | 5 | 9 | 14 |
38° | 7813 | 7841 | 7869 | 7898 | 7926 | 7954 | 7983 | 8012 | 8040 | 8069 | 8098 | 51° | 5 | 9 | 14 |
39° | 8098 | 8127 | 8156 | 8185 | 8214 | 8243 | 8273 | 8302 | 8332 | 8361 | 0,8391 | 50° | 5 | 10 | 15 |
40° | 0,8391 | 8421 | 8451 | 8481 | 8511 | 8541 | 8571 | 8601 | 8632 | 8662 | 0,8693 | 49° | 5 | 10 | 15 |
41° | 8693 | 8724 | 8754 | 8785 | 8816 | 8847 | 8878 | 8910 | 8941 | 8972 | 9004 | 48° | 5 | 10 | 16 |
42° | 9004 | 9036 | 9067 | 9099 | 9131 | 9163 | 9195 | 9228 | 9260 | 9293 | 9325 | 47° | 6 | 11 | 16 |
43° | 9325 | 9358 | 9391 | 9424 | 9457 | 9490 | 9523 | 9556 | 9590 | 9623 | 0,9657 | 46° | 6 | 11 | 17 |
44° | 9657 | 9691 | 9725 | 9759 | 9793 | 9827 | 9861 | 9896 | 9930 | 9965 | 1,0000 | 45° | 6 | 11 | 17 |
45° | 1,0000 | 0035 | 0070 | 0105 | 0141 | 0176 | 0212 | 0247 | 0283 | 0319 | 0355 | 44° | 6 | 12 | 18 |
46° | 0355 | 0392 | 0428 | 0464 | 0501 | 0538 | 0575 | 0612 | 0649 | 0686 | 0724 | 43° | 6 | 12 | 18 |
47° | 0724 | 0761 | 0799 | 0837 | 0875 | 0913 | 0951 | 0990 | 1028 | 1067 | 1106 | 42° | 6 | 13 | 19 |
48° | 1106 | 1145 | 1184 | 1224 | 1263 | 1303 | 1343 | 1383 | 1423 | 1463 | 1504 | 41° | 7 | 13 | 20 |
49° | 1504 | 1544 | 1585 | 1626 | 1667 | 1708 | 1750 | 1792 | 1833 | 1875 | 1,1918 | 40° | 7 | 14 | 21 |
50° | 1,1918 | 1960 | 2002 | 2045 | 2088 | 2131 | 2174 | 2218 | 2261 | 2305 | 2349 | 39° | 7 | 14 | 22 |
51° | 2349 | 2393 | 2437 | 2482 | 2527 | 2572 | 2617 | 2662 | 2708 | 2753 | 2799 | 38° | 8 | 15 | 23 |
52° | 2799 | 2846 | 2892 | 2938 | 2985 | 3032 | 3079 | 3127 | 3175 | 3222 | 3270 | 37° | 8 | 16 | 24 |
53° | 3270 | 3319 | 3367 | 3416 | 3465 | 3514 | 3564 | 3613 | 3663 | 3713 | 3764 | 36° | 8 | 16 | 25 |
54° | 3764 | 3814 | 3865 | 3916 | 3968 | 4019 | 4071 | 4124 | 4176 | 4229 | 1,4281 | 35° | 9 | 17 | 26 |
55° | 1,4281 | 4335 | 4388 | 4442 | 4496 | 4550 | 4605 | 4659 | 4715 | 4770 | 4826 | 34° | 9 | 18 | 27 |
56° | 4826 | 4882 | 4938 | 4994 | 5051 | 5108 | 5166 | 5224 | 5282 | 5340 | 5399 | 33° | 10 | 19 | 29 |
57° | 5399 | 5458 | 5517 | 5577 | 5637 | 5697 | 5757 | 5818 | 5880 | 5941 | 6003 | 32° | 10 | 20 | 30 |
58° | 6003 | 6066 | 6128 | 6191 | 6255 | 6319 | 6383 | 6447 | 6512 | 6577 | 6643 | 31° | 11 | 21 | 32 |
59° | 6643 | 6709 | 6775 | 6842 | 6909 | 6977 | 7045 | 7113 | 7182 | 7251 | 1,7321 | 30° | 11 | 23 | 34 |
60° | 1,732 | 1,739 | 1,746 | 1,753 | 1,760 | 1,767 | 1,775 | 1,782 | 1,789 | 1,797 | 1,804 | 29° | 1 | 2 | 4 |
61° | 1,804 | 1,811 | 1,819 | 1,827 | 1,834 | 1,842 | 1,849 | 1,857 | 1,865 | 1,873 | 1,881 | 28° | 1 | 3 | 4 |
62° | 1,881 | 1,889 | 1,897 | 1,905 | 1,913 | 1,921 | 1,929 | 1,937 | 1,946 | 1,954 | 1,963 | 27° | 1 | 3 | 4 |
63° | 1,963 | 1,971 | 1,980 | 1,988 | 1,997 | 2,006 | 2,014 | 2,023 | 2,032 | 2,041 | 2,05 | 26° | 1 | 3 | 4 |
64° | 2,050 | 2,059 | 2,069 | 2,078 | 2,087 | 2,097 | 2,106 | 2,116 | 2,125 | 2,135 | 2,145 | 25° | 2 | 3 | 5 |
65° | 2,145 | 2,154 | 2,164 | 2,174 | 2,184 | 2,194 | 2,204 | 2,215 | 2,225 | 2,236 | 2,246 | 24° | 2 | 3 | 5 |
66° | 2,246 | 2,257 | 2,267 | 2,278 | 2,289 | 2,3 | 2,311 | 2,322 | 2,333 | 2,344 | 2,356 | 23° | 2 | 4 | 5 |
67° | 2,356 | 2,367 | 2,379 | 2,391 | 2,402 | 2,414 | 2,426 | 2,438 | 2,450 | 2,463 | 2,475 | 22° | 2 | 4 | 6 |
68° | 2,475 | 2,488 | 2,5 | 2,513 | 2,526 | 2,539 | 2,552 | 2,565 | 2,578 | 2,592 | 2,605 | 21° | 2 | 4 | 6 |
69° | 2,605 | 2,619 | 2,633 | 2,646 | 2,66 | 2,675 | 2,689 | 2,703 | 2,718 | 2,733 | 2,747 | 20° | 2 | 5 | 7 |
70° | 2,747 | 2,762 | 2,778 | 2,793 | 2,808 | 2,824 | 2,840 | 2,856 | 2,872 | 2,888 | 2,904 | 19° | 3 | 5 | 8 |
71° | 2,904 | 2,921 | 2,937 | 2,954 | 2,971 | 2,989 | 3,006 | 3,024 | 3,042 | 3,06 | 3,078 | 18° | 3 | 6 | 9 |
72° | 3,078 | 3,096 | 3,115 | 3,133 | 3,152 | 3,172 | 3,191 | 3,211 | 3,230 | 3,251 | 3,271 | 17° | 3 | 6 | 10 |
73° | 3,271 | 3,291 | 3,312 | 3,333 | 3,354 | 3,376 | 3 | 7 | 10 | ||||||
3,398 | 3,42 | 3,442 | 3,465 | 3,487 | 16° | 4 | 7 | 11 | |||||||
74° | 3,487 | 3,511 | 3,534 | 3,558 | 3,582 | 3,606 | 4 | 8 | 12 | ||||||
3,630 | 3,655 | 3,681 | 3,706 | 3,732 | 15° | 4 | 8 | 13 | |||||||
75° | 3,732 | 3,758 | 3,785 | 3,812 | 3,839 | 3,867 | 4 | 9 | 13 | ||||||
3,895 | 3,923 | 3,952 | 3,981 | 4,011 | 14° | 5 | 10 | 14 | |||||||
tg | 60" | 54" | 48" | 42" | 36" | 30" | 24" | 18" | 12" | 6" | 0" | ctg | 1" | 2" | 3" |
How to use Bradis tables
Consider the Bradis table for sines and cosines. Everything related to sinuses is at the top and to the left. If we need cosines, look at the right side at the bottom of the table.
To find the values of the sine of an angle, you need to find the intersection of the row containing the required number of degrees in the leftmost cell and the column containing the required number of minutes in the top cell.
If the exact angle value is not in the Bradis table, we resort to corrections. Corrections for one, two and three minutes are given in the rightmost columns of the table. To find the value of the sine of an angle that is not in the table, we find the value closest to it. After this, we add or subtract the correction corresponding to the difference between the angles.
If we are looking for the sine of an angle that is greater than 90 degrees, we first need to use the reduction formulas, and only then the Bradis table.
Example. How to use the Bradis table
Let's say we need to find the sine of the angle 17 ° 44 ". Using the table, we find what the sine of 17 ° 42 " is equal to and add a correction of two minutes to its value:
17°44" - 17°42" = 2" (necessary correction) sin 17°44" = 0. 3040 + 0 . 0006 = 0 . 3046
The principle of working with cosines, tangents and cotangents is similar. However, it is important to remember the sign of the amendments.
Important!
When calculating the values of sines, the correction has a positive sign, and when calculating cosines, the correction must be taken with a negative sign.
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The basic trigonometric functions include: sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant and cosecant. Based on this, the tangent of an angle in trigonometry is defined as a trigonometric function that expresses the ratio of the sine of this angle to the cosine of the same angle. If it is necessary to determine the tangent of an acute angle in a right triangle, then it can be calculated geometrically, since the tangent in this case will be equal to the ratio of the opposite side to the adjacent side of the right triangle. The term “tangent” itself is borrowed from the Latin language; its literal translation means “touching”. Tangent is denoted in Latin letters. The tangent of an angle x will be denoted as “tg x”, although Western mathematicians traditionally denote tangent by an abbreviation of the English word: the tangent of an angle x is denoted there as “tan x”.
What is the tangent of 30 degrees?
Based on the fact that the tangent of an angle is equal to the ratio of the sine of an angle to the cosine of the same angle, the tangent of an angle of 30 degrees can be obtained by dividing the value of the sine of an angle of 30 degrees by the value of the cosine of the same angle. The tangent will be equal to 0.5774.
What is the tangent of 60 degrees?
The tangent of an angle of 60 degrees is calculated in a similar way: dividing the sine of an angle of 60 degrees by the cosine value of the same angle gives the number 1.7321, which is the tangent of 60 degrees.
What is the tangent of 45 degrees?
Since the value of the sine of an angle of 45 degrees is equal to the value of the cosine of the same angle, the value of the tangent of an angle of 45 degrees, obtained by dividing the sine by the cosine, gives one (tangent is equal to 1).
What is the tangent of 90 degrees?
It is impossible to calculate the tangent of an angle of 90 degrees, since the cosine of an angle of 90 degrees is equal to zero, and one of the basic rules of division is the rule that “you cannot divide by zero,” while the tangent in this case must be obtained by dividing the sine by cosine, that is, to zero. The tangent value of 90 degrees is not determined.
What is the tangent of 120 degrees?
Similarly, calculating the tangent of an angle of 120 degrees, you can get the number -1.7321 (negative), which will be the tangent of an angle of 120 degrees.
What is tangent 0 degrees?
Due to the fact that the sine of an angle of 0 degrees is equal to zero, and the cosine of the same angle is equal to 1, the tangent is obtained by dividing zero by one, which gives 0. The tangent of 0 degrees is therefore equal to 0.
What is the tangent of 135 degrees?
The tangent of 135 degrees is equal to -1 (minus one) using a similar calculus.
Note: see also table of values of trigonometric functions other angles.
Sine, cosine, tangent of angle 45 degrees (sin 45, cos 45, tg 45)
Table values of sine 45, cosine 45 and tangent 45 degrees indicated . The following is an explanation of the method and the correctness of calculating these values for an arbitrary right triangle.
45 degrees is π/4 radians. Formulas for the values of cosine, sine and tangent pi/4 radians are given below (although they are identical).
That is, for example, tan π/4 = tan 45 degrees
VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS AT α=45°
How to independently calculate the values of sin cos tg 45 degrees?
Let's construct and consider a right triangle ABC whose angle ∠ B = 45°. Based on the ratio of its sides, we calculate the values of trigonometric functions in a right triangle for an angle of 45 degrees. Since the triangle is right-angled, the values of the sine, cosine and tangent functions will be equal to the ratio of its corresponding sides.
Since the values of the sine, cosine and tangent functions depend exclusively on the degree measure of the angle (or the value expressed in radians), the ratios we found will be the values of the function of sine 45, cosine 45 and tangent 45 degrees.
According to the properties of a right triangle, angle C is right and equal to 90 degrees. We initially constructed angle B with a degree measure of 45 degrees. Let's find the value of angle A. Since the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees, then
∠
A+ ∠
B + ∠
C = 180°
Angle C is right and equal to 90 degrees, angle B we initially defined as 45 degrees, thus:
∠
A = 180° - ∠
WITH - ∠
B = 180° - 90° - 45° = 45°
Since this triangle has two angles equal to each other, then triangle ABC is rectangular and, at the same time, isosceles, in which both legs are equal to each other: AC = BC.
Let us assume that the length of the sides is equal to a certain number AC = BC = a. Knowing the lengths of the legs, we calculate the length of the hypotenuse.
According to the Pythagorean theorem: AB 2 = AC 2 + BC 2
Let's replace the lengths AC and BC with the variable a, then we get:
AB 2 = a 2 + a 2 = 2a 2,
then AB=a √ 2.
As a result we expressed the lengths of all sides a right triangle with an angle of 45 degrees through the variable a.
According to the properties of trigonometric functions in a right triangle the ratio of the corresponding sides of the triangle will be equal to the value of the corresponding functions. Thus, for an angle α = 45 degrees:
sin α = BC / AB(according to the definition of sine for a right triangle, this is the ratio of the opposite leg to the hypotenuse, BC - leg, AB - hypotenuse)
cos α = AC / AB(according to the definition of cosine, this is the ratio of the adjacent leg to the hypotenuse, AC is the leg, AB is the hypotenuse)
tg α = BC / AC(similarly, the tangent for angle α will be equal to the ratio of the opposite side to the adjacent one)
Instead of designating the sides, we substitute the values of their lengths through the variable a.
Based on this (see table of values sin 45, cos 45, tg 45) we get:
Table values sin 45, cos 45, tg 45(that is, the value sine 45, cosine 45 and tangent 45 degrees can be calculated as the ratio of the corresponding sides of a given triangle), we substitute the values of the side lengths calculated above into the formulas and get the result in the picture below.
Table values: sine 45, cosine 45 and tangent 45 degrees
Thus:
- tangent of 45 degrees is equal to one
- sine of 45 degrees is equal to cosine of 45 degrees and is equal to the root of two in half (the same as one divided by the root of two)
As can be seen from the calculations given above, to calculate the values of the corresponding trigonometric function, it is not the lengths of the sides of the triangle that are important, but their ratio, which is always the same for the same angles, regardless of the size of a particular triangle.
Sine, cosine and tangent π/4 radians
In problems proposed for solution in high school and on the External Education Test/Unified State Examination, instead of the degree measure of an angle, one often encounters an indication of its magnitude, measured in radians. The measure of angle, expressed in radians, is based on the number pi, which expresses the dependence of the circumference of a circle on its diameter.
For ease of understanding, I recommend remembering simple principle for converting degrees to radians. The diameter of a circle covers an arc of 180 degrees. Thus, pi radian will be equal to 180 degrees. From where it is easy to convert any degree measure of an angle into radians and vice versa.
Let's take into account that 45 degree angle expressed in radians, is equal to (180 / 45 = 4) π/4 (pi times four). Therefore, the values we found are correct for the same degree measure of angle, expressed in radians:
- tangent π/4(pi over four) equals one
- sine π/4(pi times four) degrees is equal to cosine π/4 degrees and is equal to the root of two in half
Tangent table is one of the four most used trigonometric tables in the Bradis Table Book. Even though tangent and cotangent are essentially derivatives of sine and cosine, it is often useful to have ready-made calculated values for tangents.
Trigonometric functions and their importance in the study of geometry
In geometry, trigonometric functions play a special role, with the help of which they determine how the sides and angles of a right triangle are related to each other. Of course, trigonometry does not stand still and since the time of Euclid it has stepped forward a lot and now these functions can be expressed through the solution of differential equations.
Currently in use six notations for basic trigonometric functions , and four of the six functions, they are the last in the row, can be determined not only using geometry.
Sinus (sin)
Cosine
(cos)
Tangent (tg/tan)
Cotangent (ctg/cot)
Secant
(sec)
Cosecant (cosec/csc) .
Let's consider the right triangle itself; the designations for its sides and angles in all reference books are, as usual, standard, no matter which side it lies on the plane.
In this triangle there are three angles, denoted α, β, γ, with γ always 90°. The side lying opposite the right angle γ is called the hypotenuse, it is denoted by the letter C. Angle α, from which all calculations begin, is located opposite side a / BC /, called opposite to this angle, and side b / AC /, which is nearby, subject to this angle and is called adjacent.
According to Euclidean theory, which is still true (and will always be true), the sum of the angles of such a triangle, which is in the same plane, will be equal to 180 or the number π. And the value of any angle will be between 0 and π /2.
Then trigonometric functions can be expressed in terms of the dimensions of the sides of this triangle. Since angle α is the first in both the Greek alphabet and our triangle, we begin our acquaintance with functions through this angle.
- Sine α is expressed through the ratio of the leg that lies opposite this angle to the hypotenuse of our triangle, that is, sin α = a: c.
- Cosine α is expressed through the ratio of the leg, which is adjacent to the angle α, and the hypotenuse c, cos α = b: c. By the way, sin β = α: с, which allows us to accept that sin α is equal to cos β and therefore sin β is equal to cos α.
- Tangent α equal to the quotient of the ratio of the opposite side a to the adjacent side b : tg α = a: b.
- Cotangent of angle α accordingly is equal to ctg α = b: a.
- Angle secant α is the ratio of the hypotenuse of the triangle to the leg adjacent to this angle sec α = c: b.
- Cosecant of angle α is the ratio of the hypotenuse of a triangle to the leg that is opposite the angle, cosecα = c: a.
These functions can also be expressed through a circle by specifying a coordinate system. We set a coordinate system with the center at point O. The angle through which the segment OA shown in the drawing is rotated will be considered arbitrary, let's call it θ.
Then the tangent of this angle θ is considered to be the ratio of the ordinate of point A on the circle to its abscissa. Therefore, if ctg α = b: a, and AC = sin θ, OS = cos θ, then tanθ = sin θ: cos θ. Similarly, we obtain cos θ = cos θ: sin θ or 1: tanθ.