From the memoirs of a Soviet and party leader. Instructions for performing the work
Plan
1. Reasons and content of “perestroika” (main approaches).
Reforms of the political and economic sphere of the USSR in 1985–1991.
Foreign policy of the USSR during the period of “perestroika”.
Reports:
Glasnost" and the emancipation of public consciousness.
Revival of Russian multi-party system.
3. Domestic science, culture, education in the conditions of “perestroika” and “post-perestroika”.
National policy of the USSR during the years of “perestroika” and its results.
Task 8.1.
1. What are the results of the implementation of the party’s strategic course under consideration?
2. Using historical knowledge, indicate at least two reasons that led to such results.
From the resolution of the XIX All-Union Party Conference
“The 19th All-Union Party Conference... states: the strategic course developed by the party at the April Plenum of the Central Committee and the 27th Party Congress for a comprehensive and revolutionary renewal of Soviet society and the acceleration of its socio-economic development is being steadily implemented. The country's slide into economic and socio-political crisis has been stopped...
The process of improving the country's economy and its turn towards meeting the urgent needs of people has begun. New management methods are gaining momentum. In accordance with the Law on State Enterprises (Associations), associations and enterprises are being transferred to self-financing and self-sufficiency. The Law on Cooperation was developed, widely discussed and adopted. New, progressive forms of intra-industrial labor relations based on contracting and leasing, as well as individual labor activity, are coming into use. A restructuring of organizational management structures is underway, aimed at creating favorable conditions for the effective management of the primary links of the economy.
The work launched at the initiative of the party made it possible to resume the growth of real incomes of workers. Practical measures are being implemented to increase the production of food and consumer goods and expand housing construction. Education and health reforms are being implemented. Spiritual life becomes a powerful factor in the progress of the country. Significant work has been done to rethink the modern realities of world development, update and add dynamism to foreign policy. Thus, perestroika is entering deeper and deeper into the life of Soviet society and has an ever-increasing transformative effect on it.”
Task 8.2.
1. Name the chronological framework of the historical period discussed in the text.
2. Name at least three economic reforms, transformations aimed at changing the “old economic mechanism” and carried out during the period to which the memories relate.
From the memoirs of Soviet party leader V. A. Medvedev.
“On June 11... a meeting was held at the CPSU Central Committee on issues of accelerating scientific and technological progress. The report of the [Secretary General] implemented to the maximum extent the developments that were carried out during these years in preparation for the Plenum of the Central Committee.
The meeting deepened the critical analysis of the previous period of development. At the same time, it was clearly discovered that the acceleration of scientific and technological progress, and therefore the socio-economic development of the country, rests on the economic mechanism inherited from the past. Further practice confirmed that even carefully developed extensive programs for the development of science and technology, the modernization of domestic mechanical engineering ... cannot count on success under the conditions of the old economic mechanism, therefore the center of gravity and attention in the economic sphere began to constantly switch to the development of the economic mechanism. And behind this, the whole chain gradually followed.
Upon in-depth analysis of the problems of improving the economic mechanism, it turned out that it is unthinkable without reforming the entire political system, and this, in turn, dictates the need to reconsider the role of the party itself.”
Task 8.3
Study the progress of “perestroika” from educational literature and fill out the following table:
In the second column, indicate the attitudes and slogans that the country’s leadership proclaimed and tried to adhere to in its policies. Keep in mind that some of these slogans became the name for one or another stage of perestroika. In the third and fourth columns it is necessary to note only the most important political and economic measures of the USSR leadership at each stage of “perestroika”.
Key dates
March 1985– election of M.S. as General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. Gorbachev.
June 1987– Law “On State Enterprise (Association)”.
May 1988– adoption of the law “On Cooperation in the USSR”.
June 1988– XIX All-Union Party Conference; the beginning of the reform of the political system (perestroika).
1988–1989– liquidation of socialist regimes in Eastern Europe (“velvet revolutions”).
May–June 1989– I Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR.
spring 1991– dissolution of the CMEA and the Department of Internal Affairs.
July 1991– signing of the Treaty between the USSR and the USA on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (START-1)
Basic Concepts
Publicity- a concept developed by Russian political thought, close to the concept of freedom of speech, but not adequate to it. Availability of information on all the most important issues of the work of government bodies.
State Committee for the State of Emergency in the USSR (GKChP)- created on the night of August 18-19, 1991 by representatives of government structures who disagreed with the reform policies of M.S. Gorbachev and the draft of the new Union Treaty. The State Emergency Committee included: O.D. Baklanov, First Deputy Chairman of the USSR Defense Council; V.A. Kryuchkov, Chairman of the KGB of the USSR; V.S. Pavlov, Prime Minister of the USSR; B.K. Pugo, Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR; V.A. Starodubtsev, Chairman of the Peasant Union of the USSR; A.I. Tizyakov, President of the Association of State Enterprises and Industrial, Construction, Transport and Communications Facilities of the USSR; G.I. Yanaev, Vice President of the USSR, member of the USSR Security Council. Troops were sent into large cities, almost all television programs stopped broadcasting, the activities of parties, movements and associations in opposition to the CPSU were suspended, and the publication of opposition newspapers was banned. Further, the members of the State Emergency Committee showed indecisiveness. In this situation, Russian President B.N. Yeltsin showed the greatest activity. He called on all citizens to disobey and a general strike. The center of resistance to the State Emergency Committee was the White House, the building of the Russian government. Within three days it became clear that society did not support the State Emergency Committee (putsch). Members of the State Emergency Committee went to Crimea to see M.S. Gorbachev, where they were arrested. They were charged under Article 64 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR (treason to the Motherland) in the GKChP case. They were later released from custody. The coup attempt undertaken by the Emergency Committee accelerated the process of the collapse of the USSR.
New political thinking- a new philosophical and political concept put forward by M.S. Gorbachev, the main provisions of which included: rejection of the conclusion about the split of the world into 2 opposing socio-political systems; recognition of the world as integral and indivisible; declaration of the impossibility of solving international problems by force; declaring as a universal way to resolve international issues not the balance of power of the two systems, but the balance of their interests; rejection of the principle of proletarian internationalism and recognition of the priority of universal human values over class, national, ideological, etc. Led to the end of the Cold War.
Perestroika- the policy of the leadership of the CPSU and the USSR, carried out from 1985 to August 1991. The initiators of perestroika (M.S. Gorbachev, A.N. Yakovlev, etc.) wanted to bring the Soviet economy, politics, ideology and culture in line with universal ideals and values. Perestroika was carried out extremely inconsistently and, due to contradictory efforts, created the preconditions for the collapse of the CPSU and the collapse of the USSR in 1991.
Acceleration- the slogan and political course of the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee M.S. Gorbachev, proclaimed in April 1985 and aimed at increasing the efficiency of the country’s national economy. The course resulted in a series of large-scale campaigns and serious breakdowns of the administrative structures of managing the national economy in 1985–1986, which led to a deterioration in economic development.
Cold War- a period in the history of international relations from the second half of the 40s to 1991. The Cold War was characterized by the confrontation between two superpowers - the USSR and the USA, two world socio-political systems in the economic, ideological and political spheres using psychological means of influencing the enemy . Confrontation on the brink of war.
Literature
1. Barsenkov, A.S. Introduction to modern Russian history 1985–1991: Course of lectures. – M.: Aspect-Press, 2002. – P. 29–52.
2. Why did Gaidar talk about “famine” and “fatal” oil (comments to E.T. Gaidar’s book “The Death of an Empire” by A.B. Kobyakov)
5 ... wherever two people met, there was already a discussion going on, if these people belonged to different camps. But as an organizer, preference was still given to Stalin, and Bukharin occupied a prominent position in the party as a propagandist, as an agitator. He was the editor of Pravda, and he really was the editor that Pravda needed. He was the organizer of the propaganda of Marxist teachings. Although, as Lenin said, he himself made mistakes. 7 SYRTSOV S.I. (1893-1937) - employee, member of the RSDLP since 1913, participant in the Civil War in Soviet Russia, a prominent party figure in the Donbass, from 1921 an employee of the apparatus of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) and from 1924 editor of the magazine "Communist Revolution" ", since 1926, secretary of the Siberian regional committee of the CPSU (b), since 1929, chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, after 1931 - in various leading administrative and party positions, candidate member of the Politburo in 1929-1930. Repressed, rehabilitated posthumously. They came to me because I grew up in this area, my father worked at the Uspenskaya mine, four miles south of Yuzovka. I spent both my childhood and my youth there, where I studied metalworking at the Bosse3 factory. I had a very wide circle of friends with whom I spent my childhood and youth working in the mines. At that time, I had a good understanding of production issues - the coal industry, the chemical, metallurgical and construction industries. That was the main thing then. At that time, a leader who did not understand coal mining or metallurgy, chemistry and construction was considered, roughly speaking, a fool. Stroganov found himself in exactly this situation, although he was not a stupid man. He also died later, poor fellow, and I felt sorry for him very much then, and I still feel sorry for him now: he deserved neither arrest nor execution, but was shot. I had a very good relationship with him, so I gladly wanted to go there, which is why I asked to be sent to Lugansk. And there I would like to go back to work as secretary of the district party committee. Apparently, such work would be found there. Kaganovich tells me: “If you pose the question this way, then we in the Central Committee have no need for you to leave Yuzovka. Therefore, stay where you are.” I said goodbye, left, began to think and came to the conclusion that if the Central Committee makes me such an offer - to work as deputy head of the organizational department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Bolsheviks) - then this is a high post and, apparently, there are compelling considerations that prompted this Kaganovich.| ← |
The history exam paper takes 3.5 hours (210 minutes). The work consists of 3 parts, including 40 tasks.
Part I consists of 21 tasks (A1-A21). For each task there are 4 possible answers, of which only one is correct.
Part II consists of 13 tasks (B1-B13) requiring a short answer (in the form of one or two words, a combination of letters or numbers).
Part III consists of 6 tasks with a detailed answer (C1-C6).
Read each task carefully and the suggested answer options, if any. Answer only after you understand the question and have considered all possible answers.
The points you receive for completed tasks are summed up. Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score the most points.
We wish you success!
PartI
A1. Which of these events is the name of Prince Vladimir Monomakh associated with?
1) with the Lyubech Congress of Princes
2) with Danube trips
3) with the defeat of the Khazars
4) with the defeat of the Pechenegs
A2. Read an excerpt from the essay and indicate under which ruler the named territories were annexed to Moscow. “In 1463, all the princes of Yaroslavl... beat their brows to accept them into the Moscow service and abandoned their independence. In the 1470s, Novgorod the Great and its vast region in northern Rus' were conquered. In 1474, the princes of Rostov sold the remaining half of the Rostov principality to Moscow; the other half was bought by Moscow even earlier... In 1485 Tver was conquered...”
1) Dmitry Donskoy
2) Ivan III
3) Fedor Ivanovich
4) Ivan Kalita
A3. Which of the following events happened earlier than the others?
1) creation of the Tushino camp by False Dmitry II
2) creation of the Council of the whole earth
3) siege of troops in Tula
4) death of Boris Godunov
A4. Under the leadership of Aristotle Fioravanti was erected on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin
1) Assumption Cathedral
2) Archangel Cathedral
3) Annunciation Cathedral
4) Ivan the Great Bell Tower
A5. Read an excerpt from the chronicle and indicate who the passage is talking about.
“[He] said to his mother and his boyars: “I don’t like to sit in Kyiv, I want to live in Pereyaslavets on the Danube - for there is the middle of my land, all the good things flow there: from the Greek land - gold, grass, wine, various fruits, from the Czech Republic and from Hungary silver and horses, from Rus' furs and wax, honey and slaves.”
3) Svyatoslav
4) Yaroslav
A6. What was the consequence of the strengthening of the army in the first half of the 17th century?
1) the appearance of artillery
2) creation of new regiments
3) introduction of recruitment kits
4) creation of guards regiments
A7. What position did you hold?
1) Minister of State Property
2) Minister of Internal Affairs
3) Minister of Foreign Affairs
4) Minister of War
A8. Which of the following refers to the consequences of Russia's victory in the Russian-Turkish war?
1) the city of Odessa was founded
2) the Ottoman Empire fell
3) Crimea gained independence
4) Russia gained the opportunity to control the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits
A9. Read an excerpt from a book by a participant in a 19th-century social movement. and indicate his last name
“The first and main feature is quasi-absolute autonomy, community self-government and, as a result, a decidedly hostile attitude of the community towards the state...
Although any rebellion, no matter how unsuccessful it may be, is always useful, however, individual outbreaks are not enough. We suddenly need to raise the whole village.”
A10. What was one of the reasons for the Russian-Turkish war?
1) the ruthless suppression of the uprising in the Slavic lands by the Turks
2) Turkish support for the Shamil Imamate in the North Caucasus
3) Russian support for the Greek uprising
4) Turkey’s violation of the terms of the Paris Peace Treaty on the neutralization of the Black Sea
___________________ (IN)
____________________ (G)
____________________ (D)
__________________ (E)
2) reform of state peasant management
6) establishment of the III Department of His Imperial Majesty’s Own Chancellery
9) granting peasants the right to leave the community with an allotment
AT 7. Read an excerpt from the work of modern historian I. I. Dolutsky.
“The St. Petersburg coupletists... sang couplets: “The shimosa flew by, it didn’t hurt me at all,” and blood flowed on the hills of Manchuria. Shimozas (powerful explosive shells) mowed down the Russian army, which did not have such shells.
The railways could provide the transfer from Russia of only two or three divisions per month...
The land army was commanded by a former minister of war. The famous General Skobelev, for whom Kuropatkin served as chief of staff during the Russian-Turkish War of 1877–1878, gave him the following advice: “Remember, you are good in supporting roles. God forbid you ever take on the role of the main boss: you lack determination and willpower. No matter how great a plan you develop, you will not be able to complete it.”
There was no action plan for the ground forces and navy. Makarov, recently assigned to the Far East, has not yet had time to implement most of his plans to rebuild the fleet. The situation was aggravated by the fact that above both commanders there was also a commander-in-chief, Admiral Alekseev, who did not get along with either of them.”
Using the document and your knowledge of history, choose three correct statements from the list given.
Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
1) this military conflict ended with the signing of the Portsmouth Peace Treaty
2) Russia conducted military operations against China
3) The Emperor of Russia at this time was Alexander II
4) As a result of the war, Russia lost the southern part of Sakhalin and the Liaodong Peninsula with Port Arthur
5) Russia won the Battle of Tsushima
6) the war made revolution in Russia inevitable
Look at the images and complete tasks Q12 and Q13
AT 12. Which judgments about the monument depicted in the photograph are correct? Choose two judgments from the five proposed. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
B13. Which of the buildings presented below was built during the reign of the same emperor under whom this sculpture was created? In your answer, write down the number under which it is indicated.
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From the memoirs of a Soviet party leader.
C5. In modern historiography, the following assessment is made of the reasons for the slowdown, “stagnation” in economic and socio-political life in the USSR in the 1970s – 1980s:
“Stagnation” became a natural result of the development of the Soviet system by the 1970s, and was caused by a conscious refusal to fundamentally reform this system.”
Using historical knowledge, give three arguments that support this assessment and three arguments that refute it. Indicate which of the arguments you gave support and which refute it.
C6. ONE and complete the task.
1) ; 2) Nicholas II; 3) M. Thatcher; 4)
Unified State Exam in HISTORY
Option No. 2
KEYS
PartI. 1 point for correct answer
A5. 3
A9. 4
A12. 2
A14. 1
A15. 2
A17. 3
PartII.
IN 1. 1 point
AT 2. 2 points
AT 3. 2 points
AT 4. 1 point Benckendorff
AT 5. 1 point Industrial Revolution.
AT 6. 3 points
| 1 |
B13. 1 point 1
PartIII
C1. 2 points
Answer: Perestroika. Gorbachev
C2. 2 points
Answer: Slowdown in economic growth; growing gap with the United States; financial difficulties; decline in the efficiency of social production.
C3. 2 points
Answer: acceleration of socio-economic development (development of means of production, social sphere, scientific and technological progress); publicity as criticism of shortcomings; restructuring of economic and political mechanisms.
C4. 3 points
1) Increase in taxes
2) The final enslavement of the peasants.
3) Church reform
1) Creation of a regular army
2) Protection of sovereignty and territorial integrity
C5. 4 points
Confirmation:
1) the administrative-command model is not susceptible to scientific and technical progress
2) growth of nomenklatura privileges
3) worsening consumption problems
Rebuttal:
1) growth rates were decreasing, but the situation was not critical
3) influence of the subjective factor (personality)
C6. Below are four historical figures from different eras. Choose from them ONE and complete the task.
2) ; 2) Nicholas II; 3) M. Thatcher; 4)
Indicate the lifetime of the historical figure (accurate to a decade or part of a century). Name at least two areas of his activity and give a brief description of them. Indicate the results of his activities in each of the areas.
Indicate the name of the period of national history to which the memoirs relate. What is the name of the Secretary General mentioned in the text?
Read an excerpt from a historical source and briefly answer questions C1-C3. Answers involve the use of information from the source, as well as the application of historical knowledge from the history course of the relevant period.
From the memoirs of Soviet party leader V. A. Medvedev.
“On June 11... a meeting was held at the CPSU Central Committee on issues of accelerating scientific and technological progress. The report of the [Secretary General] implemented to the maximum extent the developments that were carried out during these years in preparation for the Plenum of the Central Committee.
The meeting deepened the critical analysis of the previous period of development. At the same time, it was clearly discovered that the acceleration of scientific and technological progress, and therefore the socio-economic development of the country, rests on the economic mechanism inherited from the past. Further practice confirmed that even carefully developed extensive programs for the development of science and technology, the modernization of domestic mechanical engineering... cannot count on success under the conditions of the old economic mechanism, therefore the center of gravity and attention in the economic sphere began to constantly switch to the development of the economic mechanism. And behind this, the whole chain gradually followed.
Upon in-depth analysis of the problems of improving the economic mechanism, it turned out that it is unthinkable without reforming the entire political system, and this, in turn, dictates the need to reconsider the role of the party itself.”
Name at least three characteristic features of the “old economic mechanism” mentioned in the text.
Explanation.
The following characteristic features of the “old economic mechanism” can be named:
Lack of private ownership of the means of production;
The planned nature of the economy;
Command (bureaucratic) methods of economic management;
Lack of material interest of workers in the results of their work;
Mismanagement, irrational consumption of resources;
State control over pricing;
State monopoly on foreign trade.
Other characteristic features may be mentioned.
Name at least three economic reforms, transformations aimed at changing the “old economic mechanism” and carried out during the period to which the memories relate.
Explanation.
The following economic reforms and transformations of the perestroika period can be named:
Introduction of a state acceptance system;
Expanding the independence of enterprises, introducing cost accounting;
Development of the cooperative movement;
Permission for individual entrepreneurship;
Creation of farms (recognition of five main forms of farming in rural areas);
Creation of commercial banks.
Other reforms and transformations may be mentioned.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) period - perestroika;
2) the name of the General Secretary is M. S. Gorbachev.
A-14: Who headed the Council of People's Commissars, created at the II All-Russian
Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies?
1) L.D. Trotsky
2) A.I. Rykov
3) V.I. Lenin
4) I.V. Stalin
Answer: IN AND. Lenin (1922–1924)
Which of the following can be attributed to the results of industrialization in the USSR in
pre-war period?
1) creation of a complex of heavy industry enterprises
2) reduction in military spending
3) intensive development of light industry
4) formation of a mixed economy
Answer: the creation of heavy industry enterprises, which made it possible to win the Second World War.
The military operation of Soviet troops near Stalingrad ended
1) liberation from fascist invaders of the entire territory of the USSR
2) stabilization of the front and transition to trench warfare
3) liberation of Belarus
4) encirclement and destruction of the German army under the command
F. Paulus
Answer: encirclement and defeat of the German army under the command of General
F. Paulus
Read an excerpt from the memoirs of a Soviet composer and indicate it
last name
“I wanted to create a work about our days, about our lives, about our
people who become heroes who fight in the name of triumph
ours over the enemy... While working on the symphony, I thought about the greatness of our
people, about their heroism, about the best ideals of humanity, about the beautiful
human qualities, about our beautiful nature, about humanism, about beauty...
Our fight against fascism, our future victory over the enemy, my
I dedicate my 7th symphony to my hometown – Leningrad.”
1) S.S. Prokofiev
2) A.V. Alexandrov
3) A.I. Khachaturian
4) D.D. Shostakovich
Answer: Dmitry Shostakovich
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of political life?
USSR in the 1970s - mid-1980s?
1) the beginning of the process of rehabilitation of victims of political repression
2) softening criticism of the personality cult of I.V. Stalin's leaders
states
3) reduction in the number of party apparatus
4) departure from recognition of the leading role of the CPSU
Answer: by elimination - 2 (not softening, but curtailing what had become useless at that stage of the active process of de-Stalinization)
What was the consequence of the Second World War that manifested itself in the first
post-war decade?
1) expansion of the political influence of the USSR in the world
2) conclusion of the Soviet-American Missile Reduction Treaty
medium and shorter range
3) strengthening ties between the USSR and its allies in the anti-Hitler coalition
4) signing of the Final Act of the Helsinki Conference on
security and cooperation in Europe
Answer: increasing the political influence of the USSR due to the expansion of social services. camps in Eastern Europe.
Which magazines were condemned by the resolution of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in
1946 for providing a literary platform to A.A. Akhmatova and
MM. Zoshchenko?
1) “New World” and “Youth”
2) “Friendship of Peoples” and “Foreign Literature”
3) “Zvezda” and “Leningrad”
4) “Moscow” and “October”
Answer:"Zvezda" and "Leningrad" (see resolution)
The first years of market reforms in Russia (1992–1993) were
marked
1) overcoming the shortage of food and industrial goods
2) macroeconomic stabilization
3) development of the military-industrial complex
4) an increase in the income of the majority of the population
Answer: overcoming the deficit through cheap imports and illegal trade.
B2: Which three of the following provisions relate to the new economic
politics (1921–1929)? Write down in the table the numbers under which they
indicated.
1) approval of private ownership of land
2) introduction of self-financing at state enterprises
3) denationalization of heavy industry
4) the emergence of the credit and banking system and exchanges
5) abolition of the state monopoly of foreign trade
6) introduction of concessions
Answer: self-financing at enterprises, banks and exchanges, concessions
B6 Fill in the blank cells of the table using the information provided in the list below. For each lettered cell, select the number of the desired element.
Missing elements:
1) M.A. Egorov, M.V. Kantaria
2) September 1941 – April 1942
3) Ya.F. Pavlov
4) Battle of Kursk
5) battle for the Dnieper
6) June–August 1944
7) July 1942 – February 1943
8) I.V. Panfilov
9) May 1942
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Answer:
Look at the image and complete tasks B12 and B13.
Which judgments about the sculpture depicted in the photograph are correct? Choose two judgments from the five proposed. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
1) the sculpture was created in the period after the Great Patriotic War
2) currently the sculpture is located in St. Petersburg
3) the sculpture shows the tools depicted on the coat of arms of the USSR
4) the author of the sculpture is P.K. Klodt
5) the sculpture symbolized the unity of the working class and the peasantry
Answer: a sickle and a hammer are shown, a worker and a collective farmer are depicted. Sculptor: Vera Mukhina.
Which of the buildings presented below was built during the leadership of the country by the same statesman under whom this sculpture was created? In your answer, write down the number under which it is indicated.
1) 3)
2) 4)
Answer: 3) The building of Moscow State University on the Lenin (Sparrow) Hills. It was built in 1949-1953. and is an example of Stalinist monumental architecture; is one of the seven “high-rise buildings” in Moscow.
To record answers to tasks in this part (C1–C6), use answer form No. 2. First write down the task number (C1, C2, etc.), and then a detailed answer to it. Write down your answers clearly and legibly.
Read the historical passage and briefly answer questions C1–C3. Answers involve the use of information from the source, as well as the application of historical knowledge from the history course of the relevant period.
From the resolution of the XIX All-Union Party Conference.
“The 19th All-Union Party Conference... states: the strategic course developed by the party at the April Plenum of the Central Committee and the 27th Party Congress for a comprehensive and revolutionary renewal of Soviet society and the acceleration of its socio-economic development is being steadily implemented. The country’s slide into an economic and socio-political crisis has been stopped...
The process of improving the country's economy and its turn towards meeting the urgent needs of people has begun. New management methods are gaining momentum. In accordance with the Law on State Enterprises (Associations), associations and enterprises are being transferred to self-financing and self-sufficiency. The Law on Cooperation was developed, widely discussed and adopted. New, progressive forms of intra-industrial labor relations based on contracting and leasing, as well as individual labor activity, are coming into use. A restructuring of organizational management structures is underway, aimed at creating favorable conditions for the effective management of the primary links of the economy.
The work launched at the initiative of the party made it possible to resume the growth of real incomes of workers. Practical measures are being implemented to increase the production of food and consumer goods and expand housing construction. Education and health reforms are being implemented. Spiritual life becomes a powerful factor in the progress of the country. Significant work has been done to rethink the modern realities of world development, update and add dynamism to foreign policy. Thus, perestroika is entering deeper and deeper into the life of Soviet society and has an ever-increasing transformative effect on it.”
C1 Indicate the decade in which the events mentioned in the resolution took place. What is the name of the political figure who was the leader of the country during the period when these events took place? Indicate the name of the period in the history of the USSR when this political figure was the leader of the country.
C2 What directions of the internal policy of the CPSU and the state are named in the resolution? Specify any three directions.
C3 What is the result of the implementation of the party’s strategic course under consideration?
Using historical knowledge, indicate at least two reasons that led to this outcome.
C4 Many cities of Ancient Rus' arose on the banks of rivers. Explain the advantages of this location of the city (give three explanations).
C5 In historical science, there are controversial issues on which different, often contradictory, points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view existing in historical science.
“Russia in the 17th century. was in a state of isolation from economic,
military and cultural achievements of Western European countries."
Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can confirm this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it.
Write your answer in the following form.
Arguments in support:
1) …
2) …
Arguments to refute:
1) …
2) …
C6 Below are four historical figures from different eras. Choose ONE of them and complete the tasks.
1) Dmitry Donskoy; 2) M.M. Speransky; 3) W. Churchill; 4) N.S. Khrushchev. Indicate the lifetime of the historical figure (accurate to a decade or part of a century). Name at least two areas of his activity and give a brief description of them. Indicate the results of its activities in each of these areas.
