Potassium bicarbonate. Food additive E501 (potassium carbonate and bicarbonate) - benefits and harms Potassium bicarbonate what salt

E 501 was mined many centuries ago from wood ash. The substance, known as potash, was valued for its disinfectant properties and high cleaning power.

It has been observed that potash added to the dough improves its structure and the appearance of the finished product.

Potassium carbonates - the main name of the product according to GOST 55053–2012. The same document regulates the conditions of use, packaging, and transportation of the substance.

International synonym - Potassium carbonates. The index in the European codification is E 501 (E–501).

The food supplement includes two substances:

potassium carbonate (anhydrous and hydrated), code E 501(i). Other names: potassium carbonate, potash, dipotassium carbonate;
potassium bicarbonate, code E 501(ii), synonyms: potassium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate.

Type of substance

Additive E 501 belongs to the group. The substance is potassium salts of carbonic acid.

Potassium carbonate is produced by the chemical action of carbon dioxide on potassium hydroxide (caustic potash).

Potassium bicarbonate is a product of the reaction of potassium carbonate with carbon dioxide.

Properties

Index	Standard values
Color	white
Compound	carbonate, potassium bicarbonate; empirical formulas: K 2 CO 3 (anhydrous potassium carbonate); K 2 CO 3 1.5H 2 O (hydrated); KHCO 3 (E 501ii)
Appearance	powder, hydrated colorless crystals
Smell	absent
Solubility	good in water; does not dissolve in alcohols
Main substance content	99% for carbonates, 99 to 101% for potassium bicarbonate
Taste	alkaline
Density	2.428 g/cm 3
Other	hygroscopic; high heat resistance; blurs in the air

Package

Manufacturers package potassium carbonates in standard containers for bulk products:

five-layer bags with a laminated inner layer;
polypropylene or multilayer paper bags with an additional liner;
cardboard drums, wound or corrugated boxes with internal polyethylene protection;
specialized polyethylene containers (tag bags).

Application

Additive E 501 is used to a limited extent in the food industry, mainly in combination with other carbonates and bicarbonates. The substance, when combined with water, forms an alkaline environment. Can create and stabilize dispersed systems.

The additive is used as an emulsifier only in the production of chocolate products. Potassium carbonates improve texture and prevent graying of the top layer.

Additive E 501 has become more widely used as baking powder. It is included in cocoa and milk powder products.

Potassium carbonate is included in the list of raw materials for the production of baker's yeast. The substance serves as a nutrient medium for beneficial microorganisms, while at the same time protecting the product from contamination by moldy fungi.

Potassium bicarbonate is used:

as a consistency stabilizer for condensed milk, cocoa-based products and chocolate;
acidity regulator in citrus jams, marmalades;
synergist of antioxidants in winemaking.

Sometimes potassium bicarbonate is replaced in the production of gingerbread products. The substance does not decompose under the influence of high temperatures, the finished product does not crack, and has a smooth, dense surface.

Potassium bicarbonate in combination drugs (usually with or) is prescribed as a drug for hypokalemia.

Additive E 501 is used in veterinary medicine to increase the therapeutic effect of anti-scabies solutions.

In livestock farming, potassium carbonates are used to disinfect premises and treat horse harness.

Potassium carbonate is a component of household detergents, liquid and antimicrobial soap.

The additive is approved in all countries. The permissible rate is unlimited.

Benefits and harms

Potassium is found in the human body. Potassium carbonates are well absorbed into the walls of the digestive system. They are eliminated naturally.

Supplement E 501 is able to replenish potassium reserves. This is its undoubted benefit.

Can cause harm excessive use of a substance. This can happen with uncontrolled use of medications and dietary supplements containing stabilizer E 501. Food products contain the additive in quantities that are not hazardous to health.

Caution should be exercised by people suffering from kidney disease, gastrointestinal tract, and heart failure.

Can consuming sodium lactate be harmful? The answer to this question is in.

Main manufacturers

In Russia, the only manufacturer of the E 501 additive is Pikalevskaya Soda CJSC (Leningrad Region). The company's products are mainly exported.

Leading global manufacturers:

Foodchem International Corporation (China);
Kruse (Germany);
PPC (France);
UNID (Korea).

Potassium, necessary for the normal functioning of various systems, is not synthesized in the body. Products containing the E 501 additive are safe and beneficial to a certain extent. They can become an additional source of valuable macronutrients.

Formula: KHCO3, chemical name: potassium bicarbonate.
Pharmacological group: metabolism/macro- and microelements.
Pharmachologic effect: replenishes potassium deficiency.

Pharmacological properties

Potassium bicarbonate replenishes potassium deficiency in the body. Helps in maintaining the required extra- and intracellular concentrations of potassium ions. Potassium is a major intracellular ion that plays an important role in the functioning of the body. Takes part in the regulation of osmotic pressure inside the cell, in the contraction of skeletal muscles, in the processes of transmission and conduction of nerve impulses to innervated organs, as well as some biochemical processes. Reduces conductivity and excitability of the myocardium, inhibits automatism (in high doses).

Indications

Hypokalemia of various origins, including hypokalemia caused by diarrhea, vomiting, polyuria in chronic renal failure, hyperaldosteronism, and taking certain medications; paroxysmal myoplegia (hypokalemic form); arrhythmias, including during intoxication with glycosides; chronic hyperchloremic acidosis, which is associated with potassium deficiency.

Method of use of potassium bicarbonate and dose

For oral administration, the daily dose is 50 - 100 mEq of potassium, a single dose is 25 - 50 mEq of potassium; Duration of use and frequency of use depend on indications.
During therapy, it is necessary to monitor the electrocardiogram and potassium levels in the blood, and when treating hypokalemia, careful monitoring of acid-base balance is necessary.

Contraindications for use

Hypersensitivity, complete heart block, impaired renal excretory function, hyperkalemia of various origins, age under 18 years (safety and effectiveness of use have not been established).

Restrictions on use

Disturbances of atrioventricular conduction, pathology of the gastrointestinal tract (for oral administration).
Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding
If it is necessary to use potassium bicarbonate during pregnancy, it is necessary to assess the expected benefits of treatment for the mother and the possible risk to the fetus. During breastfeeding, if it is necessary to use potassium bicarbonate, it is necessary to resolve the issue of stopping it (breastfeeding).

Side effects of potassium bicarbonate

Digestive system: nausea, diarrhea, vomiting; water and electrolyte balance: hyperkalemia (muscle weakness, paresthesia in the lower and upper extremities, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, heart block, confusion).

Interaction of potassium bicarbonate with other substances

When using potassium bicarbonate together with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and potassium-sparing diuretics, the risk of developing hyperkalemia increases (this combination is not recommended; if there is a need to prescribe it, then monitoring the concentration of potassium in the blood serum is necessary). Under the influence of potassium preparations, the effect of quinidine on the heart is enhanced, side reactions that can develop when taking cardiac glycosides are reduced, and the undesirable effect of disopyramide on the circulatory system is also enhanced.

Overdose

In case of an overdose of potassium bicarbonate, hyperkalemia develops (paresthesia, muscle hypotonicity, arrhythmia, slowing of atrioventricular conduction, cardiac arrest). Early clinical signs of hyperkalemia (when the content of potassium ions in plasma is more than 6 mEq/l) are widening of the QRS complex, sharpening of the T wave; more severe symptoms of hyperkalemia (at a plasma potassium ion concentration of 9–10 mEq/L) are cardiac arrest and muscle paralysis. Required: intravenously or orally - sodium chloride solution; if necessary, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

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Veterinary encyclopedic dictionary
- sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, bicarbonate of soda, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic. White crystalline powder, odorless...
Veterinary encyclopedic dictionary
- , synthetic crystal, KH2PO4, dense. 2.38 g/cm3 at 20°C, Tmelt=252°C, mol. m. 136.09. Optically transparent in the l range from 0.25 to 1.7 microns. Water soluble and hygroscopic...
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- see Ammonium carbonate...
Chemical encyclopedia
- A five-headed serpent killed by Krishna in childhood. A mystical monster symbolizing the passions of man - a river or water being a symbol of matter...
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- the same as drinking or baking soda....
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- Synonym: Kalium aceticum. White crystalline powder, odorless or with a faint odor of acetic acid, salty taste. Hygroscopic, diffuses in air. Very soluble in water, easily soluble in alcohol...
Medicines
- sodium bicarbonate, baking soda, NaHCO3, used in powders, tablets and solutions for increased acidity of gastric juice, gastric and duodenal ulcers, as well as...
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Great Soviet Encyclopedia
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- KALIA soup potage calia à l "estragon. Kulin. Soup with tarragon. Radetzky 1853 2 15...
Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language
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Synonym dictionary

"POTASSIUM HYDROCARBONATE" in books

Potassium type

From the book Philosopher's Stone of Homeopathy author Simeonova Natalya Konstantinovna

Type of potassium Potassium and sodium were chosen by nature at the earliest stages of the creation of life to perform two important functions - regulation of excitability and water metabolism. Potassium, as is known, is the main intracellular cation, and sodium is found in the extracellular space.

Potassium deficiency

From the book Diseases and Pests of Fruits. The latest drugs for protection author Gavrilova Anna Sergeevna

Potassium deficiency Signs of potassium starvation usually appear in the first half of summer. A characteristic sign of potassium deficiency is leaf necrosis. Their slight discoloration is observed, and then dark brown stripes form along the edges. Affected

Potassium deficiency

From the book Garden without pests author

Potassium deficiency Without potassium, the effectiveness of nitrogen and phosphorus is significantly reduced. Vegetable plants react especially painfully to a lack of potassium in conditions of high acidity of the soil and when too large doses of magnesium and calcium are added. At first the leaves turn pale, as if

Potassium deficiency

From the book Gooseberry author Fatyanov Vladislav Ivanovich

Potassium deficiency Without potassium, the effectiveness of nitrogen and phosphorus is significantly reduced. Gooseberry plants react especially painfully to a lack of potassium in conditions of high acidity of the soil and when too large doses of magnesium and calcium are added. First, the leaves turn pale, as

Potassium iodide

From the book Universal Pocket Guide to Medicines author Rizo Elena Alexandrovna

Potassium iodide Iodine preparation for the prevention and treatment of thyroid diseases. Dosage form. Tablets.Composition. Potassium iodide, 131 mcg, including iodine, 100 mcg. Indications. Prevention of iodine deficiency diseases in areas with iodine deficiency, prevention of relapse

Potassium permanganate

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (PE) by the author TSB

Potassium dichromate

TSB

Potassium bromide

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (KA) by the author TSB

Potassium hexacyanoferriate

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (KA) by the author TSB

Potassium hexacyanoferroate

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (KA) by the author TSB

Potassium hydroxide

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (KA) by the author TSB

Sodium bicarbonate

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (GI) by the author TSB

SODIUM HYDROCARBONATE (NATRII HYDROCARBONAS)

From the book Pediatrician's Pharmacotherapeutic Guide author

SODIUM HYDROCARBONATE (NATRII HYDROCARBONAS) Group of drugs. Agents that reduce the acidity of gastric juice. Composition and release form. They produce tablets of 0.3 and 0.5 g in packages of 6 and 10 pcs. Medicinal properties. Reduces increased acidity of gastric juice; has

Sodium bicarbonate (Natrii Hydrocarbonas)

From the book Modern Medicines for Children author Pariyskaya Tamara Vladimirovna

Sodium hydrocarbonate (Natrii Hydrocarbonas) Group of drugs. Agents that reduce the acidity of gastric juice. Composition and release form. They produce tablets of 0.3 and 0.5 g in packages of 6 and 10 pcs. Medicinal properties. Reduces increased acidity of gastric juice;

Bicarbonate in mineral waters

From the book Healing Soda author Danikov Nikolay Illarionovich

Bicarbonate in mineral waters Bicarbonate ions HCO3 are present in almost all natural mineral waters. To determine them in water, GOST 23268.3-78 “Healing mineral drinking waters, medicinal table waters and natural table waters” is used. Determination methods

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Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia

Are common
Potassium bicarbonate

Systematic Name	Potassium bicarbonate
Traditional names	Potassium carbonate, acidic; potassium bicarbonate
Chem. formula	KHCO 3
Physical properties
Molar mass	100.12 g/mol
Density	2.17 g/cm³
Thermal properties
T. float.	diff.
Chemical properties
Solubility in water	33.3 20; 68.3 70 g/100 ml
Classification
Reg. CAS number	298-14-6
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SMILES
InChI
Reg. EC number	206-059-0
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Data are based on standard conditions (25 °C, 100 kPa) unless otherwise stated.

Potassium bicarbonate- acid salt of the alkali metal potassium and carbonic acid with the chemical formula KHCO 3. White powder.

Receipt

By passing excess carbon dioxide through a solution of potassium hydroxide:

texvc not found; See math/README for setup help.): \mathsf(KOH + CO_2 \ \xrightarrow(\ )\ KHCO_3 )

or potassium carbonate solution:

Unable to parse expression (Executable file texvc not found; See math/README for setup help.): \mathsf(K_2CO_3 + CO_2 + H_2O \ \xrightarrow(\ )\ 2KHCO_3 )

Physical properties

Potassium bicarbonate- colorless crystals of monoclinic system, space group P 2 1 /n, a= 1.453 nm, b= 0.569 nm, c= 0.368 nm, β = 90.32°, Z = 4. Easily soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol.

Chemical properties

Aqueous solutions of potassium bicarbonate have a slightly alkaline reaction due to hydrolysis at the anion:

Unable to parse expression (Executable file texvc not found; See math/README for setup help.): \mathsf(2\ HCO_3^- + H_2O \ \rightleftarrows\ H_2CO_3 + OH^- )

When heated, potassium bicarbonate decomposes:

Unable to parse expression (Executable file texvc not found; See math/README for setup help.): \mathsf(2\ KHCO_3 \ \xrightarrow(100^oC)\ K_2CO_3 + CO_2\uparrow + H_2O )

Reacts with acids like all carbonates:

Unable to parse expression (Executable file texvc not found; See math/README for setup help.: \mathsf(KHCO_3 + HCl \ \xrightarrow(\ )\ KCl + CO_2\uparrow + H_2O )

Reaction with alkalis leads to the formation of a medium salt:

Unable to parse expression (Executable file texvc not found; See math/README for setup help.: \mathsf(KHCO_3 + KOH \ \xrightarrow(\ )\ K_2CO_3 + H_2O )

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Literature

Lidin R.A. and etc. Chemical properties of inorganic substances: Textbook. manual for universities. - 3rd ed., rev. - M.: Chemistry, 2000. - 480 p. - ISBN 5-7245-1163-0.
Ripan R., Ceteanu I. Inorganic chemistry. Chemistry of metals. - M.: Mir, 1971. - T. 1. - 561 p.
Chemist's Handbook / Editorial Board: Nikolsky B.P. and others. - 3rd ed., rev. - L.: Chemistry, 1971. - T. 2. - 1168 p.
Chemical Encyclopedia / Editorial Board: Knunyants I.L. and others. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1990. - T. 2. - 671 p. - ISBN 5-82270-035-5.

Chemical vessels

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Excerpt characterizing Potassium Bicarbonate

And I also knew that my life was apparently needed by someone and for something, because no matter what dangerous “mess” I got into, I always managed to get out of it without any negative consequences and always somehow... as if someone unknown was helping me with this. As, for example, what happened that same summer, at the moment when I almost drowned in our beloved Nemunas River...

It was a very hot July day, the temperature did not drop below +40 degrees. The white-hot air was dry, like in the desert, and literally “crackled” in our lungs with every breath. We sat on the river bank, shamelessly sweating and gasping for air, like overheated crucian carp thrown onto land... And almost completely “roasted” in the sun, we looked at the water with longing eyes. The usual moisture was not felt at all, and therefore all the children wildly wanted to plunge into the water as quickly as possible. But it was a little scary to swim, since this was a different bank of the river, not familiar to us, and the Nemunas, as you know, has long been that deep and unpredictable river with which it was not advisable to joke.
Our old favorite beach was temporarily closed for cleaning, so we all temporarily gathered at a place more or less familiar to someone, and for now everyone was “drying out” on the shore, not daring to swim. A huge old tree grew near the river. Its long silky branches, at the slightest breath of wind, touched the water, quietly caressing it with delicate petals, and powerful old roots, resting against river stones, intertwined under it into a continuous “warty” carpet, creating a peculiar lumpy roof hanging over the water.
It was this old wise tree, oddly enough, that posed a real danger to swimmers... Around it, for some reason, many peculiar “funnels” were created in the water, which seemed to “suck” the person caught into the depths and need to it was necessary to be a very good swimmer to be able to stay on the surface, especially since the place under the tree was very deep.
But, as we know, talking to children about danger is almost always useless. The more they are convinced by caring adults that some irreparable misfortune can happen to them, the more they are confident that “maybe this can happen to someone, but, of course, not to them, not here and not now”... And the very feeling of danger, on the contrary, only attracts them even more, thereby sometimes provoking them to the stupidest actions.
We, four “brave” neighbor guys and I, thought about the same thing, and, unable to bear the heat, we decided to take a swim. The river looked quiet and calm, and did not seem to pose any danger. We agreed to watch each other and swam together. At the beginning, everything seemed to be as usual - the current was no stronger than on our old beach, and the depth did not exceed the already familiar familiar depth. I became braver and swam more confidently. And then, for this same too much confidence, “God hit me on the head, but he didn’t regret it”... I was swimming not far from the shore, when suddenly I felt that I was being sharply pulled down... And it was so sudden that I didn’t have time to react to stay on the surface. I was spinning strangely and being pulled very quickly into the depths. It seemed that time had stopped, I felt that there was not enough air.
Then I still knew nothing about clinical death or about the luminous tunnels that appeared during it. But what happened next was very similar to all those stories about clinical deaths that much later I managed to read in various books, already living in distant America...

Food additive number E501 combines two related compounds of potassium carbonate:

potassium carbonate directly,
as well as potassium bicarbonate.

You can learn about these substances used in food production from the table that follows.

(i) Potassium carbonate
Organoleptic properties	anhydrous potassium carbonate looks like a hygroscopic white powder, it is odorless, and its taste is alkaline; hydrated potassium carbonate appears as small translucent granules or white crystals
Empirical formula	anhydrous potassium carbonate: K 2 CO 3 ; hydrated potassium carbonate: K 2 CO 3 1.5H 2 O
	allowed
Technological functions	the additive is used as a stabilizer, leavening agent, acidity regulator, drying agent, yeast food, emulsifier
	used in products based on cocoa powder, milk powder; used in chocolate; this emulsifier is also added to pressed baker’s yeast
Alternative uses	The additive is also used in the production of liquid soap, optical glass, and various pigments.
Synonymous names	potassium carbonate; potassium carbonate; dipotassium carbonate; dipotassium carbonate; potash; potassium salt of carbonic acid
(ii) Potassium bicarbonate
Organoleptic properties	Potassium bicarbonate may look like granules or white powder, while the powder and granules are odorless; this substance may also look like completely transparent crystals
Empirical formula
Permission for use in food production	allowed
Technological functions	Potassium bicarbonate is used as a stabilizer, acidity regulator, leavening agent
Food products for which it is used	use food additive E501 in the production of powdered and condensed milk, dry and condensed cream, products using cocoa powder, jelly, marmalade, jam, chocolate
Alternative uses	Potassium bicarbonate is also used for the production of fire extinguishing compounds, as well as detergents
Synonymous names	potassium bicarbonate; potassium bicarbonate; potassium acid carbonate; potassium bicarbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate; potassium salt of carbonic acid; potassium acid carbonate

The food additive that is so widely used in the preparation of certain foods and detergents has been known to man for a very long time. In ancient Rome, for example, potassium carbonate was used as a washing powder, since its alkaline base helped to perfectly remove various dirt and greasy stains from clothes. This substance was also known in Rus'. It was also used as a detergent. Potassium carbonate was obtained by evaporating a fire with a solution of ash. To do this, the solution was prepared in advance and poured over burning logs, but only so that they did not go out completely. When the fire burned out at the bottom of the hearth in which it burned, potash crystallized, another name for which is potassium carbonate. Pieces of potash were broken off and placed in barrels for storage.

Effect on the body: benefit or harm?

Effect of dietary supplement E501 in food products cannot be called harmful or dangerous. Hygienic norms of norm and excess consumption regarding potassium carbonates are not limited. However, the additive can cause harm in its pure form. If it gets on the skin or mucous membranes, it can cause serious burns and the formation of ulcers. The entry of potassium carbonates into the respiratory tract will provoke the development of allergies, and in addition they can provoke an exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases.

Allergy sufferers should be careful when using the E501 dietary supplement, as it can provoke allergic reactions and the appearance of eczema.