EGE German language. Preparation for the Unified State Exam in German

The Unified State Exam (Unified State Exam) in German consists of four sections:

- Listening
- Reading
- Grammar and vocabulary
- Letter

Previously, graduates also passed the oral part (Speaking) after a written exam, where they had to conduct a dialogue one-on-one with a teacher from another school, as well as present a detailed monologue on a proposed topic. Subsequently, the oral part of the Unified State Exam was canceled, and today’s exam consists of only the four above-mentioned parts.

The tasks of the Unified State Exam are divided into 3 categories - A, B and C.

Tasks Part A represent the so-called multiple choice, where three or four answer options are offered for each question, and from the proposed options you need to choose the correct one.

Part B somewhat more complicated, there may be tasks of two main types: a) fill in the gaps in the text, putting the proposed option in the correct grammatical form; b) given, for example, six texts and seven headings for them - you need to find the extra one and correlate the remaining ones with each other. Here the answers are already given, you just need to put them in the correct grammatical form, or correlate the answers with the questions, discarding the extra option.

Part C- this is already aerobatics, here you need to compose a coherent structured text yourself, using grammar and vocabulary correctly.

The total exam time is 180 minutes.

It sounds scary. But in reality this is not the case. There are certain tricks to better cope with each type of task and save time. Below we will look at what tasks can be found in each part and how best to solve them.

1. Listening

Success strategy: skim through the assignment questions to the text and answers before listening! At a time when in Russian they will say “Now you will complete listening tasks. Each text will be read twice…” you don’t have to listen to this, but read the tasks themselves! So, instead of the required 20 seconds, you will have several times more time to read the questions and answer options. Sometimes, even before hearing the text, you can assume that one of the options is incorrect, because it simply sounds too illogical.

Example:Wo wollte Peter nach seinem Studium arbeiten?
1) bei einem Automobilhersteller in Germany
2) bei einem großem Autokonzern in den USA
3) in der Großen Autowerkstatt bei seinem Vater

Logic of reasoning: Option number three sounds rather illogical - in the first two options the emphasis is on the country - Deutschland or USA; most likely, one of them will be correct. But in the third option, as in the second, there is the word “groß”, perhaps this is where they wanted to catch you. Therefore, when listening, even if individual words are not clear, or synonyms are used in the text (for example, Produzent instead of Hersteller, or Unternehmen instead of Konzern), we pay attention to a) the country, b) the place - the manufacturing plant or workshop. This approach saves a lot of time and allows you to concentrate!

The main thing is to concentrate on listening and carefully transfer the correct options to the answer form! The announcers will read the text clearly, twice, even if some word remains unclear, do not panic, the task can certainly be solved without this word! And - we gain time to read the questions using a little trick, which was already mentioned above.

2. Reading

In the first task, you will need to choose matches between small texts (5-6 lines in volume) and headings for them. One heading will be redundant, so the exam authors deliberately formulate them so that it seems as if two headings fit one text. Think about where the catch is and why one of two similar options is incorrect.

Success strategy: First, quickly read the questions with answers, then the text! When reading a text, we don’t try to understand word for word and translate every sentence - we catch the meaning! We look at where the words and phrases from the questions are found in the text and what is said about each of the questions. Maybe the answer to the first question is found only in the second paragraph of the text, and you’ve already been reading the second sentence from the first paragraph for five minutes in the third round - in vain! Therefore, it is important to first familiarize yourself with the questions, and only then start reading the text itself.

3. Grammar and vocabulary

For example, given the sentence: Wo die Traumziele der Deutschen liegen, _________ man auf den Landeskarten des neu erschienenen Reiseführers „Destination 2013“ von Marco Polo sehen.
And next to this sentence there is a verb KÖNNEN, which must be inserted in place of the blank in the correct form. The man bit already indicates to us that the correct answer would be kann.

For example, given the following sentence: Auch die ____________ Journalisten haben über die letzten Wahlen im Busndestag berichtet.
And next to it is the word FRANKREICH, from which we will first make an adjective Französisch(because there is already a noun in our phrase - Journalisten), and then we will put this adjective in the required form - Französischen.

Success strategy: correctly and clearly, in accordance with the standards, enter your answers from part B into the answer form! Pay special attention to the spelling of ü, ö, ä and ß - for this you should read the instructions in advance! When preparing for the exam, you should also intensively review grammar - declension of nouns and adjectives, endings, plurals, exceptions to the rules (since they are most often caught!), tense forms of verbs (especially in the past tense).

4. Letter

The first task of this part (C1) is writing. Letters can be formal (official letters to strangers) and informal (letters to friends or acquaintances, postcards). They differ from each other, first of all, in their design: we will start a friendly letter with an informal greeting, we will address you as “you,” and we will also end informally. In this task, you will most likely be asked to write a response to a letter from a friend or acquaintance from Germany (or a postcard). In this case, the task, of course, will indicate what you will have to mention in your letter (for example, ask in more detail about an event, ask several questions on a certain topic, etc.)

Success strategy: It’s worth learning standard greeting and farewell phrases in advance, paying special attention to commas (in German, punctuation rules are different from Russian!). It is very important to follow the structure suggested by the examiners - if the task says that you need to ask three questions on the topic at the end, then you need to ask three questions, not five or two. And always on topic, in this case questions like “How are you?” and "What's new?" will not be taken into account.

Here is an example of how you can start and end a letter:

Hallo Anna, / Liebe Anna,

Danke für deinen letzten Brief und die Postkarte aus Berlin.
Hat mich sehr gefreut zu erfahren, dass…
…
Freue mich bald von dir zu hören!

Viele Grüße / Liebe Grüße
Lena Iwanowa

Success strategy: At home, be sure to practice writing argumentative texts on various topics. Just come up with theses on completely different topics (German: “You can’t live in the modern world without knowing German,” the Internet: “Online learning opens a new era in education,” sports, and so on) and find arguments for and against in German. Having written such an essay ten times, firstly, you don’t waste time organizing the text and selecting introductory phrases (because you already know by heart where you will start and how you will finish), and secondly, in general you will find arguments for and against faster. It is important to remember: there simply won’t be time to write the entire text first completely on a draft, and then rewrite it into a clean copy without errors! Therefore, in the draft we write only a sketch (plan) + the main arguments for and against, without introductory phrases!

The introductory phrases should come naturally after you write a test essay ten times. During such training, a set of phrases will be developed that can be used as a framework when writing any text of this type.

For example, you can start an essay by restating the question from the assignment in your own words and asking a rhetorical question like Stimmt das wirklich so?

The main part can be built using introductory phrases and constructions:

Erstens, … Zweitens, … Drittens, …
Einerseits….. Andererseits…… Außerdem….
Dafür spricht die Tatsache, dass… Dagegen spricht, dass…
Ein Argument dafür ist….. Ein Argument dagegen ist /wäre, dass….

Counterarguments can be preceded by a rhetorical question like Was spricht gegen….? or introductory words and constructions andererseits, eine andere Meinung ist /wäre, dagegen spricht die Tatsache, dass… and others.

Having listed, say, three arguments for and two arguments against, you need to weigh the pros and cons: Wenn man die Vorteile und Nachteile vergleicht, kann man sehen, dass...- and express your opinion: Meiner Meinung nach, …. /Ich bin der Meinung, dass… / Ich bin davon überzeugt, dass…

And the last paragraph is the conclusion: Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, dass… / Zum Schluss möchte ich betonen, dass…

Lyubov Mutovkina, Deutsch-online

Reading time: 12 minutes. Views 952 Published 05/18/2018

How to prepare for the Unified State Exam in German, what to pay attention to, what main sections of the exams and task options there will be and how to solve them all with excellence. Our practical tips will help you score the highest score and develop the right strategy when preparing.

The Unified State Exam (Unified State Exam) in German consists of four sections:

• Listening
• Reading
  
• Grammar and vocabulary
• Letter

Previously, graduates also passed the oral part (Speaking) after a written exam, where they had to conduct a dialogue one-on-one with a teacher from another school, as well as present a detailed monologue on a proposed topic. Subsequently, the oral part of the Unified State Exam was canceled, and today’s exam consists of only the four above-mentioned parts.

The tasks of the Unified State Exam are divided into 3 categories - A, B and C.

Tasks Part A represent the so-called multiple choice, where three or four answer options are offered for each question, and from the proposed options you need to choose the correct one.

Part B somewhat more complicated, there may be tasks of two main types: a) fill in the gaps in the text, putting the proposed option in the correct grammatical form; b) given, for example, six texts and seven headings for them - you need to find the extra one and correlate the remaining ones with each other. Here the answers are already given, you just need to put them in the correct grammatical form, or correlate the answers with the questions, discarding the extra option.

Part C- this is already aerobatics, here you need to compose a coherent structured text yourself, using grammar and vocabulary correctly.

The total exam time is 180 minutes.

It sounds scary. But in reality this is not the case. There are certain tricks to better cope with each type of task and save time. Below we will look at what tasks can be found in each part and how best to solve them.

Listening

This part mainly tests how well you understand German by ear. The announcer will repeat each task twice with a pause of about 15 seconds.

Success strategy: skim through the assignment questions to the text and answers before listening! At a time when in Russian they will say “Now you will complete listening tasks. Each text will be read twice…” you don’t have to listen to this, but read the tasks themselves!

So, instead of the required 20 seconds, you will have several times more time to read the questions and answer options. Sometimes, even before hearing the text, you can assume that one of the options is incorrect, because it simply sounds too illogical.

If you have two similar options that differ from each other in one small detail, pay attention to this detail - perhaps this is where the authors of the task wanted to catch you!

Example:Wo wollte Peter nach seinem Studium arbeiten?

• bei einem Automobilhersteller in Germany
• bei einem großem Autokonzern in den USA
• in der Großen Autowerkstatt bei seinem Vater

Logic of reasoning: Option number three sounds rather illogical - in the first two options the emphasis is on the country - Deutschland or USA, most likely, one of them will be correct. But in the third option, as in the second, there is the word “groß”, perhaps this is where they wanted to catch you.

Therefore, when listening, even if individual words are not clear, or the text uses synonyms (for example, Produzent instead of Hersteller, or Unternehmen instead of Konzern), we pay attention to a) country, b) place - manufacturing plant or workshop. This approach saves a lot of time and allows you to concentrate!

You will also be given several statements to listen to, which you will need to correlate with headings or topics. Then a dialogue will sound, to which you will be offered tasks to choose from according to the principle richtig / falsch / steht nicht im Text. And at the end there will be an interview, followed by 9-10 questions, where out of three answer options you will need to choose one correct one.

Note! The main thing is to concentrate on listening and carefully transfer the correct options to the answer form! The announcers will read the text clearly, twice, even if some word remains unclear, do not panic, the task can certainly be solved without this word! And - we gain time to read the questions using a little trick, which was already mentioned above.

Reading

This section will test whether you can understand the written text well, which is already clear from the title of this part. Most people perceive written text easier than listening, so everyone can cope with this part of the exam without any problems.

In the first task, you will need to choose matches between small texts (5-6 lines in volume) and headings for them. One heading will be redundant, so the exam authors deliberately formulate them so that it seems as if two headings fit one text. Think about where the catch is and why one of two similar options is incorrect.

Success strategy: First, quickly read the questions with answers, then the text! When reading a text, we don’t try to understand word for word and translate every sentence – we catch the meaning! We look at where words and phrases from the questions are found in the text and what is said about each question

Maybe the answer to the first question is found only in the second paragraph of the text, and you’ve already been reading the second sentence from the first paragraph for five minutes in the third round - in vain! Therefore, it is important to first familiarize yourself with the questions, and only then start reading the text itself.

Grammar and vocabulary

Everything is simple here - no tricks, minimum interpretation, maximum pure knowledge of grammar and understanding of vocabulary. In tasks B4-B10, sentences and words to them will be given, which must be inserted into the gaps in the correct grammatical form.

For example, given the sentence: Wo die Traumziele der Deutschen liegen, _________ man auf den Landeskarten des neu erschienenen Reiseführers „Destination 2013“ von Marco Polo sehen.
And next to this sentence there is a verb KÖNNEN, which must be inserted in place of the blank in the correct form. The man bit already indicates to us that the correct answer would be kann.

Tasks B11-B16 are similar to the previous ones, with the difference that you first need to transform the word: for example, make a verb with the same root from a noun (Arbeit - arbeiten, aufmerksam - Aufmerksamkeit, Frankreich - französisch, etc.), and then in the desired grammatically insert this word into a sentence.

For example, given the following sentence: Auch die ____________ Journalisten haben über die letzten Wahlen im Busndestag berichtet. And next to it is the word FRANKREICH, from which we will first make an adjective Französisch(because there is already a noun in our phrase - Journalisten), and then we will put this adjective in the required form - Französischen.

Finally, in the “grammar” part, there will be a few fairly simple questions from part A, where you will need to choose the correct one from four options in a text with gaps (again, multiple choice).

Success strategy: correctly and clearly, in accordance with the standards, enter your answers from part B into the answer form! Pay special attention to the spelling of ü, ö, ä and ß - for this you should read the instructions in advance!

When preparing for the exam, you should also intensively review grammar - the declination of nouns and adjectives, endings, plurals, exceptions to the rules (since they are most often caught!), tense forms of verbs (especially in the past tense).

Letter

The written part consists of two tasks, where you will have the chance to demonstrate your level of German language proficiency in all its glory.

Here the text you have written will be checked for compliance with the requirements specified in the assignment - volume, topic, structure. In addition, the choice of vocabulary and grammatical structures is very important! Mistakes will reduce your score, so it’s better to write less but better.

The first task of this part (C1) is writing. Letters can be formal (official letters to strangers) and informal (letters to friends or acquaintances, postcards). They differ from each other, first of all, in their design: we will start a friendly letter with an informal greeting, we will address ourselves as “you,” and we will also end informally.

In this task, you will most likely be asked to write a response to a letter from a friend or acquaintance from Germany (or a postcard). In this case, the task, of course, will indicate what you will have to mention in your letter (for example, ask in more detail about an event, ask several questions on a certain topic, etc.)

Success strategy: It’s worth learning standard greeting and farewell phrases in advance, paying special attention to commas (in German, punctuation rules are different from Russian!).

Very important: follow the structure suggested by the examiners - if the task says that at the end you need to ask three questions on the topic, then you need to ask three questions, not five or two. And always on topic, in this case questions like “How are you?” and "What's new?" will not be taken into account.

Here is an example of how you can start and end a letter:

Hallo Anna, / Liebe Anna,

Danke für deinen letzten Brief und die Postkarte aus Berlin.
Hat mich sehr gefreut zu erfahren, dass…
…
Freue mich bald von dir zu hören!

Viele Grüße / Liebe Grüße
Lena Iwanowa

In the second task of the written part of C2, you will need to write a detailed statement (essentially, a mini-essay or essay) on the proposed topic. Here it will be taken into account how logically and structured you present your thoughts and arguments - of course, in German.

It is very important to adhere to the volume and structure proposed by the examiners, such as: introduction, main part (arguments for and against, your personal opinion), conclusion.

Success strategy: At home, be sure to practice writing argumentative texts on various topics. Just come up with theses on completely different topics (German: « You can’t live without knowing German in the modern world,” Internet: “Online learning opens a new era in education,” sports, etc.) and find arguments for and against in German.

Having written such an essay ten times, firstly, you don’t waste time organizing the text and selecting introductory phrases (because you already know by heart where you will start and how you will finish), and secondly, in general you will find arguments for and against faster.

Important to remember: There simply won’t be time to write the entire text first completely on a draft, and then rewrite it into a clean copy without errors! Therefore, in the draft we write only a sketch (plan) + the main arguments for and against, without introductory phrases!

The introductory phrases should come naturally after you write a test essay ten times. During such training, a set of phrases will be developed that can be used as a framework when writing any text of this type.

For example, you can start an essay by restating the question from the assignment in your own words and asking a rhetorical question like Stimmt das wirklich so?

The main part can be built using introductory phrases and constructions:

• Erstens, … Zweitens, … Drittens, …
  
• Einerseits….. Anererseits…… Außerdem….
  
• Dafür spricht die Tatsache, dass… Dagegen spricht, dass…
  
• Ein Argument dafür ist….. Ein Argument dagegen ist /wäre, dass….

Note! Counterarguments can be preceded by a rhetorical question like Was spricht gegen….? or introductory words and constructions andererseits, eine andere Meinung ist /wäre, dagegen spricht die Tatsache, dass… and others.

Having listed, say, three arguments for and two arguments against, you need to weigh the pros and cons: Wenn man die Vorteile und Nachteile vergleicht, kann man sehen, dass…– and express your opinion: Meiner Meinung nach, …. /Ich bin der Meinung, dass… / Ich bin davon überzeugt, dass…

And the last paragraph is the conclusion: Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, dass… / Zum Schluss möchte ich betonen, dass…

Important: a clear structure will allow you not to be distracted from the main idea and not “spill water”, and also save time on logical transitions. 80 minutes are allotted for the written part, so it is important to properly distribute this time and effort: for example, allocate 20-30 minutes for writing (20 minutes for preparation and drafting, 10 minutes for writing on the final copy).

You should spend more time on the essay, say 40-50 minutes (20-25 minutes for preparation and rough draft, 10 minutes for writing on the final copy). In the remaining five minutes of the total time, it is worth re-reading what you have written and correcting mistakes that caught your eye after one reading.

The Unified State Exam in German is rarely required for admission. All linguistic specialties readily accept results in English as an alternative. The written part of the exam will take place on June 19; you can take the oral part on the 9th or 13th if you wish.

This exam is usually chosen by students of language schools where German is the main language studied. It would seem that in this case everything should be fine with his knowledge. But expectations do not always correspond to reality. And then the intensive search for ready-made answers to the Unified State Exam begins.

Every year, a wave of pre-exam panic grips graduates and search engines begin to burst with the number of requests for “ready-made answers to the Unified State Exam in German”, “find ready-made answers to the Unified State Exam”, “Unified State Exam solutions” and other variations. So where can you get them and how helpful will they be? Let's figure it out.

Unified State Examination tasks: what you can find answers to

When deciding to actively search for answers, do not lose sight of the main feature of the Unified State Exam in German: it has an oral part. It is, of course, optional, but it is included in the final score, so without it your score will not be higher than 80.

The written part includes standard blocks of tasks for language Unified State Examinations:

• listening;
• reading;
• grammar and vocabulary;
• letter.

If, in the case of the first three points, ready-made answers can really help you, because you only need to enter a number or a word in the answer forms, then problems will begin with the letter. Copying a finished essay as a carbon copy is extremely dangerous. If suddenly someone else decides to use the same answers, you will be instantly exposed. And attempts to reformulate the text will require your knowledge of the German language - in some articles and cases you can get so confused that the examiner will not be able to understand your idea.

Moreover, in the test part it is also dangerous not to try to understand the tasks at all. Maybe your answers are not at all suitable for the tasks given, and you won’t even know because you were too lazy to carefully read the texts or try to listen to the listening test. So you can’t do without knowing German at all.

Where to download ready-made answers to the Unified State Exam in German

The range of sources of answers is extremely wide - you will be offered them by various websites, groups on social networks, and perhaps even desperate graduates like you who are already lucky enough to find something.

Can they be trusted? It is very doubtful, because it is completely unclear where the answers could come from. If decisions are provided in advance, assuring that this is information from “an insider” at FIPI, Rosobrnadzor or some other organization, you should not believe it. If there really was a data leak, the Unified State Exam results may be canceled altogether.

There is another scenario - they promise to send the answers a few hours before the Unified State Exam, when the KIMs in the Far East are printed. Of course, they can actually send them to you, but there is one problem - the CMMs are different in all regions, so in the end this will not help you in any way.

In fact, scammers who want to sell you answers can come up with a hundred more versions of where they got such valuable information. But most likely, all this will only be an attempt to lure money out of you. However, they will not give any guarantees. Therefore, it is better not to wait for a miracle, but to try again to solve the test versions of the Unified State Exam while you still have time.

On June 7, 2018, it became finally clear that the mandatory Unified State Examination in foreign languages ​​will be held in 2022, no matter what. During the Direct Line with President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin a 9th grade graduate from Lobnya asked a question about the introduction of two compulsory exams in 11th grade, the head of state forwarded the question to the Minister of Education Olga Vasilyeva.

From her quite substantive answer, it became clear that the decision to introduce a compulsory Unified State Exam in foreign languages ​​was finally made. About the mandatory history exam, the introduction of which in 2020 the minister personally announced several times in various media, she answered evasively, saying that this issue is still being discussed.

Exactly one month later the information portal newspapers "Izvestia" invited to a press conference the Head of FIPI Oksana Reshetnikova, chief developer of testing and measuring materials for the Unified State Examination of a specialized exam in foreign languages Maria Verbitskaya and Deputy Head of the Department of Foreign Languages ​​at the National Research University Higher School of Economics Irina Rezanova. This was also a fateful moment, since they described in some detail what the updated Unified State Examination in foreign languages ​​would look like.

The main points of the press conference with the developers of the Unified State Exam in foreign languages:

1. The Unified State Examination in foreign languages ​​will have two levels of difficulty: basic and specialized. Analogies with the mandatory Unified State Examination in mathematics are quite appropriate. Each graduate will be able to choose the difficulty level.

2. The basic level of the Unified State Exam will be in the range from A2+ to B1. Profile exam – up to level B2. This refers to the 6 levels of foreign language proficiency approved by the Council of Europe. B2 just corresponds to 100 points on the profile Unified State Examination in a foreign language.

3. The profile exam will be fully consistent with the existing exam. The developers do not plan any changes to either the tasks or the minimum score threshold.

4. The basic Unified State Exam in a foreign language will correspond to the basic level of knowledge in this subject. The greatest attention will be paid to speech practice: listening, reading, speaking, as well as language competence (language knowledge and skills).

5. VPR-2018 in foreign languages ​​- these are the real tasks that will be on the basic Unified State Exam. In order to understand what the demo version of the basic level of the Unified State Exam in a foreign language will look like, just look at the demo version of the All-Russian Test Work (All-Russian Test Work) for 11 grades on the FIPI website. The developers have officially confirmed that the demo version of the FIPI VPR in foreign languages ​​is the prototype of the future basic Unified State Exam.

The basic Unified State Examination in German (as well as in other foreign languages) will consist of two parts - oral and written. Each part is checked and evaluated separately. In 2018, 11th grade students can complete either both parts or just the written part if they wish. The oral part of the exam is carried out using special equipment. The duration of the entire exam is 1 hour (60 minutes).

Unified State Examination in German Less than one percent of schoolchildren take the elective test. It is significantly inferior in popularity to English, and yet ranks second among the language Unified State Exams. It is equal in difficulty to other language exams and consists of the same sections: listening; reading; grammar and vocabulary; letter; speaking (optional). The graduate must complete 44 assignments: 40 written and 4 oral assignments. The written part is allotted 180 minutes (3 hours). The oral part, which is taken on another day, takes 15 minutes. In case of refusal of the oral part, the graduate will not be able to score more than 80 points.

Learn general information about the exam and start preparing. Testing and measuring materials did not change in 2019, but the passing score increased: from 20 to 22.

Unified State Examination

You are guaranteed to pass the exam if you correctly answer at least 17 questions from section 3 or sections 2 and 3. This earns you 17 primary points, that is, when translated into test questions - 22 points. In order to convert the result into a five-point system, please refer to our table.

Structure of the Unified State Exam written test

In 2019, the written part of the test consists of four sections, including 40 tasks.

• Section 1: Listening (1–9), answers to tasks are a number or a sequence of numbers.
• Section 2: Reading (10–18), the answers to the tasks are a number or a sequence of numbers.
• Section 3: Grammar and Vocabulary (19–38), the answer to the task is a number, a word or several words written without spaces or punctuation.
• Section 4: Writing (39–40), consists of two tasks - writing a personal letter and a statement with elements of reasoning.

Preparation for the Unified State Exam

• Take the Unified State Exam tests online for free without registration or SMS. The tests presented are identical in complexity and structure to the actual exams conducted in the corresponding years.

• Download demo versions of the Unified State Exam in German, which will allow you to better prepare for the exam and pass it easier. All proposed tests have been developed and approved for preparation for the Unified State Exam by the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI). All official versions of the Unified State Exam are developed in the same FIPI.
  The tasks you will see most likely will not appear on the exam, but there will be tasks similar to the demo ones on the same topic.

General Unified State Examination figures