A unified electronic database of citizens evacuated from besieged Leningrad. Siege of Leningrad: survivors in hell
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25.04.2007 21:21
April 25, Minsk /Yulia Podleshchuk - BELTA/. The solemn ceremony of transferring 12 volumes of the Memory Books “Leningrad. Siege. 1941-1944” and “They Survived the Siege” to the museum for eternal storage, as well as a memorable meeting of members of the Minsk city public organization “Defenders and Residents of Siege Leningrad”, war veterans and siege survivors took place today at the Belarusian State Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War.
As the chairman of the organization “Defenders and Residents of Siege Leningrad” Mark Bayrashevsky told a BELTA correspondent, the books are published in St. Petersburg on the initiative of the International Association of Public Organizations of Siege Survivors of the Hero City of Leningrad. The weight of one volume is about 5 kg.
The volumes donated to the Minsk Museum are a printed version of an electronic database collected in recent years: the names of the victims, indicating the places of their burials during the siege of the city on the Neva, as well as addresses and other information about the survivors of this tragedy. Copies of documents were taken from electronic Memory Books, which are currently located at the Peskarevskoye cemetery in St. Petersburg, where the siege survivors are buried.
"Books of memory" Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944" and "They survived the blockade" have great national and historical value," noted Mark Bayrashevsky. According to Mark Bayrashevsky, Memory Books from St. Petersburg are in demand among visitors to the Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War. Thanks to them, relatives find the burial places of the dead Leningraders.
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Blockade, 1941-1944. Leningrad: Book of Memory.
In 36 volumes / [editorial: prev. Shcherbakov V.N. and others]. - St. Petersburg: Notabene, 1998.
Book of memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941 - 1944" - a printed version of an electronic data bank about residents of Leningrad who died during the blockade of the city by Nazi troops during the Great Patriotic War.
Preparations for the release of the Book of Memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941 -1944" was carried out simultaneously with the creation of the Book of Memory of fallen Leningrad soldiers - on the 50th anniversary of the victory of our people in the Great Patriotic War. The boundless courage, resilience and highest sense of duty of the residents of besieged Leningrad are rightfully equated with the military feat of the city’s defenders.
The documentary basis of the Book of Memory is information provided by numerous archives. These include the Central State Archives of St. Petersburg, the State City and Regional Archives and the archives of the district registry offices of St. Petersburg, the archive of city cemeteries, as well as the archives of various institutions, organizations, enterprises, educational institutions, etc.
Memorial records about the deceased are arranged in alphabetical order and contain the following information: last name, first name, patronymic of the deceased, year of birth, place of residence (at the time of death), date of death and place of burial.
The territorial borders of the Book are a large blockade ring: the cities of Leningrad, Kronstadt, part of the Slutsk, Vsevolozhsk and Pargolovsky districts of the Leningrad region - and a small blockade ring: the Oranienbaum bridgehead.
It includes information about civilians who died during the blockade of these territories. Among them, along with the indigenous population of the named places, are numerous refugees from Karelia, the Baltic states and remote areas of the Leningrad region occupied by the enemy.
Chronological scope of the Book of Memory: September 8, 1941 - January 27, 1944. The first date is the tragic day the blockade began. On this day, enemy troops cut the city's land communications with the country. The second date is the day of complete liberation from the blockade. Information about civilians whose lives were cut short during the period indicated by these dates is included in the Book of Memory.
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The list of Leningrad residents presented here who died during the siege of the city by Nazi troops during the Great Patriotic War is an analogue of the Book of Memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944".
The placement of this list in the Consolidated Database is the result of cooperation between the All-Russian Information and Retrieval Center "Fatherland" and Prince Vladimir Cathedral of St. Petersburg, where the All-Russian Memorial was created in 2008.
The list contains 629 081
record. Of these, 586,334 people have a known place of residence, and 318,312 people have a known place of burial.
An electronic version of the book is also available on the website project "Returned Names" Russian National Library and in the Generalized Computer Data Bank of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation OBD "Memorial" .
About the printed book:
Book of memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944". In 35 volumes. 1996-2008 Circulation 250 copies.
Government of St. Petersburg.
Chairman of the Editorial Board V.N. Shcherbakov
Head of the working group for the creation of the Book of Memory Shapovalov V.L.
The electronic data bank for the Book of Memory is provided by the archives of the State Institution “Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery”.
FROM THE EDITORIAL BOARD
Book of memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944" - a printed version of an electronic data bank about residents of Leningrad who died during the blockade of the city by Nazi troops during the Great Patriotic War.
Preserving the memory of every deceased resident of the hero city, be it a person of mature years, a teenager or a young child, is the task of this publication.
Preparations for the release of the Book of Memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944”, the formation of a data bank about civilians who died during the blockade was carried out simultaneously with the creation of the Book of Memory of fallen Leningrad military personnel - on the 50th anniversary of the victory of our people in the Great Patriotic War. The boundless courage, resilience and highest sense of duty of the residents of besieged Leningrad are rightfully equated with the military feat of the city’s defenders.
The losses of Leningrad during the siege were enormous; they amounted to over 600 thousand people. The volume of the printed martyrology is 35 volumes.
The documentary basis of the electronic Book of Memory, as well as its printed version, is information provided by numerous archives. These include the Central State Archives of St. Petersburg, the State City and Regional Archives and the archives of the district registry offices of St. Petersburg, the archive of city cemeteries, as well as the archives of various institutions, organizations, enterprises, educational institutions, etc.
The work on collecting and systematizing documentary data was carried out by working groups created under the administrations of 24 districts of St. Petersburg (the territorial division of the city at the beginning of the work on collecting information in 1992). Participants in the search groups worked in close collaboration with the initiators of the creation of the Book of Memory - members of the city society “Residents of Besieged Leningrad” and its regional branches. These groups conducted surveys of citizens at their place of residence, organized meetings and conversations with residents of besieged Leningrad, with front-line soldiers in order to collect missing information or clarify existing data. The surviving house registration books were carefully studied everywhere.
Great contribution to the preparation of materials for the Book of Memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944" was contributed by research staff of the Museum at the Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery and the Museum "Monument to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad" (a branch of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg).
The editorial board has received and continues to receive many letters and statements with information about those who died in the siege of Leningrad from all republics, territories, regions of the Russian Federation, from near and far abroad countries through the International Association of Siege Survivors of the Hero City of Leningrad.
Territorial borders of the Book of Memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944" - a large blockade ring: the cities of Leningrad, Kronstadt, part of the Slutsk, Vsevolozhsk and Pargolovsky districts of the Leningrad region - and a small blockade ring: the Oranienbaum bridgehead.
The Book of Memory includes information about the civilians of these territories who died during the siege. Among them, along with the indigenous population of the named places, are numerous refugees from Karelia, the Baltic states and remote areas of the Leningrad region occupied by the enemy.
Chronological scope of the Book of Memory: September 8, 1941 - January 27, 1944. The first date is the tragic day the blockade began. On this day, enemy troops cut the city's land communications with the country. The second date is the day of complete liberation from the blockade. Information about civilians whose lives were cut short during the period indicated by these dates is included in the Book of Memory.
Memorial records for the deceased are arranged in alphabetical order by last name. These records, identical in form, contain the following information: last name, first name, patronymic of the deceased, year of birth, place of residence (at the time of death), date of death and place of burial.
Not all records have the complete composition of this data. There are also those where only isolated, sometimes scattered and fragmentary information about the dead has been preserved. In the conditions of the front city, during the months of mass death of residents, it was not possible to organize the registration of all the dead in the prescribed manner, with the recording of data about them in proper completeness. During the most difficult months of the blockade, the winter of 1941-1942, almost no individual burials took place. During this period, mass burials were carried out in cemeteries, trench burials near medical institutions, hospitals, enterprises, and in vacant lots. By decision of the city authorities, cremation was organized in the furnaces of the Izhora plant and Brick plant No. 1. For these reasons, about half of the memorial records indicate that the burial site is unknown. More than half a century after the end of the war, it turned out to be impossible to restore this data.
Variant information about the deceased is given in oblique brackets. Information whose reliability is questionable is indicated by a question mark in parentheses. Scattered and fragmentary information about the place of residence is enclosed in angle brackets.
The names of settlements located outside the city, their administrative affiliation, the names of the streets in them, as well as the names of the streets of Leningrad are indicated as of 1941-1944.
Everyone who happens to refer to the Book of Memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944", please keep the following in mind. Errors are possible in non-Russian names. Errors of this kind are marked either by a question mark in parentheses or by indicating the correct forms in oblique brackets. Only obvious letter errors have been corrected.
In the Book of Memory there are entries that can be attributed to the same person. These records most often differ only in information about the place of residence of the deceased. This has its own explanation: the person was registered at one address and lived permanently, but ended up at another due to the tragic circumstances of the blockade. None of these paired entries can be excluded due to insufficient documentary evidence.
The Book of Remembrance uses generally accepted and generally understandable abbreviations.
Anyone who has any information about those who died in the siege ring, please contact the editorial board at the address: 195273, St. Petersburg, Nepokorennykh Ave., 72, State Institution “Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery.” Book of memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944".
STORIES OF CHILDREN OF BLOCKED LENINGRAD
On November 22, 1941, during the siege of Leningrad, an ice route across Lake Ladoga began to operate. Thanks to her, many children were able to evacuate. Before this, some of them went through orphanages: some of their relatives died, and some of them disappeared at work for days on end.
“At the beginning of the war, we probably didn’t realize that our childhood, family, and happiness would someday be destroyed. But we felt it almost immediately,” says Valentina Trofimovna Gershunina, who in 1942, at nine years old, was taken from orphanage in Siberia. Listening to the stories of survivors who grew up during the siege, you understand: having managed to save their lives, they lost their childhood. These guys had to do too many “adult” things while real adults were fighting - at the front or at the work benches.
Several women who once managed to be taken out of besieged Leningrad told us their stories. Stories about stolen childhoods, losses and life - against all odds.
"We saw grass and started eating it like cows"
The story of Irina Konstantinovna Potravnova
Little Ira lost her mother, brother and gift during the war. “I had perfect pitch. I managed to study at a music school,” says Irina Konstantinovna. “They wanted to take me to school at the conservatory without exams, they told me to come in September. And in June the war began.”
Irina Konstantinovna was born into an Orthodox family: her father was a regent in the church, and her mother sang in the choir. At the end of the 1930s, my father began working as the chief accountant of a technological institute. They lived in two-story wooden houses on the outskirts of the city. There were three children in the family, Ira was the youngest, she was called the stump. Dad died a year before the start of the war. And before his death he told his wife: “Just take care of your son.” The son died first - back in March. The wooden houses burned down during the bombing, and the family went to relatives. “Dad had an amazing library, and we could only take the most necessary things. We packed two large suitcases,” says Irina Konstantinovna. “It was a cold April. As if upstairs we felt that there should be frost. We wouldn’t have been able to pull it out in the slush at all. And On the way, our cards were stolen."
April 5, 1942 was Easter, and Irina Konstantinovna’s mother went to the market to buy at least duranda, the seed pulp left after pressing the oil. She returned with a fever and never got up again.
So the sisters, aged eleven and fourteen, were left alone. To get at least some cards, they had to go to the city center - otherwise no one would have believed that they were still alive. On foot - there has been no transport for a long time. And slowly - because there was no strength. It took three days to get there. And their cards were stolen again - all but one. The girls gave it away so that they could somehow bury their mother. After the funeral, the older sister went to work: fourteen-year-old children were already considered “adults.” Irina came to the orphanage, and from there to the orphanage. “We parted on the street and didn’t know anything about each other for a year and a half,” she says.
Irina Konstantinovna remembers the feeling of constant hunger and weakness. Children, ordinary children who wanted to jump, run and play, could barely move - like old women.
“Once on a walk I saw painted hopscotch books,” she says. “I wanted to jump. I got up, but I couldn’t tear my legs off! I’m standing there, that’s all. And I look at the teacher and I can’t understand what’s wrong with me. And Tears are flowing. She told me: “Don’t cry, honey, then you’ll jump.”
In the Yaroslavl region, where children were evacuated, collective farmers were ready to give them anything - it was so painful to look at the bony, emaciated children. There was just nothing special to give. “We saw grass and started eating it like cows. We ate everything we could,” says Irina Konstantinovna. “By the way, no one got sick with anything.” At the same time, little Ira learned that she had lost her hearing due to the bombing and stress. Forever.
Irina Konstantinovna
There was a piano in the school. I ran up to him and realized that I couldn’t play. The teacher came. She says: "What are you doing, girl?" I answer: the piano here is out of tune. She told me: “You don’t understand anything!” I'm in tears. I don’t understand, I know everything, I have an absolute ear for music...
Irina Konstantinovna
There were not enough adults, it was difficult to look after the children, and Irina, as a diligent and smart girl, was made a teacher. She took the children to the fields to earn workdays. “We were spreading flax, we had to fulfill the norm - 12 acres per person. It was easier to spread the curly flax, but after the long-lasting flax, all our hands festered,” recalls Irina Konstantinovna. “Because the little hands were still weak, with scratches.” So - in work, hunger, but safety - she lived for more than three years.
At the age of 14, Irina was sent to rebuild Leningrad. But she had no documents, and during the medical examination, the doctors wrote down that she was 11 - the girl looked so undeveloped in appearance. So, already in her hometown, she almost ended up in an orphanage again. But she managed to find her sister, who by that time was studying at a technical school.
Irina Konstantinovna
They didn’t hire me because I was supposedly 11 years old. Do you need anything? I went to the dining room to wash dishes and peel potatoes. Then they made me documents and went through the archives. Within a year we got settled
Irina Konstantinovna
Then there were eight years of work at a confectionery factory. In the post-war city, this made it possible to sometimes eat defective, broken candies. Irina Konstantinovna fled from there when they decided to promote her along the party line. “I had a wonderful leader who said: “Look, you are being trained to become a shop manager.” I said: “Help me get away.” I thought that I should be ready for the party.”
Irina Konstantinovna “ran away” to the Geological Institute, and then traveled a lot on expeditions to Chukotka and Yakutia. “On the way” she managed to get married. She has more than half a century of happy marriage behind her. “I’m very happy with my life,” says Irina Konstantinovna. But she never had the opportunity to play the piano again.
“I thought that Hitler was the Serpent Gorynych”
The story of Regina Romanovna Zinovieva
“On June 22, I was in kindergarten,” says Regina Romanovna. “We went for a walk, and I was in the first pair. And it was very honorable, they gave me a flag... We went out proud, suddenly a woman runs, all disheveled, and shouts: “ War, Hitler attacked us!" And I thought that it was the Serpent Gorynych who attacked and fire was coming from his mouth..."
Then five-year-old Regina was very upset that she never walked with the flag. But very soon “Serpent Gorynych” interfered in her life much more strongly. Dad went to the front as a signalman, and soon he was taken away in a “black funnel” - they took him immediately upon returning from the mission, without even allowing him to change clothes. His last name was German - Hindenberg. The girl stayed with her mother, and famine began in the besieged city.
One day Regina was waiting for her mother, who was supposed to pick her up from kindergarten. The teacher took the two delayed children outside and went to lock the doors. A woman approached the kids and offered them candy.
“We don’t see bread, there’s candy here! We really wanted to, but we were warned that we shouldn’t approach strangers. Fear won, and we ran away,” says Regina Romanovna. “Then the teacher came out. We wanted to show her this woman, but she was already the trail has disappeared." Now Regina Romanovna understands that she managed to escape from the cannibal. At that time, Leningraders, mad with hunger, stole and ate children.
The mother tried to feed her daughter as best she could. Once I invited a speculator to exchange pieces of fabric for a couple of pieces of bread. The woman, looking around, asked if there were any children's toys in the house. And just before the war, Regina was given a stuffed monkey; she was named Foka.
Regina Romanovna
I grabbed this monkey and shouted: “Take what you want, but I won’t give this one up! This is my favorite.” And she really liked it. She and my mother were tearing out my toy, and I was roaring... Taking the monkey, the woman cut off more bread - more than for the cloth
Regina Romanovna
Having already become an adult, Regina Romanovna will ask her mother: “Well, how could you take away a little child’s favorite toy?” Mom replied: “This toy may have saved your life.”
One day, while taking her daughter to kindergarten, her mother fell in the middle of the street - she no longer had the strength. She was taken to the hospital. So little Regina ended up in an orphanage. “There were a lot of people, two of us were lying in the crib. They put me with the girl, she was all swollen. Her legs were all covered in ulcers. And I said: “How can I lie with you, I’ll turn around and touch your legs, it will hurt you." And she told me: “No, they don’t feel anything anymore anyway.”
The girl did not stay in the orphanage for long - her aunt took her. And then, together with other kids from the kindergarten, she was sent for evacuation.
Regina Romanovna
When we got there, they gave us semolina porridge. Oh, that was so cute! We licked this mess, licked the plates from all sides, we hadn’t seen such food for a long time... And then we were put on a train and sent to Siberia
Regina Romanovna
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The guys were lucky: they were received very well in the Tyumen region. The children were given a former manor house - a strong, two-story one. They filled the mattresses with hay, gave them land for a garden and even a cow. The guys weeded the beds, caught fish and collected nettles for cabbage soup. After hungry Leningrad, this life seemed calm and well-fed. But, like all Soviet children of that time, they worked not only for themselves: girls from the older group cared for the wounded and washed bandages in the local hospital, boys went to logging sites with their teachers. This work was hard even for adults. And the older children in the kindergarten were only 12–13 years old.
In 1944, the authorities considered fourteen-year-old children already old enough to go to restore liberated Leningrad. “Our manager went to the regional center - part of the way on foot, partly by hitchhiking. The frost was 50-60 degrees,” recalls Regina Romanovna. “It took three days to get there to say: the children are weakened, they will not be able to work. And she defended our children - in Only seven or eight of the strongest boys were sent to Leningrad."
Regina's mother survived. By that time, she was working at a construction site and corresponded with her daughter. All that remained was to wait for victory.
Regina Romanovna
The manager wore a red crepe de Chine dress. She tore it up and hung it like a flag. It was so beautiful! So I didn’t regret it. And our boys staged a fireworks display: they blew out all the pillows and threw feathers. And the teachers didn’t even swear. And then the girls collected the feathers and made pillows for themselves, but the boys were all left without pillows. This is how we celebrated Victory Day
Regina Romanovna
The children returned to Leningrad in September 1945. That same year, we finally received the first letter from Regina Romanovna’s father. It turned out that he had been in a camp in Vorkuta for two years. Only in 1949 did mother and daughter receive permission to visit him, and a year later he was released.
Regina Romanovna has a rich pedigree: in her family there was a general who fought in 1812, and her grandmother defended the Winter Palace in 1917 as part of a women’s battalion. But nothing played such a role in her life as her German surname, inherited from her long-Russified ancestors. Because of her, she not only almost lost her father. Later, the girl was not accepted into the Komsomol, and as an adult, Regina Romanovna herself refused to join the party, although she held a decent post. Her life was happy: two marriages, two children, three grandchildren and five great-grandchildren. But she still remembers how she didn’t want to part with the monkey Foka.
Regina Romanovna
The elders told me: when the blockade began, the weather was beautiful, the sky was blue. And a cross of clouds appeared over Nevsky Prospekt. He hung for three days. This was a sign to the city: it will be incredibly difficult for you, but still you will survive
Regina Romanovna
"We were called 'pimps'
The story of Tatyana Stepanovna Medvedeva
Little Tanya’s mother called her the last one: the girl was the youngest child in a large family: she had a brother and six sisters. In 1941 she was 12 years old. “It was warm on June 22, we were going to go sunbathe and swim. And suddenly they announced that the war had started,” says Tatyana Stepanovna. “We didn’t go anywhere, everyone started crying, screaming... And my brother immediately went to the military registration and enlistment office and said: I’m going to go to fight.” .
The parents were already elderly, they did not have enough strength to fight. They died quickly: dad - in February, mom - in March. Tanya stayed at home with her nephews, who were not much different in age from her - one of them, Volodya, was only ten. The sisters were taken to defense work. Someone dug trenches, someone took care of the wounded, and one of the sisters collected dead children around the city. And the relatives were afraid that Tanya would be among them. "Raya's sister said: 'Tanya, you won't survive here alone.' The road of life."
The children were taken to the Ivanovo region, to the city of Gus-Khrustalny. And although there were no bombings and “125 blockades”, life did not become simple. Subsequently, Tatyana Stepanovna talked a lot with the same grown-up children of besieged Leningrad and realized that other evacuated children did not live so hungry. Probably it was a matter of geography: after all, the front line here was much closer than in Siberia. “When the commission arrived, we said that there was not enough food. They answered us: we give you horse-sized portions, but you still want to eat,” recalls Tatyana Stepanovna. She still remembers these “horse portions” of gruel, cabbage soup and porridge. As is the cold. The girls slept in twos: they lay down on one mattress and covered themselves with another. There was nothing else to hide with.
Siege of Leningrad: survivors in hellTatyana Stepanovna
The locals didn't like us. They called them “pimps.” Probably because, when we arrived, we began to go from house to house, asking for bread... And it was hard for them too. There was a river there, and in winter I really wanted to go ice skating. The locals gave us one skate for the whole group. Not a pair of skates - one skate. We took turns riding on one leg
Tatyana Stepanovna
Today is the Day of Lifting the Siege of Leningrad! Congratulations to everyone whose families were affected by this terrible time! Don't forget to congratulate your Leningraders! We must not forget about this! This was only 70 years ago!
The siege of Leningrad lasted exactly 871 days. This is the longest and most terrible siege of the city in the entire history of mankind. Almost 900 days of pain and suffering, courage and dedication. 
Many years after the breaking of the siege of Leningrad, many historians, and even ordinary people, wondered: could this nightmare have been avoided? Avoid - apparently not. For Hitler, Leningrad was a “tidbit” - after all, here is the Baltic Fleet and the road to Murmansk and Arkhangelsk, from where help came from the allies during the war and, if the city had surrendered, it would have been destroyed and wiped off the face of the earth. Could the situation have been mitigated and prepared for in advance? The issue is controversial and worthy of separate research.
The first days of the siege of Leningrad 
On September 8, 1941, in continuation of the offensive of the fascist army, the city of Shlisselburg was captured, thus closing the blockade ring. In the first days, few people believed in the seriousness of the situation, but many residents of the city began to thoroughly prepare for the siege: literally in a few hours all savings were withdrawn from the savings banks, the shops were empty, everything possible was bought up.
Not everyone was able to evacuate when systematic shelling began, but it began immediately, in September, the routes for evacuation were already cut off. There is an opinion that it was the fire that occurred on the first day of the siege of Leningrad at the Badaev warehouses - in the storage of the city's strategic reserves - that provoked the terrible famine of the siege days. 
However, recently declassified documents provide slightly different information: it turns out that there was no “strategic reserve” as such, since in the conditions of the outbreak of war it was impossible to create a large reserve for such a huge city as Leningrad was (and about 3 people lived in it at that time). million people) was not possible, so the city fed on imported products, and existing supplies would only last for a week. Literally from the first days of the blockade, ration cards were introduced, schools were closed, military censorship was introduced: any attachments to letters were prohibited, and messages containing decadent sentiments were confiscated. 
Siege of Leningrad - pain and death
Memories of the siege of Leningrad by people who survived it, their letters and diaries reveal to us a terrible picture. A terrible famine struck the city. Money and jewelry have lost value. The evacuation began in the fall of 1941, but only in January 1942 did it become possible to withdraw a large number of people, mainly women and children, through the Road of Life. There were huge queues at the bakeries where daily rations were distributed.
In addition to famine, besieged Leningrad was also attacked by other disasters: very frosty winters, sometimes the thermometer dropped to -40 degrees. The fuel ran out and the water pipes froze - the city was left without electricity and drinking water. Rats became another problem for the besieged city in the first winter of the siege. They not only destroyed food supplies, but also spread all kinds of infections. People died and there was no time to bury them; the corpses lay right on the streets. Cases of cannibalism and robbery appeared. 
Life of besieged Leningrad
At the same time, Leningraders tried with all their might to survive and not let their hometown die. Moreover, Leningrad helped the army by producing military products - the factories continued to operate in such conditions. Theaters and museums resumed their activities. This was necessary - to prove to the enemy, and, most importantly, to ourselves: the blockade of Leningrad will not kill the city, it continues to live! One of the striking examples of amazing dedication and love for the Motherland, life, and hometown is the story of the creation of the famous symphony of D. Shostakovich, later called “Leningrad”.
Or rather, the composer began writing it in Leningrad, and finished it in evacuation. When the score was ready, it was delivered to the besieged city. By that time, the symphony orchestra had already resumed its activities in Leningrad. On the day of the concert, so that enemy raids could not disrupt it, our artillery did not allow a single fascist plane to approach the city! During all the days of the siege, the Leningrad radio worked, which was for all Leningraders not only a life-giving spring of information, but also simply a symbol of ongoing life. 
The Road of Life is the pulse of a besieged city
From the first days of the siege, the Road of Life began its dangerous and heroic work - the pulse of besieged Leningrad. In summer there is a water route, and in winter there is an ice route connecting Leningrad with the “mainland” along Lake Ladoga. On September 12, 1941, the first barges with food arrived in the city along this route, and until late autumn, until storms made navigation impossible, barges walked along the Road of Life.
Each of their voyages was a feat - enemy aircraft constantly carried out their raids, weather conditions were often not in the sailors’ hands either - the barges continued their voyages even in late autumn, until the ice appeared, when navigation was in principle impossible. On November 20, the first horse-drawn sleigh train descended onto the ice of Lake Ladoga. A little later, trucks started driving along the ice Road of Life. The ice was very thin, despite the fact that the truck was carrying only 2-3 bags of food, the ice broke, and there were frequent cases when trucks sank.
At the risk of their lives, the drivers continued their deadly flights until spring. Military Highway No. 101, as this route was called, made it possible to increase bread rations and evacuate many people. The Germans constantly sought to break this thread connecting the besieged city with the country, but thanks to the courage and fortitude of Leningraders, the Road of Life lived on its own and gave life to the great city.
The significance of the Ladoga highway is enormous; it has saved thousands of lives. Now on the shore of Lake Ladoga there is the Road of Life Museum. 
Children's contribution to the liberation of Leningrad from the siege. Ensemble of A.E.Obrant
At all times, there is no greater grief than a suffering child. Siege children are a special topic. Having matured early, not childishly serious and wise, they, with all their strength, along with adults, brought victory closer. Children are heroes, each fate of which is a bitter echo of those terrible days. Children's dance ensemble A.E. Obranta is a special piercing note of the besieged city.
During the first winter of the siege of Leningrad, many children were evacuated, but despite this, for various reasons, many more children remained in the city. The Palace of Pioneers, located in the famous Anichkov Palace, went under martial law with the beginning of the war. 3 years before the start of the war, a Song and Dance Ensemble was created on the basis of the Palace of Pioneers. At the end of the first blockade winter, the remaining teachers tried to find their students in the besieged city, and from the children remaining in the city, choreographer A.E. Obrant created a dance group. It’s scary to even imagine and compare the terrible days of the siege and pre-war dances! But nevertheless, the ensemble was born. First, the guys had to be restored from exhaustion, only then they were able to start rehearsals.
However, already in March 1942 the first performance of the group took place. The soldiers, who had seen a lot, could not hold back their tears looking at these courageous children. Do you remember how long the siege of Leningrad lasted? So, during this considerable time, the ensemble gave about 3,000 concerts. Wherever the guys had to perform: often the concerts had to end in a bomb shelter, since several times during the evening the performances were interrupted by air raid alarms; it happened that young dancers performed several kilometers from the front line, and in order not to attract the enemy with unnecessary noise, they danced without music, and the floors were covered with hay. Strong in spirit, they supported and inspired our soldiers; the contribution of this team to the liberation of the city can hardly be overestimated. Later the guys were awarded medals "For the Defense of Leningrad". 
Breaking the blockade of Leningrad
In 1943, a turning point occurred in the war, and at the end of the year, Soviet troops were preparing to liberate the city. On January 14, 1944, during the general offensive of the Soviet troops, the final operation to lift the siege of Leningrad began. The task was to deliver a crushing blow to the enemy south of Lake Ladoga and restore the land routes connecting the city with the country. By January 27, 1944, the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts, with the help of Kronstadt artillery, broke through the blockade of Leningrad. The Nazis began to retreat. Soon the cities of Pushkin, Gatchina and Chudovo were liberated. The blockade was completely lifted.
The Siege of Leningrad is a tragic and great page in Russian history, which claimed more than 2 million human lives. As long as the memory of these terrible days lives in the hearts of people, finds a response in talented works of art, and is passed on to descendants, this will not happen again! The blockade of Leningrad was briefly but succinctly described by Vera Inberg, her lines are a hymn to the great city and at the same time a requiem for the departed. 
| It seemed like the end of the earth... But through the cooled planet The cars were heading to Leningrad: he's still alive. He's nearby somewhere. To Leningrad, to Leningrad! And they tremble, and are silent, and wait, And it was like this: all the way | A five-minute repair is nothing. This breakdown is not a threat, Yes, there’s no way to straighten your arms: they were frozen on the steering wheel. If you warm it up a little, it will bring it together again. And now - he has his hands in gasoline Forward! How the blisters ache |  |
The archives of the Pikarevsky Memorial maintain the following databases:
- Book of memory “Blockade. 1941-1944. Leningrad", in which you can find information about city residents and refugees who were hiding from the enemy in a besieged city and who died during the siege;
- Book of Memory ". Leningrad", in which you can find information about the residents of the city who endured the horrors of hunger, cold, constant enemy bombing and shelling of the besieged city;
- Book of memory “Leningrad. 1941-1945", which contains information about residents conscripted into the Armed Forces from Leningrad and killed during the Great Patriotic War.
There are also links and information about all currently existing databases of the project of the All-Russian Information and Retrieval Center "Fatherland", including the Memorial list of Leningraders evacuated from the besieged city, who died and were buried on Vologda land, given at the bottom of this page. In addition, there is a link to the list of evacuated Leningrad residents of the project of the Archives of St. Petersburg Book of Memory "Siege of Leningrad. Evacuation".
Book of memory “Blockade. 1941-1944. Leningrad"
The list of Leningrad residents presented here who died during the blockade of the city by Nazi troops during the Great Patriotic War is an analogue of the printed copy of the Book of Memory “Blockade. 1941-1944. Leningrad”, it did not include changes and additions to the lists made at the request of relatives who submitted documents that became the basis for the changes and additions.
The placement of this list in the Consolidated Database is the result of cooperation between the All-Russian Information and Retrieval Center "Fatherland" and Prince Vladimir Cathedral of St. Petersburg, where the All-Russian Memorial was created in 2008.
35 volumes of the book of memory “Blockade” were published in 1998-2006.
Book of Memory “Blockade. 1941 - 1944. Leningrad" - a tribute to the grateful memory of descendants about the great feat of Leningraders.
This book is a kind of chronicle of the history of the unconquered people, reflecting the participation of the townspeople in the defense of Leningrad and the massive sacrifices that the front city suffered in the battle for life. The book is about the suffering of millions of residents of the besieged city and those who, under the onslaught of the enemy, retreated and found refuge here.
This is not just a sad list. This is a requiem for those who forever laid down in the ground, defending their hometown.
The Book of Memory - a stern, courageous book, like a memorial plaque, has forever captured so far only 631,053 names of our fellow countrymen who died of hunger and disease, froze on the streets and in their apartments, died during shelling and bombing, and went missing in the besieged city itself. This martyrology is constantly being updated. Over the years of publication of the Book of Memory “Blockade. 1941-1944. Leningrad" received 2,670 applications to include the names of residents who died in the siege, and in preparation for the publication of the 35th volume, another 1,337 names were immortalized.
An electronic version of this Book of Memory is also presented on the website project "Returned Names" Russian National Library and in the Generalized Computer Data Bank of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation OBD “Memorial”.
Information about the printed edition of the book:
“Requiem in memory of evacuated Leningraders buried in the Vologda region during the Great Patriotic War.” Part I. A-K. Vologda, 1990; Part II. L-Y. Vologda, 1991.
Vologda State Pedagogical Institute
Northern Branch of the Archaeographic Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Vologda Regional Peace Committee and regional branch of the Soviet Peace Fund
Vologda regional branch of VOOPIK
Vologda Regional Council of War and Labor Veterans
State Museum of the History of Leningrad
The book was published with voluntary contributions from citizens of the Vologda region to the Soviet Peace Fund.
Part one of the book “Requiem” is a list of Leningrad residents (in alphabetical order A-K) who died during the evacuation period in train cars, in hospitals for evacuees, in infirmaries and hospitals, in places of settlement in the Vologda region. The compilers used materials preserved in the regional and city archives of the registry offices and the State Military District. A lot of information has been lost. Therefore, in the course of further search work, this mournful list will probably be replenished. And now it is, as it were, a personal addition to the memorial to the memory of Leningraders built in Vologda. Parts two and three are being prepared.
Compiled by: L.K. Sudakova (responsible compiler), N.I. Golikova, P.A. Kolesnikov, V.V. Sudakov, A.A. Rybakov.
Public editorial board: V.V. Sudakov (chief editor), G.A. Akinkhov, Yu.V. Babicheva, N.I. Balandin, L.A. Vasilyeva, A.F. Gorovenko, T.V. Zamaraeva, D.I. Clibson, P.A. Kolesnikov, O.A. Naumova, G.V. Shirikov.
A WORD ABOUT THE BOOK
In the end, Humanity will understand that it is a single organism, but each person is a universe, and will learn to cherish each unique individuality that makes up its unity.
Every people living on Earth seeks its destiny in Humanity, and every person - in his people. And the richer the memory of each person, the richer the life of each people and, therefore, of Humanity.
When bidding farewell to a person, those who see him off for the last minute promise him Eternal Memory. You cannot live without Memory. Lack of memory leads to forgetting past mistakes. Oblivion is catastrophic.
We think painfully about this in our declining days, passing the baton of the experience of our lives to our children. In the memory of our generation there was a Great Catastrophe of Mankind - the Second World War. It claimed millions of lives. And we, the living, do not want to be Ivans who do not remember our kinship. We want to warn the future from our bloody tragic mistakes that threaten the death of all Mankind.
Forgetting the past is shameful.
The last war was merciless, and the peoples of our Motherland suffered huge losses in this war, the best sons and daughters, selflessly in love with life and believing in its justice, died. Almost half a century has passed since our Victory, but we still have not calculated how many people we have lost in this battle for life.
Everyone who died in this war is worthy of Eternal Memory.
We, the living, have forgotten about this duty of the living to the dead.
To get rid of this duty with the grave of the Unknown Soldier is shameful, because there are not and cannot be unknown soldiers, they can be unknown only due to neglect of memory in the souls of the living, protected by the mortal feat of the dead.
The memory of the dead is a sacred matter.
And I believe that a Temple of Memory will be built on our Earth, in which the names of all those who died in the Great Patriotic War of the tragic years 1941-1945 will be kept.
This is a sacred necessity of life.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin himself bequeathed to us “love for our fathers’ tombs.” Without this love there is and cannot be any movement of life itself towards Perfection.
And I understand the essential nobility of those people who, out of their free will and understanding of their human duty to the feat of their selfless compatriots, collect their names worthy of Eternal Memory on the tablet of immortal Memory,
And the books of this Requiem are dictated by the holy feeling of kinship between generations and the connection of times.
During the war, Vologda was a connecting link in the unimaginable efforts of the front and rear. Through it, help came to Leningrad, bloodless and tortured by the fascist blockade, half-strangled by hunger and cold, bombs and shelling, and here, to Vologda, to the Greater Land, as they said then, children and women, wounded and sick defenders were taken out of the besieged city along the Road of Life Leningrad. And the residents of Vologda and the Vologda region saved these half-dead people with their selfless love, the warmth of their souls, the caress of kind hands and the deadly hope of bread.
Many were saved.
Many died.
And these dead remained in the last shelter of the Vologda land.
Half a century later, a monument was erected over their mass grave, and the names of the victims are collected in the books of this Requiem.
This noble example of the residents of the Vologda region is worthy of every kind of imitation for residents of all cities and villages where there are unmarked graves of heroes and sufferers of the Patriotic War.
This noble example, perhaps, will force my fellow citizens of Leningrad to worry about their heroes and martyrs during the fascist blockade, to turn nameless burial mounds into named pantheons worthy of worship and prayer.
And I would like to bow to the residents of Vologda for their human feat of Memory, Love and Faith.
Without Memory there is no life.
There is no connection between times.
There is no future.
Alive! Be worthy of the dead.
The dead did not spare their lives for the sake of your life.
Remember this.
We must not forget about this.
22.11.89
Leningrad
Mikhail Dudin
PREFACE
Not far from Vologda, along the Poshekhonskoe highway, there is a monument. On a granite pedestal - a woman-mother with a dying child in her arms. The woman is surrounded by strict pylons, it seems that they are guarding her eternal peace...
This is a memorial to evacuated Leningraders who died in Vologda during the Great Patriotic War. The delegation of the hero city of Leningrad handed over to the residents of Vologda a piece of land from a sacred place - the Piskarevsky cemetery. This land is here now, near the graves...
The Vologda region was founded in 1937. It included 23 districts of the former Northern Territory and 18 districts with the city of Cherepovets of the Leningrad Region. By the beginning of the war there were 43 districts. Population - 1 million 581 thousand people, including urban population - 248 thousand. The leading sectors of the national economy at the beginning of the war were the logging and wood processing industries, agriculture with a livestock focus.
Vologda became the regional center in 1937. What was she like during the war? Probably, the life of this city with ninety-five thousand inhabitants did not differ significantly from many like it, scattered across endless Russia. Everything was determined by the war with its harsh life and hardships, intense work, often to the limit, with the losses of relatives and friends, with constant anticipation: how is it on the fronts? And with hope for the joyful changes that only victory could bring...
...The now popular word “mercy?” - not the discovery of today. Its essence is rooted in our history. It was socialist mutual assistance, the mercy of people, and the feeling of brotherhood that saved the lives of many Leningraders who escaped the hell of the blockade.
Many, but not all... Thousands of evacuees died under bombing, from the consequences of siege hunger and disease. Many people's health and strength were so undermined by suffering and deprivation, the horrors of war, that no one could save them... Their sad lists are in this book.
About a hundred people took part in the work on Requiem. The idea for this book arose among members of the student group “Search” in 1987. At the same time, a section was allocated within its composition, which began preparatory work (chairman of the section, student S. Lavrova, scientific supervisor, senior lecturer L.K. Sudakova). At the first scientific and practical conference of the Faculty of History, dedicated to the problems of patriotic and international education of schoolchildren and youth (April 1988), the idea and plan for creating the book were approved by representatives of the regional committee of the Komsomol, the council of war and labor veterans, the society for the protection of historical and cultural monuments, and employees of the regional military registration and enlistment office and healthcare.
On August 27, 1988, in Vologda, at the Poshekhonskoye cemetery, a memorial was opened to Leningraders who died and were buried in the city during the years of evacuation. It was built by a joint decision of the Leningrad and Vologda city executive committees. The discovery of the monument became an incentive to intensify search activities. At the second conference in April 1989, the first results of the search were already summed up. A regional coordinating council for search work and activities to perpetuate the memory of the defenders of the Motherland was elected, recommendations on the problem as a whole were adopted, including on the preparation of the book “Requiem”.
Already at the initial stage of preparing the book, many questions arose that required answers and the development of research methods: identifying archives that had the necessary documents; studying the amount of information in them about each person and determining on this basis the form of the book “Requiem”; development of a unified form of individual card for recording information for each deceased; determining a methodology for checking records about the same person in various archives; preparing a list of those buried in preliminary and final versions for printing; drawing up a certificate of administrative division of the region during the war and in our time, and others.
There were a lot of archives. In the State Archives of the Vologda Region, lists were initially found for five special hospitals (GAVO, cf. 1876, op. 3, d. 1-11), and then materials for one more (cf. 3105, op. 2, d. 3 -A). Lists of varying degrees of preservation, but allowing you to create an individual card for each. In the Cherepovets branch of GAVO, materials were found on the same hospital in this city. Records in all hospitals are not unified. So, in Cherepovets they are like this: “Solovyova Anna Vasilyevna, born in 1913, two children from 5 to 7.” In Vologda, the entry form more fully reflects the information:
Item no.
- Medical history number (not everywhere)
- FULL NAME.
- Year of birth or age
- Receipt date
- Date of disposal
- Where did you leave (died, transferred to another hospital, discharged, sent to an orphanage, etc.)
Two lists of hospitals provide information about the home address, diagnosis of illness, place of residence of the evacuees, and to whom the death was reported. In total, there are more than 8 thousand people on hospital lists, and the death of 1,807 evacuees is indicated. There is a general note that from January 1 to April 1, 1942 in Vologda they were buried at the Gorbachevsky cemetery, and from April 1, 1942 at the new one, Poshekhonsky, 2 people per grave. According to eyewitnesses, there were also unnamed burials.
As a rule, deaths in carriages, in hospitals, hospitals, apartments, and orphanages were registered by registry offices. The compilers looked through all books of death records in Vologda and Cherepovets (stored in the city archives of the registry office), as well as all books of district bureaus stored in the regional archives of the registry office. The entry forms in these books usually have a serial number for each year, then indicate the last name, first name and patronymic, date of death, age or year of birth, place of permanent residence, cause of death (most often the diagnosis is dystrophy). In cities, forms were filed in books according to dates of death and alphabet, in districts - according to dates of death.
In total, more than 17 thousand people were identified dead and buried in the region. This required reviewing at least 100 thousand death record forms. There were cases when there were records for the same person in hospitals, in hospitals, in registry office documents, in regional departmental archives. In such cases, several cards were filled out for one person, then the information was compiled and clarified. To identify the names of those buried, in addition to searching for preserved materials in archives and museums, the memories of doctors, nurses, hospital staff and hospitals where the evacuees were treated were collected and are being collected.
More complete data was obtained for 10 thousand people. These are evacuees from Leningrad, the Leningrad region, partly from Karelia and other places. There are few complete addresses of Leningrad residents, and during this time the names of districts and streets have changed. The book contains addresses from the times of the war. The names of districts and streets of Leningrad were often distorted. Employees of the Leningrad History Museum provided assistance in clarifying the addresses.
There are records that need clarification. For more than 5 thousand people there is only information by name, without first name and patronymic. For example, this entry in Babaev: “Slavik... Russian... died February 24, 1942, age 4... Leningrad.” On the letterhead in Vologda: “Zhenya... 5 years old... admitted to the hospital on April 5, 1942, died on April 20, 1942.” In Sheksna it is written: “Unknown... 13 years old..., died January 19, 1942. Removed from train 420. Boy, white face, dressed in an old cotton coat and boots.” Another entry in Sheksna: “Last name unknown, 28 years old, January 1, 1942, removed from train 430, died. Average height, in military uniform, overcoat, cotton trousers, cap, gray felt boots.”
This book includes a list in alphabetical order from A to K. There are 4989 people in total. Of these, by age: up to 7 years old - 966 people, 8-16 years old - 602 people, 17-30 years old - 886 people, 31-50 years old - 1146 people, over 50 years old - 1287 people. By gender: men - 2348 people, women - 2637 people. In the second part of the “Requiem” there will be lists of those buried in alphabetical order from L to Z. Finally, in the third part of the book “Requiem” there will be a list with the least amount of information. The compilers believe that even such a mournful list will help relatives and friends learn about the fate of those who are considered missing.
The following people took part in the search work and its preparation: L.N. Avdonina, G.A. Akinkhov, N.I. Balandin, L.M. Vorobyova, A.G. Goreglyad, S.G. Karpov, I.N. Kornilova, P.A. Krasilnikov, T.A. Lastochkina, N.A. Pakhareva, S.V. Sudakova, T.P. Cherepanova; members of the student group “Search” of the Vologda State Pedagogical Institute: N. Balandina, S. Berezin, M. Gorchakova, O. Zelenina, E. Kozlova, N. Krasnova, I. Kuznetsova, S. Lavrova, N. Limina, E. Manicheva , A. Orlova, N. Popova, S. Trifanov, L. Tchantsev, E. Khudyakova, student of the 8th school of the city of Vologda O. Sudakov, Leningrad school E. Grigorieva, a group of students from the Cherepovets State Pedagogical Institute under the guidance of teachers A.K. . Vorobyova, V.A. Chernakova and a group of students from the Vologda Construction College under the guidance of teacher V.B. Konasova.
The overall coordination of the work on the book was carried out by Professor P.A. Kolesnikov and the chairman of the regional Peace Committee V.V. Sudakov.
The compilers and editors express deep gratitude to the employees of the archival department of the Vologda Regional Executive Committee, the State Archives of the Vologda Region and its branch in the city of Cherepovets, the Vologda Regional and Vologda and Cherepovets city archives of the Civil Registry Offices O.A. Naumova, N.S. Yunosheva, A.N. Bazova, A.I. Kulakova, as well as the public commission “Doctors for the Survival of Humanity” under the regional peace committee for their assistance in identifying the archival materials of G.A. Akinkhov, P.A. Kolesnikov.
I know: consolation and joy
these lines are not meant to be.
Those who fell with honor do not need anything,
it is sinful to console the bereaved.
From my own, the same grief, I know
that, indomitable, her
strong hearts will not exchange
to oblivion and non-existence.
May she, the purest, holy one,
keeps the soul unhardened.
Let, feeding love and courage,
will forever be related to the people.
Unforgettable welded by blood,
only it - folk kinship -
promises anyone in the future
renewal and celebration
April 1944
Olga Berggolts
ACCEPTED ABBREVIATIONS
VGA REGISTRY OFFICE - Vologda City Archive of the Civil Registry Office
SAI REGISTRY OFFICE - Vologda regional archive of the Civil Registry Office
VEG - Vologda hospital for evacuees
GAVO - State Archives of the Vologda Region
CH REGISTRY OFFICE - Cherepovets city registry office archive
EG - evacuation hospital
Black Sea Fleet GAVO - Cherepovets branch of the State Archives of the Vologda Region
