What does the initial form of a word mean? What does the initial form of a word mean? Morphological analysis of a verb example

1. Independent parts of speech:

nouns (see morphological norms of nouns);
Verbs:
- participles;
- participles;
adjectives;
numerals;
pronouns;
adverbs;

2. Functional parts of speech:

prepositions;
unions;
particles;

3. Interjections.

The following do not fall into any of the classifications (according to the morphological system) of the Russian language:

the words yes and no, if they act as an independent sentence.
introductory words: so, by the way, total, as a separate sentence, as well as a number of other words.

Morphological analysis of a noun

initial form in the nominative case, singular (with the exception of nouns used only in the plural: scissors, etc.);
proper or common noun;
animate or inanimate;
gender (m,f, avg.);
number (singular, plural);
declination;
case;
syntactic role in a sentence.

Plan for morphological analysis of a noun

"The baby drinks milk."

Baby (answers the question who?) – noun;

initial form - baby;
constant morphological features: animate, common noun, concrete, masculine, 1st declension;
inconsistent morphological features: nominative case, singular;
when parsing a sentence, it plays the role of subject.

Morphological analysis of the word “milk” (answers the question of whom? What?).

initial form – milk;
constant morphological characteristics of the word: neuter, inanimate, real, common noun, II declension;
variable morphological features: accusative case, singular;
direct object in the sentence.

Here is another example of how to make a morphological analysis of a noun, based on a literary source:

"Two ladies ran up to Luzhin and helped him get up. He began to knock the dust off his coat with his palm. (example from: “Luzhin’s Defense”, Vladimir Nabokov)."

Ladies (who?) - noun;

initial form - queen;
constant morphological features: common noun, animate, concrete, feminine, first declension;
fickle morphological characteristics of the noun: singular, genitive case;
syntactic role: part of the subject.

Luzhin (to whom?) - noun;

initial form - Luzhin;
faithful morphological characteristics of the word: proper name, animate, concrete, masculine, mixed declension;
inconsistent morphological features of the noun: singular, dative case;

Palm (with what?) - noun;

initial shape - palm;
constant morphological features: feminine, inanimate, common noun, concrete, I declension;
inconsistent morpho. signs: singular, instrumental case;
syntactic role in context: addition.

Dust (what?) - noun;

initial form - dust;
main morphological features: common noun, material, feminine, singular, animate not characterized, III declension (noun with zero ending);
fickle morphological characteristics of the word: accusative case;
syntactic role: addition.

the initial form is a coat;
constant correct morphological characteristics of the word: inanimate, common noun, specific, neuter, indeclinable;
morphological features are inconsistent: the number cannot be determined from the context, genitive case;
syntactic role as a member of a sentence: addition.

Morphological analysis of the adjective

An adjective is a significant part of speech. Answers the questions Which? Which? Which? Which? and characterizes the characteristics or qualities of an object. Table of morphological features of the adjective name:

initial form in the nominative case, singular, masculine;
constant morphological features of adjectives:
- rank according to the value:
- - - quality (warm, silent);
  - - relative (yesterday, reading);
  - - possessive (hare, mother);
- degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this feature is constant);
- full/short form (for quality ones, for which this sign is constant);
inconsistent morphological features of the adjective:
- qualitative adjectives vary according to the degree of comparison (in comparative degrees the simple form, in superlative degrees - complex): beautiful - more beautiful - the most beautiful;
- full or short form (qualitative adjectives only);
- gender marker (singular only);
- number (agrees with the noun);
- case (agrees with the noun);
syntactic role in a sentence: an adjective can be a definition or part of a compound nominal predicate.

Plan for morphological analysis of the adjective

Example sentence:

The full moon rose over the city.

Full (what?) – adjective;

initial form – full;
constant morphological features of the adjective: qualitative, full form;
inconsistent morphological characteristics: in a positive (zero) degree of comparison, feminine (consistent with the noun), nominative case;
according to syntactic analysis - a minor member of the sentence, serves as a definition.

Here is another whole literary passage and morphological analysis of the adjective, with examples:

The girl was beautiful: slender, thin, blue eyes, like two amazing sapphires, looking into your soul.

Beautiful (what?) - adjective;

initial form - beautiful (in this meaning);
constant morphological norms: qualitative, brief;
inconstant signs: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine;

Slender (what?) - adjective;

initial form - slender;
constant morphological characteristics: qualitative, complete;
inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: full, positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative case;
syntactic role in a sentence: part of the predicate.

Thin (what?) - adjective;

initial form - thin;
morphological constant characteristics: qualitative, complete;
inconsistent morphological characteristics of the adjective: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative case;
syntactic role: part of the predicate.

Blue (what?) - adjective;

initial form - blue;
table of constant morphological features of the adjective name: qualitative;
inconsistent morphological characteristics: full, positive degree of comparison, plural, nominative case;
syntactic role: definition.

Amazing (what?) - adjective;

initial form - amazing;
constant characteristics of morphology: relative, expressive;
inconsistent morphological features: plural, genitive case;
syntactic role in a sentence: part of the circumstance.

Morphological features of the verb

According to the morphology of the Russian language, a verb is an independent part of speech. It can denote an action (to walk), a property (to limp), an attitude (to be equal), a state (to rejoice), a sign (to turn white, to show off) of an object. Verbs answer the question what to do? what to do? what is he doing? what did you do? or what will it do? Different groups of verbal word forms have heterogeneous morphological characteristics and grammatical features.

Morphological forms of verbs:

the initial form of the verb is the infinitive. It is also called the indefinite or unchangeable form of the verb. There are no variable morphological features;
conjugated (personal and impersonal) forms;
inconjugated forms: participles and participles.

Morphological analysis of the verb

initial form - infinitive;
constant morphological features of the verb:
- transitivity:
- - transitive (used with accusative case nouns without a preposition);
  - intransitive (not used with a noun in the accusative case without a preposition);
- repayment:
- - returnable (there is -sya, -sya);
  - irrevocable (no -sya, -sya);
- - imperfect (what to do?);
  - perfect (what to do?);
- conjugation:
- - I conjugation (do-eat, do-eat, do-eat, do-eat, do-ut/ut);
  - II conjugation (sto-ish, sto-it, sto-im, sto-ite, sto-yat/at);
  - mixed verbs (want, run);
inconsistent morphological features of the verb:
- mood:
- - indicative: what did you do? What did you do? what is he doing? what will he do?;
  - conditional: what would you do? what would you do?;
  - imperative: do!;
- time (in the indicative mood: past/present/future);
- person (in the present/future tense, indicative and imperative: 1st person: I/we, 2nd person: you/you, 3rd person: he/they);
- gender (past tense, singular, indicative and conditional);
- number;
syntactic role in a sentence. The infinitive can be any part of the sentence:
- predicate: To be a holiday today;
- subject: Learning is always useful;
- addition: All the guests asked her to dance;
- definition: He had an irresistible desire to eat;
- circumstance: I went out for a walk.

Morphological analysis of verb example

To understand the scheme, let’s conduct a written analysis of the morphology of the verb using an example sentence:

God somehow sent a piece of cheese to the crow... (fable, I. Krylov)

Sent (what did you do?) - part of speech verb;

initial form - send;
constant morphological features: perfective aspect, transitional, 1st conjugation;
inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: indicative mood, past tense, masculine, singular;

The following online example of morphological analysis of a verb in a sentence:

What silence, listen.

Listen (what do you do?) - verb;

initial form - listen;
morphological constant features: perfective aspect, intransitive, reflexive, 1st conjugation;
inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Plan for morphological analysis of verbs online for free, based on an example from a whole paragraph:

He needs to be warned.

No need, let him know next time how to break the rules.

What are the rules?

Wait, I'll tell you later. Has entered! (“Golden Calf”, I. Ilf)

Caution (what to do?) - verb;

initial form - warn;
morphological features of the verb are constant: perfective, transitive, irrevocative, 1st conjugation;
inconsistent morphology of part of speech: infinitive;
syntactic function in a sentence: part of the predicate.

Let him know (what is he doing?) - verb part of speech;

initial form - know;
inconsistent verb morphology: imperative, singular, 3rd person;
syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Violate (what to do?) - the word is a verb;

initial form - violate;
constant morphological features: imperfect form, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
inconstant features of the verb: infinitive (initial form);
syntactic role in context: part of the predicate.

Wait (what will you do?) - part of speech verb;

initial form - wait;
constant morphological features: perfective aspect, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Entered (what did you do?) - verb;

initial form - enter;
constant morphological features: perfective aspect, irreversible, intransitive, 1st conjugation;
inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: past tense, indicative mood, singular, masculine;
syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

I think the initial form of the word children is child. The goal is to form the ability to determine the initial form of words of names of actions of an object. If necessary, the teacher asks the children. But today it will be unusual since we are studying the initial form of the verb. Upon request, the initial form of the word sleeps. This is a service in which users help each other with their studies for free, exchange knowledge, experience and views. For nouns, the initial form is the singular form. The initial form of the word squirrel. Russian language lesson on the topic Learning to determine the initial form of a word. To determine the initial form of a word, first determine which part of speech the word belongs to. The mother’s heart was only in harmony with the world when all her children gathered in the house. Blesnu verb initial form Word forms of the word Blesnu

We will make a complete morphological analysis of the word children, determine the part of speech, the initial form, morphological features and forms of the word. Write out the words in bold, putting them in their initial form. Homework helps to better remember the lesson and teaches children to work individually and be able to concentrate. What is the initial form of a word? The children spent a long time traveling along forest paths on bicycles. Homework is written on the board and the children check whether they completed it correctly. B be afraid, like a child who was left at home alone during a thunderstorm or a hare who saw a wolf. They learn to determine the initial form of words, names of actions and words of objects. Please note that the search for a word in dictionaries is carried out using the initial form, nominative case, singular. The priority goal of teaching literary reading in elementary school. Russian language Topic Initial form of a word Goals: to teach students to determine the initial form of words

If necessary, the teacher asks children who understand everything to give. WHAT? This is the initial form of words for the names of objects. Official website Stas Davydov Schoolboy, put on your leggings! INDICATE THE INITIAL FORM OF THE WORDS CHILDREN PEOPLE ARE BETTER LESS THAN ME US THEM E. Setting a learning task Teacher Let's try to determine the topic of our lesson Children Initial form of words names of actions Teacher What are we going to learn? Conclusion How to find the initial form of words of names, actions? The initial form of words, names of objects, signs, etc. Even in elementary school, children become acquainted with the basic ones. The purpose of this exercise is to teach children to identify the verb suffix and parse verbs. The initial form of words of feature names is considered to be form. Summary of a Russian language lesson in grades 2 and 4 on the topics Initial form of the word and Continue.

Morphology deals with the form of a word. Variable words have forms. One of the forms is usually called initial. The initial form is the form in which the word is given in dictionaries.

For nouns the initial form is the singular form, I.p., for example: school, class, night .

For adjectives- singular, m.r., for example: blue, winter, fox .

For numerals the initial form is:
for quantitative - I.p., for example: ten, one hundred ,
for ordinal - singular, m.r., I.p., for example: second, hundredth .

Note:

For verbs* the initial form is the indefinite form of the verb (=infinitive), for example: smile, think, play .

Note:

For participles, the initial form of the verb is determined differently.

This depends on the interpretation of the nature of the participle.

If participles are defined as a special form of the verb, then the initial form will be the indefinite form of the verb, for example: smile, build.
If participles are defined as an independent part of speech, then the initial form is considered to be singular, m.r., I.p., for example: smiling, built. For more information on the nature of the sacrament, see

This means that the words in the names of the features change. To determine the initial form of a word, first determine which part of speech the word belongs to. Enter the text from the image. The initial form of the word fades is the word fade. For example, you are interested in the meaning of the word Initial form of an adverb, as interpreted by the Dictionary of Linguistic Terms. The pronouns such and such do not change by case, which means that their initial form is masculine singular. The initial form is for those parts of speech that change, that is, for imn nouns, imn adjectives, and imn numerals. For a schoolchild, this means parsing a word as a part of speech

FORM words are similar in meaning. To do this, you need to find out its meaning. WYKB0 Who offended Sobolev? The initial form of the word fought, rolled. The initial form of the word can be found in the dictionary. So, are these different words or different forms of the same word? For numerals, the initial form is. This is a service in which users help each other with their studies for free, exchange knowledge, experience and views. A variety of juicy apples with an elongated shape. Goals: to show that words, names of characteristics, vary by gender; explain how to determine the initial form of words of characteristics; learn to compare different forms of the same word; develop the ability to determine the initial form of words of names of characteristics;

What does it mean to continue to define? New dictionary of the Russian language. Morphemic analysis of a word is the selection of significant parts of the morphemes of the word from which it consists. Official website Stas Davydov Schoolboy, put on your leggings! What does it mean to put in the initial form. Determining the composition of a word means finding out what morphemes it consists of. CONCLUSION This means that words, names of attributes, adjectives change by number, by gender, and nouns have one gender or another. Parse verbs as parts of speech, all words and with the initial form! ! ! ! ! ! . The initial form of a word is its form that appears in. Nouns have a nominative plural form sleigh, cream

For example, the word let's go is the initial form, what should I do? Question Please tell me what the initial form means. I studied it but forgot. Answers to the question What is the initial form of the word leave? The initial form of words of the names of signs is considered to be the masculine form of a lesson in the Russian language on the topic We continue to determine the initial form of words Grade 2 UMK Perspective In the Russian language, there are rows of words that. You are on the page for the question What does the form of a word mean? The initial form of the word gathered. What does it mean that a donkey is a coward? ? The goals of the teacher’s activities are to introduce the concept of the initial form of a word, to introduce the structure of a dictionary entry, to learn to compare different forms of the same word, to develop the ability to determine the initial form of words, names of objects. What is the initial form of an adjective? You can be endlessly right, but what's the point if your woman cries? This is usually the nominative singular form. How to spell this word correctly. Russian language Topic Initial form of a word Goals: to teach students to determine the initial form of words of the names of characteristics, to change words of the names of characteristics by gender, to teach them to compare different forms of the same word

Such a word is usually a derivative. PUUDs search for the necessary information to complete educational tasks using a textbook, supplement and expand existing knowledge and ideas about the initial form of words. Follow in the footsteps, eat your teeth, stain paper, shed tears, lick your fingers, stroke your fur, don’t lift a finger, feel like you’ve sunk into the ground, keep your word. WHAT? This is the initial form of words for the names of objects. To determine the initial form of an adjective, ask the question Which?, and also check whether the adjective in question has the necessary inconstant singular features.

In the Russian language, the initial form of a word is of great importance. Many of its grammatical forms depend on this. The noun is no exception.

What is the initial form of the noun?

To find out the initial form of a noun, you need to put it in the singular. Let's look at the rule using words from a sentence as an example:

In the series of symbols, Blok does not avoid purely allegorical images, long-frozen symbols, already linguistic metaphors.

This determines the initial form of the noun. It will help us in spelling case endings.

Endings -e and -i in 1st declension

The spelling named in the subtitle is associated with the need to determine the initial form. The fact is that it depends on this in which cases the ending -e is written on nouns, and when the ending -i is written.

The initial form of first declension nouns ends in -а, -я. Remember to ask the question: “What?” Here are some examples:

wife;
Earth;
foliage;
Apple tree;
purity;
white;
running around.

The endings -e and -i are written in these words. The choice is determined according to the following scheme:

R. p. (who? what?) - I.

D. p. (to what? to whom?) - E.

Etc. p. (about whom? about what?) - E.

Here are some examples:

Practical task No. 1

What letters would you use instead of dots?

Answers: 1) -e, 2) -e, 3) -e, 4) -e, 5) -e, 6) -e, 7) -i.

Endings -e in nouns of the 2nd declension

The initial second declension in the neuter gender ends in -o/-e, and in the masculine gender it ends in a consonant. For example:

window;
village;
field;
Sun;
case;
table;
pillar;
comrade;
pencil.

If you have this initial form of a noun in front of you, then the word never has an ending -i:

R. p. (who? what?) - A.
D. p. (to what? to whom?) - U.
Etc. p. (about whom? about what?) - E.

As you can see, this spelling applies only to the prepositional case form:

I told everyone about my friend, who had not left the house for a whole year.
And there are spots in the sun.

Practical task No. 2

What endings are written in words with gaps?

The agreement... set out in detail the procedure for using public places.
In the unfamiliar officer... the old woman recognized her son.
Suddenly they remembered the paramedic who lived nearby and sent for him.
Selivanov told the boss about this engineer... and his project..., and he agreed to meet with him.
Everyone worked and didn’t even think about the director... and he still didn’t come.
On vacation... everyone had a good rest, now it’s time to get to work with renewed vigor.
On the pass... there was someone else's photograph.

Answer: all words end in -e.

Case endings of nouns of the 3rd declension

If the noun is feminine in the initial form, that is, in the I. p. singular. h. ends with this means that it is of the third declension. Examples of such words:

notebook;
bed;
mother;
daughter;
bake;
lie;
whim;
square.

If the initial form of the noun is exactly this, then these words never have the ending -e:

R. p. (who? what?) - I.
D. p. (to what? to whom?) - I.
Etc. p. (about whom? about what?) - I.

Here are some examples:

The geranium flowers were bright red on the windows.
In the distance towered the towers of an impregnable citadel.
Everyone on the ship was already dreaming of the earth's firmament.
She mixed regular thread into the wool for strength.

Practical task No. 3

Let’s take a task that every third grader should be able to cope with, since the 3rd grade is introduced to the topic “Initial form of a noun” as part of the school curriculum.

Indicate sentences that contain words ending in -i:

In class we read Chukovsky's poem about cockroaches...
Yesterday our whole family went to visit our grandparents...
I read in books... about space...
My uncle... has a model of the ship.
Under the tree grew a large mushroom under a layer of needles...
The bright image of the teacher remained in the memory of his students for a long time.
In June, seed pods form on the poplar, which then burst, and the seeds, along with the fluff, scatter throughout the area... .
In 1914, when the war began, Nastasya Vasilievna bequeathed to her daughter... all her untold wealth and went to the front as a nurse.
The girl in a light dress... made of chintz fit surprisingly harmoniously into this picture of light, warmth and greenery.
The huge puddle reflected the starry sky and the curly crowns of trees, their tops turned down.

Words starting with -y, -iya, -ie

There are also words whose initial form ends in -iy, -iya, -ie:

sanatorium;
moratorium;
dispensary;
lecture;
army;
section;
work;
mixing;
ugliness.

Such words in the genitive, dative, and prepositional cases have the ending -i. For example:

Polaris is the brightest star in its constellation.
The father of the family once studied at the seminary a long time ago.
Maria Ivanovna had two sons and four daughters.
Vitalia was wearing an old coarse knitted sweater.
Mother often thought about Artemy and waited for him.
The mother's heart was only in harmony with the world when all her children gathered in the house.
My brother serves in the army.

As can be seen from the examples, in such cases we see a combination of letters -ii at the end of words. Only the last one is the end.

Dictation

Write down the text from dictation, put the nouns in the initial form.

How beautiful the autumn forest is! The trees are dressed up like in a fairy tale... Only the spruce in its needles... frowns and throws cones from its top... . The leaves of birch trees are yellow, transparent, and jagged. Aspen trees have orange laces, very beautiful. The most beautiful outfit for maple...: red, patterned, unusual. Because of it, you won’t immediately see clusters of mountain ash... .

In the clearings... on the paths... there are hare gatherings. The hares also have new clothes: white streaks of gray have appeared on their gray fur coat. And the protein... there’s no time for updates, it’s all in work.... How many more cones on the branch! And mushrooms on the ground...! And the berries on the bush...! No, she will rest in the winter in a warm place... yes, well-fed... .

The whole forest in autumn stands in a special fascination... .

So, you have learned which form is the initial form of nouns, and have learned to use this knowledge when choosing the spelling “E and I in the endings of nouns.” You see how easy and simple it is. But the ability to determine the original grammatical form is important not only when studying the topic “Noun”: for example, it is also important for studying grammar, but this is a topic for another conversation.