The splendor and poverty of the regions: the richest and poorest cities in the country have become known. The poorest city in Russia: history, name and interesting facts The most emotional country
The Department of Sociology of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation compiled a rating of Russian cities by poverty level. The study was conducted in 2014 in 35 cities with a population of more than half a million. During it, Russians were asked to rate their well-being on a five-point scale, where “1” meant that they barely have enough money for food, and “5” meant that finances allow them to even buy real estate. Based on the data obtained, sociologists calculated the “poverty index.”
As a result, Tolyatti was recognized as the most problematic Russian city. It not only has the highest poverty index, but also the highest proportion of poor young men - which, according to sociologists, is fraught with social unrest.
The least problematic cities are Moscow, Vladivostok, Yekaterinburg, Kazan, Tyumen, where the poverty index is less than 0.25 (for comparison, in Tolyatti - 0.8).
In general, however, despite recurring crises, the situation in the country has improved compared to the early 2000s. In 2003, the share of the critically poor population (those who barely have enough money for food), according to the study, was 37%, low-income (there is only enough money for food and basic necessities) - 76%. In December 2014 - 10% and 54%, respectively.
2013 turned out to be the most prosperous year for the country in social terms: 10% were poor, 46% were low-income. And one of the local peaks of poverty occurred at the end of 2011, when the share of those who barely have enough to eat reached 16-18%. It was then, as researchers note, that the “swamp” movement arose, which faded away by mid-2012 - when the share of the “very poor” dropped to 9-11%.
The poorest cities in Russia
- Tolyatti (0.8)
- Astrakhan (0.68)
Penza (0.6)
Volgograd (0.59)
Saratov (0.55)
Rostov-on-Don (0.53)
Lipetsk (0.52)
Barnaul (0.5)
Naberezhnye Chelny (0.5)
Voronezh (0.49)
And the most prosperous cities
(the poverty index is indicated in parentheses)
- Vladivostok (0.08)
Moscow (0.08)
Ekaterinburg (0.14)
Kazan (0.2)
Tyumen (0.23)
Krasnodar (0.25)
St. Petersburg (0.26)
Orenburg (0.27)
Irkutsk (0.27)
Novosibirsk (0.28)
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Analysts have calculated the top five poorest cities in the country. Two cities of the Southern Federal District were included in it - Astrakhan and Volgograd, and Rostov also made it into the top ten.
Below the poverty line
More and more often, a Russian proverb comes to mind: if you didn’t live richly, you shouldn’t have started. Once upon a time it irritated me personally, but now it seems that this very statement best characterizes the life of the majority of people in our country. As soon as you get used to a certain standard of living, it immediately begins to decline. How else to evaluate the growing inflation, the continuous increase in prices for everything? What was bought at one price yesterday costs twice as much today. At the same time, as many of our readers write, salaries are not going to be indexed or increased, but rather they are being cut. And according to the results of one of the latest surveys, people are ready to work even if their salaries are cut by a third. There's simply nowhere to go. The authorities urge people to be patient and tighten their belts, they promise to control price increases, but they continue to rise as if all control is aimed at increasing them, and not vice versa.
But in Russia, 15.7 million people live below the official poverty line alone—that is, every ninth resident of the country. She announced this not long ago Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Olga Golodets at a meeting of the Coordination Council under the President of the Russian Federation for the implementation of the National Strategy for Action in the Interests of Children for 2012–2017. At the same time, the Deputy Prime Minister was “reassuring”: due to inflation and other economic processes, this figure will grow. And it is growing. Moreover, in some cities of the country it is growing faster than elsewhere. According to the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, in terms of poverty, the most problematic cities in the country are Tolyatti, Astrakhan, Penza, Volgograd, and Saratov.
As the authors of the study noted, the highest risk of social unrest is in Togliatti, followed by southern Astrakhan and Volgograd. Not only is the number of poor people growing, but the difference between the incomes of the poor and the rich is growing.
Today, the actual decile ratio (the ratio of 10% of the poor to 10% of the rich) is more than 16. That is, the income of the rich is 16 times higher than the income of the poor. For comparison, in 1990, incomes differed by less than 5 times.
1. There is hardly enough money for food; 2. There are only enough funds for food and basic necessities; 3. We can buy large household appliances (refrigerator, washing machine); 4. We can buy a new car; 5. There is enough money for everything, including real estate.
According to the already tested classification, the first group belongs to the critically poor population, the first and second groups form a layer of low-income citizens.
At the same time, in Russia recently the number of poor people has been decreasing all the time. From 2003 to 2014 it decreased by more than three times. According to the results of the study, in 2014 the share of the population who considered their standard of living to be unacceptably low was 11% compared to 37% in 2003. And in December 2014, the number of Russians who felt poor began to rise sharply again. How can we not remember that notorious thing again: we weren’t rich and there was no need to start. Of course, most of us never became rich, but we could still afford something. And here again it’s like a verdict: in December 2014, 54% of residents of large and medium-sized cities classified themselves as low-income. The majority again.
If you look at the latest research, the picture looks like this:
The share of poor young men in Astrakhan is 6%, in Volgograd - 2%, in Rostov 4%, in Krasnodar - 2%. The share of low-income young men is in Astrakhan - 49%, in Volgograd - 40%, in Rostov - 43%, in Krasnodar - 30%. The share of critically poor youth is 6% in Astrakhan, 2% in Volgograd, 5% in Rostov, and 3% in Krasnodar. The share of low-income youth is in Astrakhan - 52%, in Volgograd - 44%, in Rostov - 42%, in Krasnodar - 33%,
The share of critically poor residents is 11% in Astrakhan, 18% in Volgograd, 13% in Rostov, and 11% in Krasnodar. The share of low-income residents in Astrakhan is 56%, in Volgograd - 63%, in Rostov - 52%, in Krasnodar - 45%.
It is no coincidence that researchers pay attention to the large proportion of unemployed youth and young men. The number of such people who are unemployed and unemployed can be simply explosive. Such a critical mass must always be directed in the right direction in order to prevent social explosions.
Where are the highest prices?
And if we talk about poverty and poor cities, then let's look at the most obvious things. On the rise in prices for the first food products in Astrakhan. Recently, a kilogram of sugar here has risen in price from 28 rubles to 50, rice - from 55 to 85 rubles per 900 grams, vegetable oil, a liter bottle - from 66 to 87, a kilo of beef from 270 to 360 rubles, pork has risen in price by almost a hundred rubles , chicken became 40 rubles more expensive, and, for example, trout from 250 rubles soared in price to 480. Over the year, the food basket of 32 basic food products increased in price by an average of 40%. Even, for example, at the end of 2013, a set of products for a resident of Astrakhan cost 2300-2400 rubles, and now the total cost of this set has grown to at least 4000 rubles. Almost twice. Of course, salaries remained the same and even became smaller.
And so it is in almost every region. Although prices in the Southern Federal District are different. Recently, Rosstat for the Rostov region compared prices for food, utilities, public transport in the Southern District and found, for example, that the most expensive beef in Maykop is for 270 rubles and in Rostov-on-Don for an average of 267 rubles per kilogram. and the most expensive pork is in Volgograd (285 rubles), more expensive only in Elista, where they pay 313 rubles per kilogram.
In Rostov-on-Don, the most expensive sunflower oil in the Southern Federal District is 81 rubles 14 kopecks. But in Maikop and Krasnodar the price of sunflower oil is 73 rubles.
In terms of the high cost of cereals and pasta, Krasnodar is the leader, where pasta costs an average of 60 rubles, and the most expensive potatoes in Rostov are 31.98, cabbage is the most expensive in Maykop - 33.86. The most expensive bread and bakery products, with prices of which the antimonopoly department has already become interested in - in Volgograd - 37.73 rubles. The most expensive eggs are 68.8 in Krasnodar, and the most expensive milk is 49.04 in Astrakhan.
In Krasnodar, the most expensive municipal buses, trams and trolleybuses are 17 rubles per trip. Rostov public transport costs 15 rubles.
Residents of Rostov have the highest prices for electricity in the Southern Federal District - 37.0 rubles per kilowatt, in Krasnodar - 35.4 rubles per kilowatt, for a cubic meter of water Rostov residents pay 36 rubles, 13 kopecks, and Kuban residents - 24 rubles, water disposal in Rostov is also more expensive by 10 rubles than in Krasnodar. There is also a big difference with heating. The capital of Adygea pays 1998 rubles per Gcal, and Rostov - 1442 rubles, Krasnodar - 1772. And if you add up all the costs together, it turns out that there’s not much to live on... At the same time, salaries in the Southern District are not the lowest, where the leaders are Krasnodar and Rostov, where earnings average 36 and 32,000 rubles.
According to Rosstat, the level of consumer confidence of the Russian population in the fourth quarter of 2014 continued to decline compared to the previous quarter. In the first quarter of the year, consumer confidence remained unchanged, in the second it increased, and in the third it decreased. In the fourth quarter of last year, the consumer confidence index decreased by 11 percentage points and amounted to minus 18% versus minus 7% in the third quarter, minus 6% in the second and minus 11% in the first quarter of 2014.
In 2015, 18% of respondents expect better changes in the economy (in the third quarter - 24%). The share of negative assessments increased to 38% (versus 29%). The share of respondents who positively assess the changes in the economic situation decreased from 20% to 12%, and the share of negative assessments increased from 31% to 55%.
The index of expected changes in personal financial situation decreased by 8 percentage points and amounted to minus 12% (minus 4% in the third quarter of 2014). The share of respondents expecting their financial situation to improve over the next 12 months was 10% (versus 12%). The share of negative assessments increased from 17% to 28%. According to the Public Opinion Foundation, 60 percent of the country's residents already believe that a crisis has begun in the country.
The least problems with poverty were noted in Vladivostok, Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Kazan and Tyumen
The global economic crisis has hit hard all the most vulnerable sections of the population in different cities and countries. Based on a sociological study by the State Department of Sociology under the Government of the Russian Federation, a rating was compiled, which included the poorest cities in Russia in 2015. The list includes several of the largest cities in the country, in which the poverty level of residents is maximum.
It took tenth place in the ranking of poor cities. This circumstance is associated with the destructuring and deindustrialization of the city. There was a strong social stratification of the population. Rising costs and falling wages have greatly impacted the city's poverty rate. The poorest are pensioners: 81% of all older people are below the poverty line.
IN Naberezhnye Chelny things are not going well. Most of the city's poor residents are pensioners and military personnel. The unemployment rate is very high.
Thus, in the capital of the Altai Territory, 62% of young and elderly citizens have an income that is only enough to purchase basic necessities and food. At the same time, 9% of residents have the financial ability to purchase a car.
In seventh place in the poverty ranking for 2015 is. This is caused by poor quality of housing maintenance and poor quality roads. The low level of social services and health care also contributed. According to a sociological survey, the city's poor population is 16%.
Sixth place on the list of poor cities in 2015 belongs to Rostov-on-Don. Low-income residents of the city make up about 52%, while the majority of low-income people in this region are elderly. Their income is only enough for the bare necessities.
– took fifth position in our ranking. This is due to the high mortality rate of residents against the backdrop of a difficult life. Cheap, low-quality food floods the city's store shelves, and dirty streets spoil the experience. There are unauthorized landfills around the city. The study found that almost 20% of city residents consider themselves poor, and 64% consider themselves low-income people.
Included in the list of the poorest cities in Russia based on the low level of income of the population. Moreover, this city is a large industrial and tourist center of the country. However, despite everything, a difficult situation has arisen with the economic situation of the younger generation. It is young people who make up 40% of the low-income population of this metropolis. 2% of young people are at risk of poverty. This is reported in the research documents of the Department of Sociology of the Russian Federation: in the lists of the poorest cities in the Russian Federation for 2015.
Third place in the list of Russian cities that became impoverished last year went to Penza. Some city residents earn extra income to make ends meet. Despite the low unemployment rate, high-paying jobs are rare. Most of the city residents’ family budget is “eaten up” by loans, housing and communal services bills, and food. According to city residents, in recent years they have not felt social security.
In the official list of the poorest cities in Russia in 2015, in second place is a city known to the world for excellent fishing, beautiful nature and sturgeon caviar. It turns out that 11% of residents are critically poor, and 56% of the city’s population cannot afford unnecessary expenses. Despite the outward chic of Astrakhan, with its beautiful hotels, restaurants, office buildings, the city does not have enough funds for basic repairs of suburban roads, there is no subsidization of charity, there is no timely removal of waste from enterprises, there are industrial debts to pay for various types of services to public utilities.
As a result of data processing, it was revealed that the most problematic and poorest metropolis in the Russian Federation is a world-famous city with a large automotive industry. Togliatti has the highest proportion of poor and low-income young men. Such data are disappointing, because a high poverty index and the proportion of low-income citizens can become the beginning of social unrest and outbreaks of aggression. About seven hundred thousand people live in the city, of which 13% live on the verge of poverty. This state of affairs is due to the fact that Tolyatti is an industrial center of the late period, created by the will of the leadership of the Communist Party of the former USSR. The AvtoVAZ plant is in decline due to tough and serious competition in the automotive market. And the population of the city inevitably shares the fate of the enterprise.
In addition to large cities, where the standard of living of their residents is low, there are many small towns and villages in which the economic situation is more complex and gloomy. The worst results belong to Crimea, Smolensk and Ivanovo regions. Things are no better in the cities of the Far North.
Photo by ITAR-TASS
"The largest share of the poor population among Russian cities was recorded in Tolyatti, Astrakhan and Penza". - from these lines Lenta.ru, which is now at the top of their list. The Financial University under the Government of Russia conducted research on the topic and shared it with Lenta.
In Togliatti, the share of low-income residents is 57% - more than half! And 13% of Togliatti residents are in the status of “critically poor” - that is, they have nothing to eat and are struggling to make ends meet. I didn’t come up with this, I just quoted the Tape. I continue to quote further. 56% of low-income residents were recorded in B, and 53 percent in B.
What is Tolyatti? The city of motors, with a huge enterprise called AvtoVAZ, is the pride of the country, which has received subsidies more than once. Russian Detroit, no less. A, which they like to remind me so much in the comments to posts about the States, also heads a similar list in its country.
What I don’t understand about all these ratings and lists is how they are compiled. Lenta journalists did not reveal the secret of how the students of the Financial University calculated the number of poor people and what they were based on. For the Americans, everything is clear - the outflow of the population, the level of wages, the dynamics of real estate prices.
If we take typical If such calculations are made, the indicator is per capita income, then in the United States the gap will be colossal. The poorest city in the country, according to statistics, is Blackwater, Arizona. The smallest average income was recorded there - 9.5 thousand dollars a year. Its antipode, the richest town is Dover, Massachusetts, $179 thousand per year per person.
I haven’t found similar statistics for Russian cities, but I have found them for regions, albeit for 2010. The highest paid subject of the federation is the Yamalo-Nenets District - 53 thousand rubles per month. The lowest paid is Dagestan, 10 thousand. The difference is five times. This is already more significant than the Lentov percentage of the poor, but it is not a twenty-fold difference between the poorest and the richest American town.
But let's return to the article, where three more cities are mentioned. For some reason they are called not “the richest,” but a clever construction - the least problematic Russian cities in terms of the number of poor people. These are Vladivostok, Moscow and.
So do you know how many low-income residents there are? 40, 43 and 46 percent respectively. The gap between the richest and poorest cities is only seventeen percent? 57% in Tolyatti and 40% in Vladivostok. In one case, a little more than half of the townspeople live on the brink of poverty, in the other - a little less than half? But in general, is everything the same? Is that what they wanted to say? Or what?
