Admiralty Cathedral. Admiralty Cathedral An excerpt characterizing the Admiralty Cathedral

Admiralty Cathedral (Cathedral of St. Gregory the Great of Armenia)- an Orthodox church that existed in Nikolaev from the 18th to the 20th centuries.

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By order of the founder of Nikolaev, Prince Grigory Potemkin, a stone church was founded in 1789 on the high left bank of the Ingul River. The following year, its construction began using funds from the city treasury.

The construction of the cathedral was carried out according to the design of the architect Ivan Starov, following the model of the Andrianople Temple, but in a reduced form. The performer of the work was stone mason Anton Vekton. The construction was supervised by architect Vikenty Vanrezant and engineer Ivan Knyazev. Grigory Potemkin invited artists from Italy to paint the iconostasis.

In 1794, the church was built and on October 30 it was consecrated in the name of the Holy Martyr Gregory of Great Armenia (Prince Potemkin bore his name).

The temple was built from cut limestone. Its length from east to west was 42.6 meters, and its width was 17 meters. The dome was covered with galvanized iron and painted gray. Two gilded copper crosses were installed on the dome and above the altar.

In addition, three Gospels in silver-gilded frames (two from 1766 and one from 1784) and a silver-gilded chalice from 1763 were kept in the cathedral.

Outside the church, near the altar, there was a tombstone obelisk on the grave of the builder of the city of Nikolaev, Mikhail Faleev, who died in 1791.

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Literature

• Drawings of the history of architecture of the Ukrainian RSR (pre-modern period). Kiev 1957.
• General history of architecture: In 12 volumes. Moscow 1968. - Vol. 6: Architecture of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus in the 14th and first half of the 19th centuries.
• From Ukrainian antiquities: Album. Kiev 1991.
• Tymofienko V. Architects of Ukraine from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century: Biographical guide. Kiev 1999.
• Timofeenko V. I. Formation of urban planning culture in the South of Ukraine (Materials for the Code of Monuments of History and Culture of the Peoples of the USSR). Kyiv 1986.
• Timofeenko V.I. Cities of the Northern Black Sea Coast in the second half of the 18th century. Kyiv 1984.
• Tymofienko V. Notes of the military engineer F. Devolan about activities in Ukraine // Architectural decline of Ukraine. VIP.3. Frequently 2. Kiev 1996.
• Zakovorotny D.I. Temples of Nikolaev. Nikolaev 2001.
• Vecherskiy V. Studies on the history of the architectural destruction of Ukraine. Kiev 2002. ISBN 966-7452-42-5

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An excerpt characterizing the Admiralty Cathedral

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But the strange thing is that all these orders, concerns and plans, which were no worse than others issued in similar cases, did not affect the essence of the matter, but, like the hands of a dial on a watch separated from the mechanism, spun arbitrarily and aimlessly, without affecting the wheels.
Militarily, the ingenious campaign plan that Thiers talks about; que son genie n"avait jamais rien imagine de plus profond, de plus habile et de plus admirable [his genius never invented anything deeper, more skillful and more amazing] and regarding which Thiers, entering into polemics with Mr. Fehn, proves , that the drawing up of this ingenious plan should be dated not to the 4th, but to the 15th of October, this plan was never and could not be executed, because it had nothing close to reality. Strengthening the Kremlin, for which it was necessary to tear down La Mosquee [mosque] (as Napoleon called St. Basil's Church) turned out to be completely useless. Laying mines under the Kremlin only contributed to the fulfillment of the emperor's desire, upon leaving Moscow, for the Kremlin to be blown up, that is, for the floor on which the child was killed to be beaten. Persecution of the Russian The army, which so concerned Napoleon, presented an unheard-of phenomenon: the French military leaders lost the sixty-thousandth Russian army, and only, according to Thiers, the art and, it seems, also the genius of Murat managed to find, like a pin, this sixty-thousandth Russian army.
Diplomatically, all of Napoleon’s arguments about his generosity and justice, both before Tutolmin and before Yakovlev, who was primarily concerned with acquiring an overcoat and a cart, turned out to be useless: Alexander did not accept these ambassadors and did not respond to their embassy.
From a legal point of view, after the execution of the alleged arsonists, the other half of Moscow burned down.
Administratively, the establishment of the municipality did not stop the robbery and only brought benefit to some individuals who participated in this municipality and, under the pretext of maintaining order, robbed Moscow or saved theirs from robbery.
In terms of religion, things that were so easily arranged in Egypt by visiting a mosque did not bring any results here. Two or three priests found in Moscow tried to carry out Napoleon’s will, but one of them was beaten on the cheeks by a French soldier during the service, and the French official reported the following about the other: “Le pretre, que j"avais decouvert et invite a recommencer a dire la messe, a nettoye et ferme l"eglise. Cette nuit on est venu de nouveau enfoncer les portes, casser les cadenas, dechirer les livres et commettre d "autres desordres." ["The priest, whom I found and invited to begin serving mass, cleaned and locked the church. That same night they came again breaking doors and locks, tearing books and causing other disturbances.”]
In terms of trade, there was no response to the proclamation to the hardworking artisans and all peasants. There were no hardworking artisans, and the peasants caught those commissars who went too far with this proclamation and killed them.
With regard to entertaining the people and troops with theatres, things were similarly unsuccessful. The theaters established in the Kremlin and in Poznyakov’s house immediately closed because actresses and actors were robbed.

On December 25, 2013, on the day of remembrance of St. Spyridon of Trimythous, the Divine Liturgy was celebrated for the first time in the last 90 years in the revived church in honor of the saint in the building of the Main Command of the Navy in the Admiralty in the northern capital. It was headed by the rector of the church, the dean of the Military Deanery District, Hieromonk Alexy (Ganzhin).

At the end of the service, the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Viktor Chirkov, on whose initiative the petition to open the temple was written, handed over the keys to the reconstructed Admiralty Cathedral to Hieromonk Alexy (Ganzhin). Thanks to the efforts of the President of the Northern Capital Foundation, Mikhail Romanov, construction and finishing work is being carried out quickly and efficiently. “A little more time will pass, and the cathedral in the Admiralty will be restored to its former grandeur and beauty,” said V. Chirkov.

The welcoming speech from the Governor of St. Petersburg was read by the Chief of Staff of the Vice-Governor of St. Petersburg, Vyacheslav Kalganov. The greeting, in particular, noted: “The temple in the name of St. Spyridon of Trimifuntsky will become a worthy heir to the high spiritual traditions of Russian Orthodoxy. I sincerely congratulate you on the patronal feast of the revived church and wish everyone strength of spirit and gracious help in all matters and endeavors for the glory of the Russian Orthodox Church and our Fatherland.”

Admiralty Cathedral in the name of St. Spyridon of Trimifuntsky was the main temple of the Russian fleet. All newly built ships were consecrated by its abbot and, in fact, began their long voyages from its walls. Every year on November 17, a memorial service was held in the cathedral for the sailors who died in the Battles of Sinop and Tsushima. The temple, built in 1821 according to the design of architects Ivan Gomzin and Auguste Montferrand, received the status of a cathedral in 1858 by order of Alexander II.

The last rector of the cathedral before the revolution of 1917 was the spiritual son of the holy righteous John of Kronstadt, the murdered Archpriest Alexy Stavrovsky, a shepherd of exceptional personal qualities. Father John himself performed divine services here several times. In 1919, the cathedral was closed, and for almost a century its premises served as the assembly hall of the Higher Naval Engineering Institute.

After the final move of the Main Headquarters of the Russian Navy from Moscow to St. Petersburg - to its historical homeland - the St. Andrew's flag was raised above the Admiralty building. It represents an oblique cross on which the Apostle Andrew the First-Called, the patron saint of sailors, was crucified. The flag is located on the top of the tower where today's new temple is located.

29.12.2013

The first liturgy was held in the revived Church of St. Spyridon of Trimifuntsky in the Admiralty.

At the end of the service, Father Alexy noted that with a special sense of spirituality he served the Divine Liturgy today in this revived Admiralty church in the name of St. Spyridon of Trimythous. The saint was born at the end of the 3rd century on the island of Cyprus. He was a shepherd and had a wife and children. He gave all his funds to the needs of his neighbors and strangers, for this the Lord rewarded him with the gift of miracles: he healed the terminally ill and cast out demons. In the person of Saint Spyridon, the flock acquired a loving father. "I would like to sincerely thank today all those who participated in the revival of this temple, all those thanks to whom we offer prayer here again today and have the opportunity to partake of the Holy Mysteries of Christ. God grant that the servicemen of the Navy of the Russian Federation have the opportunity to spiritual formation of their souls and hearts. They loved this temple, visited it, came to it with their wives and children. And God grant that through the prayers of St. Spyridon of Trimifuntsky, the Lord will preserve and protect the Russian fleet, so that peace and prosperity will always accompany our military personnel and sailors “,” said the dean.
Then the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Viktor Chirkov, on whose initiative a petition was written to Metropolitan Vladimir of St. Petersburg and Ladoga to open the temple, handed over the keys to the reconstructed Admiralty Cathedral to Hieromonk Alexy (Ganzhin). Thanks to the efforts of the President of the Northern Capital Foundation, Mikhail Romanov, the work is being carried out quickly and efficiently. “A little more time will pass, and the cathedral in the Admiralty will be restored to its former grandeur and beauty. With our own hands we are restoring spiritual bonds, uniting with a common goal, with the great dream of the revival of our beloved Motherland, only with the restoration of spiritual foundations is the revival of the modern ocean-going Russian fleet possible . And the fleet will be reborn. And our glorious St. Andrew’s flag will proudly fly over the expanses of the World Ocean,” concluded Viktor Chirkov.
The welcoming speech from the Governor of St. Petersburg Georgy Poltavchenko was read by the Chief of Staff of the Vice-Governor of St. Petersburg Vyacheslav Kalganov. It said that the transfer of the keys to the temple by representatives of the Russian Navy to the St. Petersburg Metropolitanate became a symbol of the restoration of our military and historical traditions. “I am confident that the temple in the name of St. Spyridon of Trimifuntsky will become a worthy heir to the high spiritual traditions of Russian Orthodoxy. With all my heart I congratulate you on the patronal feast of the revived temple and wish everyone strength of spirit and gracious help in all matters and undertakings for the glory of the Russian Orthodox Church and our Fatherland.” , - the governor addressed in his message.
After this, the dean of the Military District from the Parish Council presented the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy with an icon of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. And Vyacheslav Kalganov and Vladimir Ivanov, head of the department for relations with religious associations, presented on behalf of the governor to Hieromonk Alexy (Ganzhin) a gift in the form of a memorial book and an icon.
Admiralty Cathedral in the name of St. Spyridon of Trimifuntsky was the main temple of Russian naval glory. All ships of the Russian fleet were consecrated by the rector of this cathedral, and also began their long voyages from here. Every year, on November 17, a memorial service was held in the cathedral for the sailors who died in the Battles of Sinop and Tsushima. The temple was built in 1821 according to the design of architects Ivan Gomzin and Auguste Montferrand, and in 1858, by order of Alexander II, received the status of a cathedral. The last rector of the cathedral was the spiritual son of the holy righteous John of Kronstadt, the murdered Archpriest Alexy Stavrovsky. Father John himself performed divine services here several times. In 1919, the cathedral was closed, and all this time the building was the assembly hall of the Higher Naval Engineering Institute. The restored Admiralty Church remained one of four St. Petersburg churches dedicated to St. Spyridon, the rest were lost.
A curious fact is one interesting coincidence. After the final move of the Main Headquarters of the Russian Navy from Moscow to St. Petersburg - to its historical homeland - the St. Andrew's flag was raised above the Admiralty building. It represents an oblique cross on which the Apostle Andrew the First-Called, the patron saint of sailors, was crucified. The flag is located on the tower where today's new temple is located, that is, it turns out that this cross crowns its dome.

Admiralty Cathedral in the name of St. Spiridonia of Trimifuntsky

1821 - Gomzin Ivan Grigorievich, Montferrand Auguste

Church in the name of the righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth

Church in the name of St. Spyridon of Trimifuntsky

1821 - architect. Gomzin Ivan Grigorievich, Montferrand Auguste - structure of the church

Cathedral in the name of St. Spyridon of Trimifuntsky

2006-2008 - restoration according to the ARM5 project "Scientific Research Institute Spetsproektrestavratsiya"

Admiralty Cathedral in the name of St. Spiridon is located on the second floor of the southwestern corner of the Main Admiralty building.

On May 10, 1755, a relatively small church in the name of the righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth was consecrated in the Admiralty building. On April 17, 1821, due to construction work being carried out at St. Isaac's Cathedral, services were stopped there. On June 7, 1821, permission was received from Emperor Nicholas I for the parish of St. Isaac's Cathedral to visit the church in the Admiralty building. Since this church was not large enough, it was decided to build a temple in a new location of the Admiralty. On December 10, 1821, the emperor ordered the church built in the Admiralty building to be handed over to the department of the Naval Ministry. According to the highest will, on December 12, 1821, the church, with the blessing of Metropolitan Seraphim, was consecrated in the name of St. Spyridon of Trimifuntsky as the governor of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, Archimandrite Tobius and his brethren.

(Belyakov A. The role of the naval clergy in the education of military sailors of pre-revolutionary Russia, Russian Line website)

In the summer of 1821, in connection with the radical restructuring of St. Isaac's Cathedral, it was decided to build a temporary on-site church in the Admiralty building, which was done by the architect Montferand. On December 12 of the same year, on the occasion of the Emperor’s birthday, a temple named after St. Spyridon was consecrated in the Admiralty. And the other chapel was dedicated to St. Isaac of Dalmatia.

However, even after the completion of the construction of St. Isaac's Cathedral, already during the reign of Emperor Nicholas I Pavlovich, it was decided not to abolish the Admiralty Church of St. Spyridon.

And on October 27, 1858, by order of Alexander II the Liberator, the Admiralty Church in the name of St. Spyridon of Trimifuntsky was granted the status of a cathedral. The velvet slipper of the Cypriot saint, brought in 1860 from the island of Corfu, was also kept here. book Konstantin Nikolaevich, brother of Emperor Alexander II.

In 1863, for the Admiralty Cathedral, academician of painting F. G. Solntsev painted an image of the Savior, for which jewelers F. A. Verkhovtsev and F. Butz made an expensive setting with diamonds. This image was reminiscent of the rescue of Admiral General V. book Konstantin Nikolaevich at the hands of a terrorist during the service of the Tsar’s brother in Poland.

In 1874, a chapel was consecrated in the name of the Conception of Righteous Anna. And in the fall of 1889, in the choir of the cathedral, a chapel was consecrated in the name of the prophet Hosea, in memory of the salvation of the imperial family at the time of the crash of the Imperial train on October 17, 1888 in Borki. Thus, another mystical connection arose between Saint Spyridon and the family of Emperor Alexander III.

(St. Spyridon of Trimifuntsky and the spiritual tradition of his veneration in the Royal Family of the Romanovs: (report by O. N. Kulikovskaya-Romanova at a press conference in the Danilov Monastery dedicated to the preparation of bringing the right hand of St. Spyridon of Trimifuntsky from Kerkyra to Russia, March 13, 2007, official website: Danilov Monastery)

After the cessation of services in St. Isaac's Cathedral in 1816 in connection with the construction of a new (current) cathedral, a church was built in the Main Admiralty according to the design of I. Gomzin (with the participation of O. Monferand), where the throne and the Royal Doors were moved from the “old St. Isaac’s” , utensils, and also translated the clergy. The temple was consecrated on December 12, 1821 (by the governor of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, Archimandrite Tovius) in honor of St. Spyridonius of Trimifuntsky in memory of the birthday of Emperor Alexander I the Blessed with the chapel of St. Isaacia.

After the completion of the construction of St. Isaac's Cathedral, the temple in the Admiralty was preserved and given the status of a cathedral.

The pediment of the temple was decorated with a cross on an orb. In 1863, a stone belfry with six bells from the “old Isaac” (the largest 110 poods) was erected. Later, three more chapels were built in the cathedral in the name of the Conception of Rights. Anna, St. Prophet Hosea (in the choir), St. Nicholas.

26 columns divided the temple into three naves. The cathedral possessed several shrines: the velvet shoe of St. Spyridon, the pillow from under the head of the relics of St. Spyridon, part of his robe, the icon of St. Constantine and Helen with a particle of the tree of the Life-giving Cross of the Lord.

One of the best church choirs in St. Petersburg sang in the cathedral.

The significance of the Admiralty Cathedral - topographically the central cathedral of St. Petersburg - is that it was a special temple of Russian naval glory. All ships of the Russian fleet, when laid down and launched into the water, were consecrated near the Admiralty Church by its rector. Here they began their long voyage. Every year on November 17, a memorial service was served in the cathedral for the sailors who fell in the Sinop and Tsushima battles.

The last rector of the cathedral was the spiritual son of Fr. John, the martyred archpriest Fr. Alexy Stavrovsky. From time to time, Father John of Kronstadt himself served here.

After October, the fate of the cathedral was decided by the stroke of the pen of the new owner of the Admiralty, the red commander of the Baltic Fleet F. Raskolnikov, the future Soviet dissident diplomat. The cathedral was closed at the end of 1919. Nowadays the building is used as an assembly hall of the Higher Naval Engineering Institute. On June 1/14, 2000, the first public prayer service was held within the walls of the cathedral - to St. Spyridon and St. John of Kronstadt.

(Website of the Church of St. John the Theologian, metochion of the Leushinsky St. John the Baptist Monastery in St. Petersburg)

Restoration work on the interior of the former Admiralty Cathedral was carried out in 2006-2008, as a result of which the surviving interior elements and decoration were restored, and the load-bearing structures underwent the necessary strengthening. The research and restoration project were carried out by the team of the St. Petersburg Research Institute “Spetsproektrestavratsiya” under the leadership of N. B. Shalova and M. D. Kiselev. GAP - L.A. Waldbrit.

In the center of the hero city of Sevastopol on the Central City Hill stands the Admiralty Cathedral of St. Vladimir. It was conceived by the architects to become the dominant building in the city. And it became an excellent example of Orthodox architecture and the embodiment of military valor.

Construction of the Cathedral of St. Vladimir began in 1854 on the site where the crypt with the remains of Admiral Lazarev was located. During the Crimean War, admirals V.A. Kornilov, V.I. Istomin, P.S. Nakhimov, who died on the bastions of Sevastopol, were buried in the crypt of the future temple. After the end of the Crimean War, construction of the cathedral was resumed, but it was consecrated only in 1888. The author of the project is considered to be the architect A. A. Avdeev.

In 1931, when the building was transferred to Osoaviakhim, the crypt was opened and the remains of the admirals were destroyed. During the Great Patriotic War, the temple was seriously damaged. In 1991, a special commission examined the crypt and found among the debris only fragments of bones, which were solemnly reburied in 1992.

On May 8, 2014, the great consecration of the cathedral took place in the name of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir - the tomb of Russian admirals. The rite of consecration and the Divine Liturgy in the newly consecrated cathedral were performed by: Metropolitan Lazar of Simferopol and Crimea, Metropolitan Platon of Feodosia and Kerch, Bishop Alypy of Dzhankoy and Razdolnensky, Bishop Seraphim of the Baltic, and the clergy of the city of Sevastopol.

The Admiralty Cathedral of St. Vladimir on the Central City Hill is an outstanding monument of Orthodox architecture of the 19th century, which is a single-domed cathedral in the style of Byzantine churches of the 9th - 11th centuries. The interior design of the cathedral is unique: there are no icons on its walls, instead there are marble slabs with the names of 33 heroes of the first defense, awarded the Order of St. George. In addition, here is the tomb of the admirals of the Russian fleet. The temple also houses very rare icons of the Mother of God - “Sovereign” and “Inexhaustible Chalice”.

In the upper part of the temple there are no paintings usual for churches. Instead, along the entire perimeter there are slabs of dark marble, on which are engraved the names of 33 officers who were awarded the Order of St. George during the Crimean War. In the lower part of the Church of St. Vladimir. The Admiralty Cathedral of St. Vladimir is considered a naval temple, in which not only church services are held, but also excursions are organized.