Topographic maps of Ryazan province in 1890. Fairs and inns of the Ryazan province

There are places that travelers do not visit very often. There is almost nothing to look at here. Nature gradually absorbs everything that was once created by man. Time seemed to have stopped. And one has only to be silent a little, as you begin to feel the power of this place. And one of them - settlement Old Ryazan.

Andrei and I visited here during ours. I have heard about Old Ryazan for a long time. And I really wanted to visit here. Maybe it was because of my passionate desire that the road was not as easy as it seemed.

The city that we call Ryazan today, until 1778 was called Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky... Ryazan, the capital Great Ryazan principality, was located here in Staraya Ryazan.

The first mention of Ryazan in chronicles dates back to 1096. However, settlements on this site existed even during the Neolithic period, as evidenced by the late Neolithic sites located to the south of the site. Shatrishche-1 and Shatrishche-2(Shatrishchenskoe settlement). The place for the city was chosen well: a high steep bank over the Oka. Previously, the Pronya River flowed into the Oka here, but over time the rivers changed their channels. Today, only the Spassky backwater near Spassk-Ryazansky reminds of this. Near Staraya Ryazan, the Serebryanka River flows into the Oka.

Initially, the population of Ryazan was about 1,500 people, mainly farmers and artisans lived here. Ryazan together with was a part of the Chernigov principality. In the 40s of the XII century Ryazan became the center of an independent principality. The population grew rapidly and by the beginning of the XIII century it was already 8000 people.

Large construction was carried out under Prince Gleb Rostislavovich (Prince of Ryazan from 1145, Grand Duke of Ryazan in 1161-1178). The Cathedral of the Assumption and Borisoglebsky Cathedrals, the Savior Church were built. The city has its own episcopal see.

View of Ryazan from the south. Reconstruction

Since the city occupied a border position, powerful defensive structures were built. By the beginning of the 12th century Ryazan was protected from three sides by high ramparts, from the fourth side - by the steep and high bank of the Oka. The fortified area of the city was 60 hectares. The length of the fortifications reached 1.5 km, the height of the earthen rampart reached 10 meters, and its width at the base was 23-24 meters. At least five times the people of Ryazan increased the height of the ramparts, as indicated by dense layers of black earth.

In front of the earthen rampart, there was a ditch up to 8 meters deep. The northwestern part of Ryazan, the krom (Kremlin), was separated from the rest of the city by another moat. A palisade walked along the crest of the rampart. Later, "taras" appeared - walls that were chopped and covered with clay, to which a palisade of two rows of logs adjoined from the outside.

There were three kremlin in Ryazan. The first is the grand ducal courtyard (chrome), which stood on a steep, steep northern hill and was surrounded by additional ditches. From the east, the second Kremlin (middle city), in which the city nobility lived, was adjacent to the grand ducal palace. And, finally, the city itself (the capital city) was fortified with fortress walls.

Ryazan plan, reconstruction

Ryazanians traded with Byzantium, Iran and Central Asia, Europe. They also took goods to Kiev. Silver and non-ferrous metals, beads and jewelry made of amber, rock crystal, Indian stones, wine and olive oil in amphorae were imported into the city. The craft flourished - the remains of blacksmith, bronze casting, pottery and bone-working workshops were found.

It was a rich city, in the XII-XIII centuries one of the largest in Russia ... But the year 1237 came.

Batu's invasion and fall of Ryazan

Back in 1236, refugees from the Volga Bulgaria brought disturbing news about the hordes of Mongols moving from east to west. In 1237 the Mongols came to Russia. The first large city on their way was Ryazan. The Ryazan people in vain asked for help from other Russian principalities - they turned out to be deaf to their pleas.

In the year 6745 (1237). In the twelfth year, after the miraculous image of Nikola was transferred from Korsun, the godless Tsar Baty came to the Russian land with many Tatar soldiers and became a camp on the river on Voronezh near the Ryazan land. And he sent unlucky ambassadors to Ryazan to the Grand Duke Yuri Ingvarevich Ryazan, demanding from him a tenth share in everything: in princes, in all kinds of people and in horses ...

... Tsar Batu, he was crafty and unmerciful, was inflamed with his lust and said to Prince Fyodor Yuryevich: "Let me, prince, taste the beauty of your wife." But the faithful prince Fyodor Yuryevich Ryazansky laughed only and replied to the tsar: “It is not good for us Christians to lead our wives to you, the impious tsar, for fornication. When you overcome us, then you will own our wives. " - The Tale of the Ruin of Ryazan by Batu

Batu killed the prince ... His wife, Princess Eupraxia, having learned about the death of her husband, together with her son, Prince Ivan, committed suicide, throwing herself from a high tower.

... And the cursed king Batu began to fight the Ryazan land and went to the city of Ryazan. And they surrounded the city, and fought relentlessly for five days. Batu's army changed, and the townspeople fought incessantly. And many of the townspeople were killed, while others were wounded, while others were exhausted from great labors and wounds. And on the sixth day, early in the morning, the nasty went to the city - some with lights, others with battering guns, and others with countless ladders - and took the city of Ryazan on the 21st day of December. And they came to the cathedral church of the Most Holy Theotokos, and the Grand Duchess Agrippina, the mother of the Grand Duke, with her daughters-in-law and other princesses, were beaten with swords, and they betrayed the bishop and priests to fire - they burned them in the holy church. And many others fell from weapons. And in the city of many people, and wives, and children they whipped with swords, while others were drowned in the river, and the monks of the priests were whipped without a trace, and the whole city was burned, and all the famous beauty, and the wealth of Ryazan, and relatives of the Ryazan princes - the princes of Kiev and Chernigov - captured. And the temples of God were destroyed and much blood was shed in the holy altars. And not a single living thing remained in the city: all the same they died and drank the single cup of death. There was no moaning or crying - no father and mother about children, no children about father and mother, no brother about brother, no relatives about relatives, but they all lay dead together. And it was all for our sins.

And the godless Tsar Batu saw the terrible shedding of Christian blood, and became even more angry and bitter, and went to Suzdal and to, intending to enslave the Russian land, and exterminate the Christian faith, and destroy the churches of God to the ground. - The Tale of the Ruin of Ryazan by Batu

Prince Ingvar Ingvarevich at that time was in Chernigov, where he asked for help from his brother, Prince Mikhail Vsevolodovich of Chernigov. Returning back, he saw a terrible picture:

... And he came from Chernigov to the land of Ryazan, to his fatherland, and saw it empty, and heard that all his brothers had been killed by the wicked, criminal king Batu, and came to the city of Ryazan, and saw the city ruined, and his mother, and his daughters-in-law , and his relatives, and many a multitude of people lying dead, and churches were burnt, and all the patterns from the treasury of Chernigov and Ryazan were taken. Prince Ingvar Ingvarevich saw the great last death for our sins and cried out in pity, like a trumpet calling to the army, like a sounding organ. And from that great shouting and terrible cry, he fell to the ground as dead. And they barely cast it and departed in the wind. And with difficulty his soul revived in him ...

... All that happened because of our sins. There was the city of Ryazan, and the land was Ryazan, and its wealth disappeared, and its glory departed, and it was impossible to see any of its benefits in it - only smoke, earth and ash. And the churches were all burnt, and the great church inside was burnt and blackened. And not only this city was captured, but also many others. There was no singing or ringing in the city; instead of joy - incessant crying.

And Prince Ingvar Ingvarevich went to the place where his brothers were beaten by the wicked Tsar Batu: Grand Duke Yuri Ingvarevich of Ryazansky, his brother Prince Davyd Ingvarevich, his brother Vsevolod Ingvarevich, and many local princes, and boyars, and governors, and all the army, and daredevils, and frolics, patterns and Ryazan upbringing. They all lay on the empty ground, on the grass with feather grass, frozen by snow and ice, not taken by anyone.

The beasts of their body ate, and many birds devoured them. All lay together, all died together and drank the mortal cup in a single cup. And Prince Ingvar Ingvarevich saw a great many bodies lying, and cried out in a bitterly loud voice, like a trumpet, and beat his chest with his hands, and fell to the ground ... - The Tale of the Ruin of Ryazan to Batu

Mysteries of Old Ryazan

The blessed prince Ingvar Ingvarevich, who was named Kozma in holy baptism, sat down on the table of his father, Grand Duke Ingvar Svyatoslavich. And he renewed the land of Ryazan, and set up churches, and built monasteries, and comforted the newcomers, and gathered people together. And there was joy to the Christians, whom God delivered with his mighty hand from the godless and wicked Tsar Batu. - The Tale of the Ruin of Ryazan by Batu

Archaeological evidence indicates that after the fire of 1237 the city was no longer recovered (AL Mongait. Old Ryazan. Materials and research on archeology of the USSR. 1955; VP Darkevich. Journey to ancient Ryazan: notes of an archaeologist, M., 1993 ; Ancient capital of the Ryazan land, M., 1995). However, written sources say something different. So, in "Description of the trip to Muscovy" German traveler Adam Olearius, published in 1656, Ryazan is also mentioned among the large Russian cities of that time:

There are many large and magnificent cities in Russia, among which the most notable are Moscow, Veliky Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Pskov, Smolensk ... Arkhangelsk (a large seaside and commercial city), Tver, Torzhok, Ryazan, Tula, Kaluga, Rostov, Pereyaslavl , Yaroslavl, Uglich, Vologda, Vladimir, Staraya Russa.

After traveling along the Oka and Volga, Olearius adds:

5th p. m. we drove past the town of Ryazan, etc., which used to be a large and even the main city of the whole province of this name. But when in 1568 the Crimean Tatars invaded and, beating and burning, devastated everything, this city also perished. Since, however, this province, located between the Oka and the rampart built against the Tatars, used to be a principality and, besides, being extremely fertile, surpasses all neighboring provinces in arable farming, cattle breeding and game [...], the king, after devastating it , ordered to gather a large number of people from everywhere, to process the whole country again and bring it back to the previous order. Since they found a more convenient place for the construction of the city of Ryazan, namely, where Pereyaslavl now lies 8 miles from [old] Ryazan, they transferred the remaining building material here and built a completely new city. It is called Pereyaslavl Ryazan, since most and the most prominent of the people who built and inhabited it were from Pereyaslavl, which lies as far from Moscow to the north as this city lies to the south.

In a spiritual testament Ivan the Terrible(1568-1572) Old Ryazan is mentioned among the other Ryazan cities that existed at that time. In a letter from 1588 to the Terekhov Monastery of his son, Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, Ryazan is mentioned as an existing city with its own local administration. However, in the accounting books of 1676, it is said that Staraya Ryazan turned into a village. Nevertheless, based on these and other written sources, it follows that the city continued to live after the Batu invasion.

How can this be combined with archeological data? Obviously, people could not confuse the two cities - Pereyaslavl Ryazan and Staraya Ryazan. This is also indicated by old maps, where two cities are clearly marked:

Jacob Bruce's map, drawn up at the end of the 17th century

... Indirect evidence that Old Ryazan ceased to exist not in the XIII century, but much later, are the plans for its defensive structures. So, in 1774, land surveyor Alexander Protasov, fulfilling the plan of the Pereyaslavsky district of the Staroryazan camp, put on it all the defensive ramparts of Old Ryazan that existed at that time. According to the Soviet historian and archaeologist A.L. Mongait (1955), according to this plan, all the fortifications of the city look intact. The total length of the shafts is indicated in the plan at 1,480 fathoms (3.1 kilometers) and they represent a closed irregular pentagon. Ramparts framed a rather deep moat - up to 8 meters and up to 15-20 meters wide (from the floor side of the settlement).

The cartographic plan of the settlement of Staraya Ryazan from 1836 paints a less colorful picture - literally in some 60 years the ramparts along the Oka bank collapsed, a number of ramparts on the floor side also disappeared, being "eaten" by ravines. By 1946, the length of the Ryazan ramparts (their height in some places reached 8-10 meters, and the thickness of the base - up to 22-25 meters) was, according to Mongayt, only about 1500 meters - most of them were destroyed by ravines, and also partially plowed ... Now the safety of the shafts is even worse. Thus, the rate of disappearance of the ramparts of Old Ryazan indirectly shows that if they had existed precisely from the 13th century, they would hardly have been able to survive in such a good condition by 1774. - The mysterious history of the city of Old Ryazan, http://ttolk.ru/?p=11838

The question remains open: what happened to Ryazan after Batu's invasion. You can't argue with archeological data. But what about written sources? We can only guess. Perhaps people lived around the settlement, where the village of Staraya Ryazan is now located, leaving the ruined city untouched.

Our trip to Staraya Ryazan

Arriving in Ryazan, I immediately planned a trip to Staraya Ryazan. It would seem that there is nothing complicated in it - only 50 kilometers from Ryazan, most of the road runs along the highway. What difficulties can there be? But…

Route M-5 "Ural"

The navigator paved the road, in principle, correctly - through Trinity and Spassk-Ryazansky:

The road to Staraya Ryazan, laid by the navigator

But after reading the reports of travelers, I saw a different route for everyone - from the M-5 after Kirits to turn onto the road to Razberdeevo. Moreover, if you go through Trinity and Spassk-Ryazansky, you need to cross the pontoon bridge over the Oka twice. It was not clear whether they function there or not, and in general how passable for the Focus. As a result, we drove along the second route and turned, as advised, right after the sanatorium in Kiritsy - the former Derviz estate. And we drove along the Zaseche-Nikitino-Razberdeevo road. The Yandex.Maps mobile application confidently showed that there was a road there.

Everything was great at first - great new asphalt. We were already looking forward to a meeting with the ancient settlement.

And then the asphalt was replaced by a primer. Which, moreover, turned in a completely different direction.

Country road (still asphalt)

And in the direction where we need, a field road led. We tried to drive on it, but the Ford Focus is not intended for off-road, from the word at all. Remembering ours, we stopped in front of another puddle. Fortunately, at this time Niva appeared behind. The driver confirmed that there is no passable road to Razberdeevo. I had to turn back. And it's also a shame that while we were valiantly choosing, I did not think to photograph the beautiful landscapes and the road to Razberdeevo, which existed in the imagination of Yandex.Maps.

Hedgehog on the road; we managed to slow down

True, the reward for the time spent was the magnificent views of the floodplains of the Pronya and Oka rivers.

We drove onto M-5 again and got stuck in a traffic jam due to the repair of the roadway - there was a reverse movement on a large section, which caused huge queues to accumulate on both sides. I already scolded myself with might and main that I dragged Andrey to the devil knows where - unlike me, he is a purely peaceful person.

Near Ivanovka we turned left following the sign to Razberdeevo... By the way, it is interesting that in the full version of Yandex.Maps this road is marked, and through Zasechye-Nikitino there is only a strip of a country road.

The road to Staraya Ryazan through Razberdeevo (Razberdeevo for some reason is not indicated on the map on this scale)

Here the road surface was, to put it mildly, unimportant. Only then did it get better. We were already afraid to think whether we would finally get to Old Ryazan or not.

One thing was good - on the way every now and then came across pointers to Old Ryazan. So we are going on the right course. Then the road turned sharply to the left, and powerful ramparts opened before our tired eyes. At the sight of them, all my fatigue and tension vanished as if by hand.

Having passed into the territory of the settlement, we saw a parking lot on the left. They parked the car there. And then we went on foot. An archaeologist woke up in me (fortunately, after all, there are three in the anamnesis). And I rushed forward - to the ruins churches of Boris and Gleb, a kind of symbol of Old Ryazan.

And, I think, our ordeals were not in vain. We arrived here at 8 o'clock, when the low sunset sun effectively illuminated the settlement.

Ruins of the Church of Boris and Gleb in Staraya Ryazan

On a field road we came to the ruins of the Borisoglebsk church. A six-pillar, three-apse temple with side porches in this place existed in the pre-Mongol period. After the invasion of Batu, its ruins were dismantled. Later, a wooden church was built nearby, the mention of which is found in the sources of the 17th century. In 1836, a native of Spassk, a lover of antiquity Dmitry Tikhomirov began excavating the hills - "stones", as the locals called them and from where they took the stones.

Near the dilapidated Borisoglebskaya church, Tikhomirov began excavations.

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The purpose of our research was the only one that, upon the removal of the embankment, deeper in the mainland, to open the burial place of the great princes and archpastors of Ryazan.

Burials were indeed found - under the floor of the church and in sarcophagi. Rich finds testified to the belonging of the buried to the princely family.

In 1886, a chapel was built on the site of the ancient temple. In 1913 - 1914, a new church was built here by "the support of the local landowner Sterligova", which buried all the remnants of antiquity under its foundation.

To the south of the church, behind the fence, in the trees, is a rural cemetery.

I walked forward. And before me a fantastic panorama of a huge plain opened up - the Oka floodplain. Here and there, oxbows and lakes could be seen - traces of changes in the channels of the Pronya and Oka.

In front of the temple, closer to the cliff, the remains of an ancient foundation could be seen. Perhaps these are fragments of the vestibule of the ancient Borisoglebsk church, opened by V.A. Gorodtsov in 1926.

Panorama of the Zaoksky Distant and the Foundation of the Borisoglebsk Church

A path led to the cliff. Naturally, I followed it.

With each step, an ever wider panorama of the distance beyond the Oka opened before my gaze.

From here, almost from the cliff, you can clearly see the high bank of the Oka, on which there is a settlement. Below, between the escarpment and the river - village Staraya Ryazan With Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord.

Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord (Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary) in Staraya Ryazan

Oka and Staroryazansky pontoon bridge across it

It's time to go back. I really didn't want to leave this place. But the way back to Ryazan was still waiting for us.

The trees growing on the territory of the settlement next to the rural cemetery reminded me for some reason in the Rostov region.

We got into the car. We decided to go back through the pontoon bridges. And, I must say, they did not regret it. For here the landscapes were no less interesting.

By Staroryazan pontoon (pontoon) bridge passed with caution. In my tall car, I wouldn't even have noticed him. But at Ford it was somehow dumb.

Oka (feeling that you are driving on water)

After crossing the bridge, we stopped, and I went to photograph everything around.

Staroryazan pontoon bridge and the high bank of the Oka

Oka in the evening

Boat near the cafe near the pontoon bridge

Further our path lay through Spassk-Ryazansky... According to legend, it was founded by the surviving residents of Ryazan, who moved here from the devastated city. In reality, the village of Spasskoye was founded in the 15th century as the patrimony of the now defunct Zaretsky Spassky Monastery.

Spassk-Ryazansky himself did not make any impression on me. At the exit from it, we had to pass a section of a narrow, rather bad road.

On the road between Staraya Ryazan and Trinity The eye makes a bend. Therefore, we had to cross the river on one more pontoon bridge - Troitsky.

And here a deep meaning was revealed why we did not go this way at first. The fact is that the exit from the pontoon was very steep; water splashed between it and the shore. Perhaps we would be afraid to damage the bumper if we drove up from that side.

Drove Trinity, the main decoration of which is Church of the Life-Giving Trinity Built in 1903, the bell tower - in 1837. Previously, there was the Trinity Perenitsky Monastery.

The sun was going down. And we hurried to Ryazan. To say that Old Ryazan made a strong impression on me is to say nothing. I was really depressed by both the history of this place and its beauty. Strong place!

Information for those who travel to Staraya Ryazan

After the trip, I wanted to structure the information a little for those who will go to Staraya Ryazan.

1. You can get to Staraya Ryazan in several ways. In the first two cases, we leave Ryazan along the M-5 highway to the side. The first way - we turn onto the road Trinity - Spassk-Ryazansky - Staraya Ryazan, with a crossing over two pontoon (pontoon) bridges - Troitsky and Staroryazansky. Please note that the car must be tall enough!

The second road is to turn off the M-5 near Ivanovka onto the road to Razberdeevo and follow the signs. This path is longer, but suitable for those with a low car ride. In 2015, the M-5 highway is being repaired, there are sections with reverse traffic.

You can also go from Ryazan onto the P-123 road, near Shumashi we leave to the right and go through Dubrovichi, Alekanovo, Murmino and others to Spassk-Ryazansky, and there we cross the Oka along the Staroryazansky pontoon bridge. However, I don’t know how normal the quality of this road is.

2. It is best to go to Staraya Ryazan closer to sunset. You can make very interesting shots in the rays of the low sunset sun.

3. In addition to the ramparts, the memorial cross, the ruins of the Church of Boris and Gleb and the panoramas of the Oka and the floodplain, you can also visit several more places in Staraya Ryazan:

1) a rural cemetery, where ancient gravestones have been preserved (for those who love such places);
2) the northern foundation stone (Alatyr-stone), which is located south of the settlement. A stone is a boulder that appeared here quite recently;
3) the grand ducal courtyard in the northern part of the settlement;
4) a spring on the territory of the grand ducal court;
5) the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord in 1735 in the village of Staraya Ryazan;
6) Late Paleolithic site Shatrishche to the south of the settlement. It was on this side that Batu's troops stood, frightening the Ryazan people with the fires of their fires.

Attractions of Old Ryazan on the map

This is such an incredible trip to Staraya Ryazan that we made.

Buyan-field - Smooth elevated place, open from all sides

Vzlobok - A small steep rise.

Veres - Juniper.

Portage (Portage) - Forest or forest clearing

Open-field - Edge of the field, pasture.

Vyselok (Vys.) - A small village, predominantly proprietary, located near one-fiefdom villages.

Priest - the Greatest, the highest, the highest.

City (G.) - A fortified or walled village. Management status assigned to a rural municipality, county or provincial in relation to other settlements.

Mane - An oblong upland overgrown with forest.

Village - Village, without a church, whose inhabitants are mainly peasants of different departments and live without a landowner.

Right hand - Right hand.

Dresva - Coarse sand.

Zapan - Backwater or river bay.

Zaseka (Zas.) - A defensive structure. It was a combination of dead forest notches, an earthen rampart and a ditch with forts and separate fortresses. The fortifications served as defensive lines, protecting from the raids of the Golden Horde, systematically robbing and destroying Russian cities and villages and driving the population into captivity, as well as to protect the roads.

Zybun (Zyb.) - Bog, not passable (bad) place.

Koshevnik - Wood-burning timber rafted down the river.

Cumulus sands (Kuch.) - Accumulations of loose sand around bushes and dwarf shrubs ... Height 30-50 cm, less often up to 1-2 m. In some places they consist of gravel. They are usually formed in areas with close groundwater - on salt marshes, on the shores of lakes, seas and rivers.

Leading Meadow - Bad, bad meadow.

Monastery, monastery (Mon.) - They make up various types of monastic hostels, of which the latter sometimes coincide in their meaning with churchyards or estates of the spiritual department.

Manor (m. Or Myza) - If it is proprietary, then most of it is near one-patrimonial villages, or it has the meaning of a manor at a plant and a factory, if it belongs to persons of taxation estates.

Myanda - Pine.

Novina - Cleared, but not plowed land in the forest.

Dump (Otv.) - Waste rock, slag formed during the development of minerals.

Touchstone - Touchstone Vlad. wasteland, a place abandoned by the inhabitants; fallow, fallow. Obselok, Obselok, Obselok or obselek, Psk. hard. newly populated place, settlement, new settlements, settlements.

Donkey - Donkey is akin to the outskirts, the land around the village.

Perekop - Moat.

Spit - Weed

Pogost (Pogost or Pogost) - Has a church and population, consisting of clergy and clergymen. The word churchyard comes from the word guest. The place where the merchants traded was called the churchyard. With the adoption of Christianity, churches began to be erected at the churchyards. In the 15-16th centuries. graveyards begin to wither away, hence the word graveyard has a second meaning - a lonely church.

Undercut (Under) - Cleared place in the forest.

Shame - Review, watch.

Midnight - North.

Posad (P. or Pos.) - The order of huts or a row of houses. A sedentary settlement located outside the city or fortress.

Pochinok, settlement and farm (Poch.) - Same as the settlement. Farms, however, often have the value of estates due to their agricultural character. New settlements that appeared on the first raised area were called repairs.

When one or two others arose from the original yard to be repaired, it became a village.

Wasteland (Empty) - A village turned into a wasteland if there were no residential yards left in it and arable land was abandoned.

Selishche - Big village or settlement where there is more than one church.

Village (S.) - A village with a church, which has residents mainly from peasants from different departments.

Seltso (Sel.) - A settlement of an exclusively proprietary character with a manor house and various proprietary establishments, or a village in which a landowner lives with peasants or several landowners. It may also have the name of a small village that was formerly a village.

Sloboda, Forshtat (Slob.) - A settlement with more than one church, a settlement outside the city or fortress.

Thorns - Thorny bush

Farmstead (Us.) - They are of two kinds. Ownership estates differ either by their agricultural character or by the location of landowners at a factory or factory.

Shuytsa - Left hand.

Church land (CZ) - A land plot belonging to a church parish or monastery

In 1796 the province was divided into 9 counties: Zaraysky, Kasimovsky, Mikhailovsky, Pronsky, Ranenburgsky, Ryazhsky, Ryazansky, Sapozhoksky and Skopinsky.
In 1802, the Dankovsky, Yegoryevsky and Spassky districts were formed.

Topographic maps

0. Plans of the General Survey of the end of the XVIII century. Scale in 1 inch - 1 verst (1cm - 420m) and in 1 inch - 2 versts (1cm - 840m)

Scale: 1 verst in an inch (in 1 cm - 420 m) and 1 inch - 2 versts (1 cm - 840 m)

Year of topographic survey: 1785 - 1792

Description:

Maps are detailed, not topographic, these are the very first detailed maps in the history of cartography, the relief is perfectly reproduced on the plans, small objects, villages, villages, farms are marked, mills, graveyards, etc. are marked, these are the best maps for finding coins and relics ...
The following counties of this province are available:
* Dankovsky district - Scale: 2 versts in an inch (in 1 cm - 840 m)
* Yegoryevsky district - Scale: 1 verst in an inch (in 1 cm - 420 m);
* Zaraysk district - Scale: 1 verst in an inch (in 1 cm - 420 m);
* Kasimovsky district - Scale: 1 verst in an inch (in 1 cm - 420 m);
* Mikhailovsky district - Scale: 2 versts in an inch (in 1 cm - 840 m);
* Pronsk district - Scale: 2 versts in an inch (in 1 cm - 840 m);
* Ryazhsky district - Scale: 1 verst in an inch (in 1 cm - 420 m);
* Rannenburgsky district - Scale: 1 verst in an inch (in 1 cm - 420 m);
* Sapozhkovsky district - Scale: 1 verst in an inch (in 1 cm - 420 m);
* Skopinsky district - Scale: 2 versts in an inch (in 1 cm - 840 m)
* Spassky district - Scale: 1 verst in an inch (1 cm - 420 m).

Year of topographic survey: 1792 g.

Description:

1. Map of the Ryazan district of 1925 3 versts. Fragment of the map. Sufficiently detailed topographic map.
2. Map of the Pronskaya volost of the Skopinsky district of 1925. 3 versts
3. Map of the Ryazan province(from Tambov) 10 versts. 1862 Fragment of the map
4. Map of the Tarnovo volost of the Ryazan district. 1925 of the year. 3 versts

3. Map of Ryazan province from the atlas of 1827.

Year of topographic survey: 1843 g.

Description:

The maps are not very detailed, they are well suited for historians, ethnographers and treasure hunters to determine the boundaries of counties. large villages and churches are indicated. Colored map from the atlas of 32 provinces, map attachment: the coat of arms of the province. Sample card.

Year of topographic survey: 1850 g.

Scale: 1 verst in inch (in 1 cm - 420 m)

Description:

This map contains both disappeared and existing now villages, farms, villages, roads and much more, the map is detailed and is very popular with search engines. Covers the entire province.

Year of topographic survey: 1850 g.

Scale: 2 versts in inch (in 1 cm - 840 m)

Description:

This map contains both disappeared and existing now villages, farms, villages, roads and much more, the map is detailed and is very popular with search engines. Composite sheet.

7. Topographic map of Ryazan province I.А. Strelbitsky 1865-1871

Year of topographic survey: 1865-1871

Scale: 10 versts in 1: 420,000 inches (in 1 cm - 4.2 km).

Description:

This map contains currently disappeared settlements, farms, villages and villages, all roads, inns, inns, springs and wells, as well as mosques and churches are marked, one of the best maps for a cop.
Sheets 57, 58, 59, 72, 73 belong to Ryazan province. Map fragment. Composite sheet.

8. Military topographic map of 1865 (not included in the offer)

Year of topographic survey: 1865 year.

Scale: 3 versts in inch - (1 cm - 1260 m).

Description:

Schubert military topographic map. One of the best and most loved by search engines maps. It displays all the smallest details: villages, farms, inns, taverns, wells, small roads, etc. Fragment of the map.
Scale: 3 versts in inch - (1 cm - 1260 m). Composite sheet.

Year of topographic survey: 1925 - 1945

Scale: 1:100 000

Description:

Topographic maps of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army 1925-1945
The positions of our troops and enemy troops (units, combat positions) are plotted on the map.
Detailed maps with all villages and farmsteads (including those destroyed during the Second World War), mills, ferries, churches, factories and other small objects.
A total of 29 sheets for the entire area. Composite sheet.

10. Map of the Kulikovo field. 1928 of the year.

11. Map of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army 1935 - 1937.

Year of topographic survey: 1935 - 1937

Scale: 1:500 000

Description:

Topographic maps of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army 1935 - 1937
The positions of the owls are plotted on the map. troops and troops of germany, the situation 1941-42. (headquarters, dugouts, firing points, military equipment, combat positions).
Maps with villages and farmsteads (including those destroyed during the war), bridges, crossings, churches, factories and other small objects, the list of objects is described in detail in the legend to the map.
Data sheet The map covers the entire baltic states, northern, central and southern Europe. Volume - 4.5 GB (one DVD disc)
Map Fragments - Fragment 1 Fragment 2 Fragment 3 Fragment 4
General view of one of the map plans.

Year of topographic survey: 1941-1942

Scale: 1: 250,000 (2.5 km in 1 cm.)

Description:

1955 U.S. Army maps. The maps are perfectly detailed, all settlements are indicated, including the destroyed villages and villages during the Great Patriotic War, all roads, military units and military bases, railways and stations. Although the scale is not very detailed, it allows you to accurately determine the location of the disappeared village. The maps are created on the basis of captured military maps of the 1941-42 years of the Red Army.
The map covers the entire central part of Russia Collective sheet;
You can make a selection by region.
Fragment of the map

Other materials for this province

0.

Year: 18-20 centuries

Description:
Materials for geography and statistics of Russia collected by officers of the General Staff of the Ryazan province Compiled by M. Baranovich 1860
Tarnovo parish map Ryazan province and district
Ryazan County Map 1924, scale 3 versts in inch (1 cm - 1260 m)
Scribe books of the Ryazan region., Storozhev V.N. 1900 2 volumes.
Alphabetical list of noble families of the Ryazan province entered in the noble genealogy book on January 1, 1893 by M.P. Likharev 1893
Sketch of the prehistoric past of the Ryazan region Reprints from the description of the celebration of the 800th anniversary of Ryazan Cherepnin A.I. 1896 g.
Excavation of burial mounds in Kasimovsky district F. D. Nefedov 1878
Notes on archaeological research in the Ryazan province D. Tikhomirov 1844
Pronskaya Volost Map Skopinsky district of Ryazan province 1926
History of the Ryazan principality, D. Ilovaisky 1858
Pereyaslavl Ryazansky. The past of Ryazan in the monuments of antiquity, D. Solodovnikov 1922
Ryazan Russian antiquities or news about the ancient rich grand-princely or royal decorations, Nakhodki near the village of Staraya Ryazan in 1822
Ancient letters and acts of the Ryazan region S.P-b.1856

Fairs and inns of the Ryazan province.

Let's talk about the Ryazan province. Russian land with a rich history. Adjacent to the Moscow province. The people of Ryazan had to solve many problems being alone with the steppe people. The first capital of the Ryazan principality could not recover from ruin and remained in ruins. All in all, hillocks remained. On the other side of Staraya Ryazan lies the no less ancient city of Spassk-Ryazan.
Almost all of the peninsula where Old Ryazan is located has been declared OKN. I looked through the archaeological maps of Russia and literally saw separate areas of no archaeological value. The entire area of the peninsula is a single complex of history. And only 50 sq. Km. Look at the map for yourself.
Under Isad, Prince Gleb Vladimirovich deceived his brothers and neighbors' princes with the boyars to a feast. There he interrupted them all. The lust for power and money can do anything. They say that under the old elms everything was strewn with gold and pearls. The prince and the boyars went to a noble feast and brought gifts to Gleb Vladimirovich. In the course of the slaughter, rich clothes were chopped up and jewelry scattered on the ground, trampled into the mud. Offerings with gold and silver were overturned. And all this was watered with brotherly blood. According to my calculations, about one and a half thousand people were killed. Those were the times.
It was through these places that Batu Khan passed with his 150,000 army. The army at that time was simply unheard of. Only nine days the Ryazan people were able to hold out against the Tatar hordes. During the siege there were 15,000 - 20,000 people in Ryazan. Such were the cities in those days in Russia. Tatar troops are not less than 50,000 soldiers. All residents of Ryazan were killed. The Tatars did not take anyone prisoner.
I leafed through the material and caught my eye a place where I wanted to visit. An interesting legend. Today's cases associated with this place are also interesting. Everything in order. About five hundred years ago, the Ryazhskaya notch line was created. A kind of border of the Russian state. As if by chance they found an inn in a good location. Quiet calm secluded place near the Astrakhan tract Ryazan-Ryazhsk. And they fed them well and put them to bed and spent the morning. In the bustle of the morning preparations, they did not notice that not everyone had left the yard. And when they got to the place, there weren't enough people. They thought that they had lagged behind somewhere and were about to catch up. The stragglers never caught up. The locals were told about what had happened, and in response they heard this. It turns out that this inn has been standing in that place for many years. The inn is run by a beautiful woman. She meets the guests herself and treats them with all kinds of food. And he puts to sleep on soft featherbeds. Few people left that inn in the morning. As if there were no visitors. Nobody stopped by. No trace. A cart will come to the inn in the evening, and in the morning there is no cart. No traces like a cart drove in, not the cart itself, not the horse, not the owner with his companions. They just disappeared into the morning mist. The robber buried the loot next to the inn. Only she knew the places of the cache and did not trust anyone. On these robberies, she became so rich that she built houses for her servants around the inn and a village was formed. How long did the robber live short, but the time had come for herself to move to the ones she had killed. The time of meeting with the killed and robbed was inevitably approaching. She decided to tell her descendants about her sins. I didn’t want to ask forgiveness from those who had been deprived of their lives, neither out of pity for the murdered, nor for forgiveness. I wanted to show the buried treasures. Started from afar. How I came to this land. How she killed and robbed the first visitor. How she lured and killed others. The decrepit old woman remembered everything. She described who was wearing what, what he was carrying with him and how much money he had. Talking about who was dying, she smiled slightly. Apparently, even on her deathbed, the memories of the murders gave her pleasure, and therefore she paid more attention to this part of the memories. When the listeners asked her about where she was doing the loot, she pointed to one side or the other and said what was buried there. Places promised to show how she would get a little better and she could go out into the garden. But the old woman did not get better, and a few days after the beginning of her story she moved to another world without having time to show the places of buried treasures.
They say that her descendants also hunted the same trade, but her treasures were never found. When a gold coin or a ring with a red stone never pops out of the ground, the pearls will crumble under the shovel. And they did not find anything on purpose. And how did you search? There were no devices then to see through the ground.
Friends gathered to visit the Ryazan land. I told them about this place. I asked to call in to see what and how there. I asked to take photos. We couldn't call in. The river overflowed and did not let go. After a while, some more went and asked for them. As soon as they turned off the road, the car stalled. Until we found the tractor. While dragged to the track. The driver just out of habit got into the car and turned the key in the ignition. The car grumbled with a pleasantly running engine. The guys laughed. After all, all the drivers. Well it started up, then let's go. They arrive at the turn and just drove onto the ground, the car stalled. Silence. It was already evening. Three physically strong guys looked at each other slightly shivering and decided that the best option was to leave these places. The trick with starting up on the highway did not work, and then the car was towed to the nearest town. For the third time I told my acquaintances who were driving in that direction. He said that two had already tried to get to the inn, but could not. Upon arrival, they told me the following. We arrived at the place normally. We even got there easily. Music, conversation, lunch and relaxation. A married couple - lovers of walking in the fields and forests, and all sorts of places to look. We turned off the road and stopped to look around. We got out of the car and did not even immediately understand what was happening. Behind on the highway, cars are noisy, and there is silence in front. They say they have never seen or heard anything like this. There is some kind of bird or a frog, the breeze sways the grass and rustles the foliage. There is complete silence here. Here he says you can reach the village and the inn with your hand, but your feet do not want to go. They stood like this. We got into the car and drove away. Not a timid dozen. I went hiking with them. They did not hide in the bushes if something went wrong.
This is the place I have a desire to visit. Unfortunately, this year, apparently, will not work, it is very curious what is there. If anyone goes, take a picture of those places and send them by e-mail. I will be grateful.
Directions to the inn.
Village Luzhki on PGM
We must continue, otherwise I see the readers come in and the new places are not described. Today I will write until midnight and spread it out a little bit, so come on in.
We directed our feet in the direction of Ryazhsk and therefore we will look around, and for this it is best to look at the map.

Looking at the map, we make a decision about the direction of movement.
First of all, I would visit the Suisk area. I think a lot of interesting things can be seen in this small area.
Slightly to the side we see the village of Stolptsy on the map. One of the first needle factories was built in this village. Peter I introduced barrage for foreign needles and thereby stimulated needle production in Russia. A little further south in the village of Kolentsy, a needle factory was also built. Thanks to these factories, these areas have grown and improved. With the money received from the production of needles, churches were built in the villages, and schools at the churches.
To the right of the road is the village of Nikitino. The first mention of the village is 1628. And as a village even earlier. Two fairs were held. I guess at this place. Mandatory availability of water for livestock, roads and two river crossings. There are two abandoned villages near the village.
There was a big fair in Korablino and it lasted three days, but according to my estimates, this place is built up. It would be nice to see to inspect the banks of the Dunaichik River after all, the road to the tract. This is not for everybody.

We drive further south beyond Ryazhsk and see "Berezovo, a village in Ryazhsky district, Marchukovsky 2nd rural district." Mentioned in the Ryazhskaya register book of 1676. The place was just interesting. It is very interesting and there is a desire to visit it.
We are now looking at the old map.
We look at satellite images.
And all that is near.
Interesting pictures aren't they? At least buy a house there and live.
Ryazan province in those distant times was famous for horse breeding. And where they were bred there and traded only moved from one settlement to another. They will trade there for two days. We will move to another place where the grass is fresher and the water is cleaner. So the herds moved from one meta to another. But there was a fair for all the fairs for a feast for the eyes. The pedigree stallion was sold on it for 5,000 rubles. This is a lot of money at the time. An ordinary work horse cost 100-500 rubles. These ordinary horses were sold for up to 4,000 in five days of trading. They came for horses from Moscow, the Tula province and other places. In addition to horses, cows were traded. The rest is all accompanying as at other fairs. The people gathered daily up to 3,000 people. On other days, there were cases of up to 10,000 people. (I ask that I did not finish writing the request yesterday. The Internet was cut down. Problems from the provider. Only in the morning they restored it.)
Naturally, anyone who has read the lists of the Ryazan Province Fairs will immediately say that this is Samodurovka. And lay out as proof.
Feverishly in the search engine we type Samodurovka Ryazan and the map is displayed to us.
Making a selection of maps.
Finding maps of the Red Army
And of course we are looking for PGM. We find, but the name is a little different. We recall the history of the names of villages and villages in those distant times. The owner has changed and the name has changed. Pay no attention - download the card and print it.
Collecting a backpack is a matter of a few minutes and off you go. Even on the road, doubts begin to creep in about whether I'm going there. Another Samodurovka, after all, no means right. And where is the railway on which horses and cows were brought? Couldn't write from the bulldozer. It's not a blog to write, and one could get into hard labor.
Everything is correct in those days, the name of the settlement had several and the two settlements could be quite close. It is not uncommon for villages to be called by the last name of the owner. We understand that this is Samodurovka, but not that one.
We sit down for cards and books. We read, watch, compare, and all over again and in a circle. Finally, the understanding comes that this is the village of Novonikolskoye at the PGM.
And we find one more card.
I draw your attention to how the village is drawn - in a mirror image. Let's not judge strictly the cartographers of that time. Just think how hard it is to issue such a volume of cards manually. I just have to say thank you.
The number of courtyards is striking 412. Just a huge number of courtyards for those times. We read the history and find out that the village was originally called Novonikolskoye. Mentioned for the first time in 1687. By the end of the 17th century, the Nativity of Christ Church was built in the village. At the same time, events took place due to which the village was named Samodurovka. During the seizure of lands by Prince Dolgoruky V.V. Cossacks resisted and were forcibly evicted to other lands. After these events, the double name was Novonikolskoe (Samodurovka) or Samodurovka (Novo-Nikolskoe).
And this is Samodurovka view from space today. No changes. All the same.
Only now there are no more than 20 residents in the village. Ruins of houses are visible from space.
This is a temple. More precisely what is left.
And of course we are looking for a modern map. As you can see, the name of the village is different. Now the village is called Zorino. It was renamed on January 10, 1966 by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR in honor of S.P. Zorin, Hero of the Soviet Union, who was born in the village.
To understand where the fair was held, let's look at the map from a bird's eye view.
It is sad to see how such previously large settlements are dying. Below Zorin, the village of Butyrki also died.
Previously on PGM maps.
And now the view from space.
Five kilometers from Samodurovka to the west is the Ukholovo railway station, that's where cattle were delivered by rail. When driving to the fair, the river where you could drink the cattle. Along the bank of the Mostya river, one must look for traces of the fair. Where could so many animals be fed? There were from 2000 to 4000 horses and how many thousand head of cattle. Suppose that the cattle were watered from the reservoirs of Samodurovka, then from where did the people take water for themselves? The cattle grazed and drank here. Here it was sold. Let me remind you that the trading time is mid-summer. The heat and not only people but also the cattle had to hide from the hot sun. Where? All in the same place by the river.
Slightly north of Samodurovka is the town of Sapozhok with a five-hundred-year history. The main occupation of the townspeople was trade. The number of trade certificates taken was 1240 in 1882. There were three fairs a year. Not as large as in Samodurovka, but more frequent and one even lasted a whole week. They traded in various goods, but always in horses and cattle. There were two factories in Sapozhka, a post station and a hospital. Children studied in two schools. There were five churches.