The development of education in India briefly. How Russians can leave to study in India: applying for a study visa

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The structure of secondary education

Children start going to school at the age of four. Teaching is often conducted in English.

The first stage of education is ten years, the second - two years. This concludes compulsory secondary education. The next three years can be studied both at school (preparation for entering the university) and at a vocational college (here students receive secondary specialized education). There are also specialized craft schools where, after eight to ten years of study, the student, along with secondary education, receives any profession in demand: seamstresses, mechanics, locksmiths.

In secondary school, students receive general general education, then they move on to high school, where they are divided into two profiles: classical education and vocational education. Different Indian states have different levels of education. The Certificate of Secondary Education is issued by the Indian Schools Certificate Board.

The passing of the subject is evaluated by indicators, among which level 1 is the highest mark, and level 9 is the lowest. A certificate can only be issued upon passing exams within levels 1 to 7.

The standard grade for the internal exam in the subject “Socially useful, industrial work and citizenship” (abbreviation SSW and GV) is determined by the indicator in letters, among which A is the highest grade, and E is the lowest. A certificate can only be issued upon passing an exam within levels A to D.

Students who are issued a certificate must pass internal examinations at their school with a "satisfactory" in the following subjects: second language (Hindi) - oral exam, third language (Sanskrit) - passing the material from 5th to 8th grade, art, physical education, moral and spiritual values. A certificate of passing exams is issued to students who have passed a standard of exams in at least 5 subjects, which must include an English language exam. A certificate of passing examinations is not issued until students have reached the percentage score levels in the Social, Industrial and Citizenship subject, which they must pass within their school.

High school or high school includes classical and technical subjects, although in most Indian states, technical education is also available in colleges. One-year and two-year technical training programs have been developed after the eighth and tenth grades, after which students can receive industrial training. In addition, in India there are vocational schools and courses in health and nursing, home economics courses, entrepreneurship courses for starting a business, training young people to work in various professional fields and graduating service workers. This is how the labor force is trained in the Indian states. Most vocational education and training programs are public. In private educational institutions, funds for them are also sponsored by the state. Students pay only part of their tuition by paying a nominal tuition fee (approximately 50 rupees per year). The training is financed by the Department of Vocational Education under the Committee for School Education and the Committee for Technical Education under the Ministry of Human Resource Development, which monitor the progress of vocational and technical education programs. After two years of study, students take exams administered by the various State Boards of Secondary/General Upper Secondary Education. The written assignments they complete during their studies do not affect their final grade: it is the sum of the scores they receive in the final exam administered by the Council.

In modern India, the hallmark of the development of education is the emphasis that the education instilled in our children will determine the character of the nation in the future.

"teacher-student" system

Ancient Hindu treatises depict an exploratory learning process, where teachers and students jointly search for the truth, reasoning and resorting to questions. However, these texts only captured an even earlier oral tradition, in which the relationship between gurus (teachers) and shishyas (disciples) became almost the main religious component of Hinduism. In traditional Indian texts, some teach, others learn, and not always teaching initially higher in position.

In the gurukul system, anyone who wanted to learn went to the guru's house and asked to be taught. If the guru accepted him as a shishya, the newly minted disciple helped him around the house, at the same time learning how to manage. And the guru, meanwhile, talked about everything that the child wanted to know: from Sanskrit to sacred texts and from mathematics to metaphysics. The student stayed with him as long as he wanted, until the guru felt that he had already taught him everything that he himself knew. Learning was natural, vital and did not come down to memorizing individual information.

In general, the Indian way of teaching is understood as a sacred duty, a mission, an ethical act, a social obligation, on the proper implementation of which the well-being of society depends. The teacher leads the student from the darkness of ignorance to the light of knowledge, removes the lid from the lamp of learning and releases the light. The Sanskrit andhakara ('darkness') means not just intellectual ignorance, but spiritual blindness, which the teacher should be able to eliminate. The ancient philosophy of education even considered knowledge to be the third eye of man.

Today, the very word "Teacher" sounds very respectable in India, because everyone understands the importance of the role of such a person both for education and for society throughout the country. Teacher's Day is celebrated on September 5, the birthday of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and is a tribute to the memory of the great teacher.

In India, educators are friendly, open minded, inspire students and help them a lot in building their careers. Behind the fame of many Indians is the enormous contribution of their teachers, and among the teachers themselves there are many famous people. Indian professors are famous for not only giving lectures, but also helping their audience to build relationships with the subject area being studied (including after class and in additional courses). Thanks to this integrated approach, students become more interesting to learn, it is easier to be curious and more free to create.

By the way, the Gurukul system has not disappeared in India until now. Modern gurus are considered the embodiments of knowledge, ethics and care, and in the image of shishya the strong-willed component has increased, but it is still a respectful student who considers his teacher a beacon illuminating the right path.

india education guru supreme

Higher education

Higher education can be obtained at 221 universities in the country. Among them, 16 are central universities, and the rest operate in accordance with the acts of the states. The total number of colleges in the country is 10555.

In addition to the traditional ones, there are universities in India with a pronounced specificity: Visva Bharati; Indira Kala Sangith in Hairagarh, where they introduce exclusively Indian music; Rabindra Bharati in Kolkata, which focuses on teaching Bengali and Tagore studies; women's university in Bombay.

Among universities there are small (from 1-3 thousand students) and giants (more than 100 thousand students). There are universities with one specialty and one faculty, there are universities with many faculties.

The largest universities in India are: Calcutta (150 thousand students), Bombay (Mumbai, 150 thousand), Rajasthan (150 thousand), Delhi (130 thousand), M.K. Gandhi (150 thousand).

Technical education plays an extremely important role in India's national economy and human resource development. Over the past half century, this area of education has developed significantly. Currently, 185 institutes offer graduate programs in engineering and technical disciplines, which enroll 16,800 students annually. In addition to state institutes and institutes of technology in the states, there are those that are jointly run by the central and state governments, as well as private institutions. All of them are recognized by the regulatory body in the field of higher technical education - the All India Council for Technical Education, founded by the Government of India.

Among the main institutes that train technologists and managers are technical institutes in Mumbai, Delhi, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Chennai and Guwahati, as well as six management institutes in Ahmedabad, Kolkata, Bangalore, Lucknow, Indore and Calicut. It takes three years to complete a first university degree.

There are three levels of qualifications principles within the higher education system in India:

*Bachelor / Undergraduate level,

*Master / Postgraduate level,

*Doctoral / Pre-doctoral level.

Undergraduate - Bachelor / Undergraduate level

It takes 3 years to complete a Bachelor's Degree in Arts, Commerce and Sciences (after a 12-year cycle of schooling)

Bachelor in Agriculture, Dentistry, Pharmacopoeia, Veterinary Medicine - 4 years

Bachelor in Architecture and Medicine - 5-5 and a half years

Completely different terms for obtaining a Bachelor's degree in journalism, library science and law - from 3-5 years, depending on the type of degree.

Master - Master's / Post-graduate level

Obtaining a master's degree usually takes two years. The curriculum may include either attending classes and/or directly writing a research paper.

Doctorate - Doctoral / Pre-doctoral level

At the Pre-doctoral level (Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)) enrollment occurs after the completion of the master's degree. This program may include either attending classes and writing a research paper, or full concentration on writing a research paper.

The Doctorate (PhD) degree is awarded after an additional two years following the completion of the M.Phil. or three years after receiving the Master's degree.

The doctoral program includes original research writing

Level of education (statistical indicators)

At present, the number of literate people is 562.01 million, of which 75% are men and 25% are women.

According to statistics in India, only 5-6% of the total number of young people aged 17-23 study in higher education, it seems a little, but nevertheless it is more than 6.5 million students. In recent years, the number of students studying engineering and technical specialties prevails, while about 40% of students study the humanities.

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Stages and types of education in India

The educational system of India includes several stages:

preschool education;
school (secondary and complete);
secondary vocational education;
higher and postgraduate education with academic degrees (bachelor, master, doctor).

Accordingly, according to the types of education in India, it is divided into secondary, complete secondary, vocational, higher and additional higher education.

The non-state educational system operates under two programs. The first provides for the education of schoolchildren, the second - adults. The age range is from nine to forty years old. There is also an open learning system, within which several open universities and schools operate in the country.

Preschool education

Traditionally in India, young children have always been under the supervision of mothers and relatives. Therefore, the system of kindergartens in this country simply never existed. The problem has become acute in recent decades, when both parents often work in the family. Therefore, additional groups have been created throughout schools, operating on the principle of preparatory classes. As a rule, preschool education begins at the age of three, learning takes place in the form of a game. It is noteworthy that already at this age children begin to learn English. The process of preparing for school lasts one to two years.

Secondary education

School education in India is built according to a single scheme. The child starts school at the age of four. Education in the first ten years (secondary education) is free, compulsory and carried out according to the standard general education program. Main disciplines: history, geography, mathematics, computer science and a subject, the free translation of which is denoted by the word "science". From the 7th grade, “science” is divided into biology, chemistry, and physics familiar to Russia. "Politics" is also taught, the equivalent of our natural sciences.

If in the first stage of school education in India the program is the same for everyone, then reaching the age of fourteen and moving to the upper grades (complete secondary education), students make a choice between fundamental and vocational education. Accordingly, there is an in-depth study of the subjects of the chosen course.

Preparation for entering universities takes place in schools. Students who choose vocational training go on to colleges and receive secondary specialized education. India is also rich in a large number and variety of craft schools. There, for several years, the student also, in addition to secondary education, receives a profession that is in demand in the country.

In schools in India, in addition to the native (regional) language, it is mandatory to study an “additional official” - English. This is explained by the unusually large number of languages of the multinational and numerous Indian people. It is no coincidence that English is the generally accepted language of the educational process; most textbooks are written in it. It is also obligatory to study a third language (German, French, Hindi or Sanskrit).

Schooling takes place six days a week. The number of lessons varies from six to eight per day. Most schools have free meals for children. There are no grades in Indian schools. But twice a year there are compulsory school-wide exams, and in the senior classes - national ones. All exams are written and taken as tests. The vast majority of teachers in Indian schools are men.

School holidays in India are relatively short. Vacation time falls in December and June. During the summer holidays, which last for a whole month, children's camps open in schools. There, in addition to recreation and entertainment with children, traditional creative educational activities are held.

The Indian secondary education system has both public and private schools. Obtaining secondary school education in public schools is usually free. For children from low-income Indian families, of which there are quite a lot in this country, there are benefits in the form of textbooks, notebooks, and scholarships. Education in private institutions is paid, but the prices for education in them are quite affordable for families, even with low incomes. Feedback on the quality of education often speaks in favor of private schools. There are also elite expensive gymnasiums that work on individual programs.

Russian schools in India

Education in India for Russian children is provided in three public schools that operate under the diplomatic services of Russia. The secondary school is located in New Delhi at the Russian embassy. In Mumbai and Chennai, elementary schools operate under the Consulates General of Russia. Education for Russian children is possible in absentia. The Russian School in New Delhi implements approved programs for primary, basic and secondary general education. The language of instruction is Russian. Of course, education for Russian children is quite possible in ordinary Indian schools, both private and public. But all subjects there are taught almost everywhere in English.

Higher education in India

Higher education in India is prestigious, diverse and popular among young people. More than two hundred universities operate in the country, most of which are focused on European standards of education. The system of higher education is presented in the usual three-level form for Europeans. Students, depending on the period of study and the chosen profession, receive bachelor's, master's or doctoral degrees.

Among the most popular and prestigious universities are Calcutta, Mumbai, Delhi, Rajasthan, each of these universities has 130-150 thousand students. In recent decades, due to the steady development of the Indian economy, the number of engineering universities has increased. One of the most attractive and worthy here are the Indian Institute of Technology and the Institute of Management. Moreover, in the latter 50% of students are foreign students.

The proportion of humanities graduates in India is about 40%. Along with traditional universities, there are a lot of highly specialized higher educational institutions in the country, focused in particular on native culture, history, art, and languages.

Studying in India for international students

Getting higher education in India is becoming more and more popular among foreign students, including Russian ones. This is explained by several factors:

the high and increasing level of higher education in India;
in comparison with European prices, studying at Indian universities is much cheaper, the overall low cost of living in the country;
a large number of internship and student exchange programs with universities in India;
active state stimulation of education in the form of grants and scholarships.

It is noteworthy that for admission to an Indian university, there is no need to pass the entrance exams. Testing is used only in special cases. But there are strict requirements for knowledge of English, without which the road to most Indian universities will be closed. In all more or less large cities of India, there are inexpensive and qualified English courses.

For admission to the bachelor's degree, you must provide:

certificate of complete secondary education;
a document containing information about the disciplines and grades passed at the school;
documentary evidence of solvency for students on a commercial basis.

Education in Indian universities is also relevant for people who already have higher education. For admission to the magistracy, it will be necessary to provide a document on complete secondary education and a certified copy of the diploma. Upon admission to doctoral studies, a copy of the master's degree and other documents indicating the applicant's qualifications will be required, respectively.

All documents of foreign students must be legalized: translated into English, certified by a notary.

Free education in India

Postgraduate education in India can also be free, as well as initial university education. For these purposes, institutions regularly allocate grants, which require at least a diploma and all the same knowledge of the English language. Free education in India can also be achieved with the help of ITEC - a program of technical and economic cooperation.

The education system in modern India, on the one hand, is constantly being improved in accordance with the latest innovative developments in education, and on the other hand, it is rooted in the depths of centuries, in the tradition shishya guru the transfer of knowledge from teacher to student.

According to the Hindu concept of the four stages of life, ashrams, apprenticeship period, brahmacharya, was one of the main stages of human life, without the proper implementation of which a person simply could not take place in life and fulfill his destiny.

In those located at monasteries or directly at the teacher's house, guru ancient Indian schools called gurukula, high-born students studied the basics of Hinduism and philosophy, Ayurveda and astrology for free, memorized huge passages from the Ramayana and Mahabharata, got acquainted with Sanskrit classical literature and the art of government, and also acquired weapons skills. It was believed that the guru gives his disciples a second birth, and therefore he should be revered on an equal footing with his father and mother. At the end of the course, students were required to guru-dakshina, a rite of gratitude to the teacher, which could consist both in the offering of valuable gifts or money to the guru, and in the unquestioning execution of his will.

The system of universities also developed in ancient India, among which educational institutions in Takshashila (Taksila) (according to some dates, 5th century BC, now belongs to Pakistan) and Nalanda University on the territory of modern Bihar (5th century BC) can be distinguished. AD).

The difficult history of India could not but affect educational traditions. And today, along with secular, public and private, paid and free schools, there are a large number of religious educational institutions that can be located at temples or separately - Hindu ashrams, Muslim madrasah, Sikh gurudwar, Christian boarding houses. During the British rule in India, the British system of education, both school and higher, became widespread, the active introduction of which in the 1830s. Lord Thomas Bebington Macaulay began. The Nobel Prize in Literature, received by Rabindranath Tagore in 1913, allowed the great poet to turn the school he had previously founded for peasant children in Shantineketan into India's first free university, which still operates to this day.

The education system in independent India consists of three main levels - primary (compulsory for everyone, covers children 6-14 years old), secondary (passing compulsory exams is divided into two levels, 2 and 2+, covers children 14-18 years old) and higher. The main tasks facing the state bodies that control the education system are the universal distribution of primary education, the availability of education for representatives of all social strata, regardless of gender, as well as improving the quality of primary and secondary education. There is an opportunity to receive education both in one of the state and regional languages, which also extends to education in a number of universities - most often, those that work not at the federal level, but at the state level.

In terms of the number of universities and the prevalence of higher education, India ranks 3rd in the world after the USA and China. Many Indian universities are world famous - Indian Institute of Technologies (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Chennai Mathematical Institute (CMI), Allahabad Agricultural Institute (new name Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technologies and Sciences Allahabad, AAIDU), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), etc.

In addition to full-time education, many universities in India offer distance learning (both at the level of individual special courses and at the level of obtaining a full-fledged higher education), including for foreign students. Distance programs also exist on the basis of several universities at once, united specifically to prepare such programs (for example, joint distance programs under the brand name "Virtual University" (Virtual University) are at the universities of Madras, Calcutta and Mumbai).

Education at a university for Indians can be both paid and free, which may depend not only on the level of preparation (there are a number of free universities and places, students who receive the highest scores in exams can automatically receive scholarships for education), but sometimes on the origin of the student (a system of quotas for places for representatives of various social groups, regtons, tribes, etc. has been developed).

Among foreigners, Indian universities enjoy a long and well-deserved popularity. Traditionally, many students come to study in India from neighboring countries of South Asia, as well as from the African continent. Students from all over the world traditionally go to study in India in a number of areas in which India occupies a leading position in the world (primarily in the fields of information and innovative technologies). This is largely facilitated by a well-thought-out policy in the field of higher education - teaching in English, international diplomas, reasonable prices for studying and living in the country.

Entry requirements for foreigners can vary greatly depending on the particular institution or course chosen, however, almost all major federal universities offer programs for international students at the bachelor's degree (B.A.), master's degree (MA), and often postgraduate education (M .Phil., PhD., etc.). A system of short-term trainings in specific specializations and summer schools has also been developed. In some cases, foreign students also have the opportunity to receive a scholarship for study, both directly from the university, and from private or public funds. All information about these numerous opportunities can be found on the websites of the universities of interest.

There are also government funding programs for studying in India for foreigners who work on a competitive basis. The main coordinator of such programs around the world is the Indian Council of Cultural Relations (ICCR). In Russia, information about existing programs, requirements for candidates, as well as the timing of competitions can also be found on the website of the Embassy of the Republic of India in the Russian Federation. At the same time, potential students are provided with the widest range of opportunities to receive grants - both for a full-fledged course of study (ICCR scholarship), and for short-term courses for retraining or advanced training in specific specialties under the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Program (ITEC program). The ICCR grant competition takes place annually, usually in winter, and you can apply for an ITEC scholarship several times a year.

It is important to note that Indian scholarship programs can be of interest not only for students studying fundamental disciplines, but also for students of creative specialties. The Indian government provides grants for education in Indian schools of dance, music, etc.

See also:

Indian dances
Indian dance is a more multifaceted concept; it is a whole world, inextricably linked with music, singing, theater, literature, religion and philosophy.

Centers for Indian Studies in Russia
Where in Russia they study India

Exploring Ancient India
The teaching of Indian languages and literature at St. Petersburg University began in 1836, when R. Kh. Lenz was invited to lecture on Sanskrit and comparative linguistics. (1808-1836), but the systematic study of Indian philology began after the creation of the Faculty of Oriental Languages and the opening of the Department of Indian Philology (1958).

Russian Studies Centers in India
Where in India they study Russia

Business in India
At present, the Indian economy is going through a difficult process of fairly intensive integration into the world economic system.

Voronezh State University (VSU) has signed an agreement on academic cooperation and student exchange with the Indian Institute of Management Technologies Birla, the Russian university said on Monday.

Tutorials
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Most Russian applicants and students, choosing a university, prefer the United States and Western European countries. But many Europeans and Americans go to study in Asia. Not the last place in the "big six" of the countries participating in the market of Eastern education is occupied by India. Russians, participating in a special program, can get higher education in India for free in 2020.

India attracts European and Russian students not only by the opportunity to get an education at a relatively low price. The main advantage of Indian education is the focus on European standards. As in European countries, students have the right to enter both college and any chosen university. In total, there are more than 15 thousand colleges and about 300 universities on the territory of the Indian state.

Indian universities have a three-tier system. Curricula are in many ways similar to those of European universities. PhD students studying Indian history and culture are especially respected.

Main advantages

The main advantage of getting an education in the Indian state is the democratic cost of the services of universities and colleges. This country is a former British colony. Therefore, education here is based on English traditions. The learning process takes place in English.

If the applicant does not speak English well, he has the opportunity to take language courses at the chosen university. The level of education in language schools is quite high. English is taught by native speakers. It is not necessary to take special entrance examinations. Indian universities do not impose strict requirements on the performance of foreign applicants.

Living in the Indian state is much cheaper than in other Asian countries. Another plus is providing the student with a place in the hostel. This allows him to save a considerable amount of money.

Graduates of Indian universities have good chances of employment in any of the American and European companies. There are a lot of specialties here. If you wish, you can enter even the most "rare" specialty. The following specialties are the most popular:

Management.
Jewelry business.
Pharmacology.

Technological and engineering specialties are no less popular. Today on the territory of the Indian state there is a considerable number of serious organizations implementing major international projects.

Studying in India has a number of distinctive features. Indian subject teachers not only give lectures, but also educate students in the motivation to study a particular discipline. Many students attend additional classes in which teachers help them build a relationship with the discipline being studied.

Obtaining a student visa

Every person who wants to study in India in 2020 is required to apply for a student visa. This document entitles the student to stay in the territory of the Indian state during the entire period of study. To obtain a visa, the applicant undertakes to prepare the following documents:

high-quality photocopy of the first page of the civil passport;
quality photograph;
bank account statement (the amount should vary from 1.0 to 2.0 thousand US dollars);
letter of confirmation of admission to the university;
a photocopy of the tuition fee receipt.

On average, a student visa document is issued from 5 to 10 days. But if at least one of the documents caused complaints, then the processing time may be delayed.

Anyone who goes to study under the ITEC program is entitled to a free visa application. All others are obliged to pay the visa and consular fees.

Training according to a special program

Not so long ago, applicants from Russia had the opportunity to study in the Indian state under a special ITEC program. This program is perfect for anyone who wants to improve their knowledge and skills. Anyone who wants to improve their skills can also take part in the program.

Course duration varies from 14 days to 52 weeks. The main advantage of this program is that the participant does not need to pay for the flight, food and accommodation. You can participate in the program by filling out and submitting an application form. You can apply for the program at an Indian diplomatic office. You can download the application form on the official website of the Indian Embassy.

The final decision regarding the admission of a foreign student is up to the management of the university. If a student does not meet the basic criteria, then his application is rejected.

Grants are provided to graduates of Russian universities, as well as applicants and applicants for a degree in any of the disciplines taught at Indian universities. Students and graduates of medical universities cannot count on receiving grants.

Trigonometry, algebra and the basic concept of calculation came to us. The ancient game / chess / also comes from India. The modern education system was formed in India after 1947 when the state gained independence.

What is the education system of India at this stage?
If we talk about preschool education, then it is somewhat different than in Russia. Due to the increased number of working parents, special "day care" groups have appeared in India, where the child can be left during the day. All of them, as a rule, work at "pre school" ("preparatory school")
In the "pre school" itself, which must be attended before entering school, there are the following groups: playgroup, nurs ery, LKG and UKG. Compared to our system, we divide them like this: Playgroup or "game group" is something like a nursery; Nursery is translated as "nursery group", but it's more like our average; LKG (Lower KinderGarten) senior group; UKG (Upper KinderGarten) preparatory group. In the first two groups, kids are brought for 2, maximum 3 hours a day, in the next they study for 3 hours.

Just like in Russia, preparing children for school very important. It is interesting to know the criteria for evaluating a child when preparing children for school?! And they are:
Social development of the child: with other children, the ability to listen and do something together, solve problems, the ability to share (toys, food), express their feelings and desires, the ability to resolve conflicts, etc.
Speech and readiness to read: the ability to tell about what happened, history, repetition of sounds, simple sentences of 5-10 words, interest in reading, books, the ability to hold them correctly, reading simple 3 4 compound words, for capital and capital letters, independent writing your name.
Mathematics: performing tasks on recognition of shapes, the ability to draw them, sorting objects of a certain shape, understanding the words "more, less, the same", counting up to 100, writing numbers from 1 to 100, understanding serial numbers "first, second, etc. .". Possession of the following concepts: location: right, left, under, above, on, between. Length: short, long, shorter, longest,.. . Comparisons: big and small, bigger and smaller, thin and fat, a lot and a little, light and heavy, tall and short
Knowing your age.
Physical skills: moving in a straight line, jumping, bouncing, jumping rope, flexibility, stretching, balancing, playing with a ball, ... .
Fine motor skills: using crayons and pencils, brushes, drawing with fingers, cutting, playing with cubes, making puzzles. Ability to tie shoelaces, quickly fasten zippers, buttons.
Basic knowledge: own name, parts, seasons, domestic, wild and marine, farm animals,..
Understanding the basics of health.
Knowledge of basic professions, religious festivals and celebrations, various .
Auditory skills: ability to listen without interrupting, retelling stories, recognizing familiar stories and melodies, sense of rhythm, knowledge and understanding of simple rhymes, ... .
Writing skills: writing words from left to right, 2-3 compound words, leaving spaces between words, spelling out the most frequently used words.
Ability to draw: star, oval, heart, square, circle, rectangle and rhombus.
Here is a detailed report on the child.

Children are evaluated on all these items as follows: "asterisk" is all within the normal range, NE needs additional classes, NA skills are absent.

In modern India, the hallmark of the development of education is the emphasis on the fact that the education inherent in children will determine the character of the nation in the future. In education, the main goal is to reveal the child's abilities and cultivate positive qualities.
And then "Welcome to School"!

Indian parents need to choose which standard of education they prefer CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) or ICSE (Indian Certificate of Secondary Education).

Firstly, CBSE the schools are under the patronage of the Government of India and, in addition, only graduates of CBSE schools are hired for civil service. Schools teach in English and Hindi (it happens less frequently), they are generally more focused on those who will stay and work in the country, and they can also enroll students who previously studied at ICSE schools, but you cannot enter ICSE after CBSE.

Two other big pluses of these schools are more frequent and regular updates of the school curriculum, as well as an easier form of examinations. For example, when passing the "chemistry, physics, biology" package, you need to score 100% in general, but in the ICSE school in each subject you should get at least 33%.

For admission in a higher education institution in India you don't have to take an entrance exam. Enrollment is based on graduation results.

Today, India has one of the largest higher education networks in the world.
Universities in India are established by the central or state governments through legislation, while colleges are established either by state governments or private entities.
All colleges are affiliated with a university.
Different Types of Universities A central university or a state university while the former is funded by the Department of Human Resources Development, the latter is established and funded by the state governments.

Non-state universities have the same academic status and university privileges. For example, the Deccan Graduate College and the Pune Research Institute; Tata University of Social Sciences in ; Indian Institute of Sciences in Bangalore, etc.

College classification
Colleges in India fall into four different categories. Categorization is based on the courses they offer (professional courses), their ownership status (private/public), or their association with the university (affiliates/owned by the university).
University colleges. These colleges are run by the micro-universities themselves and in most cases are located on campus.
government colleges. There are not many government colleges, about 15-20% of the total. They are run by state governments. As is the case with university colleges, the university to which these colleges belong administers examinations, determines courses of study, and awards degrees.
professional colleges. In most cases, vocational colleges provide education in engineering, engineering, and management. Some give education in other areas. They are funded and managed either by the government or by private initiative.
private colleges. About 70% of colleges are created by private organizations or institutions. However, these institutions are also governed by the rules and regulations of the university of which they are affiliated. Although they came about through private initiative, the state government also sponsors these colleges.

In addition to traditional universities, there are universities with a pronounced specification: Vishva Bharati; Indira Kala Sangeet in Hairagarh (study Indian music); Women's University in Mumbai, Rabindra Bharati in Kolkata (the Bengali language and Tagore studies are being studied).

There are universities with one faculty and specialty, but there are also universities with a large number of faculties. The number of students in higher educational institutions varies from 13,000 to 100,000 students.

The higher education system in India has 3 levels.

Bachelor's degree implies training from three years of scientific discipline, and up to 4 years for those who want to get an education in the fields of agriculture, dentistry, pharmacology, veterinary medicine. If you want to study medicine and architecture, it will take five and a half years. Journalists, lawyers and librarians have 3-5 years of undergraduate studies.

The next level of higher education is master's degree. In any discipline, to obtain a master's degree, you must complete two years of study and write a research paper.

Doctorate is the third stage of education. After receiving a master's degree, one can be enrolled in the Pre-doctoral level to obtain a Master of Philosophy (M. Phil.) degree, it is necessary to unlearn a year.

To get a Ph.D. degree, you need to attend classes and write a research paper for another two to three years.

Today, India has not only become one of the nuclear powers, it has become one of the world leaders in the development and production of intelligent technologies. The modern system of education in India is inimitable and unique; it has rightfully entered the world economic system.