Local self-government and governors in the Russian Empire. Local self-government in the Russian Empire Elected bodies of local self-government in 1864 were called

2. Why did Alexander 1 refuse to introduce a constitution in Russia after the war?

A) Peasant riots prevented; B) the war of 1812 prevented; C) the nobility resisted the reforms.

3. Decree on free cultivators of 1803:

A) granted personal freedom to state peasants; B) consolidated the privileges of single-palace peasants; C) allowed the landowners to release their peasants for ransom.

4. What part of the population of the Russian village was affected by the reforms of P. D. Kiselyov? A) state peasants; b) landowners; c) serf yard peasants; d) serfs plowed peasants;; e) residents of military settlements.

5. What obligations did Russia take on under the Treaty of Tilsit? A) had to recognize France for all territorial changes in Europe; B) became an ally of France in the war against England; C) was obliged to enter the war against England.

6. Determine who is it?“I was born into the family of a poor landowner. In 1808-1810. served as minister of war. Since 1815, he actually led the State Council and the activities of the ministries. He was distinguished by impeccable honesty. Executive official. He was merciless and even inhuman in his diligence. And it was these traits that caused a negative attitude towards him from those around him. A) N. Novosiltsev; B) M. Speransky; C) A. Arakcheev.

7. What is the purpose of military settlements? A) suppress the wave of peasant uprisings; b) reduce government spending on the maintenance of the army, c) organize mass training of reserves.

8. Who led the Russian army before Kutuzov was appointed to this post? A) M. Barclay de Tolly; b) P. Bagration, c) I. Murat.

9. Determine who is it?“His family coat of arms was decorated with the motto “Loyalty and Patience”. He enjoyed a reputation as an honest, cold-blooded and selfless officer. He commanded the Russian armies in several wars. On the eve of the Patriotic War of 1812, he was minister of war and commanded the first army. The court careerists did not like him. Many accused him of the retreat of the Russian troops and even talked about his betrayal.

A) M. Kutuzov; B) M. Barclay de Tolly; C) P. Bagration

10. On May 23, 1816, Alexander 1 approved the regulation on the Estonian peasants, according to which in the Baltic provinces:

A) increased serfdom; B) serfdom was abolished;

C) the duties of the peasants were determined depending on the quantity and quality of land.

11. The first secret organization of the future Decembrists was called:

a) "Union of Salvation", b) "Union of Prosperity", c) "Union of Officers"

12. "Constitution" N. Muravyov assumed: a) maintaining serfdom; b) the liberation of peasants without land; c) the preservation of landownership.

13.What system was established in Russia according to the project of P. Pestel? A) a constitutional monarchy, b) a democratic republic, c) an autocratic monarchy.

14. Recruitment is: a) the duty of the peasants to work in state-owned manufactory; b) setting up a certain number of people from the taxable estate to serve the needs of the army; c) the state tax from the peasants for the upkeep of the army; d) the obligation of the taxable estate to expose a certain number of soldiers.

15. The brake on the development of the Russian economy was: a) patrimonial land ownership; b) craft workshops; c) serfdom; d) lack of support from the state.

16. Which of the following was part of the Zemstvo reform of 1864:

A) the elective nature of zemstvos; b) zemstvos were elected on the basis of a property qualification; c) provincial officials could be appointed only with the consent of the zemstvos; d) in a number of provinces it was decided not to create zemstvos; e) zemstvos maintained hospitals, schools, roads, and prisons.

E) at the head of all provincial zemstvos was the central zemstvo; g) zemstvos were created to later replace the central government.

Don't be afraid of ignorance, be afraid of false knowledge. All evil comes from him.

L.N. Tolstoy

On January 1, 1984, Zemstvo reform was carried out, which became one of the main liberal reforms of Alexander 2. The reform went down in history under the name "Regulations on provincial and county zemstvo institutions" and determined the system of local self-government on the ground.

Prerequisites for the reform

In the early 60s, a very deplorable situation developed in the Russian regions, the cause of which was largely unsatisfactory local self-government. Until that time, all officials were appointed in St. Petersburg, and on the ground they absolutely did not know the needs and requirements of the region and the people living in it. As a result, almost all spheres of life in the regions fell into a deplorable state. Health care, education, roads, markets, farms - there were literally problems in everything.

The reverse side of the coin is the position of the nobility, which was extremely dissatisfied with the abolition of serfdom. The liberation of the peasants made many nobles distrustful of the current government. Therefore, the Zemsky reform of 1864 was accepted by Alexander 2 as an attempt to partially compensate for the loss of the nobility, giving them a share of power in the regions.

• Attraction to local self-government of wide sections of the population.
• To provide the population with autonomy in solving local issues.
• Partial compensation to the nobility of lost privileges.

I pay particular attention to point 2. These Alexander 2 wanted to distract the population from the ideas of the revolution, directing their energy into a constructive direction to solve local problems.

The essence of the reform

On January 1, 1864, the emperor signs the "Regulations on provincial and district zemstvo institutions." This document launched the Zemstvo reform, creating local governments in the counties and provinces. These bodies were called Zemstvos.

Zemstvos were elected bodies of power. Only men over the age of 21 were granted the right to vote, and all voters were divided into 3 curia (categories): agricultural, urban and peasant.

Elections for all curiae were held once every 3 years.

Zemstvo self-government

The provincial congress, as well as the county congress, was held once every 3 years, that is, the elected deputies for 1 term could participate in only 1 such congress. In general, the district and provincial systems of zemstvos were similar to each other. Each year they held sessions and elected management. The county government was approved by the governor, and the provincial government was approved by the Minister of the Interior.

Volost (local) self-government

The Zemstvo reform of 1864 created a special system of self-government for the peasants: a rural assembly and a volost assembly. The village assembly was also elective, and its representatives were also elected for 3 years. They were responsible for the distribution of land, duties, recruitment, the choice of management of the gathering and the headman. Similar issues, but at a slightly higher level, were resolved by the Volost Assembly.

Functions of zemstvos

Zemsky reform of 1864 endowed local self-government bodies with the power to solve local local problems:

• Construction of local roads. For example, building a road between villages, or between a city and a village.
• Opening and renovation of schools, hospitals and shelters.
• Collection of statistical data and organization of the population census.
• Assistance to peasant and other farms, especially in lean years.

Zemstvos acted only outwardly as independent and independent bodies. In fact, their role was insignificant and carefully controlled. The main control was that all Zemstvos were subordinate to the governor. The governor approved all decisions of Zemstvos, and also had the authority to cancel any decision of local authorities. The second limitation was that Zemstvos were forbidden to engage in political issues and unite among themselves (for example, it was impossible to create an all-Russian Zemstvo). These were meetings that resolved specific local issues of local importance, and nothing more.

Bodies of Zemstvos were divided into executive (Administration) and administrative (Assembly).

Implementation of the reform

Beginning on January 1, the Zemstvo reform of 1864 began its implementation under the control of the government of Alexander 2. It is very important to note that Zemstvos were not introduced throughout the entire territory of the Russian Empire. In particular, the new provision did not affect 2 categories of regions:

1. Regions where land ownership was non-existent or negligible. These are Siberia, Orenburg, Arkhangelsk and Astrakhan provinces, as well as Central Asia.
2. Regions where the bulk of the landowners were not Russian. These are the right-bank Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Poland, and the Caucasus.

This was the main drawback of the reform - being chosen. The second drawback is the elected estates. On paper, the electoral system looks self-sufficient, but in reality it turned out to be a class system, where the nobles had a significant advantage in numbers.

The development of local self-government in pre-revolutionary Russia was given impetus by the zemstvo (1864) and city (1870) reforms of Alexander II, their goal was to decentralize management and develop the principles of local self-government in Russia. In accordance with the Regulations on provincial and district zemstvo institutions in the provinces and districts, zemstvo bodies were created: elected zemstvo assemblies (provincial, district) and the corresponding zemstvo councils elected by them. Zemstvo suffrage was limited by the property qualification; Elections were built on the basis of estates.

The uyezd zemstvo assembly consisted of zemstvo councillors, elected by: a) uyezd landowners; b) city societies; c) rural communities. Elections were held respectively at three electoral congresses. At the same time, the peasants had indirect elections: the vowels were elected at the congress of elected representatives from rural societies. The following persons did not participate in election congresses: a) persons under 25 years of age; b) persons under criminal investigation or court; c) persons discredited by a court or a public verdict; d) foreigners who did not swear allegiance to Russia could not be elected to public governors, vice-governors, members of provincial boards, provincial and county prosecutors and solicitors, and local police officers.

The provincial zemstvo assembly consisted of vowels elected by the district zemstvo assemblies from among their members. Vowels were elected for three years, at terms appointed by the Minister of the Interior. They were not supposed to have any official benefits and maintenance. The assignment of maintenance to the chairman and members of the zemstvo councils depended on the zemstvo assembly. Zemstvo self-government bodies were entrusted with the general management of local economic affairs, in particular: 1) management of property, capital and collections of zemstvos; 2) the arrangement and maintenance of buildings belonging to the zemstvos, other structures and means of communication maintained at the expense of the zemstvos; 3) measures to ensure people's food; 4) management of zemstvo charitable institutions; ending begging; the care of building churches; 5) care for the development of local trade and industry; 6) participation in the care of public education, health care; 7) fulfillment of the needs of military and civil administration assigned to the zemstvo; participation in cases of postal service; 8) the layout of those state monetary fees, the distribution of which in the province and districts was assigned to zemstvo institutions; 9) appointment, allocation, collection and spending, on the basis of the Charter on zemstvo duties, local fees to meet zemstvo needs, etc.

Zemstvo institutions had the right, on the basis of general civil laws, to acquire and alienate movable and immovable property, conclude contracts, incur obligations, act as a plaintiff and defendant in courts in zemstvo property cases.

The organization of city self-government was determined by the City Regulations of 1870 and was based on the same principles as zemstvo self-government. Bodies of city self-government were created: the city duma and the city government.

Zemstvo and city self-government bodies were not subordinate to the local government administration, but they carried out their activities under the control of the government bureaucracy represented by the minister of internal affairs and governors. Within their powers, zemstvo and city self-government bodies were independent. Thus, there were two systems of local government: 1) public administration; 2) zemstvo, city self-government.

Under Alexander III, reforms were carried out, the purpose of which was to eliminate the shortcomings that the practice of zemstvo and city self-government revealed: the isolation of zemstvo institutions from government ones. As a result, the importance of the estate principle was increased in the Zemstvo (the role of the nobility was strengthened, the peasants were deprived of the right to elect vowels, the latter were appointed by the governor from among the candidates elected by the peasants). Self-government bodies fell under the control of government officials.

The system of zemstvo and city self-government, established on the basis of the new Provisions of 1890 and 1892, included the following structural elements.

The provincial zemstvo assembly consisted, under the chairmanship of the provincial marshal of the nobility (if the tsar did not appoint another person as chairman), from vowels. Their number ranged from 29 to 62 people. In addition, the provincial zemstvo assembly included persons who sat in it ex officio (county marshals of the nobility, local manager of state property, etc.). The provincial zemstvo assembly was convened once a year, no later than December, for a session that was not supposed to last more than 20 days, but the governor could extend it for a period of actual need. He also gave permission to hold emergency zemstvo meetings, at which, however, only those issues that were indicated in the invitations could be discussed.

The provincial zemstvo council consisted of a chairman and two members (the number of the latter could be increased to six with the permission of the minister of the interior), elected by the provincial zemstvo assembly. At the same time, not only vowels of the zemstvo assembly could be elected, but also all persons who have the right to participate in zemstvo election meetings, i.e. those who had an active right to vote in district zemstvo assemblies. Only those who had the right to enter the civil service, i.е. as a general rule, only a nobleman or a person with a higher education.

The zemstvo assembly of the uyezd consisted of zemstvo vowels, as well as ex officio members (the chairman of the state property department, the mayor of the uyezd city, etc.). It met annually in session no later than October. The session lasted ten days. The governor could extend this period. The district marshal of the nobility presided over the district zemstvo assembly. County government. The method of electing the county zemstvo council was similar to the provincial one. In order to carry out their functions, the zemstvo bodies were given the right to tax the population with monetary fees, and also to introduce in some cases natural duties.

The City Duma, in addition to elected councillors, also included the chairman of the local county council and a deputy from the spiritual department. The executive body of city self-government was the city government, which consisted of two to six members (depending on the size of the city). The mayor presided over the city council. The term of office of city self-government bodies, in contrast to the zemstvo, elected for three years, was four years. The City Duma, in accordance with the City Regulations, was to hold at least four and no more than 24 meetings during the year.

Bodies of city self-government: they were entrusted with meeting the needs of the population, issuing resolutions binding on local residents on fire, sanitary issues, etc. City dumas could establish fees: from real estate (no more than 1% of the cost or one tenth of the yield); from trade certificates; from the establishments of the tavern industry, etc.

The government administration, represented by the governor, supervised the zemstvo and city self-government. The governor approved the members of the councils and submitted for approval to the Minister of the Interior the chairman of the provincial zemstvo council and the city heads of the provincial and regional cities. Zemstvo and city councils were accountable to representative self-government bodies: zemstvo assemblies and city dumas. At the same time, the governor had the right to audit the administrations and all institutions subordinate to them and demand explanations for certain violations. The governor was given the right to receive complaints against the actions of the administrations.

Elected persons holding positions in the collegiate bodies of zemstvo and city self-government were considered to be in the public service. Chairmen and members of zemstvo councils, mayors and members of city councils could be subject to disciplinary sanctions.

Peasant self-government bodies operated at the level of the volost and individual rural settlements. The organs of the rural society were the village assembly and the village headman. The rural gathering was primarily responsible for economic affairs related to land ownership, questions about family divisions, etc. In addition, officials were elected at the gathering (village headman, tax collector, caretakers of bread shops, village clerk, etc.), their reports were heard , as well as the layout of taxes and duties, the establishment of worldly fees (for public expenses), etc. The rural society was an economic unit. The volost was an administrative unit. The territory of the volost consisted of the lands of one or more rural communities. In the volosts, there were an average of 20 thousand people. The volost administration was responsible for the fulfillment of the duties assigned to the peasants, supervision of rural officials and assistance to the local police. The organs of the volost administration were: volost gathering, volost board, volost foreman, volost clerk, as well as sot, tenth and some other officials. Zemstvo chiefs were the oversight bodies for peasant institutions. The regulation on zemstvo chiefs was introduced in 1889. The peculiarity of their legal status was that they acted both as judicial and as administrative bodies.

From the first days of its existence, the Soviets of Deputies sought either to change

local governments, or put them under their control.

Gradually, the Soviets of Deputies replaced the organs of the zemstvo and city

self-government. The Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918 established the principle of unity

Councils as public authorities with strict subordination

lower organs to higher ones.

In Soviet times, one of the basic principles of organization and activity

all links of the Soviets was the principle of democratic centralism. This

the principle was the basis for the unification of all the Soviets into one system.

The principle of democratic centralism was also reflected in the constitutions of the Soviet

period, and in laws regulating the organization of activities of individual

links of the Soviets. This is the Law on Settlement, Rural Councils of People's Deputies

RSFSR (1968); Law on the city, district in the city Council of People's

deputies of the RSFSR (1971); Law on the Territorial, Regional Council of People's

deputies (1980).

In general, local self-government began to be seen as an institution

peculiar exclusively to bourgeois democracy. Only in the early 60s.

20th century Gradually, research on local

territorial self-government. Again the problem of the legal status of local

authorities was raised during the preparation and discussion of the draft

Constitution of the USSR of 1977. The result was the consolidation of the provision in the Constitution

on the presence in the Soviet Union of a system of local government bodies,

fundamentally the same as the previous

constitutional provision.

A new stage in the development of local self-government was associated with the adoption of 9

April 1990 of the Law of the USSR "On the general principles of local self-government and

self-government in the RSFSR". These laws played a certain role in

development of local self-government. However, the opposition of representative

bodies (Councils) and executive bodies, a certain confrontation

state authorities and local authorities - this eventually led to

dissolution of local councils. In October 1993, as part of resolving the crisis of power

in the Russian Federation, the Regulations on the fundamentals of the organization

local self-government in the Russian Federation for the period of phased

constitutional reform, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian

According to this Regulation:

1) local governments in cities, rural settlements, other

settlements were elected and other bodies of local

self-government - an assembly of representatives, the head of local self-government.

In territories that include several urban or rural settlements,

by a joint decision of local self-government bodies could be created

a single body of local self-government of the respective territories;

2) in urban and rural settlements with a population of up to 5 thousand people, local

self-government could be exercised directly by the population through

meetings, gatherings and the elected head of local self-government, who

periodically reports to the meeting, gathering. In other localities

points (cities, urban, rural settlements, etc.) provided for

creation of representative collegiate bodies of local self-government and

heads of local government.

In cities and other settlements with a population of over 50 thousand ____u1074 c. man head

administration was appointed by the head of the administration of the region, region, city

of federal significance, an autonomous region, an autonomous district, or

elected by the people;

3) the elected representative body of local self-government worked as

as a rule, on a non-permanent basis and convened for its meetings

the respective head of the local government. At the same time, solutions

elected representative body were signed by the head of the local

self-government.

The competence of the elected representative body of local self-government

included: approval of the local budget and a report on its implementation, as well as

establishment of local taxes and fees (on presentation and agreement with

head of local self-government), approval of the development program

territories, the adoption of a regulation (charter) on local self-government,

control over the activities of the head of local self-government;

4) the competence of the head of local self-government included: management

municipal economy, disposal of property and facilities

municipal property, development of the local budget, ensuring its

execution, as well as the performance of other executive and administrative

functions. Moreover, these functions were carried out by the head of local self-government

directly or through the organs formed by it;

6) local governments were given the right to independently

determine the structure of local government.

The most important milestone in the development of local self-government was the adoption

Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993, which referred to the basics

constitutional order, provisions such as the attribution of local

self-government to forms of democracy, the guarantee of local

self-government, local self-government has its own powers,

organizational isolation of local governments from bodies

state power, the existence of municipal property, including

number to the ground.

12 Local government- a complex and diverse phenomenon,

regulated by the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993. It acts not only as one

from the foundations of the constitutional order of the Russian Federation and the form

democracy, but also as a kind of social management, a form

decentralization of power and self-organization of local residents,

activities of citizens to independently resolve issues of local

values, a form of public authority interacting with

state power.

The issue of local self-government raises a number of important

issues of the constitutional and legal development of modern Russia, including

including: delimitation of powers between the Russian Federation,

subjects of the Federation and municipalities;

territorial organization of local self-government; municipal

powers to resolve issues of local importance; the status of organs and

local government officials; municipal

property; local finance.

The solution of these issues in federal legislation is actually

means determining the place of local self-government in the state

mechanism of the Russian Federation.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation, and after it the Federal Law "On General Principles

determine that local self-government is one of the foundations

constitutional system of the Russian Federation, it is recognized

guaranteed and carried out throughout the territory of the Russian Federation.

Local self-government in the Russian Federation is a form of implementation by the people of their

power that provides within the limits established by the Constitution

RF, with the help of federal laws, and in cases established

federal laws, - laws of subjects of the Russian Federation independent and under

its responsibility to decide by the population directly and (or)

through local self-government bodies of local issues

based on the interests of the population, taking into account historical and other local

traditions.

Local self-government in this capacity is logically related to the intention

Russia to be a democratic and legal state (part 1 of article 1

Constitution of the Russian Federation). The Constitution of the Russian Federation testifies to the understanding of the value

local self-government, which ensures the implementation by the people

their power (Part 2, Article 3 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation), the realization of the rights of citizens to

participation in the management of state affairs (part 1 of article 32) and a number of others

fundamental rights (arts. 24, 33, 40, 41, 43), allowing territorial

community of citizens to have, use and dispose of municipal

property (part 2, article 8; part 2, article 9), which creates the preconditions for

unity of society, individual and state, strengthening the federation as

whole, serving as a form of solving national issues.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees the organizational isolation of the local

self-government, its bodies in the system of management of society and the state. AT

in accordance with Art. 12 local governments are not part of the system

public authorities. In addition, it establishes that the local

self-government within its powers independently, which implies

allocation of a special area of ​​local issues, in which local authorities

local governments act independently and are primarily responsible to

by its population.

In accordance with Art. 16 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the provisions of Art. 3 and 12 guaranteeing

local government, can not be changed except in order,

established by the Constitution itself. No other constitutional provisions

may be contrary to its provisions on local self-government, enshrined in

The space for the implementation of local self-government is the entire territory

RF. Municipal formations are created taking into account the federal structure

states, cover the entire territory of the respective subjects of the Federation,

except for areas with low population density.

According to Art. 3 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation as the bearer of sovereignty and the only source

power in the Russian Federation is its multinational people, which exercises its

power directly (i.e. through a referendum, elections), as well as through bodies

government and local governments. Thus, local

self-government is one of the forms of realization by the people of their power.

– requirements (conditions) stipulated by federal laws that determine the nature of

local self-government, its place and role in the system of democracy, foundations and order

formation and activities of local self-government bodies, legal mechanisms and

guarantees of the realization of the right of citizens to local self-government. These are:

guarantee of local self-government, its independence in resolving issues

local importance; variety of organizational forms; isolation from the organ system

state power; the responsibility of local governments to the population;

their election, openness, publicity; state support for local self-government and

There are the following principles:

1) the principle of independence of local self-government within its powers -

textually enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. It covers all the basics of local

self-government and manifests itself as a legal, organizational, economic and financial

independence in resolving issues of local importance;

2) a combination of representative democracy with forms of direct expression of the will of citizens

(expressed in the organic connection and interdependence of the implementation of local

self-government by citizens through a referendum, elections, other forms of direct

expression of will);

3) insubordination of one municipality to another municipality

education within its competence;

4) the obligatory presence of a representative body of local self-government in

municipality or the exercise of its powers by a meeting (gathering)

5) the priority role of representative bodies of local self-government in the system of bodies

local self-government (their leading role is due to the fact that representative bodies

express the will of the entire population of the municipality, make it obligatory

character and exercise power on his behalf);

6) publicity of activities for the implementation of local self-government;

7) provision by public authorities to municipal entities of minimum

local budgets;

8) guarantee by the state of minimum state social standards for

meeting the basic vital needs of the population, the provision of which is assigned

to the conduct of municipalities;

9) state guarantees and support of local self-government;

10) the principle of subsidiarity, interaction and cooperation of local authorities

self-government with state authorities in ensuring life

population is based on the unity of the source of their power, on the unity in many respects of goals, tasks

and functions, on mutual responsibility for the observance and protection of human rights and freedoms and

citizen, for the creation of conditions that ensure a decent life and free development

person.

In foreign countries, the principles of local self-government do not represent a frozen

dogma and quite mobile change in accordance with the development of society and the state.

Trends in the development of modern principles of local self-government in foreign

models of local self-government and the universalization of the principles of local self-government in

basis of international legal acts.

The functions of local self-government are understood as the main directions of the municipal

activities. The functions of local self-government are determined by nature, place in the system

democracy, the tasks and goals towards which the municipal

activity.

Local self-government, constituting one of the foundations of any democratic system, being

expression of the power of the people, ensures the approximation of governance to the citizens. Claiming

democratic principles of organizing and exercising power at the local level,

municipal self-government strengthens the foundations of democracy.

Based on the principles of democracy and decentralization of power, with independence

in solving all issues of local importance, local self-government contributes

the optimal combination of local and national interests, the most effective

realization of the socio-economic potential of self-governing territorial

The functions of local self-government are distinguished by a certain stability and stability,

because they manifest a constant, purposeful influence of the population, organs

local self-government on municipal relations in order to most effectively

resolving local issues. Taken together, they show the possibilities and

the effectiveness of the local self-government system, characterizing the social purpose

local government and the process of its implementation.

Taking into account the role of local self-government in organizing and exercising the power of the people, tasks,

resolved in the process of municipal activities, and the powers of local self-government

the following main functions can be distinguished:

1) ensuring the participation of the population in solving issues of local importance;

2) management of municipal property, financial resources of the local

self-government;

3) ensuring the integrated development of the territory of the municipality;

4) ensuring the satisfaction of the needs of the population in socio-cultural,

public utilities and other vital services;

5) protection of public order;

6) representation and protection of the interests and rights of local self-government, guaranteed

The Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws.

Local self-government is designed to provide an independent decision by the population

municipality issues of local importance.

Therefore, an important aspect of municipal activity should be the creation of conditions for

effective participation of citizens in the implementation of local self-government.

These conditions primarily include:

1) the presence of elected bodies of local self-government;

2) the use of institutions of direct democracy in municipal activities;

3) material and financial base for solving issues of local importance.

Municipal law establishes legal guarantees for the participation of the population in the implementation

municipal activities.

In accordance with Art. 3 of the Law on the general principles of the organization of local self-government

citizens have equal rights to exercise local self-government as

directly and through their representatives, regardless of gender, race,

nationality, language, origin, property and official status,

attitudes towards religion, beliefs, belonging to public associations.

principles of the territorial organization of MS are legally established provisions

and requirements, in accordance with which the procedure for the formation and

transformation of municipalities (MO), the composition of the territory of the MO, as well as the procedure

establishing and changing their boundaries. (today the principles of the territorial organization of the IC in

fully determined at the federal level)

3 principles

1. The procedure for the formation and transformation of MO

2. The procedure for establishing and changing the boundaries of the MO

3. Composition of the territory of the Moscow Region

Local self-government is carried out throughout the territory of the Russian Federation in urban, rural

settlements, municipal districts, urban districts and intra-urban areas

federal cities

The Combination of Settlement and Territorial Principles in the Formation of the Moscow Region

Two-level territorial organization of MS within the boundaries of the municipal district

Participation of the population in decision-making on the transformation of the municipality

Accounting for the population in the formation of a rural settlement

Giving the laws of the subjects of the Federation of the corresponding MOs the status of a city,

rural settlement, urban district, municipal district, intracity MO

The territory of the subject of the Federation is delimited between settlements.

Establishing the boundaries of a rural settlement (which includes two or more

settlements) as well as the municipal area, as a rule, taking into account the pedestrian

(transport) accessibility

The integrity of the territory of the Moscow Region

Taking into account the opinion of the population when deciding the issue of establishing and changing the boundaries of the municipality

Accounting for historical, local traditions, the need to create conditions for solving

relevant issues of local importance for the development of the MOD

Establishment and change of the boundaries of the Moscow region by the laws of the subjects of the Federation

Ensuring sustainable and integrated development of the territory of the municipality in order to effectively

addressing issues of local importance, creating favorable conditions

life of the population

Accounting for historical and other local traditions when determining the composition of the territory of the Moscow Region,

setting its boundaries