Holidays in the academic year. Beginning of the school year in different countries

But the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, as well as vice chairman To State Duma Committee on Education Alena Arshinova,

Politicians have their own reasons for such proposals. Some seem to advocate the development of tourism, others - for children's recreation. Such discussions are a kind of way to check whether teachers, parents, and children are ready for a change in the start date of the school year. It is worth noting that First Deputy Minister of Education and Science Natalya Tretyakthe question of changing the start date of the school year, as well as in general for Russian families who have become accustomed over the years to the fact that the countdown of the school year begins on the first of September.

By the way, Knowledge Day officially appeared in the state calendar only in 1984. However, the first of September has remained a special day for many years.

A bit of history

In Russia, in many schools, classes began on the first day of autumn, since the Byzantine calendar was introduced in the country since 1492: according to it, the new year began on September 1. On December 20, 1699, Peter the Great issued decree No. 1736 "On the celebration of the New Year." So after 10 days the country celebrated the new year 1700 on January 1st. True, the beginning of studies was left at the same date, so as not to interrupt the educational process with a long break and not to postpone the long summer holidays for the winter. The church played an important role in this matter. Most of the schools in those days were attached to churches that were in no hurry to change the usual calendar.

In Russia, there has never been a single date for the start of the academic year: classes in educational institutions began at different times. In the villages, for example, they could start studying only in late autumn, after the completion of agricultural work, and urban gymnasium students sat down at their desks in mid-August. Only in 1935, the Council of People's Commissars adopted a resolution on a single date for the start of studies in all schools. September 1st was the first day of school. At the same time, the duration of the academic year was established and fixed holidays were introduced.

In 1980, the Day of Knowledge was established by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. So the first of September legally appeared in the calendar and became an official holiday. However, for several years this day continued to be educational. In the new format, it was first celebrated only in 1984.

Other format

The discussion about revising the start of the school year unfolded in the final summer month and, alas, gives nothing but negative emotions and a lack of a sense of stability to teachers, students and parents during the economic crisis.

Meanwhile, speaking about a more flexible schedule of the academic year, one can be guided not only by a change in the formal dates of holidays, but also by the capabilities of the schools themselves, which, as practice shows, are sufficient. So, at the end of the academic year at the Petrovsky school of Petrozavodsk for city teachers.

During the round table, Tatyana V. Rogozina, Associate Professor of the Department of Management of the Leningrad Regional Institute for the Development of Education, shared her methodological developments with colleagues. scientific and analytical department of the St. Petersburg gymnasium "Alma Mater", the initiator of a number of network projects in the field of advanced training of teaching staff and the formation of a professional pedagogical community.

Tatyana Valerievna spoke about one of the new approaches to planning the school year for schoolchildren - a dynamic schedule. Its essence is that for a week the children study according to the usual class-lesson system, and the next week they devote to project and research activities that can take place in school laboratories, outside the school walls and are not limited to lessons and calls.

Tatyana Rogozina also spoke about the Quantor gymnasium in St. Petersburg, where it is customary not only to sum up the results of the year, but also to plan the school year in the first days of September together with students, parents and teachers:

Nobody forbids us to devote the first week of September or the end of August to such planning. This is more effective and correct, because in discussing educational prospects, we must also be guided by the needs of the child. Adults should not decide for children how and what they will teach them- this is a pernicious practice that has taken root in schools since Soviet times.

It turns out that it is quite realistic to devote the last weeks of August or the first days of September to planning the school year, in which the children themselves will take part. This will be a different, better and more stable approach not only to education, but also to the personality of the child.

Academic year in other countries

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Knowledge Day remained an official holiday in a number of states that left the USSR. It is still celebrated in Belarus, Armenia, Ukraine, Moldova, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. The children of these countries continue to start the school year on the first day of autumn, following the usual traditions of the Soviet holiday.

In most European countries, the school year starts on September 1 or the first Monday in September. These are countries like France, Ireland, Belgium, Poland, Czech Republic, Estonia, Lithuania, Hungary, Slovenia.

In Slovakia at The school year starts one day later, on September 2, because September 1 is a national holiday (Constitution Day).

In the United Kingdom welcome students during the first week of September, except Scotland where the academic year starts at the end of August.

In Austria, in Vienna and Lower Austria The academic year begins on the first Monday in September, and in the rest of the state a week later.

Pupils Japan sent to the desks on April 1. It is on this day that sakura begins to bloom - a symbol of the beginning of a new life, beauty and youth for the inhabitants of the country. Great mood and beauty of flowering trees are the best companions for fruitful studies! Children go to school from the age of 6, and the year of study consists of three trimesters and ends on March 31 of the next year. Small vacations are due to schoolchildren in winter, spring and during the month in summer.

In Spain the first day of school is a floating date, and it occurs at different times in different provinces of the country. In general, according to the law, all students must begin their studies no later than October 1. Confusion associated with the harvest, to which, for a number of reasons, may end at different times. The academic year consists of three trimesters and ends in mid-June. Schoolchildren in Spain have a rest during the summer holidays (from the 20th of June), during two weeks of Christmas and one week for Easter.

In each of the 16 federal states Germany set their own rules for the start of the school year.As a rule, children go to school in mid-August or early September.In the first school year, German schoolchildren come to the first grade with a “first-grader bag”,in which parents put gifts for the student. There may be sweets, stationery, books, gadgets. AT XIX century, when this tradition first appeared, a child could be put in such a bag, for example, shoes. By the way, the bag is glued children themselves, and parents fill. Summer holidays last six weeks, and during the year, schoolchildren have a rest at Christmas, on winter holidays, on the Easter and Trinity.

IN THE USA there is also no exact start date for the school year. It can start on any day of August or in early September. This issue is decided at the level of each state independently of the others. The academic year ends at the end of June. Children go to school at different ages - at 5-8 years old in accordance with the education law of the state in which they live. The academic year is divided into three trimesters, between which students are entitled to short holidays, and summer starts at the end of June.

In the spring, in April, the school year begins and in India. Only men teach in schools in India. The most revered subject is mathematics. Each school has its own special uniform that children wear all the time, so that the child can immediately see which school he comes from. Big holidays in India are announced in the hottest months - May and June. Classes resume in early July, when the heat gets a little less brutal.

In Mexico Lessons begin on the penultimate Monday of August.

In South Korea classes start even earlier, on March 2, and summer holidays also last from mid-July to the end of August.

In Malaysia and Singapore, which are located in the tropical zone, the doors of the school open to students on January 3rd or on the first Monday of January.

In Thailand the school year starts in mid-May, while in the Philippines, classes start in the first week of June.

In contrast to this, in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan the academic year starts at the end of August, while in Cambodia- on the first Monday in October.

In the countries of South In the southern hemisphere, as you might expect, the school year begins when they have autumn and we have spring. In Brazil this is the first week of February, and in its northern provinces located in the tropical zone, the school year begins in September.

Schools start on the first Tuesday of February New Zealand, and in australia schoolchildren, not afraid of the summer heat, return to school at the end of January or in early February depending on the states.

Around mid-January, the school year begins at South Africa.

Our reference

Nonlinear dynamic schedule - this is a schedule that includes various forms of organizing classes, extracurricular activities, walks, and also actively in takes the space of the city (excursions, hikes, participation in competitions, etc.).

The Ministry of Education proposes to significantly change the existing education system. If now the full academic year is divided into 4 quarters, then in the future it is planned to transfer the general educational system of education to trimesters at school 2017-2018. What will such innovations bring?

Currently, students study for four terms, between which there are holidays. As a rule, spring and autumn holidays have approximately the same duration, but the winter and spring periods of rest are already significantly increasing in size. The Ministry of Education is sure that the unplanned division of periods of study and rest negatively affects the academic performance, as well as the well-being of children. In connection with such circumstances, a proposal was made to change the periods of study time and periods of rest. It is planned to transfer the entire general education system to training in equal trimesters. Such a change will allow students to be less tired and always be in a cheerful and cheerful mood.

School new trimesters

At the moment, the old system of general education that is familiar to everyone is in effect, which implies that there are 4 quarters in one specific academic year. And between the indicated quarters, the guys go on vacation. Thus, the full academic year is divided into unequal lengths of study time. Holidays for students also differ significantly from each other in planned duration.

The trimesters of the school for the 2017-2018 academic year are a planned updated education system, which implies that students will go to receive vacation time of rest after every 5 weeks of active study.

The old and new systems for approving study time are almost the same. That is, the total number of training days is equal in both systems. The summer holidays do not change in any way, the children continue to rest during all the hot months. But here the intermediate holidays change a little, that is, the frequency of vacation periods increases, but at the same time, the time for obtaining education does not change at all.

To date, many secondary schools continue to operate under the old regime. But the Ministry of Education offers the administration of educational institutions to make a choice: continue teaching in the old mode or move to a new level of education. Of course, the school administration on its own cannot make changes to the rhythm of the life of students familiar to everyone, the transition to a new mode of education is possible only after receiving advice from the parents of the students.

In order to understand which education system is more suitable for parents, students, and children, it is necessary to determine what the expected study schedule for trimesters will be, and also how vacation time will be distributed?

What is the preliminary schedule of trimesters at school 2017-2018?

• 1st trimester - from September 1 and inclusive to October 2; October 8th to November 17th.
• 2nd trimester - from November 23 to December 27; January 8th to February 21st.
• 3rd trimester - from February 27 and including to April 10; from April 16th to May 31st.

Thus, the periods of study are distributed. As you can see, between every 5 weeks of active study, students are provided with legal vacation periods of rest.

And how are the holidays at school 2017-2018 distributed by trimesters?

• Autumn holidays last 5 days, the rest period is from October 3 to October 7, as well as from November 18 to November 22.
• Winter holidays last 10 and 5 days, respectively, and their terms are determined from December 28 and including to January 7, and the second epat - from February 22 to February 26.
• Spring holidays, their duration is also 5 days, the beginning of the holiday is determined on April 11, and the end on April 15.
• Summer holidays for students begin on June 1, and the end of a long vacation is scheduled for August 31.

Trimester at school 2017-2018 is a relatively new form of organization of study time, rather unaccustomed to our children.

The word "trimester" comes from the Latin "trimestris", or "three months". It is almost universally used in schools in England and, partially, in the USA and the Russian Federation.

Unlike the usual one, with such a system, all the time of study is distributed evenly, that is, it is divided into equal parts, and the intervals between study and rest are almost the same. The key argument “for” the use of trimesters, according to experts, is that such an organization of the educational process helps to properly distribute the load on schoolchildren without causing overwork even among elementary school students.

In the trimester system of education, there are only six training periods - each of the trimesters is divided into two parts, and six periods of rest - holidays. The duration of each trimester is five or six weeks, the duration of the holidays is a week, with the exception of the two-week New Year and three-month summer holidays.

Unlike the usual one, with such a system, all the time of study is distributed evenly, that is, it is divided into equal parts, and the intervals between study and rest are almost the same. According to experts, such an organization of the educational process helps to properly distribute the load on schoolchildren, without causing overwork even among elementary school students.

In the trimester system of education, there are only six training periods - trimesters, and six periods of rest - holidays. The duration of each trimester is five or six weeks, the duration of the holidays is a week, with the exception of the two-week New Year and three-month summer holidays.

Perhaps there is no such student who does not look forward to the holidays. Both excellent students and losers with the same enthusiasm count the days until the start of the long-awaited vacation. And, for sure, most students start counting literally from the very first days of school, even though it has become fashionable to study well now. After all, it is to improve academic performance that the transition from quarters to trimesters is intended. To date, the preliminary schedule of school holidays for trimesters for the 2017-2018 academic year is as follows: five (sometimes six) weeks of classes alternate with a week of rest.

• 1st trimester / autumn holidays - from October 7 to October 15, 2017 inclusive;
• 2nd trimester / autumn holidays Stage 2 - from November 18 to November 26, 2017 inclusive;
• 3rd trimester / winter holidays - from December 30, 2017 to January 9, 2018 inclusive;
• 4th trimester / winter holidays Stage 2 - from February 17 to February 25, 2018 (sometimes these holidays are called spring holidays);
• 5th trimester / spring break - from April 7 to April 15, 2018 inclusive;
• 6th trimester / summer vacation - from June 1 to August 31 inclusive.

Calendar for convenience:

As you can see, in the modern system of education, each trimester ends with a short rest. However, when planning vacations for 2017-2018, it is worth remembering that rest time in schools with a trimester system of education practically does not coincide with vacations in a regular, quarterly system. The only exception was the traditional New Year holidays - the Ministry of Education recommends taking a day off the last week before and the first week after the New Year.

The situation is similar with long summer holidays - by order of the relevant department, absolutely all schoolchildren have a rest during this period, regardless of the education system.

Perhaps, by the 2018-2019 academic year, norms will already be introduced that control the organization of students' rest at uniform time intervals, which is already being actively discussed in the Government.

Possible changes

Those who plan holidays in advance should remember that the dates of the trimester holidays given in the article for the 2017-2018 academic year are approximate. The fact is that the Ministry of Education determines only the total duration of study time and rest time, plus gives recommendations on the start and end dates of vacations. For example, school holidays for students must necessarily begin at the beginning of the working week, that is, on Monday.

The school, however, retains the right to independently set vacation time - of course, within the framework of the recommendations of the ministry. So children of different schools and different regions have a rest at different times - somewhere the beginning of the holidays had to be “moved” due to severe frosts or spring floods, somewhere, on the contrary, everything goes according to plan. So the exact, final dates for the start and end of the school holidays for the trimesters for the 2017-2018 academic year are determined by the school leadership.

The Ministry of Education reserves the right for the educational institution to determine the form of organization of study time on its own, and the system of education - quarterly or trimester - is prescribed in the Charter of each school. Thus, the government department gives the opportunity to the students themselves and their parents to choose how they prefer to study - with the distribution of the load by quarters or trimesters. The school administration and the parent committee can make changes to the educational process.

The vacation schedule in schools, universities and institutions of secondary vocational education in Moscow is approved individually for each educational institution by its director, rector or other person responsible for making decisions. In practice, the vacation schedule rarely differs from the recommendations of a higher authority.

Russian schools live according to two educational "calendars": quarters and trimesters. Depending on this, as well as focusing on the recommendations of the Ministry of Education, educational institutions themselves determine the dates of holidays. In general, it is beneficial for the school to adhere to the generally established framework, since general holidays mean more opportunities for organizing high-quality children's leisure: performances, excursions, concerts, etc.

Holidays in schools with a quarterly education system

Those who study in quarters have holidays four times a year - autumn, winter, spring and summer.

Of these, the dates of the autumn holidays at the end of October and the beginning of November are less stable: the date of their end depends on the Day of National Unity, which is celebrated on November 4. So, for example, the autumn holidays of 2018 will not last traditionally from Monday to Sunday, but one more day due to the postponement of the day off. That is from October 27th to November 5th.

New Year holidays 2018–2019 academic year

New Year holidays, as a rule, begin from the last week of December and end on the 10th of January. Students go to school on Monday. Winter holidays in 2018/2019 academic year will be extended from December 30th to January 8th. First-graders will also have additional vacations in the winter * - from 16 to 25 February.

Spring break 2019 academic year

The situation with holidays in the spring is much simpler - the dates do not depend on the holidays. Spring break is in the last week of March and the first week of April. In 2019, schoolchildren will have a rest March 23 to March 31.

Summer holidays 2019 academic year

Summer holidays will start as usual - from the last Monday of May. In 2019, it falls on the 27th. In this way, from May 27 to September 1 schoolchildren are waiting for three happy months free from lessons.

* For students of the first grades and classes of correctional and developmental education.

In addition to scheduled holidays, classes at the school may be canceled for the following reasons:

Everyone who is preparing to cross the threshold of school is wondering how many weeks are there in the 2018 school year? In addition, the duration of the school year worries not only schoolchildren, but also teachers, because they need to draw up a lesson plan, fill out all the necessary documentation and settle other minor nuances.

By default, the period allotted for “absorbing” knowledge lasts 40 weeks: from September 1 to May 31. But there are times when the number of training weeks is reduced and it is desirable to know about this in advance. Let's take a look at how many weeks you can devote to fruitful study.

School weeks for Russian schoolchildren

According to calculations in 2018, in order to properly learn all subjects, solve problems, write dictations and tests, exactly 36 weeks will be available to schoolchildren. The remaining 4 weeks were devoted to the long-awaited, and so beloved, holidays.

As usual, the first day of school falls on September 1st. The fact that this number falls on a Saturday will not prevent students from sitting at their desks. Sunday, as expected, will be a legal day off, but from the beginning of the week, full-fledged training days will begin.

From now on, children will have to study until October 27 inclusive. According to Russian law, at the end of October, students must go on an autumn vacation, which will last seven days. As soon as the rest is over, the guys will wake up again before dawn, go to lessons, do homework, in general, “nibble on the granite of science”.

With the advent of winter, children enjoy not only the first fluffy snow, but also the long-awaited vacation, for which two whole weeks are allotted. During this time, you can take a good break from textbooks and difficult lessons, enjoy the New Year, gifts and other delights of this season.

As a rule, winter holidays begin at the end of December, around the 25th, but the end of the holiday falls around January 10th. Most likely, the school week will begin for schoolchildren at the same time as the working "seven days" for all Russians. Everyone knows that January 6 and 7 are official holidays, which will be transferred to the next weekday. That's why school starts in the middle of the week.

As for the holidays in the spring, everything is very clear here - they will last only a week. Their beginning falls approximately on March 26, and the end on April 2. From now on, no more rest is planned. Until the summer, it remains to study quite a bit, and then already, after the last call, you can safely forget about “cramming” for three months and bask in the warm rays of the sun.

What is the lesson plan?

Our article provides approximate dates for the beginning and end of the holidays, taking into account the fact that the academic year starts on September 1 and ends on May 31. Note that the curriculum itself, as such, is not yet available, it will appear closer to the period under consideration.

The Ministry of Education should carefully check all programs, get acquainted with the best teaching methods, and only then approve the study plan for 2018-2019. However, we can safely say that this document will not differ much from the one that was in force in the previous year.

But the Ministry of Education does not always influence the work schedule of a particular school. In most cases, it gives only recommendations, but the last word remains with the leadership of the educational institution. Of course, the director and his closest associates do not have the right to start the educational process before September 1 without a good reason. But in life, anything can happen, so students and their parents need to be always on the alert.

Do not forget about the exams that are held by high school students. Because of them, schoolchildren often stay at school for another month, pulling up their tails. In total, the even and odd weeks of the 2018-2019 academic year consist of 40 “seven days”. Of these, students will spend 36 weeks at their desks, and 4 weeks they will be given to communicate with parents and friends.

The nuances of the training schedule

Throughout the educational process, there may be some amendments that cannot be foreseen in advance and included in the work schedule:

• National Unity Day falls on November 4th. Considering the fact that it is Saturday, the day off will be transferred to the weekday. It turns out that the guys will leave the autumn holidays only after November 7th.
• elementary school students go on summer holidays earlier than other students. For them, a long-awaited vacation, usually begins on May 24 and lasts until September 1.
• The younger students were lucky with the winter holidays. They will probably be scheduled between January 19 and 25.

In addition, extraordinary holidays can be arranged due to quarantine due to severe frosts or an epidemic. Then the educational institution is closed, and all the students go home. But there is another side of the coin - in this case, missed school days will have to be worked off on weekends or delayed in additional lessons.

When does the school year start in other countries?

September 1 is not the Day of Knowledge for all countries. For example, in Japan, students go to school in April. It is at this time that cherry blossoms fall, which, as you know, this people associate with purity, beauty and the beginning of a new life. As for the holidays, Japanese children will be able to enjoy us only after 5 months of the school year.

In April, the academic year starts in India. Here, children start attending a developing school from the age of 3, and go to the first grade from 4. Vacations in this country for schoolchildren fall on the hottest months - May and June.

In Sweden and Finland, students are already at their desks on August 15, but in Spain the school year begins at the end of September - at the beginning of October.