What order established in 1943. Combat awards of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War

In the name of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit!

Dear brothers and sisters, as we experience the events of this week, you and I can plunge into that state of mind that implies the need for a Christian to partake, at least to a small extent, of an event that is related to the feat of God for the sake of people.

The Path of Love presupposes a person’s readiness to learn the most complex art, the skill in which the Lord Himself showed when He came to earth, reduced Himself to a human body, put on flesh and then gave it to be crucified for human sins, showing an example of great humility. In this self-humiliation of the Lord, we see before us the amazing depth of His mercy and His readiness to show how many ways there are to the Heavenly Kingdom.

With His most pure hands He washes the feet of His disciples, people of low profession, His followers, called to the apostolic ministry. Inviting them with Himself to a special feast, to a meal where the first Eucharist is celebrated, He, lamenting, but loving the disciple who betrays Him, wishes to save him until the last moment, but the soul that has departed from God returns with difficulty to its Savior. Here is the tragedy of a student who, in speed, is an example of despair, leading to suicide. Next, we see the example of the apostle Peter, who claims that he will not deny, but then does just that. And each of us in his life, unfortunately, repeats his path, saying one thing with his mouth, and showing another with deeds. Then a prayer sounds in the Garden of Gethsemane. The Lord three times calls the disciples to joint prayer, but the apostles are asleep… And the Savior asks the Father to grant Him the mercy that He must bear.

It must be understood that we are only partially revealed to what we can accommodate, only a part of that pain and suffering. It is about the dialogue of the Lord within Himself. After all, the Savior addresses God the Father, Who is in Him. This is one of the deepest mysteries of theology when it comes to the Holy Trinity. But at the same time, these words show us an example of what we must do in situations of special stress and trials: we must call on God for help, adding at the same time: “Thy will be done!”.

Then we hear about the betrayal that the disciple commits by kissing Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane. What was it for? It was a sign. The fact is that after Communion the apostles were transformed and became so similar to the Savior that it was difficult to determine who among these people was their Teacher. The apostle Judas points to Jesus, and He is arrested. And here mercy is shown when the Lord asks to remove the knife, saying that the one who came with a knife or a sword will perish. Both the external and the internal component of the life of a Christian are indicated here, suggesting prayer, humility and readiness to sacrifice oneself as weapons. An amazing door opens before us, difficult to pass, but the only one possible for the salvation of our soul.

Let's try, dear brothers and sisters, to be attentive to words as much as it is possible in our life. Let us learn the art of following Christ in the willingness to start small, in the determination to show our efforts in bearing our cross. Amen!

Archpriest Andrey Alekseev

The Order of Glory for awarding privates and sergeants was established on November 8, 1943 on the same day as the Order of Victory - the highest of the "military" orders in the USSR. The Order of Victory was twice awarded to I.V. Stalin, G.K. Zhukov, A.M. Vasilevsky. In 1978, in violation of the statute of the order, he was awarded the Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPSU L.I. Brezhnev. The Order of Glory had several features that no other domestic award had: this is the only military distinction intended for awarding exclusively soldiers and sergeants (in aviation, also junior lieutenants); this is the only order of the USSR, issued only for personal merit and never issued to military units, enterprises, or organizations. The statute of the order provided for the promotion of holders of all three degrees in rank, which was an exception for the Soviet award system. The order was established on the initiative of I.V. Stalin. It was created as a "soldier's order", but on a par with the "commander's". The first reliably established awarding of the Order of Glory took place on November 13, 1943, when the awarding of the Order of the III degree to sapper V.S. Malyshev. The order to award the Order of Glory II degree was first signed on December 10, 1943; sappers of the 10th army of the First Belorussian Front, privates S.I. Baranov and A.G. Vlasov, who received the 1st degree of the order by the end of the war. The first decree on awarding the Order of Glory I degree was signed on July 22, 1944. They were awarded the sapper-corporal M.T. Pitenik and assistant platoon commander senior sergeant K.K. Shevchenko. The awarding of the Order of Glory lasted from November 1943 until the summer of 1945. In 1967 and 1975, additional benefits were introduced for full cavaliers of the Order of Glory, equalizing their rights with the Heroes of the Soviet Union. In particular, they were granted the right to assign them personal pensions of federal significance, large housing benefits, the right to free travel, and so on. The current legislation of the Russian Federation confirms all these rights to holders of the Order of Glory of three degrees.

Order of Glory - created to reward privates and sergeants of the Soviet army, as well as junior lieutenants of the USSR Air Force, established on November 8, 1943.

History of the Order of Glory

In November 1943, along with the general's Order of Victory, another award, the Order of Glory, was established. In contrast to the general Order of Victory, this award was intended for privates and sergeants of the Red Army, as well as for lieutenants of the USSR Air Force.

Work on the project of the order, with the working title of the Order of Bagration, began in August 1943. It was assumed that the order would have 4 degrees and a ribbon of orange-black colors (the colors of flame and smoke). Of the 26 sketches provided to the head of the Main Logistics Directorate of the Red Army, General Khrulev, he selected four, which were presented to Stalin on October 2, 1943.

In the final version, Stalin chose the design of N.I. Moskalev, and proposed to reduce the number of degrees to three, by analogy with the orders of Suvorov and Kutuzov, while agreeing with the author’s proposal to use a ribbon similar to the St. George ribbon of pre-revolutionary Russia. In addition, adding that there is no victory without glory, Stalin proposed that the award be renamed the Order of Glory.

The final design of the award was approved on October 23, 1943. The order was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of November 8, 1943. Subsequently, the Statute of the Order was partially amended by the Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of February 26 and December 16, 1947, and of August 8, 1957.

The Order of Glory is a five-pointed star, in the center of which there is a circle with the image of the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin, in the lower part there is a ribbon with the inscription "GLORY", along the edges of the circle there is a laurel wreath, the ribbon and the star on the tower are enameled with red enamel. The order is fastened with a ring to a pentagonal block covered with a silk moiré ribbon with three black and two orange stripes of equal width.

The Soviet Order of Glory is one of the unique orders in the history of the award system of the USSR, firstly, it practically repeated the St. George Cross in ideology, or as it was also called the “soldier George” of pre-revolutionary Russia. The issue of legitimizing the St. George Cross and equating its holders to holders of the Order of Glory was even seriously considered. Secondly, they were awarded exclusively sequentially from 3rd to 1st degree. Thirdly, the award of all degrees had the same ribbon. Fourthly, it was the only order that was awarded exclusively to soldiers and sergeants (in aviation, junior lieutenants as well).

In addition, the Order of Military Glory was one of the few Soviet orders that were awarded exclusively to people. In history, only one award is known that goes beyond this, after a successful assault on the enemy’s fortifications on the Vistula River, all soldiers and sergeants of the first battalion of the 215th Guards Regiment were awarded the Order of Glory, and after a while the battalion itself received this award, which from that moment became known as the Battalion of Glory.

Knights of the Order of Glory

For more efficient awarding in combat conditions, the right to award the Order of Glory of the 3rd degree was transferred to the commanders of formations, from the brigade and above, the Order of Glory of the 2nd degree - to the commanders of the armies, and the 1st degree, exclusively to the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces. After the end of the war, from February 26, 1947, only the USSR Armed Forces had the right to award all degrees of the Order of Glory.

The first decree on awarding dates back to November 13, 1943, Malyshev V.S. became the first holder of the Order of Glory III degree. for the fact that during the battle he was able to approach and destroy an enemy machine gun that interfered with the advance of the troops.

The first cavalier to receive the Order of Glory III degree was the sapper, Sergeant Israelyan G.A., who received his award on November 17, 1943. As a result, Malyshev is the first person presented for the award, but received it later, and Israelyan is physically the first to be awarded the Order of Glory.

The first awarding of the Order of Glory, II degree, took place on December 10, 1943, sappers of the 10th Army of the Western Front, privates Baranov S.I. became cavaliers. and Vlasov A.G.

The first awarding of the Order of Glory, I degree, took place on July 22, 1944. The first full cavaliers were the assistant platoon commander, senior sergeant Shevchenko K.K. and sapper, corporal Pitenin M.T.

Since the orders made were sent to different sectors of the front in batches, and there they were distributed among the headquarters of military units that had the right to award this order, the numbering of orders has a significant variation, and an order with a low number, by its date, can be issued later than an order with a high number .

The Order of Glory, 1st class, number 1, was received by the commander of the infantry squad, Guards Senior Sergeant Nikolai Zaletov (63rd Guards Rifle Division of the Leningrad Front), decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of October 5, 1944.

Badge of the Order of Glory, I degree No. 2, was received by a fighter of the same 63rd Guards Rifle Division, Sergeant Major Ivanov V.S. (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 24, 1945).

In connection with the confusion introduced by the war into the documents, there are cases of repeated awarding of the order of the same degree (most often the third), one person. For example, Khristenko Vasily Timofeevich was awarded the Order of Glory III degree on February 22, 1944, and then again on November 4, 1944. Subsequently, Vasily Timofeevich became a full holder of the Order of Glory (II degree - January 24, 1945 and I degree - May 15, 1946). In addition to him, three more cavaliers of the Order of Glory of three degrees each had four awards. These cavaliers are: Alimurat Gaibov, scout of the 128th Mountain Rifle Division (two Orders of Glory, II degree); Vasily Naldin, gunner of the 1071st anti-tank artillery regiment; Alexey Petrukovich, foreman of the 35th Guards Rifle Division.

Among almost three thousand full cavaliers of the Order of Glory, four were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. These gentlemen: artilleryman, guards senior sergeant Aleshin A.V.; attack pilot, junior lieutenant of aviation Drachenko I.G.; marine, guard foreman Dubinda P.Kh.; artilleryman, senior sergeant Kuznetsov N.I. (received the order of the 1st degree only in 1980).

In addition, four women are full holders of the Order of Glory: a sniper, foreman Petrova N.P.; machine gunner of the 16th Lithuanian division, sergeant Staniliene D.Yu.; nurse, foreman Nozdracheva M.S.; air gunner-radio operator of the 99th separate Guards reconnaissance aviation regiment of the 15th air army, guards foreman Zhurkina N.A.

The holder of two St. George's crosses, soldier Kuzin ST, fighting during the war years in the ranks of the Red Army, became a holder of two Orders of Glory.

In total, there were 2674 awards of the Order of Glory of the 1st degree - 2674, 2nd degree - 46473, 3rd degree - 997815.

Description of other awards of the Second World War of the USSR: The Order of Alexander Nevsky is the youngest of the commander's awards of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Badge of Excellent Submariner in order to recognize the most distinguished private and junior commanders of the USSR submarine fleet.

Order of Glory in the award system of the USSR

Price of the Order of Glory

The cost of the Order of Glory depends on its degree, type, safety and availability of documents. To date, the price of the order in collectible condition with documents starts from:

Order of Glory 1st class
1943-91 quantity ≈2674 pcs. - 470,000 rubles.
Order of Glory 2nd class
Type 1 1943 "Reverse with a side" qty ≈1000 pcs. - 170,000 rubles.
Type 2 1944-45 "Thin" number ≈20000 pcs. - 40000 rub.
Type 3 1945-91 "Thick" qty ≈25500 pcs. - 33000 rub.
Order of Glory 3rd class
Type 1 1943 "Reverse with a side" qty ≈900 pcs. - 130,000 rubles.
Type 2 1943 "clock at 11:52" qty ≈100000 pcs. - 3700 rub.
Type 3 "1944-91" quantity ≈700000 pcs. - 3300 rub.
Price updated as of 02/07/2020

Varieties of the Order of Glory, 1st class


Numbers 1-3776

Gold 950. The gold content in the order is 28.6 ± 1.5 g. The total weight is 30.4 ± 1.5 g.

Collectors share two subspecies of this order. On earlier versions, the numbers 1-3000 on the clock face of the Moscow Kremlin are embossed, Roman.

A later version of the order, numbers 3136-3776, differs in that the Roman numerals on the dial are replaced by abstract marks. In addition, later versions have a number of minor differences, so the star at the top of the badge no longer touches the outer rim, and the groove between the tower and the enameled ribbon disappeared at the bottom.

Varieties of the Order of Glory II degree


Numbers 4–1773

Orders of the second degree were made of silver, with gilding applied to the central medallion.

The first variants of the order have a 1 mm high border on the reverse along the contour of the star. The dial on the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin is made in Roman numerals, the clock points to 11:52.

Type 2 "Thin" 1944-45


Numbers 747-18680

The second type of the Order of Glory, 2nd class, differs from the first one in the absence of a border along the contour of a star on the reverse.

Otherwise, the sign of the order is exactly the same as the first type, the clock also shows 11:52 and is made with Roman numerals. The thickness of the order is 1-1.5 mm.

Type 3 "Fat" 1945-91


Numbers 15634-49365

The main difference between the third type of the order is its thickness, which is now 1.75-2 mm. In addition, collectors distinguish several types of the "Thick" order, differing in hours on the Spasskaya Tower:
Smooth dial (no hands and marks on the watch), numbers 15634-24687;
Clock shows 9:05, numbers 25445-32647;
The clock shows 9:00, the numbers are 24722-49395.

Varieties of the Order of Glory III degree

Type 1 "Reverse with a side" 1943


Numbers 6-955

The Order of Glory 3rd class was entirely made of silver, with an enameled star and ribbon.

A distinctive feature of the first type, as well as the second degree of the order, is a 1 mm wide rim on the reverse along the outline of a star. The clock on the Spasskaya Tower shows the time 11:52, the numbers on the dial are convex, Roman. The serial number is hand-marked with a chisel.

Type 2 "clock at 11:52" 1943


Numbers ≈ 1000-166000

The second type of the Order of Glory, III degree, is distinguished by the absence of a 1 mm wide border along the contour of the star on the reverse.

All other details correspond to the order of the first type, the dial is also made in Roman numerals, and the clock indicates 11:52.

Type 3 "1944-91" 1944-91


Numbers ≈ 130000-340000

The third type of order has been made since 1944, and differs from the previous one in that the time on it is not equal to 11:52. Collectors distinguish several variants of this type of order, depending on the time on the clock and the method of applying the number of the order:
Smooth dial (there are no hands and marks on the watch), engraver number, range of numbers ≈ 130000-340000;
Clock shows 10:12, engraver number, number range ≈ 314000-405000;
The clock shows 9:00, the number is engraved, the range of numbers is ≈ 348000-367300;
Clock shows 12:10, engraver number, number range ≈ 365000-391200;
Clock shows 15:02, engraver number, number range ≈ 349784-421660;
Clock shows 9:05, engraver number, number range ≈ 367705-626190;
The clock shows 9:00, the number is applied by a drill, the range of numbers is ≈ 352828-813370;

Statute of the Order of Glory

The Order of Glory is awarded to privates and sergeants of the Red Army, and in aviation to persons with the rank of junior lieutenant, who showed glorious feats of courage, courage and fearlessness in battles for the Soviet Motherland.

The order consists of three degrees: I, II and III degrees. The highest degree of the Order of Glory is the 1st degree. The award is made sequentially: first the third, then the second and, finally, the first degree.

The Order of Glory is awarded for:

  • Having burst into the enemy's location first, with personal courage he contributed to the success of the common cause;
  • Being in a tank on fire, he continued to carry out a combat mission;
  • In a moment of danger, he saved the banner of his unit from being captured by the enemy;
  • From personal weapons, with marksmanship, he destroyed from 10 to 50 enemy soldiers and officers;
  • In battle, anti-tank rifle fire disabled at least two enemy tanks;
  • Destroyed with hand grenades on the battlefield or behind enemy lines from one to three tanks;
  • Destroyed at least three enemy aircraft by artillery or machine gun fire;
  • Despising the danger, he was the first to break into the bunker (bunker, trench or dugout) of the enemy, with decisive actions destroyed his garrison;
  • As a result of personal reconnaissance, he established the weak points of the enemy’s defense and withdrew our troops behind enemy lines;
  • Personally captured an enemy officer;
  • At night, he removed the guard post (watch, secret) of the enemy or captured him;
  • Personally, with resourcefulness and courage, having made his way to the position of the enemy, he destroyed his machine gun or mortar;
  • Being on a night outing, he destroyed the enemy's warehouse with military equipment;
  • Risking his life, he saved the commander in battle from the immediate danger that threatened him;
  • Neglecting personal danger, he captured the enemy banner in battle;
  • Being wounded, after dressing he again returned to duty;
  • He shot down an enemy plane from personal weapons;
  • Having destroyed enemy firepower with artillery or mortar fire, he ensured the successful actions of his unit;
  • Under enemy fire, he made a passage for the advancing unit in the enemy's barbed wire;
  • Risking his life, under enemy fire, he assisted the wounded during a series of battles;
  • Being in a wrecked tank, he continued to carry out a combat mission from the tank's weapons;
  • Rapidly crashing into the enemy column on his tank, crushed it and continued to carry out the combat mission;
  • With his tank, he crushed one or more enemy guns or destroyed at least two machine-gun nests;
  • Being in reconnaissance, he obtained valuable information about the enemy;
  • The fighter pilot destroyed in air combat from two to four enemy fighter aircraft or from three to six bomber aircraft;
  • An attack pilot, as a result of an assault raid, destroyed from two to five enemy tanks or from three to six steam locomotives, or blew up an echelon at a railway station or stage, or destroyed at least two aircraft at an enemy airfield;
  • The attack pilot destroyed one or two enemy aircraft as a result of bold initiative actions in aerial combat;
  • The crew of a day bomber destroyed a railway echelon, blew up a bridge, an ammunition depot, fuel, destroyed the headquarters of any enemy unit, destroyed a railway station or stage, blew up a power plant, blew up a dam, destroyed a warship, transport, boat, destroyed at least two aircraft;
  • The crew of a light night bomber blew up an ammunition depot, fuel, destroyed the enemy headquarters, blew up a railway echelon, blew up a bridge;
  • The crew of a long-range night bomber destroyed a railway station, blew up an ammunition depot, fuel, destroyed a port facility, destroyed a sea transport or a railway echelon, destroyed or burned down an important plant or factory;
  • Day bomber crew for daring action in dogfight resulting in one to two aircraft being shot down;
  • Reconnaissance crew for successful reconnaissance, which resulted in valuable data on the enemy.

The Order of Glory is awarded by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Those awarded with the Orders of Glory of all three degrees are awarded the right to confer a military rank:

  • privates, corporals and sergeants - foremen;
  • having the rank of foreman - junior lieutenant;
  • junior lieutenants in aviation - lieutenant.

The Order of Glory is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other orders of the USSR, is located after the Order of the Badge of Honor in order of seniority.

The Order of Glory for awarding privates and sergeants was established on November 8, 1943 on the same day as the Order of Victory - the highest of the "military" orders.

The Order of Victory was twice awarded to I.V. Stalin, G.K. Zhukov, A.M. Vasilevsky. In 1978, in violation of the statute of the order, he was awarded the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee L.I. Brezhnev.

The Order of Glory had several features that no other domestic award had: this is the only military distinction intended for awarding exclusively soldiers and sergeants (in aviation, also junior lieutenants); this is the only order of the USSR, issued only for personal merit and never issued to military units, enterprises, or organizations. The statute of the order provided for the promotion of holders of all three degrees in rank, which was an exception for the Soviet award system.

The order was established on the initiative of I.V. Stalin. It was created as a "soldier's order", but on a par with the "commander's".

The first reliably established awarding of the Order of Glory took place on November 13, 1943, when the awarding of the Order of the III degree to sapper V.S. Malyshev was signed. The order to award the Order of Glory II degree was first signed on December 10, 1943; sappers of the 10th Army of the First Belorussian Front, privates S.I. Baranov and A.G. Vlasov, became cavaliers, by the end of the war they received the 1st degree of the order.

The first decree on awarding the Order of Glory I degree was signed on July 22, 1944. They were awarded to a sapper - corporal M.T. Pitenik and assistant platoon commander senior sergeant K.K. Shevchenko. The awarding of the Order of Glory lasted from November 1943 until the summer of 1945.

In 1967 and 1975, additional benefits were introduced for full cavaliers of the Order of Glory, equalizing their rights with the Heroes of the Soviet Union. In particular, they were granted the right to assign them personal pensions of federal significance, large housing benefits, the right to free travel, and so on. The current legislation of the Russian Federation confirms all these rights to holders of the Order of Glory of three degrees.


Warrior Calendar
1586 - Born Mikhail Vasilievich Skopin-Shuisky, prince, commander.
- 1772. During the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. The Battle of Patras took place. A detachment of Russian ships (2 linear, 2 frigates and 3 small ships) under the command of Captain 1st Rank M.T. Konyaev during a three-hour battle with the Turkish flotilla (8 frigates and 14 shebeks), stationed in the Gulf of Patras under the protection of the fortresses of Lepanto and Patras, destroyed 7 frigates and 6 shebeks. Konyaev was awarded the Order of St. George 3rd class.

1875. E. V. Tarle, historian, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, laureate of State Prizes (1942, 1943, 1946) was born. He wrote a large number of works on general Russian and military history, which are characterized by an abundance of factual material and a brilliant literary style. Among the main works are "Crimean War", "Napoleon's Invasion of Russia". In 1942-1945. He was a member of the Extraordinary State Commission for the Establishment and Investigation of the Atrocities of the Nazi Invaders on the Territory of the USSR. Died 01/05/1955

1887 Yu. A. Shaporin, composer and teacher, People's Artist of the USSR, was born. Professor of the Moscow Conservatory, laureate of the State Prize. His works on military-historical themes are imbued with high patriotic pathos: the symphony-cantata "On the Kulikovo Field" (1939), the oratorio "The Legend of the Battle for the Russian Land" (1944). Author of music for the films "Suvorov", "Kutuzov", "Minin and Pozharsky", "Victory". Died 1966

1899 Born M. S. Gromadin, Colonel General (1943). In the Red Army since 1918. In the Civil War, he participated in battles on the Southern and South-Western fronts. Since 1938, he held staff and command positions in the air defense forces. In 1941, he led the country's air defense forces, led the reflection of the first enemy air raids on Moscow. From 1943 he commanded the troops of a number of air defense fronts. In 1946-1948. commander of the country's air defense forces. Died 06/03/1962

1919 The Higher Military Electrotechnical School of the Red Army Command Staff was established on the basis of the Electrotechnical Officer School (the first head was A.V. Babinsky). In 1932, on its basis, the Electrotechnical Academy of the Red Army was created, which was named after S. M. Budyonny the following year. Since 1946, the Military Academy of Communications. S. M. Budyonny. Currently - Military University of Communications.

1923 By order of the Revolutionary Military Council, the Scientific and Technical Committee of the Directorate of the Naval Forces of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army was established to develop "... a wide range of issues and proposals in relation to the theory and practice of naval affairs and technology."

1923 D.T. Yazov, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1990) was born. In the Red Army since 1941. Member of the Great Patriotic War. Since 1979, commander of the Central Group of Forces, then the troops of a number of military districts. Since January 1987, Deputy. Minister of Defense of the USSR for Personnel - Head of the Main Directorate of Personnel of the USSR Ministry of Defense. From May 1987 to August 1991 Minister of Defense of the USSR.

1943 By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the highest military order was established - the Order of Victory (author-artist A.I. Kuznetsov), the Order of Victory No. 1 was awarded to Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov. Three people - I. V. Stalin, G. K. Zhukov and A. M. Vasilevsky - were awarded the order twice.

On the same day, another Decree established the Order of Glory (author - artist N. I. Moskalev) of three degrees, to reward private and non-commissioned officers of the Red Army who committed glorious feats of courage, courage and fearlessness in the battles for the Soviet Motherland.

The first recipient of the Order of Glory was Corporal M. T. Pitenin. During the years of World War II, about two and a half thousand people became cavaliers of all degrees of the order. Among them are four women: air gunner-radio operator N. A. Zhurkina, machine gunner D. Yu. Stanielene, medical instructor M. S. Nozdracheva, sniper N. P. Petrova. Senior Sergeant N. A. Zaletov became the first full cavalier.

1947 Born M. I. Barsukov, statesman, general of the army (1995). Graduated from the Moscow Higher Military Command School. Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR (1970), Military Academy. M. V. Frunze (1979). Since December 1991, the commandant of the Kremlin, since June 1992, the head of the Main Directorate of Security. From 07/24/1995 to 06/20/1996 director of the FSB of the Russian Federation.

Established by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 8, 1943. The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 18, 1944 approved the sample and description of the ribbon of the Order of Victory, as well as the procedure for wearing the bar with the ribbon of the Order.

The Order of Victory is the highest military order of the USSR, which was awarded to senior officers of the Red Army for the successful conduct of such military operations on the scale of one or more fronts, as a result of which the situation radically changed in favor of the Red Army.

It was created according to the sketches of the artist Alexander Kuznetsov.

The Order of Victory is worn on the left side of the chest 12-14 centimeters above the waist. The ribbon for the Order "Victory" is worn on the left side of the chest, on a separate bar, one centimeter higher than other order ribbons.

The award was made only by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Unlike all other Soviet orders, the Order "Victory" did not have a number (it was indicated only in the award document), after the death of the recipient, this order was returned to the state.

The names of all those awarded the Order of Victory are written on memorial plaques installed in the State Grand Kremlin Palace.

For the entire period of existence of the main military award of the USSR, 19 awards were made. The award was received by 17 military leaders, three of whom were awarded the Order of Victory twice.

On April 10, 1944, Marshals of the Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov and Alexander Vasilevsky opened the list of those awarded the order. In 1945 they were awarded the order for the second time. Twice the Order of Victory was also awarded to Joseph Stalin (April 29, 1944 and June 26, 1945).

The Order of Victory was awarded to Soviet military leaders Ivan Konev, Konstantin Rokossovsky, Rodion Malinovsky, Fedor Tolbukhin, Leonid Govorov, Alexei Antonov, Semyon Timoshenko and Kirill Meretskov.

After the end of World War II in June-September 1945, this order was also awarded to five foreigners: American General of the Army Dwight David Eisenhower, British Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery, King of Romania Mihai I of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Marshal of Poland Michal Zymerski (Rola-Zhymerski) and Yugoslav Marshal Josip Broz Tito.

In February 1978, a Decree was issued on awarding the Order of Victory to the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Leonid Brezhnev, but later in 1989 it was canceled as inconsistent with the statute of the order.

Of the 17 people who were awarded the order, only Michael I remained alive today.

In the 1960s, the Victory Order was exhibited at the Diamond Fund. Currently, the Orders of Victory of Russian military leaders, as well as the award of Michal Zymersky, are kept in the funds of the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War and the Office of the President of Russia for Personnel Issues and State Awards.

Order of Glory

Established by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of November 8, 1943. Subsequently, the Statute of the Order was partially amended by Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of February 26 and December 16, 1947 and August 8, 1957.

The Order of Glory is a military order of the USSR. They were awarded to the privates and sergeants of the Red Army, and in aviation and to persons with the rank of junior lieutenant, who showed glorious feats of courage, courage and fearlessness in the battles for the Soviet Motherland.

The statute of the Order of Glory indicated the feats for which this distinction could be awarded. It could be obtained, for example, by the one who first broke into the enemy’s location, who in battle saved the banner of his unit or captured the enemy’s, who, risking his life, saved the commander in battle, who shot down a fascist aircraft from a personal weapon (rifle or machine gun) or destroyed up to 50 enemy soldiers, etc.

The Order of Glory had three degrees: I, II and III. The highest degree of the order was the I degree. The award was made sequentially: first the third, then the second and, finally, the first degree.

The sign of the order was created according to the sketches of the chief artist of the CDKA Nikolai Moskalev. It is a five-pointed star with a relief image of the Kremlin with the Spasskaya Tower in the center. The Order of Glory is worn on the left side of the chest, in the presence of other orders of the USSR it is located after the Order of the Badge of Honor in order of seniority.

The badge of the order of the 1st degree is made of gold, the badge of the order of the 2nd degree is made of silver, with gilding, the badge of the order of the 3rd degree is completely silver, without gilding.

The order is worn on a pentagonal block covered with a St. George ribbon (orange with three black longitudinal stripes).

The right to award the Order of Glory of the III degree was presented to the commanders of divisions and corps, the II degree - to the commanders of armies and fronts, the I degree was awarded only by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

The first full knights of the Order of Glory by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 22, 1944 were the soldiers of the 3rd Belorussian Front - sapper corporal Mitrofan Pitenin and scout senior sergeant Konstantin Shevchenko. Orders of Glory, 1st class for No. 1 and No. 2, were awarded to the soldiers of the Leningrad Front to the infantryman of the guard, senior sergeant Nikolai Zaletov and the scout of the guard, foreman Viktor Ivanov.

In January 1945, for the only time in the history of the existence of the award, the Order of Glory was awarded to the entire private and sergeant staff of a military unit. This honor for heroism in breaking through the enemy defenses on the Vistula River was awarded to the first rifle battalion of the 215th Red Banner Regiment of the 77th Guards Chernihiv Rifle Division.

In total, about 980 thousand people were awarded the Order of Glory of the III degree, about 46 thousand became holders of the Order of the II degree, 2656 soldiers were awarded Orders of Glory of three degrees (including those who were re-awarded).

Four women became full cavaliers of the Order of Glory: gunner-radio operator of the guards foreman Nadezhda Zhurkina-Kiek, machine gunner sergeant Danute Staniliene-Markauskienė, medical instructor foreman Matryona Necheporchukova-Nazdracheva and sniper of the 86th Tartu Rifle Division foreman Nina Petrova.

For subsequent special feats, four cavaliers of the three Orders of Glory were also awarded the highest distinction of the Motherland - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union: guard pilot junior lieutenant Ivan Drachenko, infantry foreman Pavel Dubinda, gunners senior sergeant Nikolai Kuznetsov and guard senior sergeant Andrey Aleshin.

On January 15, 1993, the law "On the status of Heroes of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation and full holders of the Order of Glory" was adopted, according to which the rights of those awarded with these awards were equalized. The recipients of these awards, as well as members of their families, received the right to certain benefits in housing conditions, in the treatment of wounds and illnesses, in the use of transport, etc.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

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