What are the unusual characters in fairy tales and parables. Analysis of the Tatar folk tale "Three Daughters"

a work of the fabulous and what is real?

3. What will the little prince and we learn about?

4. The fairy tale reminds adults that they were children, that one should not forget about childhood, because children feel more acutely and sometimes understand life more deeply than adults. What does the fairy tale (the words, the actions of the heroes of the relationship) say about this?

1) There on unknown paths
Traces of unknown animals
Hut there on chicken legs
It stands without windows, without doors.

2) Wind, wind! you are powerful
you drive flocks of clouds
you excite the blue sea
everywhere you fly in the open
don't be afraid of anyone
except God alone

3) Girlfriend of my harsh days
my deep decrepit!
alone in the wilderness of pine forests
long, long time you've been waiting for me!
2) Finish the quotes from the fairy tales of A.S. Pushkin:
1) Three girls under the window ...
2) The squirrel sings songs ...
3) And day and night the cat is a scientist ...
4) The tale is a lie and there is a hint in it!

3) Recognize the character of the fairy tale by A.S. Pushkin by description.
Tall, slender, white,
And she took it with her mind and everything;
But proud, broken
Willful and jealous

4) With what events in Pushkin's life is the poem "The Prisoner" connected?
1) study at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum
2) link to Chisinau
3) travel around the Caucasus

5) How many characters are in the poem "Oznak"?

7) If you were offered to illustrate this poem, what would you depict and what colors would you use?

2. Try to determine what is a fairy tale in the Nutcracker and what is reality. Does Hoffmann clearly express the line between a fairy tale and reality? Why does the author emphasize several times the external resemblance of the Nutcracker to the godfather? Please help me with at least one question!!

UMK: literary reading, author E.I. Matveeva, Elkonin-Davydov system

Chapter: Parable word in a fairy tale

Subject: Parable words in the fairy tales of K.D. Ushinsky "Two Plows" and "Wind and Sun"

Target: to uncoverinstructive conclusions based on everyday stories in fairy tales-parablesK.D.Ushinsky "Two plows" and "Wind and sun"

Tasks:

Determine the features of a fairy tale-parable, learn to identify teachings in fairy tales;

Develop the ability to draw conclusions, correlate the actions of heroes with moral standards;

Contribute to the education of moral values ​​such as kindness and diligence.

Lesson stages

Teacher activity

Children activities

1.Creating a learning situation

slide 1parable

What does this word mean to you?

slide 2 short story

worldly story

Hidden meaning

Contains teaching

A parable is a short everyday story with a hidden meaning containing a lesson.

A parable is a lesson in an example

What is teaching?

Teaching teaches life, the mind, how not to behave, teaches kindness, mercy, diligence, love your neighbor

Let's remember the previous lesson. Read the parable:

What lesson does the parable contain?

Here came outsower sow. And when he sowed, something elseseed fell by the road, and the birds pecked at it. Other seed fell on stony places where there was little earth, and soon sprouted, but soon withered, because it had no root and no moisture. Another fell into the thorns, and the thorns choked him. Another seed fell ongood land and bore fruit.

Who has ears to hear, let him hear!

Teaches to be attentive, kind, sensitive to each other. After allgood earth is a good heart.

Solution of specific practical problems

What do you think we will do in class?

Open p.49. K.D.Ushinsky

Have you ever heard this name?

-Listen and remember: KDU is a great Russian writer and teacher. Born in the city of Tula in 1824 - this is about 200 years ago, in the family of a nobleman. He wrote many interesting stories, fairy tales for children.

Find and sign the portrait of the KDU.

Writer, storyteller...

Group work

(Cards with three unsigned portraits: A.S. Pushkin, K.D. Ushinsky, F.K. Sologub)

Fizminutka:

In an open field, a teremok.

Smoke comes out of the chimney.

There is a lock on the door.

Who could open it?

Gray bunny jumping and lope -

And jumped over the threshold

Teremok staggered,

And the castle opened.

Reading "Two Plows"

Slide 3 - photo of the plow

Reading Wind and Sun

Name the heroes of fairy tales

To what genre can these works be attributed? Why?

Prepared students read.

Shiny plow and rusty plow

wind, sun, man

Story because...

A parable because...

Tales-parables

Fairy tale + parable = fairy tale-parable

Group work

Reveal the lesson

Group work

( for each workpiece group)

1gr.- dramatize the tale "Two Plows"

2gr. - retell the tale "The Wind and the Sun"

3gr.- identify the main idea of ​​the fairy tale-parable "Two Plows" and select suitable proverbs and sayings.

4gr.- reveal the main idea of ​​the fairy tale-parable "The Wind and the Sun" and read the kindest words in this work.

Reflection

Can these teachings be useful to you in life?

Yes…

Homework

Tell fairy tales to your parents.

Origin of fairy tales. Invention specific. ancient motives. Plot types. Experience in subject classification. Poetics and style. Composition. Space and time. style formulas. Contamination. Image system. Themes, images, meaning of the most common fairy tales.

A fairy tale is a story about extraordinary events and adventures involving unrealistic characters. Wonderful, fantastic events take place in it. Fairy tales of this type arose as a result of a poetic rethinking of the oldest stories about the observance of taboos - everyday prohibitions for various occasions, created in order to escape from the power of a mysterious evil force. There must have been tales of taboo breaking and the unfortunate events that followed.

In fairy tales, we see echoes of prohibitions - eating unknown food or drinking from unknown sources, as well as leaving the house, touching certain objects. Violating his sister's prohibition, brother Ivanushka drinks water from the trace of a goat's hoof and turns into a goat. Having violated the parents' prohibition to leave the house, the sister leaves with her little brother to the clearing, and he is carried away by swan geese to Baba Yaga's hut. Forgetting about the prohibition of the gray wolf to touch the cage of the firebird and the bridle of the golden-maned horse, Ivan Tsarevich gets into trouble.

The invention of a fairy tale is specific. Everything in it is unusual, and the question of the probability, the reliability of the narrative is completely removed. In a fairy tale of this type, there are motifs that contain belief in witchcraft, in the existence of the other world and the possibility of returning from there, into werewolf - the transformation of people into a river or lake, all kinds of animals and even into a church, as, for example, in the fairy tale "Vasilisa the Wise and the Sea King ".

Some fairy tales are associated with mythological representations. Such characters as Morozko, the Sea or Water King, the wonderful sons-in-law the Sun, the Month, the Wind or the Eagle, the Falcon and the Raven are clearly associated with the deification of the forces of nature and the veneration of the totem beast. The cult of ancestors is revealed in the form of a wonderful doll, which the dying mother gives to Vasilisa. The doll helps the orphan to resist the intrigues of her stepmother and saves her from Baba Yaga.

Thus, fairy tales have retained the once real features of long-vanished ideas, life phenomena, traces of lived through human epochs, which are now perceived by us as fantasy, fiction. For example, in the images of the wise virgins Vasilisa the Wise, Marya Morevna, Elena the Beautiful, who have supernatural abilities and help the hero, the ideas of the era of matriarchy about the superiority of a woman over a man are clearly revealed. The motives for human sacrifice are visible, for example, in the tales of the Snake that kidnaps girls; witchcraft and cannibalism - in the tales of Baba - Yaga. These and other fairy-tale motifs are an echo of a long-forgotten reality, but in fairy tales they are not perceived as a story about the past. They form that wonderful fantasy world in which fairy tale characters live.

The fantasy of a fairy tale was also shaped by dreams turned to the future. The story is ahead of reality. Dreaming of fast movement on the ground, a man in a fairy tale creates walking boots. He wants to fly through the air - he creates a flying carpet. He wants to always be full - and in the fairy tale there appear a tablecloth-self-collection, a wonderful mill, a pot that can boil any amount of porridge on order.

Fairy tales are a complex genre in terms of their plot structure. They include heroic tales about the hero's struggle with enemies, stories about the search for curiosities, getting a bride, stories about a stepdaughter and stepmother, and others. In the index of fairy tale plots by A. Aarne, one can find 144 plots known in Russian fairy tales. In addition, the Russian scientist N.P. Andreev found another 38 plots unknown to the folklore of other peoples. Russian researcher of fairy tales V.Ya. Propp identified the following types of plots:

1. The struggle of the hero with a wonderful opponent.

2. Release from captivity or witchcraft of the bride (wife) or groom.

3. About a wonderful helper.

4. About a wonderful item that helps the hero achieve his goal.

5. About the miraculous power or unusual skill of the hero.

6. Other types of plots not included in the previous sections.

As a rule, the plot of a fairy tale begins with an intriguing plot, an unusual event: for example, in the fairy tale “Three Kingdoms”, the plot of a fairy tale action begins with the fact that a whirlwind flew into the garden where the queen is walking, grabbed her and carried her away no one knows where. The plot emphasizes the unusual nature of what is happening, shows that we will talk about the wonderful adventures of the heroes. The plot of each fairy tale is unique. Its distinguishing feature is multi-event. The tale describes a rather long period in the tense and dramatic life of the hero. The hero of the fairy tale goes through a series of trials, performs difficult tasks.

In different fairy tales, the same motifs, or the most frequently occurring episodes, occur. For example, the motive for excommunicating the hero from home for any reason, the motives for difficult assignments, the search for a kidnapped wife or bride, competition with the enemy, the motive for fleeing from the enemy, the assistance of wonderful helpers or objects. With all the plot differences, the structure of fairy tales is the same: the motives are strictly sequential, each previous motive explains the next one, prepares the main, culminating event. Usually the most significant motif in a fairy tale can be repeated three times. Repetition slows down the plot action, but fixes the listeners' attention on an important moment.

The composition of the fairy tale can be characterized as circular and one-line. Conventionally, the sequence of actions can be conveyed by the scheme: the hero leaves the house to perform feats or for adventures - feats or adventures - return. This creates a closed action, a circular composition. Highlighting the hero at the beginning of the story, the tale connects all actions with him, the whole chain of fairy-tale events refers to him. We will not find a single episode where the main character would be absent. Such a construction is called unilinear.

A specific feature of a fairy tale is the depiction of a special fairy tale space and time in which the hero's actions are performed. The artistic space of a fairy tale is limited from the real. It is clearly divided into its own - "a certain kingdom, a certain state" in which the hero lives, and someone else's, another - "a faraway kingdom, a faraway state", in which the hero passes tests and performs feats. The border between them is always some kind of obstacle. It can be a dark forest, a fiery river, a sea, a mountain, a well, a deep pit, which the hero needs to be able to overcome in order to get from “his” into the “other” kingdom.

The artistic time of a fairy tale is a special fairy tale time that does not coincide with the real time either in its length or in its character. It is always referred to an indefinitely distant past. It is conditional, surreal. It is never measured in years, but only in events. The hero of a fairy tale never gets old. About his life until the moment he leaves home to perform his exploits, it is narrated very briefly. Only from the moment the hero leaves the house does the countdown begin, and then the time is determined only by the events that the fairy tale tells about. Fairytale time always consistently moves forward, into the future, never returning to the hero's past. It is clearly divided into travel time and event time.

To indicate the time of the hero on the road, special artistic formulas are used, for example: "soon the fairy tale is told, but the deed is not done soon." Use verbs of motion that are repeated 2-3 or more times. More repetitions means more travel time. “Ivan Tsarevich is coming, coming, coming…” means that he goes for a very long time. The length of the path can be transmitted by a state of fatigue, hunger, thirst, wear of clothes and shoes.

The world of fairy tale characters is unusually diverse. The central place in the system of images is occupied by positive characters, endowed with ideal physical and moral qualities. In turn, they are divided into the following groups: the hero-hero, the hero-lucky and the hero - an imaginary fool. The second row is made up of the hero's assistants, with the assistance of which he accomplishes his exploits and successfully overcomes all obstacles and adventures. The third row is the enemies or pests of the hero with whom he fights.

Heroes - heroes are born from a miraculous conception and from infancy endowed with titanic strength and other supernatural qualities. This type of heroes includes Pokatigoroshek, Ivan the Bear's Ear, Ivan Suchich, Ivan the Cow's Son and others. Pokatipeas is born miraculously - from a pea that his mother finds and eats. The time from conception to birth is fantastically shortened. He grows not by years, but by the hour, he has extraordinary mental abilities: he begins to speak and reason reasonably, while still in the womb. He has superhuman stamina and gigantic strength. He performs feats, killing a monstrous snake, rescuing his sister and brothers from captivity. This is one of the archaic types of heroes of the East Slavic fairy tale epic, it is based on the cult of plant power.

Ivan - Bear's Ear or Medvedko is born as a result of the cohabitation of a woman (sometimes a man) with a bear (bear). Outwardly, he is “just like a man, only bear ears” or “a man to the waist, and a bear from the waist.” Like Pokatigoroshek, he is unusually fast growing, strong and smart. This is a violent, mischievous nature. In childhood, carelessly playing with peers, cripples them. In the image of this hero, heroic and satirical-humorous features merged. In the tales of the bear's son, traces of the cult of the totem beast are visible.

The lucky hero (usually his name in fairy tales is Ivan Tsarevich, Ivan the peasant son), unlike the hero hero, does not have titanic strength, although he is strong and dexterous, often handsome: there is no way to withdraw." But the main thing in him is his high moral qualities, with which he attracts assistants, and they serve him, helping to overcome all obstacles. This type of hero embodies the human ideal: he is kind, fair, disinterested, honest. Dying of hunger, he spares the animals, enduring need, shares the last piece with the beggar. He unquestioningly fulfills his father's order, coming three nights in a row for himself and for his older brothers to guard his father's grave. For each good deed, the hero is rewarded with a wonderful horse or a wonderful object.

The imaginary fool is the hero in disguise. In a fairy tale, this is always the third, youngest son in a peasant family (“At the command of a pike”, “Sivka-burka”, “Pig is a golden bristle”, “Humpbacked Horse”). Sometimes this is the only son of a poor widow ("Magic Ring"), a merchant's son ("Dunno", "Bald", "Mysterious Knight"). The fool does not have a family of his own and lives with his brothers, being, as it were, subordinate to their wives, who give him small assignments. The tale never shows him as a participant in important economic and family affairs. He can be sent to the river for water or to the forest for firewood, or sent to guard. But they are never sent to plow, sow or trade.

He may appear lazy and inactive. Usually he is not busy with anything: he sits on the stove or in a corner behind the stove, sorting through the stove ash, which is perceived by others as stupidity. However, this is precisely what distinguishes the fool as a special hero. The furnace (ash, and ashes) in folk mythology is tied to the spirits of the house and the cult of ancestors. The fool is connected with another world, the laws of which differ from the laws of the real world, and is under its special protection.

Being in a dependent position on family members, sometimes suffering hunger and deprivation, a fool does not seek to change his unenviable position. Therefore, Emelya, having received a wonderful opportunity from a pike - to command, does not use it to acquire material wealth and power, but uses it so as not to waste time on boring everyday affairs: he makes the buckets go to the hut, the sleigh goes to the forest, the ax to chop wood - he supposedly lazy. But his laziness is imaginary, for as soon as the hour strikes, this laziness will not remain in sight: Ivan the Fool will ride a horse, getting the bride’s ring, Emelya will erect a huge bridge with a crystal palace on a beautiful island. At the right moment, the fool will begin to show extraordinary cunning and ingenuity, which are completely absent from him in everyday life.

He is not endowed from birth with either physical strength or beauty. Outwardly, he may look dirty, downtrodden and insignificant, unsightly. But the fairy tale never speaks of his physical shortcomings, short stature or outward ugliness. Usually his ugliness is due to the fact that he is deliberately untidy: dirty, unwashed, stained with soot, dressed in rags. In this form, he can, for the amusement of the brothers, go on a thin horse to the invited feast in the royal palace, while the brothers dress up in the best clothes and ride good horses.

His impracticality seems foolish to those around him. Emelya releases the caught pike into the river, instead of boiling it and eating to the full (“At the command of the pike”). A fool does not know the value of money. Vanka, the widow's son, spends the last pennies intended for food, and even gives his last jacket to ransom the animals doomed to death ("Magic Ring"). Ivan, a merchant's son, nurses a glacial colt covered with scabs ("Dunno"). The strange (from the point of view of others) impracticality of a fool, upon closer examination, turns out to be his virtue: pity and kindness towards the weak and defenseless.

Thanks to his humane attitude towards animals, selflessness, strict fulfillment of his father's covenants, moral superiority over his enemies and ill-wishers, he acquires true friends and helpers who help him acquire such treasures and benefits that his practical and active brothers did not even dream of. For kindness, a fairy tale rewards goodness, and over time, the imaginary fool becomes a written handsome man, performs heroic deeds (liberates the kingdom from enemies) or builds palaces, plants beautiful gardens, and then marries the king's daughter and inherits the kingdom.

Unfairly persecuted heroines - sufferers can act as heroes of a fairy tale. Most often these are “orphans”: Cinderella, sister Alyonushka, Tiny - Khavroshechka, Vasilisa, Bezruchka. Fairy tales emphasize not external beauty, but kindness, modesty, gentleness, obedience, patience, humility, diligence and other qualities characteristic of a Christian woman. The evil stepmother (“Cinderella”) exhausts them with overwork, they suffer from hunger, cold, dress in rags, they do not hear a kind word from anyone. They are slandered, they are opposed to their own daughters. An orphan has no right to vote in his defense. She has no one to complain about her hard life, no one to cry out her grief to. However, the sorrows of orphans in the fairy tale are temporary, and their suffering is purifying. In addition, the orphan has many helpers.

The helpers of the hero in fairy tales are varied. Most often, the first assistant and friend of the hero is a woman: his wife, bride, mother or sister. These can be both sorceresses and princesses: Marya the princess, Nastasya Korolevichna, Marya Morevna, Varvara the beauty, the golden braid, Elena the Beautiful, Vasilisa the Wise, assistants with miraculous abilities, wisdom and beauty. Fairy-tale heroines are so beautiful that "neither in a fairy tale to say, nor to describe with a pen."

Most of them have unusual abilities because associated with another world, they can be daughters or relatives of the powerful forces of nature. For example, Marya Morevna is the daughter of the Sea Tsar. Vasilisa the Wise may be the daughter of Koshchei the Immortal or the Serpent. Sometimes the daughter of Baba Yaga can be an assistant. They perform all sorts of difficult tasks for the hero, save him from dangers.

The images of wonderful helpers in a fairy tale are varied, and their functions correspond to their names: Swat-Mind, a powerful invisible person who fulfills all the orders of the hero in the fairy tale "Go there - I don't know where, bring that - I don't know what." The hero’s assistants can be counter heroes endowed with unusual properties, personifying the mighty forces of nature: Gorynya or Horus - Gorovik (“turns mountains, throws them from handle to handle”), Dubynia or Oak - Dubovik (pulls out mighty oaks with the roots), Adoptive, overlapping with his mustache of the river: “The mustache - the hero - locks the river with his mustache, catches fish with his mouth”, Skorokhod, who walks on one leg, and the other is tied to his ear, since on two legs he “would have stepped over the whole world in one step.” This gallery of assistants is continued by Ruhach, Opivalo, Eaten, Much from dogs, Much from fire, etc.

Sometimes Baba Yaga acts as an assistant to the hero. She gives him good advice, a magical horse of unusual strength, and presents wonderful items: a ball that shows the hero the way to the goal, an invisibility cap, walking boots, etc. She lives in the "thirtieth kingdom, beyond thirty lakes, where even a raven does not bring a Russian bone." Many fabulous attributes indicate that the image of Baba Yaga is the embodiment of the deceased progenitor. Her hut on chicken legs resembles the ancient type of burials in small structures made of wood on pillars. In some tales, it is reported that it is fenced with a fence with skulls on stakes (it is like a grave in the center of a large burial).

Usually Baba Yaga lies motionless “on the stove, on the ninth brick, her nose has grown into the ceiling” or drives around the hut in a mortar. She is ugly, ugly, she has a bone leg. V.Ya. Propp believes that Baba Yaga's "bone-footedness" also indicates that this is the image of a dead man. She does not see the hero, but she recognizes his approach by smell. This also brings the image of Baba Yaga closer to the dead, whose eyes are always closed. She becomes the hero's assistant in those cases when he is her relative on the part of his wife. It can be assumed that the image of Baba Yaga the helper embodies the veneration of deceased relatives, whose mercy and help a person sought to receive.

Animals can be assistants: a horse, a cow, a wolf, a bear, a dog, a cat, a snake, a falcon, a raven, a drake, a duck, an eagle, a pike. Help the hero and insects (bees, ants). Various magical items and curiosities also act as assistants. One of the groups of such helpers is “inexhaustible” wonderful objects: “sambranca tablecloth”, “jug with forty horns”, from which various drinks and dishes appear, “self-shaking purse”; the other group is “self-acting” objects: “flying carpet”, “boots-walkers”, “self-fighting baton”, “gusli-samogudy”.

Some magical items have the ability to hide and, at the right time, let out the good fellows who help the hero: “bag - give mind”, a wonderful chest, etc. The “invisibility cap”, a magic ball that indicates the right path, also acts as an assistant. The hero is helped by living and dead water, which adds or subtracts strength, potions (“sleeping potion”), pins, a comb, and other items that have the property of lulling. Often there are wonderful objects in fairy tales that have the magical power to turn into powerful barriers for the pursuers of the hero: a towel - into a river, lake, sea, a comb - into a dense forest, mountains.

Helpers in fairy tales about orphans are kind sorceresses who replace their dead mother (“Cinderella”), a magic doll left to an orphan by a dying mother (“Vasilisa the Wise and Baba Yaga”), a cow (“Tiny Khavroshechka”). And, as a late phenomenon of the Christian period, in fairy tales - the Most Holy Theotokos, healing the heroine and helping to restore justice ("Handless").

The opponents of the hero are conditionally divided by researchers into two groups: the monsters of the "other" kingdom and the enemies of the "own" kingdom. The former include "Oh" - a skilled sorcerer and werewolf, "Heself with a fingernail, a beard with an elbow" - an evil dwarf of Russian fairy tales, an ungrateful and impudent creature with exorbitant physical strength, despite his small stature. Baba Yaga, a sorceress, an evil adviser, a warrior, a cannibal and a kidnapper, can also act as an adversary. In the image of Yaga, the opponent of the hero, one can guess the ideas of ancient people about a strange, hostile pawn dead.

The most common image in the fairy tale is the Serpent (Snake-mountain) - a huge multi-headed monster with three, six, nine, twelve or more heads, aggressive towards the hero. He can live in water, mountain or the underworld. He devours people, kidnaps girls (echoes of cult sacrifices), less often - kidnaps heavenly bodies (echoes of ancient myths). Kashchei the Immortal (Kosh, Karachun) is a traditional image of a woman kidnapper in Russian fairy tales. He kidnaps the hero's mother or fiancee. You can kill him only if you find out the secret of his death: “There is an oak tree, a box under the oak tree, a hare in the box, a duck in the hare, an egg in the duck, my death is in the egg.” This is the most common story about the "death of Kashchei in the egg."

The opponents of “their” kingdom are the evil stepmother-sorceress, the king, the royal sons-in-law, and sometimes the bride or wife of the hero who occupies a higher social position, who wants to kill him. The struggle of the hero with the enemy helps to see his character, becomes a means of revealing the ideological content of the tale. A special place among these images is occupied by the image of a stepmother and her own daughters. Usually, after the death of the first wife, the old man marries a second time.

The stepmother in a fairy tale is always given in contrast with her own mother, she is never kind, she always hates her stepdaughter or her husband's children from her first marriage. The reasons may be different. Most often, the daughter's stepmothers in the fairy tale are ugly, lazy, arrogant, they are opposed to the beauty and moral qualities of an orphan. Sometimes the stepmother acts like a stupid, grumpy woman who cannot please the stepdaughter. Very often she is depicted in a fairy tale as an evil witch who tries to exterminate stepchildren, turns them into birds and drives them away. In the fairy tale, the stepmother is always punished. Her own daughter returns ashamed (toads jump out of her mouth at every word) or her remains are brought - with her rude behavior, she invited death upon herself. At the same time, the stepdaughter receives a rich dowry and marries a fairy prince.

A fairy tale has its own specific structure. Unlike other types of fairy tales, it has sayings, beginnings and endings. Sayings are rhythmic and rhyming jokes that are not related to the plot. Their goal is to focus, attract the attention of listeners, set them up in a special way. The joke is said smartly and contains humor: “The fairy tale begins from Sivka, from Burka, from Kaurka's things. On the sea, on the ocean, on the island on Buyan, there is a baked bull, crushed garlic in the back. Cut on one side, and eat on the other. The saying is found only in the tales of experienced skillful storytellers and quite rarely. More often, a fairy tale begins with an opening that takes the listener from the real to a special fairy-tale world, introduces the place of action and the characters. The most common beginning: “In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived and there was a king ...” or: “There used to be yes lived - there lived an old man and an old woman, they had three sons”, or briefly: “Once upon a time there was .. .".

The fairy tale ends with endings, which are also of a humorous nature, their goal is to close the fairy tale, defuse attention and return listeners to the real world, make them smile and even laugh, draw attention to the storyteller in order to receive gratitude, a gift or a treat. Most traditionally: “That's the end of the fairy tale, and whoever listened - well done. For you - a fairy tale, and for me - bagels knitting. Sometimes the storyteller turns out to be a guest of a wedding feast that completes the plot: “And I was there, I drank honey-beer, it flowed down my mustache, but it didn’t get into my mouth. They gave me a pancake, and that one rotted.” Endings are not always found. Most often, the fairy tale ends with the formula: "They began to live, live and make good." Or: “The whole fairy tale, you can’t lie anymore.”

In fairy tales there are often repeated poetic clichés - traditional formulas common to different plots and textual variants. We have already spoken about artistic formulas depicting time and space. In addition, fairy tales use formulas to describe the beauty of heroes: “neither to say in a fairy tale, nor to describe with a pen”, a formula depicting the growth rate of a hero: “grows by leaps and bounds”. In many fairy tales, there is an appeal-spell to a magic horse: "Sivka-burka, prophetic kaurka, stand in front of me, like a leaf in front of grass." A spell is spread by the hero of the revolving hut of Baba Yaga, into which he must enter: “Hut-hut, stand in the old way, as your mother set, back to the forest, front to me,” etc.

Fairy tales have a peculiar language and poetic style. Previously, they used to say not to tell, but to tell a fairy tale, because the storyteller's speech during performance differed significantly from everyday speech. In the poetic language of a fairy tale, we note a tendency to use phrases formed from synonyms and cognate words. Synonymy enhances the brightness and expressiveness of the depicted persons and events: “The sea stirred, the sea shook”, “Sadness and melancholy found on the queen”, “Wonderful, wonderful, miraculous”, “They began to mourn grief”, “He jokes bad jokes”.

Proverbs, sayings, phraseologisms characteristic of the colloquial everyday language are introduced into the speech of the characters: “I grabbed the tug, don’t say that it’s not hefty”, “Come on, the dog and death”, “Sit down at the table, and where did it come from” .

Of the verbal and visual means, a fairy tale most often resorts to epithets. The traditional epithet some kingdom, some state - emphasizes the uncertainty of the scene. Such constant epithets as a tablecloth-self-assembly, living water, gusli-samogudy denote properties hidden in objects. The epithet can determine the class affiliation or position of the hero in the family. For example: Ivan is a prince, Ivan is a peasant son, Ivan is a cow son, Ivan is the younger son, etc. Epithets can emphasize a high degree of quality of a person or object: Vasilisa the Wise, exorbitant power, dense forest. Evaluative epithets are used: a gloomy thought, a mangy horse, an unclean spirit.

A fairy tale often uses comparisons in a simple or extended form. Thanks to comparisons, the actions of the heroes stand out, the emotional effect intensifies: “The falcon is not clear flying on a herd of geese, swans and gray ducks, Ivan Tsarevich attacks the enemy army”, “They were carried like violent whirlwinds to the wide ocean”, “ As they hit with battle clubs, the thunder rumbled.

I propose the development of one of the reading lessons, where the presentation of new material is interesting, attention is paid to the development of reading skills and differentiated work in the lesson.

Goals:

1. To acquaint with the new section of the textbook "Fairy Tale - Parable". To form the ability to analyze fairy tales.
2. To teach expressive reading of the text, correct, beautiful, oral speech. Develop memory, attention, speech.
3. Raise interest in reading fairy tales, teach a kind attitude towards people.

Equipment:

• Puppet theater (screen + puppets).
• Tape recorder (music cassette “There are many fairy tales in the world”).
• Screen and microphone.
• Books for the exhibition.
• Fairy tale illustrations.

During the classes

I. Org. moment. emotional state of the class.

Today we will learn a lot of new things, visit the puppet theater. I ask you not to be shy, to work actively. Everything will work out for you, let's just listen carefully and work actively.

II. Speech workout. From the clatter of hooves, dust flies across the field.

1. Reading by the teacher.
2. See what sound we need to clearly pronounce[t] [n]
3. Reading on your own.
4. Reading aloud (slowly), "buzzing" reading.
5. Read with surprise, spitefully. How to read a fox, a bear.

• What animal is hidden in the tongue twister? (horse)
• Name in which works the horse is found?
• Have you listed stories or fairy tales for me?

I want to invite you to talk about fairy tales. We begin to get acquainted with fairy tales from a very early age. First, adults read them to us, and then we ourselves begin to read. At the moment of your life, I'm sure each of you knows a lot of fairy tales. Name them? A fairy tale is one of the main genres of folklore, an ethical, mostly prose work of a magical, adventurous or everyday nature with an orientation towards fiction (a large encyclopedia).

Let's remember fairy tales, for this we will arrange a small competition for the best connoisseur of fairy tales. The conditions are as follows: I read quotes from fairy tales, and you guess. I ask by raised hand. We will reward an active student with a medal: “The best connoisseur of fairy tales”.

1. You are covered in ashes, but in mud, where can you go to a feast?

You don't have a dress, you don't have shoes, and you still want to dance.

(Cinderella)

2. It was so hard for the poor girl to part with the clear sun.

(Thumbelina)

3. Two little pigs found their brother at work.

What is it, a house for a piglet or a fortress?

The pig's house is supposed to be a fortress! Naf-Naf said.

(Three pigs)

4. The girl got ready and went to her grandmother in another village. She walks through the forest, and the gray wolf meets her.

(Red Riding Hood)

GOOD FELLOWS! You know the stories well. Rewarding!

III. New material.

Love, warmth, tenderness. What beautiful words, behind which there are wonderful feelings. And how good they make you feel. But there are other words in life, behind which there are completely different feelings. What to do with anger, envy, hatred?

Folk wisdom can tell us the answer to these questions, because from time immemorial, man had to resist malice, greed, self-interest. And he knew that only his own ingenuity and cunning would help him cope with misfortunes.

Next to fairy tales, there have always been others - fairy tales - parables, in which the main characters were savvy and observant people, counting on their own strength and well-being in any difficult situation, overcoming all life's obstacles.

We will get acquainted with one of these fairy tales a little later today. But first, let's look at the board and find out what the word parable means. A parable is a short allegorical and instructive story.

IV. book exhibition

I picked up fairy tales for you, which are not in the textbook. To expand your horizons, you can read them at home, taking them from the children's library. A short note about books.

V. Work with the textbook.

Let's open our textbooks to page 187 "The wise maiden."

Look, is it written in the book, who is the author of this fairy tale? (Not written)

True, this is a Russian folk tale. But there may be fairy tales of other peoples of the world. For example, Lithuanian, Kalmyk, Spanish.

VI. Vocabulary work.

Before reading the text, let's work on words that are difficult for you to understand.

eminent - famous, rich

KUMA - godmother in relation to parents.

KROSNY - loom.

PRIPOL - the hem of the dress (invite the children to comment on some words themselves).

VII. Physical minute

Music "In the world of fairy tales"

VIII. Reading the entire text by well-read children.

IX. Text comprehension session.

What feelings did the text evoke?

What is more good or evil in a fairy tale?

Which of the characters in the story do you like?

Why do you think the story is named that way?

X. Exercise for the development of fluent reading in children. "Photo eye".

Foal

Came up

Brother

Tsar

remembered

Riddles

Cart

XI. Reading the text by children in chains.

Children, today we will work only on a piece of text. Before reading the text, let's turn to the memo (on the table of each student). Let's remember how to read the text.

REMINDER.

1. Put the accent right.
2. Take breaks.
3. Choose the strength of your voice (loud, quiet).
4. Determine the pace (fast, slow).
5. Read emotionally.
6. Show your attitude towards the work with intonation.

XII. Content work.

What caused the dispute between the poor and the rich man?

How did the king judge the brothers?

How would you resolve the dispute?

Who helped the poor man solve the riddles?

And the rich?

Let's talk about the mood that the brothers had?

Describe the poor man?

XIII. Work on expressiveness.

And now I will offer you to practice on the expressiveness of reading, and for this we will be the announcers of the central TV. You have seen how the speakers behave: they sit straight, read the information with a break from the text.

1. Students who wish to sit down at the table (screen, microphone) and read the selected passage with their eyes off the text. Children evaluate who was the best announcer.

2. I suggest reading by roles using puppet theater. Let's divide into readers and actors.

Rich man.

Poor guy.

Tsar.

Daughter.

Everyone came out and bowed. Applause.

IX. differentiated work.

Everyone has a card on their desk, choose any task No. 1 - easy, No. 2 - a little more difficult, No. 3 - even more difficult.

№ 1. From the data words on the card, choose the ones you came across while reading the text. Highlight them.

№ 2. Read the passage and think about what gestures and movements you would choose for expressiveness.

Two brothers rode: one poor, the other eminent; both have horses: the poor mare, the eminent gelding. They stopped for the night nearby. The poor mare brought a foal at night; the foal rolled under the rich man's cart. He wakes up the poor in the morning:

The brother stands up and says:

How can a cart give birth to a foal! This is my mare brought.

No. 3. In Find the odd sentence in the text. Check on the book.

Two brothers rode: one poor, the other eminent; both have horses: the poor mare, and the eminent gelding. Great-grandfather Frost shouted in a thin voice. They stopped for the night nearby. The poor mare brought a foal at night; the foal rolled under the rich man's cart. And the squirrels jumped down to the floor and ran towards the boy. He wakes up the poor in the morning:

Well, sing if you want, but I won't!

Get up, brother, my cart gave birth to a foal at night.

The brother stands up and says:

How can a cart give birth to a foal! Look, woe, is there any money left? This is my mare brought.

X. Work on illustrating the text.

Let's try to become artists, but we will not draw with a brush, but with words. We work collectively in rows, monitor our speech. Proposals to build beautiful and correct. Children discuss collectively. One of the students comes out and describes the picture.

1 row	2 row	3 row
Story Section 3. Topic 4. What will interest us?  How did the fairy tale come about?  In what "fairy tale" did the names of their peasants landowners from "Dead Souls"? What do all fairy tales have in common?  Why in fairy tales they fly across the sky, turn in birds and animals,  How is the fairy tale connected with myths and rituals?  What are the heroes of fairy tales rewarded for? Scientists claim. Which of them is right?  E.M. Meletinsky:  “The origin of a fairy tale from a myth does not cause doubts"  V.Ya.Propp:  “... a fairy tale must be compared with rituals and customs"  V.P. Anikin:  “Through a fairy tale, a thousand-year original history» Fairy tale and myth totem myths Myths about the culture hero Where in the fairy tale:  “Once upon a time there were godfather with godfather - a wolf with a fox».  Man and He speaks bear: “Come on, Misha, sow wheat." “Come on,” Misha says.  “All three fellows succeeded in one face, and it was impossible to recognize which of them was the royal child, who is the cook and who born from a cow»  The eagle got angry, jumped out from behind the table, picked up king and flew away with him even further. Totemic myths and fairy tale  Totem myths - myths about kinship certain human race totems (animals, plants).  Transformation of totem myths into a fairy tale gave rise to the following motives: Marriage with a totem being  “How will I live with frog? Century to live - do not cross the river do not cross the field! I cried, I cried there is nothing to do - married a frog."  "Princess Frog" Animals - helpers  “Sit on me, on gray wolf; I love you I'll take you where necessary." Ivan - the prince sat gray on the back of the wolf, and the wolf ran as fast as arrow…"  "Ivan Tsarevich and the gray wolf" (Aph.168) Animals are like humans  “Lies in the field horse head... The hare came running “Terem-teremok! Who in tereme lives? "Terem flies" (Af.84) transformation  “Here she stood in front of im young young lady ... so beauty was: mature would have looked - no eyes brought together" ("White winch" Zelenin, 85) Why in fairy tales:  “The king sends his eldest son to living water, by sweet youthful apples»  “The storm-hero dispersed,. battle club swung - blew three snake heads»  “Sagittarius-well done sat on his heroic horse and went to distant lands; how long long story short, he's coming to the edge of the world, where the red sun rises from the blue of the sea. Myths about the culture hero  Myths about the introduction of certain cultural goods that are obtained for people at the original custodian hero.  Twin myths - myths where the role the culture hero is performed by the brothers- twins endowed opposite traits. From the myths of the cultural hero came to fairy tales  Mining  “The king sends magic items eldest son of (cultural goods) living water, sweet youthful apples"  “The Tale of the Daring Young Man” Af.174) From the myths of the cultural hero came to fairy tales  Serpent fighting (fight  “How long, how short with monsters) fought with the kite Nikita Kozhemyaka, only knocked down a snake" ("Nikita Kozhemyak")  For the third time he swung again stronger and cut down miracle yudu nine Goals" ("Ivan Bykovich") Fairy tale and rite Prohibitions Initiation. Wedding Transition to another world How did the motives get into the fairy tale:  « cut off by hand on the finger"I'll try you"  “He took an ax and began dissect Maryu beautiful into parts…»  “Grandfather and abandoned the boy into the oven…»  « Gave to study bird language" Initiation  A rite that formalizes the transition and initiation of youths into adults members of a tribe (genus), comprehended like death and rebirth. Rite of Initiation - Source fairy tale motifs  Forest, river - border  Baba Yaga's hut  Gaining knowledge  Hero Trials  Difficult tasks  Big house  Marriage Where do the motives come from in fairy tales:  “After they flew far away lands; flew for a long time"  Before three pairs shoes iron wear out, three staff cast iron spit it out, three prosvira stone you will gnaw away than you will find me" Mythological path to another world  Long distance travel  “Ivan Tsarevich dug earth, see  Meeting with ancestors cast iron board for 12  description of another world castles, castles  Items for immediately ripped off the doors trips opened, entered ground, chained here on 12 chains heroic horse" ("Koschei the Deathless") From what rite are these motifs  “I will ask him different difficult tasks»  “As the seven Semions saw that chase it's close, it's about to catch up! - dived with princess and with the ship.  “Then he ordered him: for the night the field plow and defend, sow wheat, squeeze, thresh and put away in the barn " From what rite are these motifs  “Vasilisa the Wise took torment, kneaded the dough, put the cottage cheese yes dove with dove and made a pie"  “With these words he took out of his pocket another shoe and put it on the table" The wedding ceremony appeared in fairy-tale motifs  Difficult tasks  Find out what you are looking for  Escape and chase  Bride skill test  Working off the groom  Ring  Putting on the shoes of the bride From myth to fairy tale Myth: Story:  Sacrality  Desacralization  Reliability  Fiction  Ethnographic  Conventionality concreteness  Ordinary people  Mythical heroes  Fabulously indefinite  Mythical time  Individual  The fate of mankind  social  Space issues Poetics of magic fairy tales plot construction Typology of heroes Style plot construction  Why the plot becomes the leading category of fairy tale poetics?  What is the most common scheme plot of a fairy tale?  What does each hero do? How are they related to the main  What characterizes space and time? Plot outline  Absence  Prohibition  Violation of the prohibition  trouble  Travel  Test  Combat  Getting good  Return  Wedding (awarding) Typology of heroes  Ivan the Fool (Ivashko) "Sivko-Burko", "Gusli-samogudy", "Ivan- fool"  Ivan Tsarevich "Ivan Tsarevich and Marfa the Tsarevna", "Three Kingdoms", "Koschey the Immortal  Ivan Bykovich (Pea.Medvedko) "Ivan the Cow's Son", "Vasilisa the Golden braid" False hero  Older brothers "Three Kingdoms", "Emelya Fool"  Big sisters "Feather Finist" Heroine  Wonderful Bride "Prince Danila-Spoke", "Three kingdom", "The Sea King and Vasilisa Wise"  Stepdaughter "Frost", "Burenushka", "Magic mirror"  Wise maiden "Careless Word", "Wise Wife"  Princess "Vasilisa Beautiful", "Three Kingdoms" pest, enemy  Serpent Gorynych "The King and his uncle" (124). "Nikita Kozhemyaka"  Koschey the Immortal « Marya Morevna", "Koshchei Immortal". "The Snake Princess"  Baba Yaga "Baba Yaga and Zamoryshek", "Baba Yaga and Zhikhar, Marya Morevna Pest  Princess  Stepmother  Koschei Donor, Helper  animals  Birds  Old man  mother  Baba Yaga  Pupa  Anthropomorphic beings  Forces of nature Sender  King  Father  Mother Narrative Forms  Author's word  It is said and done (message, slander, wish, prohibition)  Dialogue  Artistic formulas (sayings, endings, introductory final, medial) Author's word  Brief descriptions of the environment  Comments on the actions of the heroes « Dropped right into the yard, sister came forward, takes his brother, puts him at the oak table, and on the king and does not want to look, left him in the yard, unleashed the greyhounds and let's poison." ("The Sea King and Vasilisa the Beautiful") No sooner said than done Message  “Well, tsar-sovereign, you fed me two years, as you wish, but feed another year, at least borrow, but feed: not in the loser you will!" The king did it." No sooner said than done slander  “I thought and thought, took it and wrote to my letter to brother: your de daughter is thin deals with affairs, in other people's yards drags around, does not spend the night at home, and I do not listening." ("The Magic Mirror") No sooner said than done Ban  « Look, don't open the chest until you won't come home; red chest unlock it in the back yard and green chest in the front yard "The king took chest ..., could not resist, it hurts to know he wanted to.." No sooner said than done Wish  “The king saw him and said: Great, my friend! .. Get to work now; here your first task: build in one night big crystal bridge to was ready in the morning!” Artistic formulas  Tip  Ending  "Here's the whole story, say more it is forbidden" Artistic formulas Introductory Final  "In some  "Began to live yes kingdom, in live well some make money" state lived- was.." Medial formulas spaces time  "They drove they drove"  « grow by leaps and bounds  "got far away but by the hour" lands in the thirtieth  "Do they live long? kingdom" Is it short?  "at that time-time" Medial formulas Descriptions Sentences  Beauty is not in a fairy tale  « there, I don't know where say with a pen bring it - I don't know describe. what" Animal Tales parable beginning plot construction Animal Tales  Why do totem animals look funny?  What are the activities of the animals and what solve problems?  As manifested in the fairy tale about animals fable beginning? What makes it possible to develop action quickly? Motives:  Animal Encounters  Insidious Council  Deception  Unexpected fright  Songs Social fairy tales comic creation tools Household fairy tales  What is the difference between everyday fairy tales and magic?  Why does a man make a fool of barita, worker ass, and the wife does the opposite?  What causes laughter in these tales? Transitional tales  Among everyday fairy tales there are such. which are built according to the same compositional scheme, which is the magic fairy tale, with the only difference that they do not nothing supernatural, magical. findings Summarize and remember Aesthetics and poetics of a fairy tale  is determined by the setting for fiction and entertainment  through Motives and images connected by myths and rituals  reflects historical realities, everyday details and ideas about what you want What to remember about the plot fairy tales  The plot is the main component of the poetics of a fairy tale  The plot revolves around the main character  The plot consists of the simplest recurring narrative units - motives  Motives can be repeated three times with an increase  Motives can be repeated according to the chain principle (cumulative tales) What you need to remember about the chronotope fairy tales  Time and space conditionally  Time and space are not depicted, but only indicated  Time and space empirical  Time and space are transmitted through formulas What to remember about conflict fairy tales  The conflict develops between the desired and valid  The conflict is resolved by complete victory hero  Broken harmony is restored What to remember about heroes fairy tales  Heroes are presented according to the principle antitheses  Heroes are types, they are functional  Heroes are static  Heroes are revealed in action  Victorious heroes, socially humiliated, innocently persecuted What to remember about storytelling  Presence of beginnings and endings  Use of medial formulas  Brief descriptions (nature, interior, portrait)  Abundance of dialogues  Spoken language  Truthful everyday facts are entered into the text details Fairy tale and literature  A fairy tale can be perceived as a parable or as a metaphor for real human relations  The fairy tale continues to exist in author's literature as a genre model, source of motives and plots, stylizations and reminiscences Must Read  “Sun, Month and Raven Voronovich”, “Morozko”, "Tiny-Havroshechka", Three kingdoms - copper, silver and gold”, “Vasilisa the Beautiful”, "Tereshechka", "Ivan Bykovich", "Koschey Immortal", "Emelya", "Firebird and Vasilisa- Princess", "The Tale of the Daring Young Man", "Magic Ring", "Wonderful Shirt", "Wise Wife", "Golden Mountain", "Cunning Science", "The Enchanted Princess", "Kosoruchka", "Golden Slipper", "Nesmeyana-princess". Read about the fairy tale  Library of Russian folklore. Fairy tales. Book 1.2. M., 1988 Read about the fairy tale  Vladimir Propp.  Proceedings. Russian fairy tale. M., 2000. Read about the fairy tale  V.Ya.PROPP.HISTORIC ESKIE ROOTS MAGIC FAIRY TALES. M., 2000. Read about the fairy tale  E.M.MELETINSKY. POETICS OF MYTH, M., 2000 Collection of texts  FOLK RUSSIAN TALES  A.N.AFANASIEV. (any edition) Fairy tale guides  Comparative index of stories. East Slavic fairy tale. L., 1979.  Andreev N.P. Fairy tale pointer plots according to the Aarne system. L., 1929. Recent section articles: