Herd instinct in humans. The instinct to imitate and auto-sync

Bylinina Alena

1. Introduction

All animals in nature are characterized by a herd lifestyle. The herd is a hierarchical system in which each individual has its own role. Sometimes (usually when applied to predators) this is not called a herd, but a flock, but the essence of the herd does not change from the fact that it was called differently.

In man, too, there is an instinct for herd hierarchy. In fact, the human herd differs from the herd of animals only in terms of what qualities determine the rank of an individual in the herd. Unlike animals, physical strength plays a much smaller role in humans; much more important is the size of the wallet, belonging to one social class or another, and so on. But only external signs of herd rank. The very mechanism of action of the herd instinct in humans practically does not differ from that in animals.

Purpose of the study:

Find out why people like to blend in with the crowd. Is it easy for a person to succumb to the herd instinct. How to get rid of this quality.

1. Consider the theory of this issue.

2. Find out with the help of literature about people who, fearing to stand out from the crowd, committed offenses.

3. Conduct a survey among adolescents on the topic: "Is it easy for you to blend in with the crowd?". Draw conclusions.

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"Your Path to Discovery"

"The herd instinct.

Why do people follow the lead of others.

http://zoonovosti.by/board/post23460.html

Herd instinct and its manifestations. Varieties of desire to be like everyone else. Correction of such a state.

What is herd instinct

P.A. Kropotkin, a scholar and Russian anarchist revolutionary, considered solidarity to be a quality inherent in almost every person.

At the University of Leeds (UK), scientists put forward a theory about 5%. They showed by example that this number of people is quite enough to subjugate 95% of other inhabitants.

In this case, the herd instinct is automatically triggered, and on a subconscious level, a person begins to do what 5% of the demonstrators do. Even if he did not like the performance of any artist, he mechanically begins to applaud him because of the applause of part of the audience.

Types of herd instinct

This phenomenon covers many aspects of human life. Among them, the leading positions are occupied by religion, politics, art, advertising and the sexual life of the inhabitants. It is in these areas that it is easiest to manipulate people's minds.

Religious herd instinct

• sects. Such islands of "spiritual purification" most actively began to operate in the domestic expanses in the early 90s. Taking advantage of the confusion of people after the collapse of the USSR, the pseudo-prophets began to create societies that later were able to cloud the brain even of adequate individuals. At the same time, the herd instinct worked smoothly, because the person wanted to believe in the best and reached for a ghostly dream. Specialists were interested in the fact that the leaders of the sects were excellent psychologists and orators. In their reasoning before the public, they relied on Christian postulates, while destroying human souls and gathering fanatics into a controlled herd. The most dangerous sects are Jehovah's Witnesses, Calvary Chapel and Temple of the Nations.
• Communities-communes. These organizations can be called the highest manifestation of a dangerous association of people on religious grounds. If the community lives at the monastery, where everyone can see its activities, then this is not a problem. However, the manipulators do not stop at such a modest raising of funds for their existence and arrange entire settlements of adherents of the created idol. An example is the Manson Family community, in which the herd instinct made people slaves of someone else's will and cruel killers.

Sexual herd instinct

1. Dogma about procreation. One of the most common stereotypes is that people (especially women) worry about their infertility. If we do not take into account the moral side of the issue, but turn on the logic, then interesting facts emerge. Society is wary of those individuals who cannot reproduce offspring. There is a stereotype that a person must necessarily continue the race and give a new citizen his own set of chromosomes. However, with a strong desire to have a child, people often forget that orphanages exist. Psychologists believe that the reason for such fear is in associating oneself with the animal environment. In any herd, a barren female automatically becomes the lowest link among the animals. For the same reason, society, with the help of the dogmas of the church, condemns such concepts as homosexuality, lesbianism and other types of sexuality that do not ultimately lead to the conception of a child.
2. Social cliché about jealousy. Another stereotype is the opinion that this is a manifestation of love for your sexual partner. Experts say that the voiced feeling has nothing to do with passion and the desire to always be close to a certain person. They consider the fear of losing their rank in the herd hierarchy to be the basis of jealousy.
3. stereotype of monogamy. Some researchers believe that this model of the institution of marriage was created by people who were afraid of competition from males and females of a higher herd rank. According to sexologists, the idea remained a waste of time: representatives of the herd hierarchy can still afford to have a harem. Sexual freedom is unrealistic among people with a herd instinct. Whether it is good or bad, it is up to each person to decide, based on his views on life and morality.

political herd instinct

• Patriotism. Such a social feeling is inherent in people who love their homeland and the population that lives in it. It was this political principle that helped many peoples to repel the attacks of the enemy encroaching on their lands. However, it is quite dangerous when it develops into fanaticism and hypertrophied leavened patriotism.
• Nationalism. This ideology can be civil, ethnic and cultural in nature. The manifestation of the herd instinct can develop into aggression with extreme nationalism, because it begins to resemble extremism.
• Racism. Such a system of views has no place in a civilized society. At one time, the herd instinct played a cruel joke on the planters of the southern states of America, who had black slaves. The policy of racial discrimination can call for both the deprivation of the rights and freedoms of people from another system of the human population, and their complete destruction.
• Religious strife. This intolerance towards representatives of other faiths and its propaganda is punishable by the Law. However, quite often the herd instinct kicks in when the crowd is turned on by an experienced manipulator.

Advertising herd instinct

Quite often, children are the targets of advertising. It is important for them to get a fashionable toy that does not leave the TV screens. Moreover, classmates have it, but you need to be like everyone else and not yield to them in anything. The child will prefer the advertised and rather harmful sweetness, but will not ask his parents to buy a high-quality domestic product.

Some adults are not far from their children and seek to take possession of the branded item. They reason on the principle that if everyone takes it, then this is a profitable and rational acquisition. Such people are magnetically affected by slogans like “do as we do; do it with us."

Politicians also skillfully use the psychology of the herd instinct. Quite often, the advertisement of their party looks like a leader in the foreground, behind which is a whole crowd of his like-minded people. After the communist videos, war veterans feel like an important component of the party, which reminds them of the times of their distant youth.

Herd instinct in art

With a dislike for the theater, a label is immediately attached to a person who cannot understand the beautiful.

People themselves develop a herd instinct, obeying the opinion of the crowd. Any preferences in art are a matter of taste, but the resulting stereotypes are firmly deposited in the minds of the townsfolk.

Ways to deal with the herd instinct

Society does not like "white crows", calls them crazy people. The grief of such personalities is precisely from their mind. With high intelligence, they do not want to blend in with the crowd. As a result, such people remain lonely rebels. It is quite difficult not to cause rejection of society and at the same time be an extraordinary person. However, even mediocrity does not always dream of becoming a small link in a single whole.

Psychologists advise to correct the herd instinct in the following way:

1. Keeping calm in any situation. The energy of the crowd only acts on a person when he is emotionally overexcited. This is especially true for overly impressionable and exalted persons. Calmness is a powerful weapon against manipulators.
2. Turning on the brain at 100%. A highly developed personality will never become a victim of the herd mentality. Pseudo-prophets don't usually associate with such people. The exception is the leaders of Scientology, on the hook of which John Travolta and Tom Cruise fell.
3. Analysis of one's own behavior. It is recommended to deal with your inner "I", highlighting positive, negative character traits and existing desires. Having understood yourself, it is easier to develop a further plan of action. It is possible to allow ambitions to take precedence over prudence for a while, because they are the incentive to destroy one's desire to be like everyone else.
4. Breaking stereotypes. It is not necessary to become a rebel and go against the crowd. However, people should understand that in front of them is a person with a clear life position and personal preferences. It is not necessary against your desire to watch a fashionable film and visit an advertised exhibition just because they caused a public stir.
5. Raising self-esteem. Individuals with a herd instinct are most often not self-confident. They are hurt by criticism from the outside, and they try to stay in the shadow of the leader. You should love yourself and understand your individuality.
6. Doing an interesting job. In the company of extraordinary people there is a reality and to learn something yourself. At the same time, one should not be afraid of the formation of a herd instinct in such a community, because such individuals do not copy each other's actions.
7. Developing a sense of humor and communication skills. It is the voiced qualities that distinguish a person from the gray mass. To do this, it is recommended to read humorous books and watch funny talk shows.
8. Life for yourself and family. It is necessary, first of all, to put your interests above all else, and not someone else's opinion, which is imposed by society. If this does not turn into selfishness, then such a line of behavior will not allow a person to merge with the crowd.

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Birman Alexander Commercial director and co-founder

Birman Alexander, commercial director and co-founder of the company. “Our online store specializes exclusively in professional cosmetics for face, body and hair care. We put the premise that we will sell only certified goods as the basis for the work of the store. And to this day, we adhere to this rule: a strict selection of brands, strict control of the expiration date of each unit and maximum attention to each client.

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• The herd instinct is the mechanism underlying the instinct of self-preservation, applicable equally to both humans and animals.

  The herd instinct shows how people or animals in a group can act collectively, without centralized leadership. As V. Trotter noted in his work "The Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War", it is pointless to look for the causes and derivatives of the herd instinct, since it is primary and cannot be resolved.

Related concepts

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References in literature

Trotter leads the psychic phenomena observed in the masses from herd instinct, which is innate to man in the same way as to other animal species. Biologically, this herding is an analogy and, as it were, a continuation of multicellularity, and in the spirit of the theory of libido, it is a further expression of the tendency of all homogeneous living beings to unite into ever larger units. The separate individual feels incomplete if he is alone. Already the fear of a small child is a manifestation of the herd instinct. Contradiction to the herd is tantamount to separation from it, and therefore contradictions are timidly avoided. But the herd rejects everything new, unusual. Herd instinct - according to Trotter - something primary, further indecomposable.

Related concepts (continued)

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Lookism (discrimination in appearance) is a designation of positive stereotypes, prejudices, choice of behavior in relation to physically attractive people, as well as to those whose appearance meets the cultural and social ideas and norms of a particular society. Warren Farrell coined the term "the celebration of the gene" to describe the adoration and praise of a person's physical beauty.

Model of the human psyche (eng. Theory of Mind (ToM). In the literature, you can find other translations of this term, for example: understanding of someone else's consciousness, theory of intentions, theory of consciousness, theory of mind, etc. (in the films "BBC "meets as a" theory of mind ") - a system of representations of mental phenomena (meta-representations), intensively developing in childhood. To have a model of a mental state means to be able to perceive as one's own experiences (belief ...

Our joy at the illusory resolution, by means of this formula, of the enigma of mass will be brief. Very soon we will be disturbed by the thought that in essence we have accepted the reference to the riddle of hypnosis, in which there is still so much unresolved. And now a new objection opens the way forward for us.

We have the right to say to ourselves that the extensive affective connections that we have noticed in the mass are quite sufficient to explain one of its properties, namely, the lack of independence and initiative in the individual, the homogeneity of his reactions with the reaction of all others, his reduction, so to speak, to the level of the mass individual. But when considering the mass as a whole, it shows us more: traits of weakening intellectual activity, unrestrained passions, inability for moderation and delay, a tendency to go beyond all limits in the expression of feelings and to completely withdraw emotional energy through actions - this and much more, which is so Le Bon vividly expounds, gives an undoubted picture of the regression of mental activity to an earlier stage, which we are accustomed to find in savages or children. Such a regression is especially characteristic of the essence of ordinary masses, while among highly organized, artificial masses such regression can be significantly delayed.

So we get the impression of a state where the separate emotional impulse and the individual intellectual act of the individual are too weak to appear separately, and must necessarily wait for confirmation by a similar repetition on the part of others. Let us recall how many of these phenomena of dependence are included in the normal constitution of human society, how little originality and personal courage are in it, and how much each individual is at the mercy of the attitudes of the mass soul, manifested in racial characteristics, class prejudices, public opinion, etc. Riddle suggestive influence grows if we recognize that this influence comes not only from the leader, but also from each individual to each other individual, and we reproach ourselves that we singled out the attitude towards the leader one-sidedly, undeservedly pushing into the background another factor of mutual suggestion. Thus learning modesty, we will heed another voice that promises us an explanation on simpler grounds. I quote this explanation from W. Trotter's clever book on the herd instinct, and my only regret is that it did not entirely escape the antipathy that resulted from the last great war. Trotter leads the psychic phenomena observed in the masses from the herd instinct, which is innate in man as well as in other animal species. Biologically, this herding is an analogy and, as it were, a continuation of multicellularity, and in the spirit of the theory of libido, a further expression of the tendency of all homogeneous living beings to unite into ever larger units.

The separate individual feels incomplete if he is alone. Already the fear of a small child is a manifestation of the herd instinct. Contradiction to the herd is tantamount to separation from it, and therefore contradictions are timidly avoided. But the herd rejects everything new, unusual. Herd instinct - according to Trotter - something primary, further indecomposable.

Trotter points out a number of primary drives (or instincts) that he considers primary: the instinct for self-affirmation, nutrition, sexual and social mischief. The latter is often in opposition to other instincts. Consciousness of guilt and a sense of duty are characteristic qualities of a gregarious animal. From the herd instinct, according to Trotter, also come the repressive forces discovered by psychoanalysis in the "I", and the resistance that the doctor encounters during psychoanalytic treatment. The meaning of speech was based on the possibility of using it in a herd for the purpose of mutual understanding; on it, to a large extent, the identification of individuals with each other is based.

While Le Bon described mainly characteristic fluid mass formations, and Mac Dougall stable social formations, Trotter concentrated his interest on the most common associations in which a person lives, gave their psychological justification. Trotter does not have to look for the origin of the herd instinct, since he defines it as primary and not amenable to further decomposition. His remark that Boris Sidis derives the herd instinct from suggestibility is fortunately superfluous for the bliss. This explanation follows a well-known unsatisfactory pattern; a rearrangement of this thesis, i.e., that suggestibility is a product of the herd instinct, seems to me much more convincing.

However, Troper, with even more right than others, can be objected that he has little regard for the role of leader among the masses; we are inclined to the opposite judgment, namely, that the essence of the mass without regard to the leader is incomprehensible. For the leader, the herd instinct does not leave any place at all, the leader only accidentally enters the mass, and this is connected with the fact that from this instinct there is no way to the need for God; the flock is missing a shepherd. But Trogger's theory can also be undermined psychologically, that is, one can at least prove probable that the herd instinct is not indecomposable, not exemplary in the sense that the instinct of self-preservation and the sexual instinct are reconciled.

What later manifests itself in society as a corporate spirit, etc., by no means denies its origin from original envy. No one should encroach on the nomination, each should be equal to the other and equally possess property. Social justice means that you deny yourself a lot, so that others would have to deny themselves this, or, what is the same, they could not lay claim to it. This demand for equality is the root of social conscience and sense of duty. Unexpectedly, this requirement is found in syphilitic patients in their fear of infection, which we have been able to understand with the help of psychoanalysis. The fear of these unfortunates corresponds to their violent resistance to the unconscious desire to spread their infection to others, since why should they alone be infected and lose so much, while others not? The same is at the heart of the beautiful parable of the Judgment of Solomon. If one woman's child dies, let the other not have a child. According to this desire, the victim is known. Social feeling is based on the change of initially hostile feelings into a connection of a positive direction, which has the character of identification. Insofar as it was possible to trace this process, this change seems to take place under the influence of a tender connection common to all with a person standing outside the mass. Our analysis of identification does not seem exhaustive to us either, but for our present intention it is enough to return to one feature, the insistence of the equation. In discussing both artificial masses—churches and troops—we have already heard of their premise that all should be equally loved by one person—the leader. But let's not forget that the demand for equality of the masses applies only to the participants in the masses, but not to the leader. All participants in the mass need to be equal among themselves, but they all want power over themselves alone. A multitude of equals who can identify with each other, and a single one who surpasses them all - this is the situation realized in a viable mass. So, Trotter's statement: man is a herd animal, we dare to correct in the sense that he is rather an animal of the horde, an individual led by the leader of the horde.