Gods of egyptian mythology

Thats

Thats  - the ancient Egyptian god of wisdom and knowledge.

Originally revered as a Germopol deity, not belonging to, and as a god of the moon and time, but later he was represented, first of all, as the wisest god who gave people writing and the former scribe of god (in this capacity, he attended the judgment of the dead). In the original belief system, Tot-Moon was considered the left eye (the Sun was considered the right eye of Horus) damaged during the battle with. Later, in the era of the Old Kingdom, He transformed into a self-sufficient god, who was sometimes called the son of Ra. Being the god of the moon (these functions were increasingly taken over by the son), Thoth, through the phases of this celestial body, was associated with any astronomical or astrological observations, which eventually resulted in the transformation of Thoth into the god of wisdom and magic.

In developed ancient egyptian mythology  He was considered the patron saint of education and writing. In addition to writing, he was considered the inventor or founder of most religious and everyday rituals. Therefore, he took care of measurements and various events occurring in the world. He was also worshiped, along with, as the god of time. In the pantheon of the gods, he occupied the place of honor of the scribe, secretary and vizier of the supreme god Ra, and along with the goddess of justice and order Maat, during the heavenly journey, Ra stood right behind him.

In addition, he was credited with the invention of the year, consisting of 365, not 360 days. According to Plutarch, he won 5 extra days, which were 1/72 years, in a game of dice, and, adding them at the end of the year, dedicated them to the festivities in honor of Horor, and (Nephthys), the gods who were born in these 5 extra days (A later version of the myth tells that the goddess Nut was forbidden to give birth in 360 calendar days, so her children were born during the 5 days won by Toth).

The sacred animals of Thoth were the ibis bird and the monkey (baboon). He was most often depicted in the form of a man with an ibis head and a cane for writing in his hand, although sometimes there are images of Thoth in the image of a baboon, since this monkey was considered a very reasonable creation. It was believed that Thoth’s assistant was a baboon named Astennu (or Easten), one of four baboons watching the Osiris court in the afterlife (Duat) and sometimes considered the embodiment of Thoth himself. The goddess of writing was usually considered the daughter of Thoth, although sometimes she acted as his wife.

The main center of worship for Toth was Shmun, or Eshmunen (Hermopolis the Great). During the Third Transition, when Hermopolis began to play an important role in Egyptian politics, the cult of Thoth became more and more popular.

During the Second Transition period, one of the pharaohs of the Sixteenth dynasty bore the name of Djehuty, that is, He. The name of Thoth was also included in the names of the four powerful pharaohs of the Eighteenth Dynasty, including Thutmosis III (Jehutimes III).

In a strange way follows the consciousness of man. Sometimes similar in different cultures, sometimes unique and very original. Who would explain why and whence the idea arose that long-billed ibises can be associated with counting and wisdom? And not those ibis, which are now called “sacred” (Threskiornis aethiopicus), but those that are “forest” (Geronticus eremita). Well they gologolovye and seemingly vultures vultures! On the other hand, can this hypothetical participation in death and turned out to be the stone that formed the basis of their worship? In addition to this, we recall that in ancient Egypt, the ibises flew annually to the flood of the Nile, which made it possible to regard them as heralds of the revival of nature. And their long beaks curves do not allegorically remind almost crescents ...

  It was the ibis who gave his head to the god Thoth, who in Egypt was considered the patron saint of counting, writing, knowledge, wisdom - in general, almost any intellectual activity. The goddess Maat * was considered his wife, and Thoth himself was "considered the heart of the god Ra." In fact, there is a magnificent analogy: there is knowledge in the heart of power that is engaged to truth! The ideal of government.

Actually the Egyptian name of this deity was Dzhekhuti, which meant, most likely, "possessing something of an ibis." And the word “That” is a later version, Greek-Coptic. The cult of this deity is one of the oldest, which, according to scientists, its epithets as "the lord of the Bedouins", "the lord of foreign camps" testify. His birthplace was the city of Shmun (Hemenu or, in Greek, Hermopolis, since the Greeks associated Thoth with Hermes); The sacred animals, besides the ibis, were a frog, a hare, a snake, and a baboon. But over time, only the baboon and ibis remained among the favorites.

In the pre-dynastic era, Thoth was worshiped as the deity of the moon. By the Early Dynastic period, he acquired the functions of the deity of writing. In the Pyramid Texts, he is associated with the afterlife cult - in the form of an ibis, he takes the dead to the Duat, the Egyptian space of the dead. By the end of the Old Kingdom, after the rise of the cult of Ra *, Thoth was included in the circle of ideas connected with the worship of the Sun. In the period of the Middle Kingdom, He becomes a judge of the dead, acquires the function of the deity of time and medicine. In The Sarcophagus Texts, he is mentioned as the protector of the dead in the Duat; in this role enters into the "Book of the Dead." In the New Kingdom also becomes the deity of magic and sorcery. In the Hellenistic period, after the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great, Thoth was identified with Hermes. And the popularity of such a tandem surpassed all expectations, the stories about them spread throughout the Ocucumene.
  With the advent of the game worlds, He, like many seemingly forgotten gods, began to make an "alternative career." And although his image has not yet become as popular as, for example, the image of the felin-headed Bastet, in some universes he continues to perform his divine functions, for example, in the setting “Forgotten Kingdoms”. But in the setting of the Gray Hawk, in addition to Thoth himself, as they say, his ibisogolovye humanoids took place.

Thats  - God of wisdom, knowledge, patron of scribes, archives and libraries. He taught the Egyptians the letter and the bill, created a calendar. He was depicted with a palette of a scribe in his hand and with the head of a sacred ibis bird. The ibises flew to Egypt in the spring, during the flood of the Nile, so Toth is associated with the spring awakening of nature. In one of the myths, he returns home the goddess of the life-giving moisture Tefnut, who left Egypt, after which spring comes. (Plot see. Tefnut.) Sometimes the One appears in the form of his sacred animal - a baboon.

The Egyptian god Thoth, at the very beginning of his veneration, was the left eye of the god Horus, which was damaged in the battle with the Egyptian deity Seth. During the period of the Old Kingdom, this god acquires the features of an independent god, some even called the son of the sun god Ra.

In mythology, the god of wisdom, Thoth, was considered the patron of letter and education. Except as the inventor of writing, the deity Toth was the founder of a large number of religious ceremonies. Simultaneously with the god Heh, he was listed as the deity of time. Thoth's place in the pantheon of the gods of ancient Egypt is the scribe, vizier Ra, court secretary.

Places honoring Toth

The most important place for the worship of the ancient Egyptian god Thoth - Shmun, or, on the other - Eshmunen. The cult of Thoth becomes popular after Hermopolis began to play the most important role in the politics of Egypt.

That or Dzhekhuti, in Egyptian mythology, the god of the moon, wisdom, accounts and letters, the patron of sciences, scribes, holy books, the creator of the calendar. The wife of Thoth was considered the goddess of truth and order Maat. The sacred animals of Toth were an ibis and a baboon, and therefore God was often depicted as a man with an ibis head, sometimes with papyrus and a writing instrument in his hands. The arrival of the ibis-Thoth was associated by the Egyptians with seasonal floods of the Nile. When He returned to Egypt Tefnut (or Hathor, as they say in one of the myths), nature blossomed.

The one identified with the moon was considered the heart of the god Ra and was depicted behind the Pa-sun, as he was known as his nightly substitute. Thoth was credited with creating the entire intellectual life of Egypt. "Lord of time", he divided it into years, months, days and led them through.

The wise One wrote down the birthdays and deaths of people, kept records, and also created writing and taught the Egyptians about counting, writing, mathematics, medicine, and other sciences.

It is known that his daughter or sister (wife) was the goddess of the letter Seshat; Tot's attribute is the scribe's palette. Under his patronage were all the archives and the famous library of Hermopolis, the center of the cult of Thoth. God "ruled all languages," and was himself considered the language of the god Ptah. As a vizier and scribe of the gods, Toth attended the trial of Osiris and recorded the results of weighing the soul of the deceased.

Since he participated in the justification of Osiris and ordered his embalming, he took part in the funeral ritual of every late Egyptian and led him into the realm of the dead. On this basis, Toth is identified with the Greek messenger of the gods, Hermes, who was considered a psychopomp ("leading soul"). He was often depicted along with the baboon, one of his sacred animals. The Greeks identified the god Toth with Hermes.

God the Creator The one whose cult originated in the Hermopolis gradually acquired new important functions: he became the god of the moon, as well as the patron of writing, education and science, counting and measures. All the knowledge possessed by man came from Thoth.

The main virtue of Thoth is his intellect, therefore his greatest virtue is that he is always wise and knowledgeable. No wonder the gods appointed him their secretary and messenger. The ancient origin of Thoth is indicated by the legend according to which he was born from the skull of Set. However, oddly enough, He did not adopt any of the shortcomings of this formidable god. He does not plot wiles from selfish considerations, but on the contrary, he constantly works in order to keep the world the way Ra wants it to be. He also travels on a boat with Ra, and this is the only thing that brings him closer to Seth. As the god of the moon, he was considered the night gleam of Ra, his "herald in the heavens." In Hermopolis, Thoth became also a demiurge who created the world by the power of reason alone. And the Egyptians believed that the order in the Universe is so perfect, because He is a wise god who "counts all things."

His images

He is known primarily in two guises. From the era of the Old Kingdom, he was depicted as an ibis, an amazing white or red bird with a long, slightly curved beak, familiar to the inhabitants of the banks of the Nile and the Delta. Images of Toth in the form of a baboon belong to a later period. Anthropomorphic images of the god with the head of an ibis are quite common, but to see Thoth with the head of a baboon in Egyptian art is much less common.

Myths about Thoth

Texts telling about Tote connect him with wisdom, knowledge and, in a broader sense, with the structure of the heavenly and earthly world. It is not surprising that the inhabitants of ancient Egypt, and especially its eminent rulers, sought to imitate the mind and practical skills of Thoth. Therefore, Tot can rightly be called a model god for mortals!

He created the world with one word. So germopolskaya cosmogony describes the beginning of the world. But in the created world it was necessary to restore order! Thot's heart is full of reason. It is to this god that mortals owe their status quo. In the difficult task of ordering the universe, Totu helped Sia, personified knowledge.

For such a complex enterprise, He invented a language. With the help of the word that was created rational, the world was created by the will of God. The most complicated celestial mechanics began to operate. Wise by knowledge, He perfected every link in the system. No wonder it is called "those who enumerate all things"!

It remained to record the act of creation and the structure of the world, so that nothing was ever lost. And he invented writing. He is "the one who wrote first." As the keeper of the greatest knowledge, he became a scribe mentor.

But what can a world without justice turn into? Maat, the only true justice living among gods and in the hearts of people, was a necessary addition to this world. Therefore, He "wrote Maat."

In all - knowledge, organization, justice - He was a real role model, on which all people were guided, starting with Pharaoh himself and his assistants.

Duties of Thoth

He held a place of honor among the other gods. He not only participated in the divine court - he was his secretary, carefully recording all the decisions. In addition, he was appointed keeper of the seals of the court. Finally, Toth often interfered in the strife between the gods. The role he played in resolving the dispute between two sworn enemies, Seth and Gore, earned him deep respect. He is a talented arbiter, "the one who managed to dissolve the two combatants," and this is a feat admirable, if you remember what hatred Seth had for his nephew Gore.

But He sat in another court: the one that determined the virtue of the hearts of the dead - the Last Judgment! It was He who recorded the results of psycho-stasis (soul weighing), committed in the presence of Maat. As soon as the little goddess of truth proclaimed his decision, and He put it in his writing plates, the ibis god, together with Anubis, endowed the deceased with a new breath ... Of course, if the latter was considered worthy of life in the realm of Osiris! In this function, Toth was called the author of the sacred “Book of Breath”, excerpts from which the priests read out during funeral ceremonies.

One divine vizier

Anyone who is at least familiar with the mythology and history of ancient Egypt has probably already noticed the similarity between the order that existed in the world of people and the order in the world of gods! Of course, one served as a model for the other. The only question is which one ...

Unless Pharaoh could not keep track of the huge country alone, so Pharaoh helped his faithful servant, the Vizier, in everything, Pharaoh could not keep track of the huge country alone. And the tasks of the latter can be fairly fairly compared with the functions of Thoth. Just as the Vizier was the right hand of Pharaoh, He was the right hand of Ra. Pharaoh and the Vizier, like Thoth and Ra, shared power over the state, and the essence of this division was that the ruler (both on earth and in heaven) intervened only in the event of a serious crisis. And He, like the Vizier, decided all the daily affairs and efforts associated with the management of the world. He was a loyal and wise adviser to the king, and always could offer his master any ideas and suggest possible solutions to problems.

In addition, he was instructed to personally monitor the execution of all decisions of the divine court, as well as to ensure that each member of the pantheon was informed about them. In short, he was an indispensable assistant to the supreme god. I must say that Ra very quickly realized this and appreciated his merits. As a result, the One at night became the same as Ra was during the day: the light!

Books - Toth's Gift

Ancient Egyptians considered Toth, the inventor of writing, the author of most of the writings. From their point of view, such an abundance of knowledge could only be divine. In addition, many believed that all these books — both papyrus scrolls and texts carved on the walls of temples — were bestowed on humanity by Thoth himself, who deliberately left them on the floor of several shrines. It happened many, many years ago ...

That - "night Ra"

And indeed, by the will of Ra, He became the god of the moon. The reason for this lies in the events that occurred at the dawn of time. The great, but already aged, demiurge Ra was tired of the endless human strife and decided to retire. He climbed high into the sky, illuminating it only during the day, and at night, going down into the underworld.

So the earth lost the light for half the time, and for the first time the night appeared. Ra, realizing the problem, turned to Tot: “You will take my place, you will become my deputy. They will call you That Ra Place. You will surround both skies with your beauty and light. ” And the moon filled the night with the light that deigned to give her sunny Ra. In addition, the One who marked the days and nights, very early became considered the inventor of the calendar. But in this case, he made fun of people, for which they sometimes reproached him.

Joking calendar

He seemed to be less successful in creating the calendar than in his other endeavors. Being a moon god, he "counted years" and "divided years and months." Once, in a party in senet, he won five epagomenal days, which he immediately placed at the very end of the year, thanks to which the goddess Nuth was finally able to give birth to her children. But all the complicated calculations and the sophisticated tricks of Toth soon led to the appearance of significant discrepancies in the calendar, which caused a lot of trouble to the unfortunate mortals.

The game of senet, which came into vogue in the New Kingdom, resembled both checkers and backgammon. The game was played out on a board with thirty cells, on which the checkers were moved, throwing dice in turn.

Wise bore!

No doubt He was a very wise god. But his intellectual superiority soon became annoying all the gods of the pantheon. With his solemn speeches and pompous style, He terribly bored the listeners. And although the gods greatly respected the assistant Ra for his extensive knowledge, sometimes they could not refrain from commenting. So, once Isis was concerned about the health of her son, Horus. She turned to Tot for advice, and instead of answering directly, he set off into endless abstract reasoning. Frustrated, Ishida interrupted him: “The one that your heart is wise to, but your decisions are so slow!”

Imperfect calendar

To determine the beginning of the year, the Egyptians checked against the main event in their lives: the spill of the Nile, which began every year at about the same time — around July 20. Almost simultaneously with the rise of water in the sky, the star Sotis ascended in the early morning (which for weeks remained beyond the horizon), and this easily defining day became the beginning of the year, the duration of which was three hundred and sixty-five days. But the Egyptians did not take into account that the Earth makes a revolution around the Sun in 365.24 days. Pretty quickly, the discrepancy between the official and natural year became very large, and every four years it increased by one day, so that in one hundred and twenty years it reached one month! And only after a thousand and four hundred and fifty-six years of waiting, the actual year would again coincide with the numbering year! The problem was solved by the Romans, who invented a leap year.

Gore and eye uadzhet

This is what happens when mathematicians intervene in myths! After Seth killed his brother Osiris, young Horus rebelled against him to avenge his father. But Seth immediately pulled out his eyes, which was divided into six parts. God He, the patron saint of healers, came to the aid of Horus and healed the damaged eye, but how! He just spat on him! The image of the six parts of the eye of Horus (oka uadzhet), the ancient Egyptians traditionally used to write six fractions from 1/2 to 1/64.

Sibling Toth

Thoth, like any demiurge, had no parents, as claimed by the Hermopolitan cosmogony. However, in other places it was thought that Seth had brought him to light. And it was an amazing event! He was born in the midst of the confrontation of Set and Gore. Seth really liked salad. Aware of his weakness, Gore mixed his seed into Set's favorite food, and the latter swallowed it up in an instant. He was born of this homosexual fertilization, coming out of Set's forehead.

The wife of Thoth was sometimes considered the goddess Nekhmetaui, and the son was the young Hornefer (often mentioned in the Late period). However, first of all, Thoth was the “head of the eight” (Khnumu) - four pairs of primordial deities, embodying disordered matter before the act of creation (primordial ocean, non-being, emptiness, etc.). Finally, in the New Kingdom, He was considered the son of Ra and the goddess Neith.

Cult of Thoth

The cult of the god Thoth manifested itself in a variety of actions, both everyday and exceptional. They organized the lives of all Egyptians, from the poorest to the most affluent.

Holidays and temples, the foundation of buildings, necropolis of sacred animals, various amulets, measures that even the most modest artisans constantly used - all this was part of the cult of the god Thoth, the patron saint of scribes.

The omnipresent one and his homage

He was a god for whom the Egyptians erected personal, only to him dedicated shrines. Such temples were located, of course, in Hermopolis the Great (in Upper Egypt) and Hermopolis Maly (in Lower Egypt), as well as in Heliopolis, Memphis and even Thebes - the city of Amon. His cult gradually spread far beyond the borders of the country, to the territory of modern Sudan, and was especially strong in Nubia. Where there were no temples dedicated to Thoth, he was present in other shrines as an "invited god." With the onset of the month of Toth (July-August) of the god of Tropes, all of Egypt was honored. These celebrations ended on the nineteenth day of the same month with a great feast. Tables were filled with meat, figs and honey.

Oracles on behalf of Toth

The cult of this god was also manifested in more private, but no less spectacular rites of predictions. The words of God, coming from the mouth of man, had a strong effect on people. One of the most remarkable was the oracle of Qasr el-Agus. In this small temple, Thoth was called "the one who hears." But above all, he was “to those who know, who foretells tomorrow, who sees the future without making mistakes.” When the oracle speaks, Thoth speaks through him. The rite, widespread in ancient Egypt, was invariably impressed by the common people!

Eye Wadget

Among the many amulets common in ancient Egypt, there was a "healthy eye", the eye of Horus, which Seth snatched from his nephew in battle and cut into six parts. The physician He took up such a difficult case and successfully restored the sight of Horus. Since then, in memory of this event, the image of each of the six parts of the eye of Horus has traditionally been used to record fractions — measures of grain. The Eye Wadget also symbolized the flawless sun disc.

Necropolis of sacred animals

He spoke through the oracle of his oracle, but the Egyptians constantly met him in everyday life: ibis (ancient Egyptian Cheby), a bird, which at that time was abundantly found on the banks of the Nile, was considered the embodiment of God. And therefore this unknowing creation honored, like a man, a magnificent funeral. Embalmed and mummified ibises could occupy entire necropolis: at one of the most famous, located in the north of Saqqara, archaeologists found thousands of mummies of these birds! The baboons, though less numerous, were treated with no less attention. This once again proves the power of the everyday cult of Thoth.

Adoration of doctors and surveyors

Thoth, who managed to heal the eye of the god Gore, torn out by Set, was deeply revered by healers (both the most modest — blue and the most well-off — wabu), as well as priests who were healers at temples. God helped the physicians, as well as the scribes, who were obliged to Totu to write and to use his patronage.

The creation of algebraic fractions, in turn, earned Thoth the respect of representatives of all professions and crafts, who were somehow connected with various dimensions, including mathematicians and land surveyors. It must be said that in ancient Egypt a lot was measured and measured: grain, land, and so on. He, like the god (and creator) of all measures, was invariably present in the daily life of most Egyptians. Together with the goddess Seshat Toth was the most suitable candidate in order to follow the rites of the foundation of temples that Pharaoh built.

Pharaoh's archivist

By virtue of his outstanding mental abilities, Thoth was very close to Pharaoh. This god even sometimes replaced Set in the ritual of sematui, a holiday in memory of the unification of the two lands of Upper and Lower Egypt.

He participated in the coronation ceremony of the ruler. Moreover, this god was his archivist: the Egyptians believed that he himself wrote down the throne name of Pharaoh, who was declared the scribe from the House of Life, on the leaves of the sacred tree of Ised. And He said: "I made your right to the throne last for millions of years and hundreds of millions of anniversaries." On this occasion, birds were released to all four corners of the world, among which was, of course, ibis, the sacred bird of Thoth. So wouldn't it be right to call this god the first chronicler in history?

Record of the name of Pharaoh

The recording of the throne name of Pharaoh on the sacred tree Ishad was the main part of the coronation ceremony. One of the most remarkable surviving images of this Moment, which has come down to us, comes from the hypostyle hall of the temple of Amon, located in Karnak. It is dedicated to Seti I, Pharaoh from the XIX Dynasty (1306-1290 BC). The scene takes place in the courtyard of the temple of the sun in Heliopolis. Pharaoh, crowned with hapresham, holds the rod of the hake, which the priests handed him. He stands, kneeling, under a tree of ised. Behind him, Thoth, with the body of a man and the head of an ibis, writes down the name of a new ruler on one of the leaves of a tree with a long pointed kalam.

) originated in the city of Hermopol (in ancient Egyptian - Hmun). The ancient Egyptians pronounced the name of this deity, most likely, as “Djehuty” or “Teghout”. “That” is its greekized form. Mentions of Thoth are already in the very ancient "Pyramid Texts", so it is possible that his cult was older than the worship of the other eight main gods of Hermopolis - Ogdoad. Because of the scarcity of sources, it is impossible to understand why and how He became the supreme god in Hermopolis and what was his connection with Ogdoad.

The religious functions of Toth are quite diverse. In the first place stands honoring him as the god of wisdom and knowledge. However, due to his popularity later, he often acted as a demiurge (creator of the universe) and the winner of the forces of darkness. Already in The Pyramid Texts, Thoth is mentioned as the god of the moon. The ancient Egyptian Book of the Cow tells how Ra, the god, ordered Thoth to be his deputy, a vizier in the sky, for the moon is an assistant to the sun in illuminating the earth. It is possible that Toth was originally considered to be the moon god, and only then the idea of ​​time (moon phases), counting, “night” magic, secret teachings, knowledge of writing and all sciences began to be associated with him. He was considered the patron saint of professional scribes. A number of prayers addressed by the scribes to this god have been preserved.

He is a god with an ibis head

On the vignettes of the 125th chapter Books of the Dead”The wise One appears as the scribe of the great judgment of the gods in the afterlife, he participates in delivering the final verdict to the soul of the deceased, whose heart is weighed on precise scales. Hence, Thoth is “the lord of Truth,” a judge in the world of gods and the patron of judges. In the mythological tale of the "Mishap of Choir and Set", He is the scribe of the divine Nine - ennead. At the time of the New Kingdom, he was considered the creator of various languages, "distinguishing the language of [one] country from [language] of another."

Thoth's sacred animal was an ibis, and in later times a baboon. He was depicted with the head of an ibis.

In the mythological history of Egypt, legends about the time of the pharaohs, the gods, it is sometimes told that He ruled the Nile country after the god Horus and before the goddess Maat, for 7726 years. However, in most famous myths and legends, He does not act as a pharaoh. Much more willingly in this god-wise man they saw not the king, but his adviser and the vizier.

God He was a highly revered figure of the Egyptian pantheon. According to the characteristics of B. Turaev, among the Egyptians he was “the ideal of the highest wisdom and truth, the personification of the best sides of human nature, the embodiment of the idea of ​​revelation” and the mind. The cult of Thoth was widespread in the country. In addition to the Great Hermopolis (Hermopolis magna) and the Small Hermopolis (Hermopolis parva), the cult of Thoth existed in Thebes, Abydos, Herculeopolis, Fayume, Tanis, Bubast, Edfu, Dendera, Memphis, Sinai, Nubia, etc.

The image of the god Thoth in the form of a baboon. OK. 1400 B.C. British Museum

As the consort of Thoth, the goddess of the letter Seshat most often appears, then the goddess of truth, Maat, and finally Nehemauit. In Ramessid times in Sais, the mother of Thoth was considered the goddess Nate. In Ptolemaic times, the goddess Rait-Taui was named his mother in Germont.

The moon was associated by the ancient Egyptians not only with Thoth, but also with other gods - primarily with a member of the Theban triad god. Khonsu. Later texts often speak of the deity Khonsu-Toth. There were also the moon gods Doah and Yah. The name of the latter means the moon.

Among the pharaohs glorified XVIII dynasty  there were four Thutmose (including the famous). This "teophoric" name in translation means: "He begat him." The ancestor of this dynasty was called Ahmose (“Yah begat him”).

The ancient Greeks He most strongly resembled their god