Where is the solid sign. Setting the sound "C" for children

If you are the owner of an iPhone, you often type SMS and even now you don’t know where a hard character can be on the keyboard, then today’s material was created especially for you.

As soon as I got an iPhone, I realized one fairly simple thing, apple devices are doing everything possible to make them easier to use.

People have probably been sitting for years and developing all the little things of typing on the device and all for your sake, so that you can reply to your relatives and friends as quickly as possible.

Solid sign (b) on iPhone

In order not to torment you for a long time, I want to immediately explain exactly where it is located. First, we go, for example, in SMS, so that you can use the keyboard.

Now we pinch with our finger on a soft sign and literally immediately an additional window will pop up where you can see the letter “Ъ”.

Just hover over it and the sign will immediately appear in your message line. As for me, everything is logical and simple, although when I first turned on my device, I did not know this and my friends told me.

Results

Many complain and ask why there is no solid sign on the iPhone, but as you can see, just go to Google and ask the right question.

The iPhone contains a lot of secrets that make it easier to use, such as speeding up typing and other things. We will discuss other features in future articles.

Now you also have the opportunity to share with your friends information about the location of the hard mark on your favorite iPhone.

Speech plays an important role in every person's life. Inconvenience and difficulty in communication can be caused by various speech defects. Therefore, it is so important to notice the wrong pronunciation in your child in a timely manner and begin to act. Setting the sound "C" is not particularly difficult. With the right exercises and regular exercise, you can quickly achieve success. How to do it?

Setting sounds in speech therapy is a special process, which is the development of the skill of pronunciation of a particular letter. It is important for a child to learn how to reproduce sound in any form, depending on the word, the combination of letters in it.

Often, speech therapists are faced with a speech disorder precisely when playing whistling sounds in children. There are two types of such defects:

1. sigmatism;
2. parasigmatism.

In the first case, the baby distorts the pronunciation of the correct sound “C” or “Sh”, and in the second, he generally changes them to other sounds.

Therefore, it is so important to notice a speech disorder in a child in time and begin to instill the skill of correctly reproducing letters. Such pathologies can also negatively affect the nervous system of children, lead to the following diseases:

• Dysgraphia. It represents various violations of written speech, when the child involuntarily changes letters while writing in places, replaces them with other letters, and so on.
• Dyslexia. This pathology does not allow the child to read normally, making it difficult to link letters into a single text.
• Dyslalia. With this disease, children have serious defects in the pronunciation of certain sounds.

Thus, there is no doubt that the production of sounds is important and obligatory. Parents should be patient and choose effective methods for developing speech for their kids, breaking it down into certain stages, from simple to complex.

Preparatory activities

The production of whistling sounds first of all begins with the training of the child's breathing. He must be able to release an air jet with force. To do this, you can ask him to take air into his mouth and blow hard through the tube from his lips. You can use cotton wool or something else light, put it on a flat surface and blow it off to some distance. Or you can come up with a competition to see who can blow off the ball of cotton next. So the child will be more interesting to complete the task.

It is also good to carry out various exercises that develop the respiratory process. You can perform the following tasks:

• "Harmonic". Stand up straight, put your hands on your stomach with your palms, inhale deeply through the nasal cavity and hold your breath for a couple of seconds. Then exhale through your mouth. This exercise will help you exhale with intensification, learn how to correctly direct the stream of air.
• "Breeze". Pull out the lips with a tube, take in air and blow hard through it. In this case, it is necessary to put a palm in front of the mouth, which should feel a sharp cool stream of air.
• "Storm". Take any vial with a narrow neck. Bring to the lower lip and blow. The characteristic noise will indicate the correct direction of the air jet.

After performing breathing exercises, you will need articulation of sound. It helps a person to train the muscle tissues of the speech apparatus, to develop the skills of the correct arrangement of organs during the pronunciation of a particular sound.

To produce a hard “C” or a soft sound “Sh”, you can use the following tasks:

• "Naughty language". You need to smile, open your mouth a little. Position the tongue on the lower lip and slap it with your lips, pronouncing the syllable "pi" several times. Do this for one breath, and then fix the tongue in a passive state on the lip for a few seconds.
  At the same time, you can easily exhale the air. It is necessary to ensure that the lower lip is not tucked in and not stretched over the jaw from below. Also, the sides of the speech organ should touch the corners of the oral cavity.
• "Crap". You need to open your mouth, smile. On the lower lip, place the front of the tongue and fix it in this state for a few seconds. In this case, you can not strain your lips, stretch them widely, tuck or pull on the lower jaw. Also, do not stick out your tongue too much, it should cover only the lip, and its sides should touch the corners of the mouth.
• "Mountain". You need to open your mouth and smile. Then, with the wide tip of the speech organ, rest against the tubercles that are behind the lower jaw. Next, you should raise the middle part of the tongue until it touches the upper incisors, and then lower it. When performing the exercise, you need to look so that the tip of the tongue does not come off the tubercles, and all other organs of the speech apparatus remain motionless.

First you need to conduct simple classes, then gradually add tasks more difficult. The main thing is to do this regularly and with the desire to succeed in staging whistling sounds. You can find more detailed information about articulation exercises in our article -.

In order for the pronunciation of the sound “C” to be correct, it is necessary to control the position of the organs of the speech apparatus, as well as the breathing process during the reproduction of the letter.

After preparing the organs, you can go directly to the exercises.

Setting sound through imitation

Imitation is the easiest and preferred way of producing sound. Children like to repeat after adults, animals, so using this exercise to set the sound “C” will interest them.

To do this, you need to sit down with the baby in front of the mirror and show him the correct position and movement of the speech organs while pronouncing the solid sound “C” and softening it. Then ask him to repeat the same. You can also ask the child to show how the wind blows, how the pump pumps up the wheel, and so on.

How to put sound mechanically?

Techniques for setting sounds include a mechanical method. To do this, you need to do the following:

1. Smile broadly, place a wide tongue between your teeth. In this case, its tip should be only on the lower jaw. It is necessary to control that the baby does not press the organ with his upper teeth.
2. Then ask the baby to blow on the tip of the tongue so that it feels cool. You can bring your hand to the mouth and feel the exhaled air stream.
3. While the baby is blowing on the tip of the tongue, it is necessary to put a toothpick on its midline, pressing a little on it. Thus, a “groove” is formed, along which a stream of air will then go. Insert a toothpick about 2 cm.
4. Ask the child to blow. During this, an indistinct hissing whistle will be heard. Then you need to close the jaws so that only a toothpick is placed between them, and the tongue remains inside. You also need to continue to blow on the tip of the tongue, the jet should be interdental. When the jaws close, a whistle is formed that cannot be interrupted.
5. While the baby is whistling, you need to press the tongue with a toothpick with different force, move it back and forth. This will allow you to determine at what position the sound "C" sounds right.
6. Once this position is established, you can further train pronunciation. At the time when the child correctly says the letter "C", you need to slowly pull the toothpick out of the baby's mouth.
7. For a certain period of time, it will continue to correctly reproduce whistling sounds without this device, but then it may go astray again. Therefore, it is necessary to train in this way until the child himself can correctly set the desired position of the speech organs.
8. You can consolidate the result of this exercise using the pronunciation of syllables and words. If it is more difficult for a child to reproduce a sound as part of a word, then the mechanical method can again be used.

Staging from other sounds

You can put the correct pronunciation of the sound "C" from other sounds. Among them, such letters as "Sh" and "C" are used. When setting the pronunciation from "Sh", you must perform the following steps.

• Ask the baby to start pulling the sound “Sh”, and at the same time, slowly move the tongue forward. The speech organ itself cannot be torn off from the palate, the upper and lower incisors should be parallel to each other.
• The occurrence of intermittent pronunciation indicates that the child has torn off the tongue from the palate, which cannot be done. Then it is necessary that he opens his mouth and continues the initial sound production session.
• With the incisors open, a soft “Sh” sound will be heard first, then a fuzzy whistling sound, and then the correct pronunciation of the “S” sound. Then you should be asked to close your mouth and try to pronounce a sound with closed incisors.
• Let the baby try to find the position of the tongue in which the sound “C” is the most correct. As soon as the pronunciation is correct, you need to fix it. To make it more interesting for the child, we can say that a mosquito squeaks like this, and the baby will imitate him.

You can also put a whistling sound using the letter "C". True, this option is used much less often, but it does not hurt to know it.

• The baby needs to pronounce the sound “C” for a long time and drawl. In this case, the sound "C" will be clearly audible. The most important thing is for the baby to hear and be able to take into account this letter.
• In case of difficulties with the pronunciation of an isolated "S", you can first practice using the letter combination "CS".
• The result is also important to consolidate. This requires regular repetition of syllables, words, tongue twisters.

What methods exist for sigmatism?

Children who suffer from sigmatism and parasigmatism can also be taught correct pronunciation. To do this, it is necessary to select speech therapy exercises for sound that are suitable in a particular case.

Interdental sigmatism

Setting the sound with such a violation is to demonstrate to the baby how the organs of speech are correctly located during the pronunciation of the sound "C". If a child fails to imitate an adult, then they perform a staging with mechanical assistance.

Lateral sigmatism

In this case, it will be necessary to prepare the organs of speech in order to activate the activity of the muscle tissues of the sides of the tongue. As a result, the baby should be able to raise the sides until they are in full contact with the side teeth.

Then you can resort to an exercise in which you need to blow on the front of the speech organ, then on its tip, and then, hiding the tongue behind the jaw.

Nasal sigmatism

Such children need to perform the following exercise. It is necessary to reproduce the letter “F” for a long and drawn out time. Insert the wide tip of the tongue between the lower lip and upper incisors and blow on it, pronouncing the sound “Ф” and slowly removing the organ by the lower incisors.

Dental parasigmatism

Sound production in this speech disorder is performed only by demonstrating the correct location of the organs. Also, the emphasis is on tactile sensations. The child brings his hand to his mouth, if the air flow is correct, then cold is felt. You can set the sound from the soft "S".

It should be remembered that classes should not be stopped as soon as the child was able to correctly reproduce the sound, even if there is no longer a violation. The delivered pronunciation should be necessarily fixed with the help of poems, tongue twisters, stories and other works.

Thus, the production of sounds is very important for human speech. Therefore, if there are difficulties with reproducing this letter, you should definitely contact a specialist and perform exercises regularly.

I talked about how to prepare for setting the sound R. After the articulatory apparatus is ready, you can start setting the sound. There are different ways to set R, each of them is good in its own way, so you can try all at once, in turn or at the same time.

The most reliable - from the "fungus". To stick the tongue to the sky and blow on the tip of the tongue, there are a lot of variations: blow TSS, DZZ, JJ, TSHSH, just T or D. If the tongue falls down, hold it with probes or just index fingers in the area of ​​the molars. Or just hold the probe between the teeth, preventing the jaws from closing. The method is very simple and reliable. The good thing is that the sound will always be perfect and correct.

Usually at the beginning you get a ratchet - DRRR, which is easy to process and turn into R. But it is also the longest in time, because learning how to make a fungus does not always work out quickly if the child has problems with tone or bite. This is the only way to correct an incorrectly articulated sound: side, throat, one-beat. But you need to keep in mind that if the fungus is performed incorrectly, the tongue does not stick to the sky, but simply rises up or wraps back, then the sound will not work. Or the baby does not blow on the tip of the tongue, it does not come out either.

We start the "motor"

This is the most famous and popular way. A wide tongue, like a "sail", lift up, resting on the alveoli. Run along its middle part with a ball probe or finger. Vibrate and say DDDDD or fricative DZZZZ.
The exhalation should be strong enough, and the tongue should be wide, of course, it should be sufficiently developed, with a narrow and thick sound it is very difficult to deliver. As, however, with a weak exhalation.

calling sound

The most popular is to evoke sound. This method is sufficiently described, for example, in children's literature, when a child, trying to imitate the growl of a tiger cub or the cawing of a crow, finally learns to speak R. It turns out cheap and cheerful, without the participation of a speech therapist. But there are a lot of pitfalls, often in this way, forcing the child to growl, pronounce words with this sound or speak tongue twisters, parents achieve a defective sound, the baby burrs in some exotic way, which is then difficult to wean.

Chatterbox

From "talker". The child quickly, quickly runs his tongue across the sky back and forth, this exercise has several names, in addition to the talker, there is also a “turkey”. In this case, you can make different sounds, if for setting R, then RYA-RYA or something similar to BRL-BRL. It is often possible in this way to cause a single-strike P or Pb, which is then strengthened and strengthened, turning into PPRR or DRRRRR.

Individual approach

In general, when staging, I use a physiological approach - I carefully observe what the child does better and what abilities develop faster. If the children already know how to make a ratchet - “shoot like a machine gun”, then we set it from DR. Sometimes, when performing articulatory gymnastics, a single-hit P is immediately obtained (without a long vibration). It remains only to achieve a long vibration.

With dysarthria

Setting the sound P in dysarthria is complicated by a weak palatal curtain, dystonia of the tongue and increasing salivation. Careful study of the voice is required. But if there is no adenoiditis, the sound is set relatively quickly, sometimes even before whistling and hissing. Over time, the child learns to swallow saliva, chewing a douche helps. Sometimes you have to massage the soft palate a little, this procedure is unpleasant, but very effective.

Setting soft and hard sound

It happens that it is required to set the sound P soft from hard, which is set faster. And the soft Pb causes difficulty, is not pronounced at all, or, for example, PY is pronounced as PYA. In this case, you must continue to do gymnastics (fungus, sail, painter). To differentiate the pronunciation of P and iotated, explaining to the child the difference in the position of the tongue.

Sometimes, on the contrary, it is necessary to set up a hard P from a soft P (Pb). If soft Pb is single-impact, then it is necessary to achieve long-term vibration, first Ppppb, translating it into PPP. Strengthen the tip of the tongue with a massage and increase its sensitivity (suck the tip to the upper lip, alveoli, “clicking like a squirrel”). Then work out the difference between the pronunciation of soft Pb and hard P in syllables and words.

This concludes the article, in the following materials I will talk about how to fix an isolated sound and how to automate it in words, phrases and sentences. Read, subscribe to updates, write comments, share with friends and acquaintances in social networks.