Where Musa Jalil is buried. Musa Jalil's tragic death

Musa Jalil was born on February 2, 1906 in the village of Mustafino, Orenburg Region, in a Tatar family. Education in the biography of Musa Jalil was received in the madrasah (Muslim educational institution) "Khusainiya" in Orenburg. Jalil has been a member of the Komsomol since 1919. Musa continued his education at Moscow State University, where he studied at the literary department. After graduation, he worked as an editor for children's magazines.

For the first time Jalil's work was published in 1919, and his first collection was published in 1925 ("We are going"). Ten years later, two more collections of the poet were published: “Order-bearing millions”, “Poems and poems.” Musa Jalil was also the secretary of the Writers' Union in his biography.

In 1941 he went to the front, where he not only fought, but was also a war correspondent. After being captured in 1942, he was in the Spandau concentration camp. There he organized an underground organization that helped the prisoners to escape. In the camp, in the biography of Musa Jalil, there was still a place for creativity. There he wrote a whole series of poems. For work in an underground group, he was executed in Berlin on August 25, 1944. In 1956, the writer and activist was named Hero of the Soviet Union.

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Neither cruel torture, nor promises of freedom, life and prosperity broke his will and devotion to the Motherland. Before telling you, dear readers, about the famous Tatar poet and publicist, ...

Neither cruel torture, nor promises of freedom, life and prosperity broke his will and devotion to the Motherland.

Before telling you, dear readers, about the famous Tatar poet and publicist, Hero of the Soviet Union, laureate (posthumously) of the Lenin Prize Musa Jalil ((Musa Mustafaevich Zalilov), let me digress a little.

The greatness of Russia, its power and strength are determined not only and not so much by endless expanses, inexhaustible depths, space achievements, military victories and other state attributes, but, above all, by the peoples inhabiting one-seventh of the Earth. Not a single empire, not a single multinational country in the world, neither in the past nor in the present, can oppose Russia with a wiser and balanced national policy. From hoary antiquity to the present day. For many years it was argued that the tsarist empire was the "prison of the peoples." In fact, "accursed tsarism" has not lost on its many centuries-old path not a single, even the smallest, nationality that has risen under its banner. Moreover, if it were not for the military power of the Russian Empire, then many Central Asian, Caucasian, Baltic peoples would have long been erased from the world map, and we would have forgotten their name. Who will remember the Ubykhs now? But there was the most warlike million people of the Caucasus who left for Ottoman Turkey. There is not a single Ubykh now. Dissolved, disappeared in the abyss of Ottoman expansion. This has never happened in Russia. Here is a stunning, albeit little-known example of the creative loyalty and devotion of other peoples to the Russian fatherland. These peoples understood perfectly well that they would never exist without Russia.

So, in 1807, the St. George Cross was established - a reward for military merit and bravery shown against the enemy. For Muslims, it was proposed to establish the St. George Crescent. The proposal did not pass among the Muslims themselves. Then, in general, a special sign was installed for the Gentiles, where in the center of the medallion on both sides the coat of arms of Russia was depicted - a two-headed eagle. This sign was even awarded to 1,368 soldiers, but then it was abandoned. The warriors of Russia of different confessions in mortal danger wanted to feel themselves “like everyone else” - Russians and to receive only the St. George's Cross from their Motherland.

The Bolsheviks, being carried away today in every possible way, went even further in their creative national - no, after all, international policy. Its essence was the birth and establishment of the Soviet people, which was the only one in the entire world who managed to stop and destroy the brown plague of the twentieth century - fascism. No one else could do such a feat. So the brightest star in the greatest constellation of the Soviet people was my Tatar hero Musa Jalil. His amazingly fantastic life, struggle, creativity and death are worthy of both our admiration and our grateful memory.

... In the endless expanses of the Orenburg steppes, the small Tatar village of Mustafino is lost. In winter, there are severe frosts and gigantic snowdrifts, unbearable heat in summer. Musa's sixth child was born in that village. When the boy was seven years old, the parents of Mustafa and Rakhim Zalilov (the Tatar sound "z" is written as "z" and "j") sent him to the Orenburg madrasah (literal translation - "the place where they teach") "Khusainiya". There, in addition to compulsory theology, secular disciplines were also taught: literature, drawing, singing. The boy, although he studied very diligently, always waited, like manna from heaven, for a vacation. At home, he had full expanse: he went to the night, swam for a long time in the Net rivulet. And on long evenings I listened with delight to the drawn-out Tatar songs, which were splendidly performed by my mother and the bewitching fairy tales of grandmother Gilmi. Then the boy's poetic sparkle flashed. Years will pass and he will write:

Eh, my grandmother's tales,

It's not for you to compete with the truth!

To tell about the terrible

What words will I turn to ?.

At the age of thirteen, Musa enters the Komsomol. And at the age of fifteen he fights with the Cossacks of Ataman Dutov. Then he begins to seriously try himself in poetry:

If I took the saber, if I rushed with it,

Defending the Red Front, sweeping away the rich.

If a place was found for me in the line of friends,

If I used a dashing saber to cut the executioners.

The first poetic work of the young man was published in 1919 by the military newspaper "Kyzyl Yoldyz" ("Red Star"). Six years later, the first collection of Musa Jalil was published in Kazan. It contains poems and the poem "Barabyz" ("We are going"). After the end of the civil war, Musa Jalil took an active part in organizing the first pioneer detachments, wrote children's poems and plays. He was elected a member of the Bureau of the Tatar-Bashkir section of the Central Committee of the Komsomol and sent to study in Moscow. Musa enters the philological faculty of Moscow State University. And he continues to write poetry in his native language. In translations, they are read by students at university evenings.

I would consider this death in battle happiness,

I sing the glory of a heroic death in a song.

Worker friend, take your rifle and go on a hike!

Give your life, if necessary, for your will.

With a university degree, Jalil was sent to Kazan. Here he devoted himself entirely to creative work and social activities. In 1931-1932 he edited Tatar children's magazines published by the Central Committee of the Komsomol. Since 1933 he has been working as the head of the department of literature and art of the Tatar newspaper "Kommunist", which was published in Moscow. Then he met the Soviet poets A. Zharov, A. Bezymensky, M. Svetlov. In 1934, two of his poetry collections were published at once: "Order-bearing millions" on the Komsomol theme and "Poems and Poems". In 1939-1941 Musa Jalil was the executive secretary of the Writers' Union of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and at the same time the head of the literary section of the Tatar Opera Studio at the Moscow Conservatory. When the question arose of creating a national opera house, Musa rushed headlong into a new business for himself. He looked for singers, librettists, conducted extensive correspondence with Tatar poets and playwrights, attended rehearsals and arranged the life of the actors. At the same time, Jalil translated dozens of songs, romances, and operatic librettos into Tatar. He also writes original opera librettos. N. Zhiganov's opera "Altynchech" on its libretto was included in the Golden Fund of Soviet opera art. In the summer of 1939, an opera house was opened in Kazan. Musa continues to work there as the head of the literary department. By this time, Jalil's literary creativity reached its peak. He writes plays, epic poems, songs, critical articles with equal success. But, perhaps, Musa's talent was revealed most fully in lyric poems. Jalil finally emerged as a poet-lyricist. His poems attract with purity and sincerity. His translations into Tatar by Pushkin, Nekrasov, Shevchenko, and other national poets become Tatar classics. All this contributes to the poet's creative maturity. The critic S. Gamalov, reviewing the book of Jalil's poems published in Moscow in translation into Russian, called it the brightest example of the ideological and artistic growth of Tatar poetry and expressed confidence that "A small book of poems by Musa Jalil will bring great joy to the Soviet reader with genuine poetry, combining iron will with soft lyricism, great anger with tender love" ... Musa Jalil was elected chairman of the Writers' Union of the Tatar ASSR and a deputy of the city council. As a writer, he works in almost all literary genres: he writes songs, poems, poems, plays, journalism, collects material for a novel about the Komsomol. On the basis of his poems "Altyn Chech" ("Golden-haired") and "Ildar" the composer N.G. Zhiganov wrote operas. The last of them was awarded the Stalin Prize.

Without any exaggeration, one can say that by the end of the thirties Musa Jalil was at the zenith of his creative and social fame. And then the Great Patriotic War broke out. The first writer of Tataria did not need to make any effort to stay in the rear in party or state work. It was persistently and suggested to him by the leadership of the Tatar Autonomous Republic. However, the poet irresistibly rushed to the front and achieved his goal. Then he fought on the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts, was a correspondent for the Otvaga newspaper. In June 1942, during the Luban operation of the Soviet troops, Musa Jalil was seriously wounded in the chest and was taken prisoner unconscious.

Musa Jalil (1906-1944), full name Musa Mustafovich Zalilov (Jalilov), is a Soviet poet from Tatarstan, Hero of the Soviet Union (the title was awarded to him posthumously in 1956), and in 1957 he was posthumously awarded the Lenin Prize.

Childhood

In the Orenburg region in the Sharlyk region there is a small village of Mustafino. In this place on February 15, 1906, a sixth child appeared in a large family - a son, who was given the name Musa.

Father Mustafa and mother Rahim taught their children from an early age to value work, respect the older generation and study well at school. Musa did not even need to be forced to school, he had a special love for knowledge.

In his studies, he was a very diligent boy, he adored poetry, and expressed his thoughts unusually beautifully, both teachers and parents noticed this.

At first he studied at the village school - mekteb. Then the family moved to Orenburg, and there the young poet was sent to study at the Khusainiya madrasah, after the revolution this educational institution was reorganized into the Tatar Institute of Public Education. Here Musa's talent was revealed in full force. He studied well in all subjects, but literature, singing and drawing were especially easy for him.

Musa wrote his first poems at the age of 10, but, unfortunately, they have not survived to this day.

When Musa was 13 years old, he joined the Komsomol. After the end of the civil war, he took part in the creation of pioneer detachments and promoted the ideas of pioneers in his poems.

His favorite poets then were Omar Khayyam, Hafiz, Saadi, Tartar Derdmand. Influenced by their poetry, he composed his romantic poems:

"Burn, Peace" and "Council";
"Captive" and "Unanimity";
"The Throne of the Wheat" and "Before Death".

Creative way

Soon Musa Jalil was elected a member of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of the Tatar-Bashkir Bureau. This gave him the chance to go to Moscow and enter a state university. Thus, Musa in 1927 became a student of Moscow State University at the ethnological faculty (later it was renamed the writers' department), the literary department was chosen.

Throughout his studies at a higher institution, he wrote his beautiful poems in his native language, they were translated and read at poetry evenings. Musa's lyrics were a success.

In 1931, Jalil received a diploma from Moscow State University and was sent to Kazan. Under the Central Committee of the Komsomol, Tatar children's magazines were published, Musa worked as an editor in them.

In 1932, Musa left for the city of Nadezhdinsk (now called Serov). There he worked hard and hard on his new works. The famous composer Zhiganov composed the operas "Ildar" and "Altyn Chech" based on his poems.

In 1933, Jalil returned to the capital, where the Tatar newspaper "Kommunist" was published, and he headed its literary department. Here he met and made friends with many famous Soviet poets - Zharov, Svetlov, Bezymensky.

In 1934, two collections of Jalil, "Poems and Poems" and "Order-Bearing Millions" (dedicated to the theme of the Komsomol), were published. He worked a lot with poetic youth, thanks to Musa, such Tatar poets as Absalyamov and Alish got a start in life.

From 1939 to 1941 he worked as executive secretary at the Writers' Union of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, and was also in charge of the literary department at the Tatar Opera House.

War

On a Sunday morning in June, so clear and sunny, Musa had to go with his family to their friends' dacha. They were standing on the platform, waiting for the train, when they announced on the radio that the war had begun.

When they arrived outside the city and got off at the desired station, his friends joyfully greeted Musa with smiles and waved their hands from afar. As much as he wanted to do this, he had to report the terrible news about the war. Friends spent the whole day together, did not go to bed until morning. Parting, Jalil said: "After the war, some of us will be gone ..."

The next morning he came to the military registration and enlistment office with a statement to send him to the front. But they didn’t take Musa right away, they told everyone to wait their turn. The summons came to Jalil on July 13. An artillery regiment was just being formed in Tataria, and it got there. From there he was sent to the town of Menzelinsk, where for six months he studied at the courses of political instructors.

When the command learned that Musa Jalil was a famous poet, city council member, former chairman of the Writers' Union, they wanted to demobilize him and send him to the rear. But he answered emphatically: “You must understand me, because I am a poet! I cannot sit in the rear and from there call people to defend the Motherland. I must be at the front, among the soldiers and together with them beat the fascist scum ".

For some time he was in reserve at the army headquarters in the small town of Malaya Vishera. He often went on business trips on the front line, carrying out special assignments from the command, and also collecting the necessary material for the newspaper "Courage", in which he worked as a correspondent. Sometimes he had to walk 30 km a day.

If the poet had free moments, he wrote poetry. In the most difficult everyday life at the front, such wonderful lyrical works were born:

Death of a Girl and Tear;
"Goodbye, my clever girl" and "Trace".

Musa Jalil said: “I am still writing front-line lyrics. And I will do great things after our victory, if I am alive ".

Those who happened to be next to the senior political instructor of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts Musa Jalil were amazed at how this man could always maintain restraint and calmness. Even in the most difficult conditions, being surrounded, when there was not a single sip of water and crackers left, he taught his fellow soldiers to decant the juice from a birch and find edible herbs and berries.

In a letter to a friend, he wrote about the "Ballad of the last patron." Unfortunately, the world never recognized this work. Most likely the poem was about the only patron that the political instructor left for himself in the worst case. But the poet's fate turned out differently.

Captivity

In June 1942, making his way out of the encirclement with other officers and soldiers, Musa fell into Nazi encirclement and was seriously wounded in the chest. He was unconscious and was taken prisoner by the Germans. In the Soviet army, Jalil from that moment was considered missing, but in fact, his long wanderings around German prisons and camps began.

Here he especially understood what a front-line comradeship and fraternity is. The Nazis killed the sick and the wounded, looked for Jews and political instructors among the prisoners. Comrades supported Jalil in every possible way, no one betrayed that he was a political instructor, he was literally transported from camp to camp when he was wounded, and during heavy work they deliberately left him as an orderly in the barracks.

Having recovered from his injury, Musa provided all kinds of help and support to his comrades in the camps, he shared the last piece of bread with those in need. But most importantly, Jalil wrote poetry with a pencil stub on scraps of paper and read them to prisoners in the evenings, patriotic poetry about the Motherland helped the prisoners to experience all the humiliation and difficulties.

Musa wanted to be useful to his homeland even here, in the fascist camps of Spandau, Moabit, Ploetzensee. He created an underground organization in a camp near Radom in Poland.

After the defeat at Stalingrad, the Nazis conceived the creation of a legion of Soviet prisoners of war of non-Russian nationality, thinking that they could persuade them to cooperate. The underground prisoners of war agreed to participate in the legion. But when they were sent to the front, near Gomel, they deployed their weapons against the Germans and joined the Belarusian partisan detachments.

In conclusion, the Germans made Musa Jalil responsible for cultural and educational work. He had to travel to the camps. Seizing the moment, he recruited more and more people into the underground organization. He was even able to establish contacts with the underground workers from Berlin under the leadership of N.S. Bushmanov.

At the end of the summer of 1943, the underground workers were preparing the escape of many prisoners. But a traitor was found, someone betrayed the plans of an underground organization. The Germans arrested Jalil. Because he was a member and organizer of the underground, the Germans executed him on August 25, 1944. The execution took place in Berlin Ploetzensee prison on a guillotine.

Personal life

Musa Jalil had three wives.

They had a son Albert Zalilov with their first wife Rauza khanum. Musa was very fond of his first and only boy. Albert wanted to be a military pilot. However, due to eye disease, he could not pass the medical examination at the school, where he entered the fighter aviation.

Then Albert became a cadet at the Saratov Military School, after which he was sent to serve in the Caucasus.

In 1976, Albert asked the high command to send him to serve in Germany. They went to meet him. He served there for 12 years, during which time he studied in detail the Berlin resistance movement, with which his father was associated, and collected materials about the underground.

Albert was only three months old when Musa Jalil's first book was published. The poet gave this collection to his son and left his autograph there. Albert kept his father's gift for life.

Albert has two sons, the blood of Musa Jalil's grandfather flows in their veins, which means that the family of the great poet has continued.

Musa's second wife was Zakiya Sadykova, she gave birth to a beautiful and gentle girl Lucia, who was so similar to her father.

Lucia and her mother lived in Tashkent, after graduating from school, she became a student at a music school at the department of vocal and choral conducting. Then she graduated from the State Institute of Cinematography in Moscow and always wanted to make a film about her dad. As an assistant director, she managed to take part in the filming of the documentary "Moabit Notebook".

Musa's third wife Amina khanum gave birth to his daughter Chulpan. They were the main contenders for the cultural heritage of the great poet, but in 1954 the court divided everything equally - Albert, Lucia, Chulpan and Amine khanum. Chulpan Zalilova, like her father, devoted herself to literary activity for about 40 years, she worked in the editorial office of the "Russian Classics" publishing house "Khudozhestvennaya literatura". Annually, on Musa's birthday, Chulpan with his daughter and two grandchildren (Mikhail Mitorofanov-Jalil and Elizaveta Malysheva) come to the poet's homeland in Kazan.

Confession

In 1946, in the Soviet Union, a search case was opened against the poet on charges of treason and collaboration with the Nazis. In 1947, he was included in the lists of especially dangerous criminals.

In 1946, a former prisoner of war Teregulov Nigmat came to the Writers' Union of Tatarstan and handed over a notebook with poems by Musa Jalil, which the poet entrusted him with, and he was able to take it out of the German camp. A year later, in Brussels, a second notebook with Jalil's poems was handed over to the Soviet consulate. André Timmermans, a Belgian resistance fighter, managed to retrieve an invaluable notebook from Moabit Prison. He saw the poet before his execution, he asked him to transfer his poems to his homeland.

During the years of imprisonment, Musoyu wrote 115 poems. These notebooks, which his comrades managed to take out, were handed over to their homeland and are kept in the State Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Poems from Moabit fell into the hands of the right person - the poet Konstantin Simonov. He organized their translation into Russian and proved to the whole world the patriotism of the political group led by Musa Jalil, organized right under the noses of the fascists, in camps and prisons. Simonov wrote an article about Musa, which was published in 1953 in one of the Soviet newspapers. The slander against Jalil was done away with, and the triumphant realization of the poet's feat began across the country.

Memory

In Kazan, on Gorky Street, in a residential building, from where Musa Jalil went to the front, a museum has been opened.

A village in Tatarstan, an academic theater of opera and ballet in Kazan, many streets and avenues in all cities of the former Soviet Union, schools, libraries, cinemas and even a small planet are named after the poet.

It is a pity that the books of the poet Musa Jalil are now practically not published, and his poems are not included in the school curriculum, they are passed through extracurricular reading.

Although the verses "Barbarism" and "Stockings" should be studied at school along with the "Primer" and the multiplication table. Before the execution, the Nazis drove everyone in front of the pit and forced to undress. The three-year-old girl looked the German straight in the eye and asked: "Uncle, should I take off my stockings?" Goosebumps, and it seems that in one small poem all the pain of the Soviet people, who survived the horrors of war, is collected. And how deeply the great and talented poet Musa Jalil conveyed this pain.

		Monument in Kazan
		Annotation board in Kiev
		Memorial plaque in Moscow
		Monument in St. Petersburg (1)
		Monument in St. Petersburg (2)
		Bust in Nizhnevartovsk (view 1)
		Bust in Nizhnevartovsk (view 2)
		Memorial plaque in Kazan (1)
		Memorial plaque in Kazan (2)

Musa Jalil (Zalilov Musa Mustafovich) - Tatar poet, anti-fascist hero; Correspondent of the army newspaper "Otvaga" of the 2nd Shock Army of the Volkhov Front, senior political instructor.
Born on February 15, 1906 in the village of Mustafino, now in the Sharlyk District of the Orenburg Region, in the family of a poor peasant. Tatar. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1929. He studied at the Oreburg madrasah "Khusainiya", which after the Great October Socialist Revolution was transformed into the Tatar Institute of Public Education (TINO). In 1919 he joined the Komsomol.
Member of the Civil War. He fought with Dutov. During this period, his first poems appeared, calling on the working youth to fight the enemies of the revolution.
After the civil war, Musa Jalil took an active part in organizing the first pioneer groups, wrote children's poems and plays. He was elected a member of the Bureau of the Tatar-Bashkir section of the Central Committee of the Komsomol and sent to Moscow. Here he enters the philological faculty of Moscow State University. His poems, which he wrote in his native language, were read in translations at university evenings and enjoyed great success. After graduating from the university in 1931, he was sent to Kazan, where he devoted himself entirely to creative work and social activities. In 1939, Musa Jalil was elected chairman of the Writers' Union of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and a deputy of the city council. As a writer, he works in almost all literary genres: he writes songs, poems, poems, plays, journalism, collects material for a novel about the Komsomol. On the basis of his poems "Altyn Chech" and "Il Dar", composer NG Zhiganov wrote operas (the last of them was awarded the Stalin Prize).
When the Great Patriotic War began, in June 1941 he was drafted into the Red Army. He graduated from the courses of political personnel. He fought on the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts, as a correspondent for the Otvaga army newspaper of the 2nd Shock Army (Volkhov Front).
On June 26, 1942, senior political instructor M.M. Zalilov with a group of soldiers and officers, making their way out of the encirclement, was ambushed by the Nazis. In the ensuing battle, he was seriously wounded in the chest and was taken prisoner unconscious.
While in the Spandau concentration camp, he organized a group to prepare an escape. At the same time, he led political work among the prisoners, issued leaflets, distributed his poems calling for resistance and struggle.
On the denunciation of the provocateur, he was captured by the Gestapo and imprisoned in a solitary confinement cell in Berlin's Moabit prison. Neither cruel torture, nor promises of freedom, life and prosperity broke his will and devotion to the Motherland. Then he was sentenced to death, and on August 25, 1944, he was executed by guillotine at the Ploetzensee prison in Berlin.
For a long time, the fate of Musa Jalil remained unknown. Only thanks to the many years of efforts of the pathfinders was his tragic death established.
By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 2, 1956, for exceptional fortitude and courage shown in battles against the Nazi invaders in the Great Patriotic War, Musa Jalil (Zalilov Musa Mustafovich) awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).
Awarded the Order of Lenin (02.02.1956, posthumously). Lenin Prize Laureate (1957).
There is a monument to Musa Jalil in the center of the capital of Tataria - Kazan. His name was given to a motor ship cruising along the Volga, an urban-type settlement in Tataria. In October 2008, a monument to the poet was unveiled in Moscow, in the southeast of the capital, in the courtyard of school No. 1186, which bears his name.
Compositions:
Heroic song. - M .: "Young Guard", 1955.
From a Moabite notebook. / Ed. S. Shchipacheva. - M .: "Soviet writer", 1954.
Selected Lyrics. - M .: "Young Guard", 1964.
Favorites. - M .: "Fiction", 1966.
Moabite notebook. - M .: "Fiction", 1969.
My songs. - M .: "Children's Literature", 1966.
Poetry. / Authorized translation from Tatar by A. Minikh. - M .: Goslitizdat, 1935.
Poems. - M .: Goslitizdat, 1961.

In the prison dungeons, the fiery anti-fascist poet created 115 poetic works. His notebooks with poetry were kept by fellow prisoner, Belgian anti-fascist Andre Timmermans. After the war, Timmermans handed them over to the Soviet consul. The poems were returned to their homeland. The collection of Moabite poems was first published in the Tatar language in Kazan in 1953. In 1955, a collection of poems by Musa Jalil was published by the Molodaya Gvardiya publishing house under the title Heroic Song. The first Moabite homemade notebook, measuring 9.5 x 7.5 cm, contains 60 poems. The second Moabite notebook is also a homemade notebook measuring 10.7 x 7.5 cm. It contains 50 poems. These notebooks are kept in the State United Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan. It is still unknown how many notebooks there were in total. In 1957, Musa Jalil was posthumously awarded the Lenin Prize for the cycle of poems "Moabit Notebook".

On June 25, 1941, just on the third day of World War II, Soviet aviation launched an air counterattack with the aim of destroying fascist aircraft based on airfields in Finland.

The greatness of Russia, its power and strength are determined not only and not so much by endless expanses, inexhaustible depths, space achievements, military victories and other state attributes, but, above all, by the peoples inhabiting one-seventh of the Earth. Not a single empire, not a single multinational country in the world, neither in the past nor in the present, can oppose Russia with a wiser and balanced national policy. From hoary antiquity to the present day. For many years it was argued that the tsarist empire was the "prison of the peoples." In fact, the "accursed tsarism" did not lose on its centuries-old path not a single, even the smallest, nationality that stood under its banner. Moreover, if it were not for the military power of the Russian Empire, then many Central Asian, Caucasian, Baltic peoples, and the same, now "Bandera" Ukraine, would have long been erased from the world map, and we would have forgotten their name. Who will remember the Ubykhs now? But there was the most warlike million people of the Caucasus who left for Ottoman Turkey. There is not a single Ubykh now. Dissolved, disappeared in the abyss of Ottoman expansion. This has never happened in Russia. Here is a stunning, albeit little-known example of the creative loyalty and devotion of other peoples to the Russian fatherland. These peoples understood perfectly well that they would never exist without Russia.

So, in 1807, the St. George Cross was established - a reward for military merit and bravery shown against the enemy. For Muslims, it was proposed to establish the Gergiev Crescent. The proposal did not pass among the Muslims themselves. Then, in general, a special sign was installed for the Gentiles, where in the center of the medallion on both sides the coat of arms of Russia was depicted - a two-headed eagle. This sign was even awarded to 1,368 soldiers, but then it was abandoned. The warriors of Russia of different confessions in mortal danger wanted to feel themselves “like everyone else” - Russians and to receive only the St. George's Cross from their Motherland.

At the age of thirteen, Musa enters the Komsomol. And at the age of fifteen he fights with the Cossacks of Ataman Dutov. Then he begins to seriously try himself in poetry: "If I would take a saber, if I would rush with it, / defending the Red Front, sweep away the rich. / If a place was found for me in the line of friends, / If I used a dashing saber to cut the executioners."

With a university degree, Jalil was sent to Kazan. Here he devoted himself entirely to creative work and social activities. In 1931-1932 he edited Tatar children's magazines published by the Central Committee of the Komsomol. Since 1933 he has been working as the head of the department of literature and art of the Tatar newspaper "Kommunist", which was published in Moscow. Then he met the Soviet poets A. Zharov, A. Bezymensky, M. Svetlov. In 1934, two of his poetry collections were published at once: "Order-bearing millions" on the Komsomol theme and "Poems and Poems". In 1939-1941 Musa Jalil was the executive secretary of the Writers' Union of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and at the same time the head of the literary section of the Tatar Opera Studio at the Moscow Conservatory. When the question arose of creating a national opera house, Musa rushed headlong into a new business for himself. He looked for singers, librettists, conducted extensive correspondence with Tatar poets and playwrights, attended rehearsals and arranged the life of the actors. At the same time, Jalil translated dozens of songs, romances, and operatic librettos into Tatar. He also writes original opera librettos. N. Zhiganov's opera "Altynchech" on its libretto was included in the Golden Fund of Soviet opera art. In the summer of 1939, an opera house was opened in Kazan. Musa continues to work there as the head of the literary department. By this time, Jalil's literary creativity reached its peak. He writes plays, epic poems, songs, critical articles with equal success. But, perhaps, Musa's talent was revealed most fully in lyric poems. Jalil finally emerged as a poet-lyricist. His poems attract with purity and sincerity. His translations into Tatar by Pushkin, Nekrasov, Shevchenko, and other national poets become Tatar classics. All this contributes to the poet's creative maturity. The critic S. Gamalov, reviewing the book of Jalil's poems published in Moscow in translation into Russian, called it the clearest example of the ideological and artistic growth of Tatar poetry and expressed confidence that “a small book of poems by Musa Jalil will bring great joy to the Soviet reader with genuine poetry, will with soft lyricism, great anger with tender love. " Musa Jalil was elected chairman of the Writers' Union of the Tatar ASSR and a deputy of the city council. As a writer, he works in almost all literary genres: he writes songs, poems, poems, plays, journalism, collects material for a novel about the Komsomol. On the basis of his poems "Altyn Chech" ("Golden-haired") and "Ildar", composer N. G. Zhiganov wrote operas. The last of them was awarded the Stalin Prize.

... How the Germans created the Idel-Ural legion, where captured natives of the Volga region and the Urals were assigned, must be written separately and in detail. This topic is more than complex and painful. But we will dwell only on the fact that in parallel with the formation of the legion (it was stationed in the Polish village of Yedlinsk), a Tatar underground, led by officer Gaynan Kurmashev, arose in it. This militant organization set itself the goal of ideologically disintegrating and blowing up the legion from the inside, preparing the legionnaires for escapes, for an uprising, for going over to their side. At the disposal of the Tatar underground workers was the printing house of the Idel-Ural newspaper, which the Nazis and émigré circles began to publish for the legionnaires in the fall of 1942. Kurmashev had ten closest assistants: Musa Jalil, Abdulla Alish, Fuat Sayfulmulyukov, Fuat Bulatov, Garif Shabaev, Akhmet Simaev, Abdulla Battalov, Zinnat Khasanov, Akhat Atnashev, Salim Bukharov. All of them carried out specific assignments from the headquarters. Specifically, Musa Jalil traveled to military camps to conduct cultural and educational work. He established conspiratorial ties with other underground members. Under the guise of selecting amateur artists for the choir chapel created in the legion, he recruited new members of the underground organization. The poet was also associated with an underground organization called the Berlin Committee of the CPSU (b), headed by Colonel Nikolai Stepanovich Bushmanov.

Again, without going into details, we can safely say: as a result of the activities of the Tatar underground, the battalions of the legion as part of the Wehrmacht did not fulfill the tasks that the German command set for them. And this is a great merit of Musa Jalil. So the 825th battalion was sent on February 14, 1943 to fight the partisans. On February 21, representatives of the legion went out to the Belarusian partisans. Although the conspiracy was uncovered by the Germans, on February 22, most of the battalion went over to the side of the partisans with weapons in their hands. The 826th battalion was formed on January 15, 1943, but after the uprising of the 825th battalion, it was transferred to Holland for security service. He did not participate in hostilities. The 827th battalion was in Western Ukraine, where it operated against the Kovpak partisans. The legionnaires did not show much zeal in battles. The majority deserted to the partisans. In 1943, an uprising was being prepared, which the Germans managed to uncover in time. The leader of the uprising, Senior Lieutenant Miftakhov, was executed. The 827th battalion was also redeployed to the West. Most of the legionnaires went over to the side of the French Resistance. 828th battalion. Was formed and sent to Western Ukraine instead of the disbanded 827th. However, this unit also disappointed the Germans. Legionnaires in droves fled to the partisans. Subsequently, the battalion was transferred from Ukraine, and its traces are lost.

German counterintelligence found traces of the activities of the Tatar underground on the basis of an ordinary defect in one type of a typewriter. Most of the underground in Berlin were arrested on the night of August 11-12, 1943, when they were listening to radio messages from the mainland. Simaev, Alisha, Bulatov Shabaev were seized at the editorial office of the Idel-Ural newspaper. In total, forty people from the underground were in the dungeons. A provocateur reported on Jalil. As the most dangerous criminal, Musa was handed over to the Gestapo. They imprisoned him in solitary confinement at Berlin's Moabit prison. Neither cruel torture, nor promises of freedom, life and prosperity broke his will and devotion to the Motherland.

In the prison dungeons, the fiery anti-fascist poet created 115 poetic works. Here is just one of them: “If they bring you news about me, / They will say:“ He is tired, he fell behind, ”- / Do not believe it, dear! This is the word / Friends will not say if they believe in me. / With the blood from the banner the oath calls out: / It gives me strength, moves me forward. / So do I have the right to get tired and fall behind? / So do I have the right to fall and not get up? / Kohl about me They will bring you news, / They will say: "He is a traitor! He betrayed his homeland", - / Do not believe, dear! This is the word / Friends will not say if they love me. / I took a machine gun and went to fight, / To fight for you and for my motherland. / Will you change? And About my motherhood? / But what will remain in my life? / If they bring you news about me, / They will say: "He is dead. Musa is already dead", - / Do not believe, dear! The word is / Friends will not say if they love you. / A cold body will cover the earth - / You cannot fall asleep in a song of fire! / Die, winning, and who will call you dead / If you were a fighter ?! "

These lines, perhaps not perfect for someone, were written by a man who knew for sure that the guillotine was waiting for him. There is no analogue of such poetic creativity in the world. Is that Julius Fucik also wrote "Report with a noose around his neck."

The path to the recognition of Musa Jalil in his homeland was long and difficult. In 1946, the USSR Ministry of State Security opened a search file against Musa Jalil. He was accused of treason and aiding the enemy. A year later, the name of Musa Jalil was included in the list of especially dangerous criminals. And then the former prisoner of war Nigmat Teregulov brought a notebook with six dozen of Jalil's poems to the Writers' Union of Tatarstan. Some time later, the second notebook of the same poet came from the Soviet consulate in Brussels. From the Moabit prison, she was carried out by the Belgian resistance member Andre Timmermans. At their last meeting, Musa said that he and a group of his fellow Tatars would soon be executed, and asked to hand over a notebook with prison verses to their homeland. The Moabite Notebook fell into the hands of the poet Konstantin Simonov, who organized the translation of Jalil's poems into Russian, removed slanderous slander from the poet and proved the patriotic activities of his underground group. An article by K. Simonov about Musa Jalil was published in one of the central newspapers in 1953, after which a triumphant "march" of the heroic deeds of the poet and his comrades into the public consciousness began. In 1956 he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, in 1957 he became a laureate of the Lenin Prize.